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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Anatomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makroskopisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makroskopisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Makroskopisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makroskopisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mikroskopisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikroskopisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mikroskopisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikroskopisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pars_distalis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pars_distalis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Pars distalis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pars_distalis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurohypofysen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurohypofysen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Neurohypofysen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurohypofysen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pars_intermedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pars_intermedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Pars intermedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pars_intermedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embryologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embryologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Embryologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embryologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fysiologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fysiologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fysiologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fysiologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Patologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypofyse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 89 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofise" title="Hipofise – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hipofise" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غدة نخامية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غدة نخامية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiz" title="Hipofiz – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hipofiz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="هیپوفیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیپوفیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Гіпофіз – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіпофіз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Мазгавы прывесак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мазгавы прывесак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипофиза – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хипофиза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="পিটুইটারি গ্রন্থি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটুইটারি গ্রন্থি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="ཀླད་པའི་འཕྱང་གཟུགས་ – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀླད་པའི་འཕྱང་གཟུགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiza" title="Hipofiza – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hipofiza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B2fisi" title="Hipòfisi – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipòfisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Гипофиз – tjetjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гипофиз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ھیپۆفیز – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیپۆفیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypof%C3%BDza" title="Hypofýza – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hypofýza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9sk%C3%B2w%C3%B4_gr%C3%AB%C5%BCelka" title="Mùskòwô grëżelka – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mùskòwô grëżelka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwarren_bitwidol" title="Chwarren bitwidol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Chwarren bitwidol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypophyse" title="Hypophyse – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hypophyse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%AB%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A9_%DE%8E%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%B0" title="ޕިޓޫއިޓަރީ ގްލޭންޑް – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕިޓޫއިޓަރީ ގްލޭންޑް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Υπόφυση – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπόφυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pituitary gland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofizo" title="Hipofizo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hipofizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3fisis" title="Hipófisis – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipófisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuripats" title="Ajuripats – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajuripats" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofisi" title="Hipofisi – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipofisi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="هیپوفیز – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیپوفیز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivolis%C3%A4ke" title="Aivolisäke – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aivolisäke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypophyse" title="Hypophyse – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypophyse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faireog_phiot%C3%BAtach" title="Faireog phiotútach – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Faireog phiotútach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A1ndula_hip%C3%B3fise" title="Glándula hipófise – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Glándula hipófise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="هيپؤفيز – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هيپؤفيز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF" title="કફોત્પાદક ગ્રંથિ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કફોત્પાદક ગ્રંથિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97" title="בלוטת יותרת המוח – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלוטת יותרת המוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="पीयूष ग्रन्थि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीयूष ग्रन्थि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiza" title="Hipofiza – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hipofiza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agyalapi_mirigy" title="Agyalapi mirigy – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Agyalapi mirigy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6" title="Հիպոֆիզ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիպոֆիզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofisis" title="Hipofisis – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hipofisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofizo" title="Hipofizo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hipofizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiladingull" title="Heiladingull – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heiladingull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipofisi" title="Ipofisi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ipofisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%B3%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82%E4%BD%93" title="脳下垂体 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脳下垂体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klanjer_pituwitari" title="Klanjer pituwitari – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Klanjer pituwitari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ჰიპოფიზი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიპოფიზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Гипофиз – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гипофиз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಿಟ್ಯುಟರಿ ಗ್ರಂಥಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿಟ್ಯುಟರಿ ಗ್ರಂಥಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%87%8C%ED%95%98%EC%88%98%EC%B2%B4" title="뇌하수체 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뇌하수체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%90%DA%86%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%BA%DB%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%97%D8%AF" title="پِچوٹری غۆدوٗد – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پِچوٹری غۆدوٗد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEpof%C3%AEz" title="Hîpofîz – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîpofîz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Гипофиз – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гипофиз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glandula_pituitaria" title="Glandula pituitaria – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Glandula pituitaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiz%C4%97" title="Hipofizė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hipofizė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipof%C4%ABze" title="Hipofīze – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hipofīze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипофиза – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хипофиза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF" title="പീയൂഷ ഗ്രന്ഥി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീയൂഷ ഗ്രന്ഥി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯤꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯤꯇꯨꯏꯇꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelenjar_pituitari" title="Kelenjar pituitari – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelenjar pituitari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsenanhangsel" title="Harsenanhangsel – plattysk (Holland)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Harsenanhangsel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="plattysk (Holland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="पिट्युटरी ग्रन्थि – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पिट्युटरी ग्रन्थि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypofyse" title="Hypofyse – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hypofyse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypofyse" title="Hypofyse – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hypofyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypofyse" title="Hypofyse – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hypofyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przysadka_m%C3%B3zgowa" title="Przysadka mózgowa – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przysadka mózgowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3fise" title="Hipófise – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipófise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiz%C4%83" title="Hipofiză – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hipofiză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гипофиз человека – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гипофиз человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pituitary gland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiza" title="Hipofiza – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hipofiza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pituitary gland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podmozgov%C3%A1_%C5%BE%C4%BEaza" title="Podmozgová žľaza – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podmozgová žľaza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiza" title="Hipofiza – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hipofiza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiza" title="Hipofiza – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hipofiza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипофиза – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хипофиза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofisis" title="Hipofisis – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hipofisis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypofys" title="Hypofys – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hypofys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="கபச் சுரப்பி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கபச் சுரப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B7_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF" title="పియూష గ్రంధి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పియూష గ్రంధి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ต่อมใต้สมอง – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ต่อมใต้สมอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glandulang_pituitaryo" title="Glandulang pituitaryo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Glandulang pituitaryo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipofiz" title="Hipofiz – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hipofiz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Гипофиз – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гипофиз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%DA%AD%DB%95_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%89" title="مېڭە ئاستى بېزى – uygurisk" lang="ug" 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray1181.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/220px-Gray1181.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/330px-Gray1181.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gray1181.png/440px-Gray1181.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Mediansnit<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gennem en (abe)-hypofyse.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hypofysen</b> (græsk: <i>Hypophysis</i>, eller på latin: <i>glandula pituitaria</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) er en overordnet <a href="/wiki/Kirtel" title="Kirtel">kirtel</a> på størrelse med et <a href="/wiki/Solb%C3%A6r" title="Solbær">solbær</a> placeret under <a href="/wiki/Hjernen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjernen">hjernen</a>. Hypofysen står i tæt forbindelse med centre i den primitive hjerne, og disse kan sammen udøve en overordnet kontrol på mange af kroppens andre organer. Hormonudskillelsen styres ved hjælp af <a href="/wiki/Feedback" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedback">Feedback</a>-systemer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomi">Anatomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Anatomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Anatomi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makroskopisk">Makroskopisk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Makroskopisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Makroskopisk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Om organet</b>: Hypofysen måler 1,5 cm × 1,0 cm × 0,5 cm og vejer ca. 0,5 g, dog stiger vægten under graviditet. Den er ophængt til <i><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Diencephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Diencephalon">diencephalon</a></i> ved hjernestilken (<i>infundibulum</i>), som væsentligst består af talrige nervefibre fra <i><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a></i>, hypofyseceller (såkaldte <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pituicytter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pituicytter (ikke skrevet endnu)">pituicytter</a></i>) og sparsomt epitelvæv. Den fortsætter fra hjernen ned i den bagerste del af hypofysen. Denne kaldes neurohypofysen netop på grund af dens nære relation til <i><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a></i>.<br /> Udover neurohypofysen findes også adenohypofysen, den forreste del. Denne udgør ca 75% af den samlede størrelse og deles igen op i en <i>pars distalis</i> og <i>pars tuberalis</i>. Førstnævnte er den virksomme del af adenohypofysen. <i>Pars tuberalis</i> er ikke påvist at have nogen endokrin funktion. Endelig findes en <i>pars intermedia</i>, der kun menes at være aktiv i fostertilværelsen. (Se under fysiologi). </p><p><b>Relationer</b>:Hypofysen befinder sig i "Den Tyrkiske Sadel" (<i>sella turcica</i> eller <i>fossa hypophysialis</i>), som er en lille udhulning i <a href="/wiki/Kileben" title="Kileben">kilebenet</a> (<i>os sphenoidale</i>). Selve <i>sella turcica</i> er udforet med den hårde hjernehinde <i>dura mater</i>, ligesom denne danner et tag hen over hypofysen (med hul til infundibulum), nemlig <i>diaphragma sellae</i>. Af andre relationer kan nævnes kilebenshulen <i>sinus sphenoidalis</i> lige under hypofyselejet. Denne er vigtig ved hypofysekirurgi hvor man benytter denne hule som adgangsvej (kilebenshulen er ligesom andre bihuler forbundet med næsen). Synsbanekrydsningen, <i>chiasma opticum</i>, skal også nævnes. Denne ligger lige over hypofysen og desuden i nær relation til hypofysestilken og kan påvirkes ved hypofysetumorer. På hver side af hypofyselejet findes en <i>sinus cavernosus</i> (en slags vene i hjernen) hvori findes indlejret <i>a. carotis interna</i> og hjernenerverne <i>nn. <a href="/wiki/N._oculomotorius" class="mw-redirect" title="N. oculomotorius">oculomotorius</a>, trochlearis og abducens</i> (alle tre styrer samtlige øjenmuskler) og desuden to af tre grene fra hjernenerven <a href="/wiki/N._trigeminus" class="mw-redirect" title="N. trigeminus">n. trigeminus</a>, nemlig <i>nn. ophthalmicus og maxillaris</i> (vigtige for følesansen i ansigt og en del af skalpen). </p><p><b>Blodforsyning</b>: Blodet til hypofysen kommer fra to sæt arterier, der begge kommer fra <i>a. carotis interna</i>. Det drejer sig om <i>aa. hypophysiales superiores</i> og -<i>inferiores</i> (de øvre og nedre hypofysearterier). Blodforsyningen er en smule afvigende fra andre organer; grunden hertil findes i kirtlens funktion og embryologi (se senere). <i>Aa hypophysiales inf.</i> forsyner hovedsageligt neurohypofysen og har her en dobbeltfunktion: Blodet skal både nære vævet, men også fungere som fraførende transportvej for de hormoner, der udskilles her.<br /> Anderledes er blodforsyningen i adenohypofysen, der hovedsageligt forsynes af de øvre hypofysearterier. Disse grener sig op i et kapillærnet omkring <i><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>'</i>s <i>eminentia mediana</i>, samler sig igen i en større samleåre (betegnet en portåre) for så igen at grene sig op i et kapillærnet omkring adenohypofysen hvorefter blodet forlader denne via vener. Blodet udfylder også her en dobbeltrolle, både nutritivt og som transportvej. Denne specielle udformning af blodforsyningen har sin forklaring i funktion og embryologi. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikroskopisk">Mikroskopisk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Mikroskopisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mikroskopisk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pars_distalis">Pars distalis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Pars distalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pars distalis"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De funktionelle celler (parenchymet) ligger indlejret i et støttende væv (stromaet), som det er tilfældet i så mange kirtler. Parenchymet deles her op efter deres farvbarhed. En hovedopdeling baserer sig således på om de farves eller ej. De farvede kaldes kromofine celler, de ikke-farvede kromofobe celler. Fordelingen er omtrent halvt af hver. De farvede deles yderligere op i to grupper, nemlig acidofile og basofile. Navnene her kommer af farvestoffernes affinitet til sure eller basiske bestanddele i cellerne. Der kan bruges mange forskellige farvestoffer og -teknikker, men ved en specialfarvning (Mallory-farvning), ses de acidofile som kraftigt (lyse-)røde mens de basofile celler er stærkt blå/lilla. Fordelingen er 80% acidofile og 20% basofile. Overordnet altså 50% kromofobe, 40% acidofile og 10% basofile.<br /> Man mener, at de kromofobe celler muligvis er forstadier til eller inaktive stadier af de to andre celletyper. De farvbare celler er således dem, der producerer de hormoner, der er tilskrevet adenohypofysen. Mere om dette under fysiologi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neurohypofysen">Neurohypofysen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Neurohypofysen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Neurohypofysen"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som angivet tidligere udgør denne del kun omkring 25% af den samlede størrelse og udviser i mikroskopet ikke samme farvbarhed og generelle udseende som adenohypofysen. Her ses en mere grå masse, der væsentligst består af de føromtalte nervefibre (axoner) fra <i><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a></i> og pituicytternes lange udløbere. Det eneste rigtigt farvbare er pituicytternes kerner. Udover dette udbyder <i>pars nervosa</i> ikke særlige karakteristika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pars_intermedia">Pars intermedia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Pars intermedia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pars intermedia"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne kan i nogle specialfarvede præparater ses mellem adeno- og neurohypofysen. Grundet embryologien kan man her finde rester af slimhinde, der ellers burde findes i luftvejene, ligesom man kan finde små væskefyldte rum (vesikler), der ligeledes er rester fra fosterlivet. Som nævnt tidligere menes pars intermedia ikke at have nogen funktion i voksenlivet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Embryologi">Embryologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Embryologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Embryologi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anlægget til hypofysen ses første gang i 7-8 fosteruge. Den opstår fra to helt forskellige dele.<br /> Neurohypofysen dannes som en udbulning på den ovenliggende hypothalamus (diencephalon) og kommer til at strække sig et stykke ned under denne som en slags stilk. Egentlig er denne stilk hul lidt af vejen ned så den mere for karakter af en tragt<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (deraf det latinske navn <i>infundibulum</i> = tragt). Neurohypofysen er således af neuroektodermal oprindelse.<br /> Adenohypofysen bliver først til som en udbulning i stomodeum (den primitive mundbugt). Denne vokser sig større og mister siden forbindelsen med munden hvorefter den lægger sig foran neurohypofysen og delvist omsvøber denne (pars tuberalis). Denne er således oprindeligt fra den respiratoriske slimhinde i loftet af det, der engang bliver næsen. Hermed kan nødvendigheden af den specielle blodforsyning delvist erkendes, men den fulde forklaring hører under fysiologien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fysiologi">Fysiologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Fysiologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fysiologi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg/500px-Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg/750px-Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg/1000px-Endocrine_central_nervous_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Oversigt over hormonproduktionen i hoved og hals</figcaption></figure> <p>Hormonerne der dannes i hypofysen: </p> <ul><li>Forlappens hormoner <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TSH" title="TSH">TSH</a> thyroideastimulerende hormon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACTH" class="mw-redirect" title="ACTH">ACTH</a> adrenocorticotropt hormon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GH" class="mw-redirect" title="GH">GH</a> væksthormon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FSH" class="mw-redirect" title="FSH">FSH</a> follikelstimulerende hormon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteiniserende_hormon" title="Luteiniserende hormon">Luteiniserende hormon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prolaktin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prolaktin (ikke skrevet endnu)">Prolaktin</a> laktotropt hormon</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Hormon fra pars intermedia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSH (ikke skrevet endnu)">MSH</a> melanocytstimulerende hormon</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Baglappens hormoner <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADH" title="ADH">ADH</a> antidiuretisk hormon, vasopressin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patologi">Patologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Patologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Patologi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ved sygdom i hypofysen eller operativ fjernelse kan ses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyseinsufficiens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypofyseinsufficiens (ikke skrevet endnu)">hypofyseinsufficiens</a>, der giver sig udtryk i mangel på et eller flere af hormonerne. Der kan opstå <a href="/wiki/Svulst" class="mw-redirect" title="Svulst">svulster</a> i de hormonproducerende <a href="/wiki/Celle_(biologi)" title="Celle (biologi)">celler</a>, som medfører overproduktion af et eller flere hormoner. En sådan svulst kan trykke på omgivelserne, og på grund af de tidligere nævnte relationer, kan en sådan trykke på synsnerven og give synsudfald. En prolaktinsecernerende tumor kan forhindre en kvinde i at blive gravid og en ACTH-producerende tumor giver <a href="/wiki/Cushings_syndrom" title="Cushings syndrom">Cushings syndrom</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi">Endokrinologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">Hormon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypofyse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Noter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mediant betyder på langs og i midten således at hjernen er delt i to principielt symmetriske dele</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">At noget er pituitært betyder egentlig at det er slimafgivende, hvorfor man ledes til at tro, at de gamle romere ikke havde forstået den egentlige rolle af hjernevedhænget.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Den gamle videnskabsmand Galen mente, at hypofysen var en slags filter for cerebrospinalvæsken og at infundibulum derfor fungerede netop som en tragt.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; visibility:false; display:none"></div><table class="" style="width: 100%; float: none; margin: 0 auto; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66bb77;padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;"><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lægevidenskab"><img alt="Lægevidenskab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg/36px-Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg/54px-Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg/72px-Nuvola_Red_Plus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span></td><td style="width:100%"><b>Spire</b><br /><div style="font-size:85%;line-height:135%;">Denne artikel om <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6gevidenskab" title="Lægevidenskab">lægevidenskab</a> er en <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Stub" title="Hjælp:Stub">spire</a> som bør udbygges. 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