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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opening ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Athletics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Fencing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailing_and_rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailing_and_rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Sailing and rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailing_and_rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Swimming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Tennis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weightlifting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weightlifting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Weightlifting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weightlifting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Closing ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participating_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participating_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Participating nations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participating_nations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Participating nations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Participating_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medal_count" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal_count"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Medal count</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medal_count-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medal count subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medal_count-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Podium_sweeps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podium_sweeps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Podium sweeps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podium_sweeps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1896 Summer Olympics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1896" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1896 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1896" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_1896" title="Аҭена 1896 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭена 1896" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_1896" title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1896 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1896" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_d%27Atenas_1896" title="Chuegos Olimpicos d'Atenas 1896 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuegos Olimpicos d'Atenas 1896" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_d%27Atenes_1896" title="Xuegos Olímpicos d'Atenes 1896 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuegos Olímpicos d'Atenes 1896" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosaraipav%E1%BA%BD_Arahak%C3%BApe_1896" title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1896 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1896" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Yay_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1" title="1896 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1896 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Panes_1896" title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1896 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1896" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="১৮৯৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৯৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_n%C3%AE_H%C4%81-k%C3%B9i_Olympic_%C5%AAn-t%C5%8Dng-ho%C4%93" title="1896 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1896 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1896" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1896_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1896 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Olimpiko_sa_Tig-init" title="1896 Olimpiko sa Tig-init – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1896 Olimpiko sa Tig-init" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Летни олимпийски игри 1896 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Летни олимпийски игри 1896" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijske_igre_1896." title="Olimpijske igre 1896. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Olimpijske igre 1896." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_1896" title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1896 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1896" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1896" title="Letní olympijské hry 1896 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní olympijské hry 1896" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1896" title="Sommer-OL 1896 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommer-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Sommerspiele_1896" title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1896 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1896" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%83_%DE%87%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0" title="1896 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ސަމަރ އޮލިމްޕިކްސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="1896 ވަނަ އަހަރުގެ ސަމަރ އޮލިމްޕިކްސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="1896. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1896. aasta suveolümpiamängud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_1896" title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Atenas_1896" title="Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 1896 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas 1896" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_Olimpiko_1896" title="Somera Olimpiko 1896 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera Olimpiko 1896" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B6" title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۸۹۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۸۹۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_de_1896" title="Jeux olympiques de 1896 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeux olympiques de 1896" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Simmerspullen_1896" title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1896 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1896" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluich%C3%AD_Oilimpeacha_an_tSamhraidh_1896" title="Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 1896 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 1896" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1896" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1896 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1896" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%EB%85%84_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD" title="1896년 하계 올림픽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1896년 하계 올림픽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80_1896" title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1896 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1896" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="1896 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1896 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Atena_1896." title="I. Olimpijske igre – Atena 1896. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="I. Olimpijske igre – Atena 1896." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Athina,_1896" title="Olimpiala Ludi en Athina, 1896 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olimpiala Ludi en Athina, 1896" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1896" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1896 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1896" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_1896" title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1896 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1896" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_della_I_Olimpiade" title="Giochi della I Olimpiade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giochi della I Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_(1896)" title="אולימפיאדת אתונה (1896) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאדת אתונה (1896)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiadhe_Athena_1896" title="Olimpiadhe Athena 1896 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olimpiadhe Athena 1896" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1896 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1896 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_aestiva_1896" title="Olympia aestiva 1896 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympia aestiva 1896" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._gada_vasaras_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les" title="1896. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1896. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Summerspiller_1896" title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1896 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1896" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_m._vasaros_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s" title="1896 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1896 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896._%C3%A9vi_ny%C3%A1ri_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok" title="1896. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1896. évi nyári olimpiai játékok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Летни олимписки игри 1896 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летни олимписки игри 1896" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="१८९६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_1896" title="اوليمبياد صيف 1896 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليمبياد صيف 1896" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B6_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="۱۸۹۶ تابستونی المپیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۹۶ تابستونی المپیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Panas_1896" title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1896 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1896" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="1896 оны Зуны Олимп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1896 оны Зуны Олимп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%89%E1%81%86_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2" title="၁၈၉၆ နွေရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၉၆ နွေရာသီ အိုလံပစ်ပြိုင်ပွဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%93na_1896" title="Atēna 1896 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Atēna 1896" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1896" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1896 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1896" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="१८९६ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="1896年アテネオリンピック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1896年アテネオリンピック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympisk_Somerspalen_1896" title="Olympisk Somerspalen 1896 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Olympisk Somerspalen 1896" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1896" title="Sommer-OL 1896 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommer-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommar-OL_1896" title="Sommar-OL 1896 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommar-OL 1896" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2cs_Olimpics_d%27estiu_de_1896" title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1896 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1896" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A5%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_-_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_1896" title="Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Афине 1896 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Афине 1896" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896-yilgi_Yozgi_Olimpiada_o%CA%BByinlari" title="1896-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1896-yilgi Yozgi Olimpiada oʻyinlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="1896 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1896 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letnie_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_1896" title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1896 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1896" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Ver%C3%A3o_de_1896" title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1896 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1896" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_1896" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1896 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1896" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuwasinyuq_pukllaykuna_1896" title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1896 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1896" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_1896" title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1896 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1896" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="1896 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1896 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Simmer_Olympics" title="1896 Simmer Olympics – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1896 Simmer Olympics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joca_Olimpici_d%C3%BB_1896" title="Joca Olimpici dû 1896 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Joca Olimpici dû 1896" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="1896 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1896 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1896 Summer Olympics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1896" title="Letné olympijské hry 1896 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letné olympijské hry 1896" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletne_olimpijske_igre_1896" title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1896 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1896" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9%D9%A6" title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٨٩٦ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٨٩٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_1896." title="Летње олимпијске игре 1896. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње олимпијске игре 1896." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetne_olimpijske_igre_1896." title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1896. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1896." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1896" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1896 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäolympialaiset 1896" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_sommarspelen_1896" title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1896 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1896" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palarong_Olimpiko_sa_Tag-init_1896" title="Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1896 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1896" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1896 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1896 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1896" title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1896 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1896" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="1896 వేసవి ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1896 వేసవి ఒలింపిక్ క్రీడలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_1896" title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1896 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1896" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1896 Yaz Olimpiyatları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1896 Yaz Olimpiyatları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1896" title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1896 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1896" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1896ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BA%ADn_h%E1%BB%99i_M%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8_1896" title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1896 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1896" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeus_olimpikes_d%27_est%C3%A9_di_1896" title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1896 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1896" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cd%C3%ADje_%C3%92l%C3%ADmp%C3%ADk%C3%AC_%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_Oru_1896" title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1896 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1896" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="1896年奧林匹克運動會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1896年奧林匹克運動會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Multi-sport event in Athens, Greece</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Games of the I Olympiad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg/220px-Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg/330px-Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg/440px-Commemorative_album_of_1896_Olympic_Games_-_cover_by_E._Gilli%C3%A9ron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the official report for the 1896 Summer Olympics</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_countriesnone"><a href="#endnote_countriesnone">[note1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Athletes</th><td class="infobox-data">241 (all men)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_athletesnone"><a href="#endnote_athletesnone">[note2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Events</th><td class="infobox-data">43 in 9 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">sports</a> (10 disciplines)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a>: 6 April 1896<br /><a href="/wiki/Julian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Calendar">Julian Calendar</a>: 24 March 1896</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closing</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">Gregorian Calendar</a>: 15 April 1896<br /><a href="/wiki/Julian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian Calendar">Julian Calendar</a>: 2 April 1896</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">Opened by</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece" title="List of kings of Greece">King</a> <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Stadium</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">Paris 1900</a></span> →</div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1896 Summer Olympics</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1896</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 1896</i></span>), officially known as the <b>Games of the I Olympiad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Αγώνες της 1ης Ολυμπιάδας</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Agónes tis 1is Olympiádas</i></span>) and commonly known as <b>Athens 1896</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Αθήνα 1896</span>), were the first international <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern history</a>. Organised by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC), which had been created by French aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a>, the event was held in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896. </p><p>Fourteen nations (according to the IOC, though the number is subject to interpretation) and 241 athletes (all males; this number is also disputed) took part in the games.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC1896_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC1896-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Participants were all European or living in Europe, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States team</a>, and over 65% of the competing athletes were Greek. Winners were given a <a href="/wiki/Silver_medal" title="Silver medal">silver medal</a>, while runners-up received a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> medal. Retroactively, the IOC has converted these to <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold</a> and silver, respectively, and awarded <a href="/wiki/Bronze_medal" title="Bronze medal">bronze medals</a> to third-placed athletes. Ten of the 14 participating nations earned medals. On April 6, 1896, American <a href="/wiki/James_Brendan_Connolly" title="James Brendan Connolly">James Connolly</a> became the first Olympic medalist in more than 1,500 years, competing in the <a href="/wiki/Triple_jump" title="Triple jump">triple jump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC1896_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC1896-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> won the most gold medals, 11, while host nation Greece won the most medals overall, 47. The highlight for the Greeks was the <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> victory by their compatriot <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Louis" title="Spyridon Louis">Spyridon Louis</a>. The most successful competitor was <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Sport_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport wrestling">wrestler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnast</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a>, who won four events. </p><p>Athens had been unanimously chosen to stage the inaugural modern Games during a congress organised by Coubertin in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 23 June 1894 (during which the IOC was also created) because Greece was the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a>. The main venue was the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a>, where athletics and wrestling took place; other venues included the <a href="/wiki/Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">cycling</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">fencing</a>. The opening ceremony was held in the Panathenaic Stadium on 6 April, during which most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organising committee, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Crown Prince Constantine</a>, his father officially opened the Games. Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Olympic Hymn</a>, composed by <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Samaras" title="Spyridon Samaras">Spyridon Samaras</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Kostis_Palamas" title="Kostis Palamas">Kostis Palamas</a>. </p><p>The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. The Panathenaic Stadium overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 153">: 153 </span></sup> After the Games, Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures, including Greece's <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George</a> and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> were already planned for Paris, and, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">Intercalated Games of 1906</a>, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, 108 years later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviving_the_Games">Reviving the Games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reviving the Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 19th century, several small-scale sports festivals across Europe were named after the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a>. The 1870 <a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Olympics</a> at the Panathenaic stadium, which had been refurbished for the occasion, had an audience of 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 43–44">: 43–44 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogue</a> and historian, adopted <a href="/wiki/William_Penny_Brookes" title="William Penny Brookes">William Penny Brookes</a>' idea to establish a multi-national and <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a>—the ancient games only allowed male athletes of Greek origin to participate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890, Coubertin wrote an article in <i>La Revue Athlétique</i>, which espoused the importance of <a href="/wiki/Much_Wenlock" title="Much Wenlock">Much Wenlock</a>, a rural market town in the English county of <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>. It was here that, in October 1850, the local physician William Penny Brookes founded the <a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Olympian_Games" title="Wenlock Olympian Games">Wenlock Olympian Games</a>, a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quoits" title="Quoits">quoits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organised under the name of <a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Olympics</a> by businessman and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Evangelis_Zappas" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelis Zappas">Evangelis Zappas</a> in 1859, 1870 and 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1896 Athens Games were funded by the legacies of <a href="/wiki/Evangelis_Zappas" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelis Zappas">Evangelis Zappas</a> and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Zappas" title="Konstantinos Zappas">Konstantinos Zappas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 117">: 117 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/George_Averoff" title="George Averoff">George Averoff</a><sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 128">: 128 </span></sup> who had been specifically requested by the Greek government, through <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">crown prince Constantine</a>, to sponsor the second refurbishment of the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a>. The Greek government did this despite the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble already being funded in full by Evangelis Zappas forty years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 14">: 14 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>With deep feeling towards Baron de Coubertin's courteous petition, I send him and the members of the Congress, with my sincere thanks, my best wishes for the revival of the Olympic Games.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">King George</a> of Greece (21 June 1894).<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 102">: 102 </span></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>On 18 June 1894, Coubertin organised a congress at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>, Paris, to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries. Following his proposal's acceptance by the congress, a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen. Coubertin suggested that the Games be held concurrently with the 1900 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Fair">Universal Exposition</a> of Paris. Concerned that a six-year waiting period might lessen public interest, congress members opted instead to hold the inaugural Games in 1896. With a date established, members of the congress turned their attention to the selection of a host city. It remains a mystery how Athens was finally chosen to host the inaugural Games. In the following years, both Coubertin and <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Vikelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Vikelas">Demetrius Vikelas</a> would offer recollections of the selection process that contradicted the official minutes of the congress. Most accounts hold that several congressmen first proposed London as the location, but Coubertin dissented. After a brief discussion with Vikelas, who represented Greece, Coubertin suggested Athens. Vikelas made the Athens proposal official on 23 June, and since Greece had been the original home of the Olympics, the congress unanimously approved the decision. Vikelas was then elected the first president of the newly established <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC).<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 100–105">: 100–105 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>News that the Olympic Games would return to Greece was well received by the Greek public, media, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Family of Greece">royal family</a>. According to Coubertin, "the Crown Prince Constantine learned with great pleasure that the Games will be inaugurated in Athens." Coubertin went on to confirm that, "the King and the Crown Prince will confer their patronage on the holding of these games." Constantine later conferred more than that; he eagerly assumed the presidency of the 1896 organising committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 108">: 108 </span></sup> </p><p>However, the country had financial troubles and was in political turmoil. The job of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Greece">prime minister</a> alternated between <a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Charilaos Trikoupis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Deligiannis" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoros Deligiannis">Theodoros Deligiannis</a> frequently during the last years of the 19th century. Because of this financial and political instability, both prime minister Trikoupis and <a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Dragoumis" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanos Dragoumis">Stephanos Dragoumis</a>, the president of the Zappas Olympic Committee, which had attempted to organise a series of national Olympiads, believed that Greece could not host the event.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 111–118">: 111–118 </span></sup> In late 1894, the organising committee under <a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Skouloudis" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanos Skouloudis">Stephanos Skouloudis</a> presented a report that the cost of the Games would be three times higher than originally estimated by Coubertin. They concluded the Games could not be held and offered their resignation. The total cost of the Games was 3,740,000 gold <a href="/wiki/Modern_drachma" title="Modern drachma">drachmas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg/220px-Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg/330px-Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg/440px-Demetrius_Vikelas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Vikelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Vikelas">Demetrius Vikelas</a>, the first president of the International Olympic Committee, was credited with the successful organisation of the 1896 Games</figcaption></figure> <p>With the prospect of reviving the Olympic games very much in doubt, Coubertin and Vikelas commenced a campaign to keep the Olympic movement alive. Their efforts culminated on 7 January 1895 when Vikelas announced that crown prince Constantine would assume the presidency of the organising committee. His first responsibility was to raise the funds necessary to host the Games. He relied on the patriotism of the Greek people to motivate them to provide the required finances.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 118">: 118 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantine's enthusiasm sparked a wave of contributions from the Greek public. This grassroots effort raised 330,000 drachmas. A special set of postage stamps was commissioned; the sale of which raised 400,000 drachmas. Ticket sales added 200,000 drachmas. At the request of Constantine, businessman <a href="/wiki/George_Averoff" title="George Averoff">George Averoff</a> agreed to pay for the restoration of the Panathenaic Stadium. Averoff would donate 920,000 drachmas<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 128">: 128 </span></sup> to this project.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a tribute to his generosity, a statue of Averoff was constructed and unveiled on 5 April 1896 outside the stadium. It stands there to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the athletes would take part in the Games because they happened to be in Athens at the time the Games were held, either on holiday or for work (e.g., some of the British competitors worked for the British <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">embassy</a>). A designated <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Village" title="Olympic Village">Olympic Village</a> for the athletes did not appear until the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Summer Olympics</a>. Consequently, the athletes had to provide their own lodging. </p><p>The first regulation voted on by the new IOC in 1894 was to allow only amateur athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various contests were thus held under amateur regulations with the exception of fencing matches.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rules and regulations were not uniform, so the Organising Committee had to choose among the codes of the various national athletic associations. The jury, the referees and the game director bore the same names as in antiquity (<i>Ephor</i>, <i>Helanodic</i> and <i>Alitarc</i>). <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George of Greece">Prince George</a> acted as final referee; according to Coubertin, "his presence gave weight and authority to the decisions of the ephors".<sup id="cite_ref-C46-47_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C46-47-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women were not entitled to compete at the 1896 Summer Olympics, because de Coubertin felt that their inclusion would be "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic and incorrect".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues">Venues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/220px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/330px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg/440px-Panathinaiko_Stadium_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4959" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Seven venues were used for the 1896 Summer Olympics. <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a> was the main venue, hosting four of the nine sports contested. The town of <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a> served as host to the <a href="/wiki/Marathon_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon (sport)">marathon</a> event and the <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">individual road race</a> events. <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a> was held in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport shooting">sport shooting</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a>. Tennis was a sport unfamiliar to Greeks at the time of the 1896 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-tennis_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tennis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bay of Zea is a <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a> in the Athens area;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was used as the swimming venue because the organizers of the Games wanted to avoid spending money on constructing a special purpose swimming venue.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four of the 1896 venues were reused as competition venues for the 2004 Games. The <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> would be renovated into a <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a> stadium in 1964 and was known as <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This venue was renovated in 2003 for use as a <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics">football</a> venue for the 2004 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 324">: 324 </span></sup> During the 2004 Games, Panathinaiko Stadium served as host for <a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics">archery</a> competitions and was the finish line for the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">athletic marathon</a> event.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 237, 242">: 237, 242 </span></sup> The city of Marathon itself served as the starting point for both marathon events during the 2004 Games.<sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 242">: 242 </span></sup> The Zappeion served as the first home of the organizing committee (ATHOC) for the 2004 Games from 1998 to 1999, and served as the main communications center during those Games.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-offrep2004_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="780px"> <tbody><tr> <th width="40%">Venue </th> <th class="unsortable" width="45%">Sports </th> <th width="10%">Capacity </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis</a></td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-tennis_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tennis-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a></td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a></td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84">: 84 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon">Marathon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_road_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's road race">Individual road race</a>).</td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86–90,100–102">: 86–90,100–102 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a></td> <td>Cycling (track)</td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 31–49">: 31–49 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a></td> <td>Athletics, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a></td> <td align="right">80,000 </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-offrep1986_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offrep1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></td> <td align="right">Not listed. </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar">Calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; position:relative; width:75%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#0c3;"> <b>OC</b> </td> <td>Opening ceremony </td> <td style="background:#39f;">  ● </td> <td>Event competitions </td> <td style="background:silver;"> <b>1</b> </td> <td>Event finals </td> <td style="background:#e33;"> <b>CC</b> </td> <td>Closing ceremony </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em; width:75%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:18%;" colspan="2">April 1896 </th> <th style="width:4%;">6th<br />Mon </th> <th style="width:4%;">7th<br />Tue </th> <th style="width:4%;">8th<br />Wed </th> <th style="width:4%;">9th<br />Thu </th> <th style="width:4%;">10th<br />Fri </th> <th style="width:4%;">11th<br />Sat </th> <th style="width:4%;">12th<br />Sun </th> <th style="width:4%;">13th<br />Mon </th> <th style="width:4%;">14th<br />Tue </th> <th style="width:4%;">15th<br />Wed </th> <th style="width:6%;">Events </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span class="nowrap">‡ Ceremonies</span></td> <td style="background-color:#00cc33;"><b>OC</b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background-color:#ee3333;"><b>CC</b></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athletics_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/20px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/30px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>5</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>12</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_(road)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Road cycling</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>6</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_(track)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28track%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Track cycling</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>3</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fencing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/20px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/30px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/40px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnastics_(artistic)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>6</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shooting_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/20px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/30px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/40px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swimming_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/20px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/30px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/40px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>4</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennis_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/20px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/30px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/40px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/20px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/30px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/40px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>2</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/20px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/30px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#39f;">●  </td> <td style="background:silver;"><b>1</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Daily final events</th> <th>2</th> <th>8</th> <th>1</th> <th>9</th> <th>8</th> <th>12</th> <th>2</th> <th>1</th> <th>0</th> <th>0</th> <th rowspan="2">43 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Cumulative total</th> <th>2</th> <th>10</th> <th>11</th> <th>20</th> <th>28</th> <th>40</th> <th>42</th> <th>43</th> <th>43</th> <th>43 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:18%;" colspan="2">April 1896 </th> <th style="width:4%;">6th<br />Mon </th> <th style="width:4%;">7th<br />Tue </th> <th style="width:4%;">8th<br />Wed </th> <th style="width:4%;">9th<br />Thu </th> <th style="width:4%;">10th<br />Fri </th> <th style="width:4%;">11th<br />Sat </th> <th style="width:4%;">12th<br />Sun </th> <th style="width:4%;">13th<br />Mon </th> <th style="width:4%;">14th<br />Tue </th> <th style="width:4%;">15th<br />Wed </th> <th rowspan="2">Total events </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p>‡ The iconic <a href="/wiki/Olympic_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic rings">Olympic rings</a> symbol was not designed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Baron Pierre de Coubertin</a> until 1912. </p><p><b>Note:</b> Silver medals were awarded to the winners, with copper medals given to the runners-up, and no prizes were given to those who came in 3rd place in any events. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opening_ceremony">Opening ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Opening ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/220px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/440px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>The opening ceremony in the Panathenaic Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> 6 April (25 March according to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> then in use in Greece), the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened.<sup id="cite_ref-Coubertin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coubertin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panathenaic Stadium was filled with an estimated 80,000 spectators, including King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a>, his wife <a href="/wiki/Olga_Konstantinova_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Olga Konstantinova of Russia">Olga</a>, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organising committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games with the words (in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Greek</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-IOCA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I declare the opening of the first international Olympic Games in Athens. Long live the Nation. Long live the Greek people."</p></blockquote> <p>Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Olympic Hymn</a>, composed by <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Samaras" title="Spyridon Samaras">Spyridon Samaras</a>, with words by poet <a href="/wiki/Kostis_Palamas" title="Kostis Palamas">Kostis Palamas</a>. Thereafter, a variety of musical offerings provided the backgrounds to the Opening Ceremonies until <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>, since which time the Samaras/Palamas composition has become the official Olympic Anthem (decision taken by the IOC Session in 1958). Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later: the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a> was first lit in <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>, the first athletes' oath was sworn at the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a>, and the first officials' oath was taken at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOCA_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 1894 Sorbonne Congress, a large roster of sports was suggested for the program in Athens. </p><p>The first official announcements regarding the sporting events to be held featured sports such as football and cricket,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but these plans were not finalised, and these sports did not make the final program for the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">Rowing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">sailing</a> events were also scheduled but were cancelled on the planned days of competition: sailing due to a lack of special boats in Greece and no foreign entries, and rowing due to poor weather.<sup id="cite_ref-C98-99_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C98-99-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 99–100, 109">: 99–100, 109 </span></sup> </p><p>As a result, the 1896 Summer Olympics programme featured 9 sports encompassing 10 disciplines and 43 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/20px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/30px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> <small>(12)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> <ul><li>Road <small>(1)</small></li> <li>Track <small>(5)</small></li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/20px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/30px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/40px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> <small>(3)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a> <small>(8)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/20px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/30px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/40px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a> <small>(5)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/20px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/30px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/40px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> <small>(4)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/20px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/30px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tennis_pictogram.svg/40px-Tennis_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis</a> <small>(2)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/20px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/30px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/40px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a> <small>(2)</small></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/20px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/30px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> <small>(1)</small></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The athletics events had the most international field of any of the sports. The major highlight was the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon">marathon</a>, held for the first time in international competition. <a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Louis" title="Spyridon Louis">Spyridon Louis</a>, a previously unrecognised water carrier, won the event to become the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero. Although Greece had been favoured to win the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_discus_throw" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw">discus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_shot_put" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put">shot put</a>, the best Greek athletes finished just behind the American <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garrett" title="Robert Garrett">Robert Garrett</a> in both events.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 153">: 153 </span></sup> </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/World_record" title="World record">world records</a> were set, as few top international competitors had elected to compete. In addition, the curves of the track were very tight, making fast times in the running events virtually impossible. Despite this, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burke_(athlete)" title="Thomas Burke (athlete)">Thomas Burke</a>, of the United States, won the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres">100-meter</a> race in 12.0 seconds and the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres">400-meter</a> race in 54.2 seconds. Burke was the only one who used the "<a href="/wiki/Crouch_start" class="mw-redirect" title="Crouch start">crouch start</a>" (putting his knee on soil), confusing the jury. Eventually, he was allowed to start from this "uncomfortable position".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masson_flameng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg/220px-Masson_flameng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg/330px-Masson_flameng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Masson_flameng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Frenchmen <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Flameng" title="Léon Flameng">Léon Flameng</a> <i>(left)</i> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Masson_(cyclist)" title="Paul Masson (cyclist)">Paul Masson</a> won four cycling events</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg/220px-Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg/330px-Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Leonidas_Pyrgos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Fencer <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Pyrgos" title="Leonidas Pyrgos">Leonidas Pyrgos</a> became the first Greek modern Olympic champion by winning the masters foil competition</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg/220px-Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Schuhmann_flatow_weingartner.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>The German individual gymnastics champions: Schuhmann, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Flatow" title="Alfred Flatow">Flatow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weing%C3%A4rtner" title="Hermann Weingärtner">Weingärtner</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> claims one athlete, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Subercaseaux" title="Luis Subercaseaux">Luis Subercaseaux</a>, who competed for the nation at the 1896 Summer Olympics. This makes Chile one of the 14 nations to appear at the inaugural Summer Olympic Games. Subercaseaux's results are not listed in the official report, though that report typically includes only winners and Subercaseaux won no medals.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (July 2024)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> Some sources<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (July 2024)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> claim that he was entered to compete in the 100m, 400m and 800m events but did not start.<sup id="cite_ref-Subercaseaux_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subercaseaux-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An appraisal of a famous photo of series 2 of the 100 meters sprint, performed by facial recognition experts of the <a href="/wiki/Investigations_Police_of_Chile" title="Investigations Police of Chile">Chilean forensic police</a>, concluded that Subercaseaux was one of the participants.<sup id="cite_ref-LUN_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUN-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day after the official marathon, <a href="/wiki/Stamata_Revithi" title="Stamata Revithi">Stamata Revithi</a> ran the 40-kilometer course in 5 hours 30 minutes, finishing outside <a href="/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Panathinaiko Stadium">Panathinaiko Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some of the authors, who believe that "Melpomene" and Revithi are the same person, attribute to the latter the more favorable time of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was denied entry into the official race as the 1896 Olympics <a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Women at the Olympics">excluded women from competition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The rules of the <a href="/wiki/International_Cycling_Association" title="International Cycling Association">International Cycling Association</a> were used for the cycling competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Coubertin_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coubertin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 46–47">: 46–47 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a> events were held at the newly built <a href="/wiki/Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a>. Only one road event was held, a race from Athens to Marathon and back (87 kilometres). </p><p>In the track events, the best cyclist was Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Masson_(cyclist)" title="Paul Masson (cyclist)">Paul Masson</a>, who won the one lap <a href="/wiki/Time_trial" title="Time trial">time trial</a>, the sprint event, and the 10,000 meters. In the 100 kilometres event, Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Flameng" title="Léon Flameng">Léon Flameng</a>. Flameng won the event, after a fall, and after stopping to wait for his Greek opponent <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kolettis" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgios Kolettis">Georgios Kolettis</a> to fix a mechanical problem. The Austrian fencer <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Schmal" title="Adolf Schmal">Adolf Schmal</a> won the 12-hour race, which was completed by only two cyclists, while the road race event was won by <a href="/wiki/Aristidis_Konstantinidis" title="Aristidis Konstantinidis">Aristidis Konstantinidis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LW_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LW-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fencing">Fencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The fencing events were held in the <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a>, which, built with money <a href="/wiki/Evangelis_Zappas" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelis Zappas">Evangelis Zappas</a> had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games, had never seen any athletic contests before.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 148">: 148 </span></sup> Unlike other sports (in which only amateurs were allowed to take part at the Olympics), professionals were authorised to compete in fencing, though in a separate event. These professionals were considered gentlemen athletes, just like the amateurs.<sup id="cite_ref-C46-47_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C46-47-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four events were scheduled, but the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée">épée</a> event was cancelled for unknown reasons. The <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_foil" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's foil">foil event</a> was won by a Frenchman, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne-Henri_Gravelotte" title="Eugène-Henri Gravelotte">Eugène-Henri Gravelotte</a>, who beat his countryman, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Callot" title="Henri Callot">Henri Callot</a>, in the final.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 148">: 148 </span></sup> The other two events, the <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_sabre" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre">sabre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_masters_foil" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's masters foil">masters foil</a>, were won by Greek fencers. <a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Pyrgos" title="Leonidas Pyrgos">Leonidas Pyrgos</a>, who won the latter event, became the first Greek Olympic champion in the modern era.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>The gymnastics competition was carried out on the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium. Germany sent an 11-man team, which won five of the eight events, including both team events: in the team event on the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_horizontal_bar" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's team horizontal bar">horizontal bar</a>, the German team was the only entry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Three Germans added individual titles: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weing%C3%A4rtner" title="Hermann Weingärtner">Hermann Weingärtner</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_horizontal_bar" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar">horizontal bar event</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Flatow" title="Alfred Flatow">Alfred Flatow</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_parallel_bars" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's parallel bars">parallel bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a>, who also won the wrestling event, won the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_vault" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's vault">vault</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zutter" title="Louis Zutter">Louis Zutter</a>, a Swiss gymnast, won the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_pommel_horse" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's pommel horse">pommel horse</a>, while Greeks <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Mitropoulos" title="Ioannis Mitropoulos">Ioannis Mitropoulos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Andriakopoulos" title="Nikolaos Andriakopoulos">Nikolaos Andriakopoulos</a> were victorious in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rings" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rings">rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rope_climbing" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's rope climbing">rope climbing</a> events, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 151">: 151 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailing_and_rowing">Sailing and rowing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sailing and rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg/220px-BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg/330px-BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg/440px-BASA-3K-7-422-21-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>German team at the 1896 Summer Olympics</figcaption></figure> <p>A regatta of sailing boats was on the program of the Games of the First Olympiad for 31 March 1896 (Julian calendar). However this event had to be given up. </p><p>The official English report states:<sup id="cite_ref-C98-99_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C98-99-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 99–100">: 99–100 </span></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Regatta could not take place because some special boats embarkation had not been provided for.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Charalambos Anninos</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The German version states: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The sailing competitions were cancelled because neither had we provided the special boats for it, nor had foreign applicants registered.</p></blockquote> <p>Rowing races were scheduled for the next day, 1 April 1896 (Julian); however, poor weather forced their cancellation. </p><p>The official English report states:<sup id="cite_ref-C98-99_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C98-99-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 109">: 109 </span></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The regatta was therefore postponed to three o'clock in the afternoon. In the afternoon however the storm was still on the increase, some of the lighter embarkations were thrown on the shore by the violence of the waves, and the elements continued to rage with such fury that every idea of a boatrace had to be given up.</p></blockquote> <p>The German rower, Berthold Küttner, wrote several articles about the 1896 Games that were published in his Berlin rowing club's magazine in 1936 and reprinted in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Olympic_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Olympic History">Journal of Olympic History</a> in 2012. He stated that he and Adolf Jäger had lined up for the start of the <a href="/wiki/Double_sculls" class="mw-redirect" title="Double sculls">double sculls</a> event. He further wrote that "The double scull would be the first to start because the wind had become much stronger. On a fishing boat we took our double scull to the starting line. We already had problems getting into the double scull because of the swells. From our opponents no one had appeared – although both Greeks and Italians had applied. Because a longer wait for them seemed pointless, the starter told us to sail without competition. </p><p>"After the official salutation and presentation in the Court Loge, where many of the attendees could not hide a laugh about my clothing, Prince George, President of the Committee, praised me for our appearance at the racing track and presented me with the winners medal in bronze. At the same time he also gave me one for <i>Bundesbruder</i> Jäger. The commemorative medal, which each of the participants received, had already been presented to us earlier." </p><p>He went on to state that the single sculls and race for naval boats were postponed until the following day, then ultimately cancelled when the weather worsened. The <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> does not recognize any of this.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting">Shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Held at a range at <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a>, the shooting competition consisted of five events—two using a rifle and three with the <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a>. The first event, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_200_metre_military_rifle" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre military rifle">the military rifle</a>, was won by <a href="/wiki/Pantelis_Karasevdas" title="Pantelis Karasevdas">Pantelis Karasevdas</a>, the only competitor to hit the target with all of his shots. The second event, for <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_25_metre_military_pistol" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre military pistol">military pistols</a>, was dominated by two American brothers: <a href="/wiki/John_Paine_(sharpshooter)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paine (sharpshooter)">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumner_Paine" title="Sumner Paine">Sumner Paine</a>. They became the first siblings to finish first and second in the same event. To avoid embarrassing their hosts, the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event, the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_30_metre_free_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 30 metre free pistol">free pistol</a>. Sumner Paine won that event, thereby becoming the first relative of an Olympic champion to become Olympic champion himself.<sup id="cite_ref-CP76,83_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP76,83-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Paine brothers did not compete in the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_25_metre_rapid_fire_pistol" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol">25-meter pistol event</a>, as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required calibre. In their absence, <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Phrangoudis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannis Phrangoudis">Ioannis Phrangoudis</a> won. The final event, the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_300_metre_free_rifle,_three_positions" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions">free rifle</a>, began on the same day. However, the event could not be completed due to darkness and was finalised the next morning, when <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Orphanidis" title="Georgios Orphanidis">Georgios Orphanidis</a> was crowned the champion.<sup id="cite_ref-CP76,83_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP76,83-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming">Swimming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Swimming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/220px-Hajos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/330px-Hajos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hajos.jpg/440px-Hajos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alfr%C3%A9d_Haj%C3%B3s" title="Alfréd Hajós">Alfréd Hajós</a>, the first Olympic champion in swimming, is one of only two Olympians to have won medals in both sport and art competitions</figcaption></figure> <p>The swimming competition was held in the open sea because the organizers had refused to spend the money necessary for a specially constructed stadium. Nearly 20,000 spectators lined the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> coast to watch the events. The water in the bay was cold, and the competitors suffered during their races. There were three open events (<a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle">men's 100-metre freestyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_500_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 500 metre freestyle">men's 500-metre freestyle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1200_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 1200 metre freestyle">men's 1200 metre freestyle</a>), in addition to a <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_sailors_100_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle">special event open only to Greek sailors</a>, all of which were held on the same day (11 April).<sup id="cite_ref-LW_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LW-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Alfr%C3%A9d_Haj%C3%B3s" title="Alfréd Hajós">Alfréd Hajós</a> of Hungary, this meant he could only compete in two of the events, as they were held too close together, which made it impossible for him to adequately recuperate. Nevertheless, he won the two events in which he swam, the 100 and 1200 meter <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_swimming" title="Freestyle swimming">freestyle</a>. Hajós later became one of only two Olympians to win a medal in both the athletic and <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">artistic competitions</a>, when he won a silver medal for architecture in 1924. The 500-meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Neumann_(swimmer)" title="Paul Neumann (swimmer)">Paul Neumann</a>, who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tennis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <p>Although tennis was already a major sport by the end of the 19th century, none of the top players turned up for the tournament in Athens. The competition was held at the courts of the <a href="/wiki/Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a>, and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events. <a href="/wiki/John_Pius_Boland" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pius Boland">John Pius Boland</a>, who won the event, had been entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford; the Greek, Konstantinos Manos. As a member of the Athens Lawn Tennis sub-committee, Manos had been trying, with the assistance of Boland, to recruit competitors for the Athens Games from among the sporting circles of Oxford University. In the first round, Boland defeated <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Traun" title="Friedrich Traun">Friedrich Traun</a>, a promising tennis player from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, who had been eliminated in the 100-meter sprint competition. Boland and Traun decided to team up for the doubles event, in which they reached the final and defeated their Greek opponents after losing the first set.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weightlifting">Weightlifting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Weightlifting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_Elliot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Launceston_Elliot.jpg/220px-Launceston_Elliot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Launceston_Elliot.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Elliot" title="Launceston Elliot">Launceston Elliot</a>, winner of the one-armed weightlifting event, was popular with the Greek audience, who found him very handsome</figcaption></figure> <p>The sport of weightlifting was still young in 1896, and the rules differed from those in use today. Competitions were held outdoors, in the infield of the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">main stadium</a>, and there were no weight limits. The first event was held in a style now known as the "<a href="/wiki/Clean_and_jerk" title="Clean and jerk">clean and jerk</a>". Two competitors stood out: Scotsman <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Elliot" title="Launceston Elliot">Launceston Elliot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viggo_Jensen" title="Viggo Jensen">Viggo Jensen</a> of Denmark. Both of them lifted the same weight, but the jury, with Prince George as the chairman, ruled that Jensen had done so in a better style. The British delegation, unfamiliar with this tie-breaking rule, lodged a protest. The lifters were eventually allowed to make further attempts, but neither lifter improved, and Jensen was declared the champion.<sup id="cite_ref-C70-71_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C70-71-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elliot got his revenge in the <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_one_hand_lift" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's one hand lift">one hand lift</a> event, which was held immediately after the two-handed one. Jensen had been slightly injured during his last two-handed attempt and was no match for Elliot, who won the competition easily. The Greek audience was charmed by the Scottish victor, whom they considered very attractive. A curious incident occurred during the weightlifting event: a servant was ordered to remove the weights, which appeared to be a difficult task for him. Prince George came to his assistance; he picked up the weight and threw it a considerable distance with ease, to the delight of the crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-C70-71_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C70-71-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrestling">Wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/220px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/330px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg/440px-Schuhmann_lotta_atene_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tsitas" title="Georgios Tsitas">Georgios Tsitas</a> shake hands before the final match of the wrestling competition</figcaption></figure> <p>No weight classes existed for the wrestling competition, held in the Panathenaic Stadium, which meant that there would only be one winner among competitors of all sizes. The rules used were similar to modern <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a>, although there was no time limit, and not all leg holds were forbidden (in contrast to current rules). </p><p>Apart from the two Greek contestants, all the competitors had previously been active in other sports. Weightlifting champion Launceston Elliot faced gymnastics champion <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a>. The latter won and advanced into the final, where he met <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tsitas" title="Georgios Tsitas">Georgios Tsitas</a>, who had previously defeated <a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Christopoulos" title="Stephanos Christopoulos">Stephanos Christopoulos</a>. Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes; it was continued the following day, when Schuhmann needed only fifteen minutes to finish the bout.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closing_ceremony">Closing ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Closing ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/1896_Olympic_medal.jpg/275px-1896_Olympic_medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/1896_Olympic_medal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>A silver medal was awarded to the winner of each event. The current system of gold, silver, and bronze medals was not implemented until the <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Olympic Games</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of Sunday 12 April (or 31 March, according to the Julian calendar then used in Greece), King George organised a banquet for officials and athletes (even though some competitions had not yet been held). During his speech, he made clear that, as far as he was concerned, the Olympics should be held in Athens permanently. The official closing ceremony was held the following Wednesday after being postponed from Tuesday due to rain. Again, the royal family attended the ceremony, which was opened by the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Greece">national anthem of Greece</a> and an ode composed in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_S._Robertson" title="George S. Robertson">George S. Robertson</a>, a British athlete and scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-Coubertin_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coubertin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 50">: 50 </span></sup> </p><p>Afterwards, the king awarded prizes to the winners. Unlike today, the first-place winners received a silver medal, an <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> branch and a diploma, while runners-up received a copper medal, a <a href="/wiki/Bay_Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Laurel">laurel</a> branch and a diploma.<sup id="cite_ref-official_report_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official_report-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Third place winners did not receive a prize. </p><p>Some winners also received additional prizes, such as Spyridon Louis, who received a cup from <a href="/wiki/Michel_Br%C3%A9al" title="Michel Bréal">Michel Bréal</a>, a friend of Coubertin, who had conceived the marathon event. Louis then led the medalists on a lap of honour around the stadium, while the Olympic Hymn was played again. The King then formally announced that the first Olympiad was at an end and left the Stadium, while the band played the Greek national hymn and the crowd cheered.<sup id="cite_ref-C50_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C50-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the Greek king, many others supported the idea of holding the next Games in Athens; most of the American competitors signed a letter to the Crown Prince expressing this wish. Coubertin, however, was heavily opposed to this idea, as he envisioned international rotation as one of the cornerstones of the modern Olympics. According to his wish, the next Games were held in Paris, although they would be somewhat overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">concurrent Universal Exposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 156">: 156 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participating_nations">Participating nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Participating nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/220px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/330px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/440px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Participating countries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png/220px-1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png/330px-1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png/440px-1896_Summer_olympics_team_numbers.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Number of athletes from each country</figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of national teams was not a major part of the Olympic movement until the <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">Intercalated Games</a> 10 years later, though many sources list the nationality of competitors in 1896 and give medal counts. There are significant conflicts with regard to which nations competed. The International Olympic Committee gives a figure of 14, but does not list them.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC1896_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC1896-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following 14 are most likely the ones recognised by the IOC. Olympedia lists 13, excluding Chile;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other sources list 12, excluding Chile and Bulgaria; others list 13, including those two but excluding Italy. Egypt is also sometimes included because of the participation of <a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kasdaglis" title="Dimitrios Kasdaglis">Dimitrios Kasdaglis</a>, a Greek national who resided in Alexandria after living in Great Britain for years. Belgium and Russia had entered the names of competitors but withdrew. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Participating Nations </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ol><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Australia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Prior to 1901</a> Australia was not a unified nation but six separately administered British colonies, but the results of <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Flack" title="Edwin Flack">Edwin Flack</a> are typically given with him listed as Australian. This is a modern convention, because the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Olympic_Committee" title="Australian Olympic Committee">Australian Olympic Committee</a> was only founded in 1920. The concept of "national teams" chosen by <a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">National Olympic Committees</a> did not exist at this point in time.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Austria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(3)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span> – The <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Olympic_Committee" title="Bulgarian Olympic Committee">Bulgarian Olympic Committee</a> claims that gymnast <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champaud" title="Charles Champaud">Charles Champaud</a> was competing as a Bulgarian.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Champaud was a Swiss national living in Bulgaria. Mallon and de Wael both list Champaud as Swiss.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olympedia listed him as a member of the Bulgarian team of Swiss nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Chile</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span> – The Chilean Olympic Committee claims to have had one athlete, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Subercaseaux" title="Luis Subercaseaux">Luis Subercaseaux</a>, compete in the 100, 400, and 800-meter races in the athletics programme.<sup id="cite_ref-LUN_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUN-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If so, he was 13 years old at the Olympics. No further details are given, and no mention is made of Subercaseaux in de Wael, or the Official Report. Olympedia claims that he was entered to compete in the 100m, 400m and 800m events but did not start.<sup id="cite_ref-Subercaseaux_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subercaseaux-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(3)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1896 Summer Olympics">France</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(12)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(19)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(10)</span> Tennis champion <a href="/wiki/John_Boland_(Irish_nationalist_politician)" title="John Boland (Irish nationalist politician)">John Boland</a> became a prominent <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish nationalist">Irish nationalist</a>; his daughter <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Boland" title="Bridget Boland">Bridget</a> later claimed that he had objected when the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> was raised to mark his doubles triumph, pointing out that Ireland had its own <a href="/wiki/Green_harp_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Green harp flag">green harp flag</a>, following which the organisers apologised and agreed to prepare an Irish flag.<sup id="cite_ref-MacCarthy30_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacCarthy30-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While historian Kevin MacCarthy is sceptical of this story, by 1906, Boland was crediting his medals to Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-MacCarthy30_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacCarthy30-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the IOC website, his singles gold is credited to Great Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although a photograph captioned his nationality as "IRL/GBR".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(169)</span> – Greek results typically include the results of competitors from Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources give Cypriot results separately, though most count <a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Andreou" title="Anastasios Andreou">Anastasios Andreou</a>, a Greek-Cypriot and the only athlete from Cyprus, as Greek (Cyprus was a protectorate of the United Kingdom at the time). Kasdaglis, an athlete of Greek origins living in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt, is listed by the IOC as Greek during both his competition in the <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's singles">singles tennis</a> competition and the <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles">doubles tennis</a> competition along with his teammate, the Greek athlete <a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Petrokokkinos" title="Demetrios Petrokokkinos">Demetrios Petrokokkinos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOCTennisDoubles_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCTennisDoubles-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(7)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Italy</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span> – The most prominent Italian involved with the games, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Airoldi" title="Carlo Airoldi">Carlo Airoldi</a>, was deemed a professional and excluded from competition. However, the shooter <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Rivabella" title="Giuseppe Rivabella">Giuseppe Rivabella</a> was also Italian and did compete.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/22px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/33px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/44px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(3)</span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(14)</span></li></ol> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/22px-Olympic_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/33px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/44px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_team_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Mixed team at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Mixed team</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis doubles</a> teams could consist of players from different countries; the IOC labels these Mixed Teams.<sup id="cite_ref-IOCTennisDoubles_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOCTennisDoubles-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committees">Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National Olympic Committees did not yet exist. Over 65% of all athletes were Greek. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Athletes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></td> <td align="center">169 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></td> <td align="center">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a></td> <td align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1896 Summer Olympics">France</a></td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></td> <td align="center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></td> <td align="center">2/3 <sup id="cite_ref-Champaud_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Champaud-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/22px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/33px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/44px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></td> <td align="center">0/1<sup id="cite_ref-Champaud_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Champaud-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="text-align:right; border:0px; background:#fff;"><b>Total</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; border:0px; background:#fff;"><b>243</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medal_count">Medal count</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Medal count"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" title="1896 Summer Olympics medal table">1896 Summer Olympics medal table</a></div> <p>Ten of the 14 participating nations earned medals, in addition to two medals won by <a href="/wiki/Mixed_team_at_the_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed team at the Olympics">mixed teams</a> (teams made up of athletes from multiple nations). The IOC has retroactively assigned gold, silver and bronze medals to the three best placed athletes in each event to comport with more recent traditions. In this regard, five of the bronze medalists at the Games are unknown: two in swimming and three in gymnastics. </p><p>The United States won the most gold medals (11), while host nation Greece won the most medals overall (47), as well as the most silver (18) and bronze (19) medals, finishing with one fewer gold medal than the United States, though having 155 athletes more than the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sort_both.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Sort_both.gif" decoding="async" width="21" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="9" /></a></span> icon next to the column title.</i> </p><p><b>Key</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: solid 1px #AAAAAA;background-color:#ccf; color:black;"> </span> Host nation (Greece)</span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output 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.sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style><table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:center"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" style="color:inherit">Rank</th><th scope="col">Nation</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:gold;color:#333">Gold</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:silver;color:#333">Silver</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:#c96;color:#333">Bronze</th><th scope="col" style="width:4em">Total</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span></th><td>11</td><td>7</td><td>2</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#ccccff;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(GRE)</span>*</th><td>10</td><td>18</td><td>19</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(GER)</span></th><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1896 Summer Olympics">France</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(FRA)</span></th><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(GBR)</span></th><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(HUN)</span></th><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Austria</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(AUT)</span></th><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Australia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(AUS)</span></th><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span></th><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(SUI)</span></th><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/22px-Olympic_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/33px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Olympic_flag.svg/44px-Olympic_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_team_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Mixed team at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Mixed team</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ZZX)</span></th><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold">Totals (11 entries)</th><th style="font-weight:bold">43</th><th style="font-weight:bold">43</th><th style="font-weight:bold">36</th><th style="font-weight:bold">122</th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podium_sweeps">Podium sweeps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Podium sweeps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Event </th> <th>NOC </th> <th>Gold </th> <th>Silver </th> <th>Bronze </th></tr> <tr> <td>7 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_long_jump" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump">Men's long jump</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellery_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellery Clark">Ellery Clark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garrett" title="Robert Garrett">Robert Garrett</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Brendan_Connolly" title="James Brendan Connolly">James Connolly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_200_metre_military_rifle" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre military rifle">Men's 200 metre military rifle</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantelis_Karasevdas" title="Pantelis Karasevdas">Pantelis Karasevdas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavlos_Pavlidis" title="Pavlos Pavlidis">Pavlos Pavlidis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolaos_Trikupis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaos Trikupis">Nicolaos Trikupis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_high_jump" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump">Men's high jump</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellery_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellery Clark">Ellery Clark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garrett" title="Robert Garrett">Robert Garrett</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Brendan_Connolly" title="James Brendan Connolly">James Connolly</a> </td> <td><i>Not awarded</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_sailors_100_metre_freestyle" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle">Men's sailors 100 metre freestyle</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Malokinis" title="Ioannis Malokinis">Ioannis Malokinis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Chazapis" title="Spyridon Chazapis">Spyridon Chazapis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Drivas" title="Dimitrios Drivas">Dimitrios Drivas</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_countriesnone"><a href="#ref_countriesnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> The number of countries, given by the International Olympic Committee, is open to interpretation and could be between 10 and 15. There are numerous reasons for the disparity: national teams hardly existed at the time, with most athletes representing themselves or their clubs, and countries were not always as well-defined as they are today. The number of countries here reflects the number used by most modern sources, including the International Olympic Committee website. See <a href="#Participating_nations">the relevant section</a> for further details.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_athletesnone"><a href="#ref_athletesnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> The number of competitors given according to the International Olympic Committee. Mallon & Widlund give a total of 245 athletes, while De Wael gives 246. The identities of 179 athletes at the Games are known.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 13 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+%E2%80%93+Opening+Ceremony+of+the+Games+of+the+Olympiad&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstillmed.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReference_documents_Factsheets%2FOpening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC1896-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOC1896_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC1896_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC1896_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896">"Athens 1896 Summer Olympics"</a>. International Olympic Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+1896+Summer+Olympics&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fathens-1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1996" class="citation book cs1">Young, David C. (1996). <i>The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-7207-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-7207-3"><bdi>0-8018-7207-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Olympics%3A+A+Struggle+for+Revival&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8018-7207-3&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bijkerk (2004), 457</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toohey (2007), 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mullins, "Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthews (2005), 66; Young (1996), 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memoire sure le conflit entre la Grece et la Roumanie concernant l'affaire Zappa – Athens 1893, by F. Martens</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L'affaire Zappa – Paris 1894, by G. Streit</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zarnowski (1992), 16–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Young (2004), 153, "Vikelas and the other Greeks did most of the work. Coubertin did very little."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darling (2004), 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/08/04/101824945.pdf">"George Averoff Dead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 4 August 1899. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911074311/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/08/04/101824945.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Averoff+Dead&rft.date=1899-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1899%2F08%2F04%2F101824945.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some scholars allege that during the Sorbonne congress Coubertin was led by tactical considerations, and used the amateur requirement only as a bait in order to realize his actual aim—namely the reintroduction of the Olympic Games—more quickly (Lennartz–Wassong [2004]), 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Professionalism vs amateurism was one of the dominant themes of the 19th century regarding athletics. In Greece the amateurism of athletes debate was taken a step further to encompass the question of the participation of the lower classes in the Games. In 1870, during the Zappian Olympic Games, Philippos Ioannou, a classical scholar and professor, criticised the games, and attacked the ideal of amateurism. His contention was that they were a parody, because people from the working class had taken part in the games. Ioannou suggested that only young people from the upper class should be accepted in the following Olympiad – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhw.gr/olympics/ancient/en/304b.html">"Professionals and Amateurs, Foundation of the Hellenic World"</a>. <i>www.fhw.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fhw.gr&rft.atitle=Professionals+and+Amateurs%2C+Foundation+of+the+Hellenic+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhw.gr%2Folympics%2Fancient%2Fen%2F304b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C46-47-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C46-47_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C46-47_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_de_Coubertin1896–1897" class="citation magazine cs1">Pierre de Coubertin (1896–1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924083647069?urlappend=%3Bseq=57">"The Olympic Games of 1896: By their founder, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, now president of the International Committee"</a>. <i>The Century</i>. No. 53. pp. 46–47. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fcoo.31924083647069?urlappend=%3Bseq=57">2027/coo.31924083647069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Century&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Games+of+1896%3A+By+their+founder%2C+Baron+Pierre+de+Coubertin%2C+now+president+of+the+International+Committee&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=46-47&rft.date=1896%2F1897&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924083647069%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D57&rft.au=Pierre+de+Coubertin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fcoo.31924083647069%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topendsports.com/events/summer/women.htm">"Women at the Olympic Games"</a>. <i>topendsports.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=topendsports.com&rft.atitle=Women+at+the+Olympic+Games&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topendsports.com%2Fevents%2Fsummer%2Fwomen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tennis-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tennis_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tennis_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oaa.gr/history.asp">History of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929131456/http://www.oaa.gr/history.asp">Archived</a> 29 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Greek)</span> – accessed 3 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110014306/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/maps/GRC_Zea_marina_4635.php">"Zea marina"</a>. <i>World Port Source</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/maps/GRC_Zea_marina_4635.php">the original</a> on 10 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Port+Source&rft.atitle=Zea+marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldportsource.com%2Fports%2Fmaps%2FGRC_Zea_marina_4635.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennartzWassong,_Stephen2004" class="citation book cs1">Lennartz, Karl; Wassong, Stephen (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&q=1896+games,+cycling"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3"><bdi>0-313-32278-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065">52418065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Athens+1896&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52418065&rft.isbn=0-313-32278-3&rft.aulast=Lennartz&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Wassong%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmXi_-Jujj0C%26q%3D1896%2Bgames%2C%2Bcycling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span>. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stadia.gr/karaiskaki/karaiskakiold.html">"Velodrome & Karaiskaki Stadium (1895 – 1964 – 2003)"</a>. <i>stadia.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadia.gr&rft.atitle=Velodrome+%26+Karaiskaki+Stadium+%281895+%E2%80%93+1964+%E2%80%93+2003%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstadia.gr%2Fkaraiskaki%2Fkaraiskakiold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offrep2004-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep2004_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819195306/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/or2004b.pdf">"Official Report 2004, Volume 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.la84.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.la84.org&rft.atitle=Official+Report+2004%2C+Volume+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F43496%2Frec%2F84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808034305/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/or2004a.pdf">"Official Report 2004, Volume 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.la84.org</i>. pp. 116–117. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/42734/rec/85">the original</a> on 8 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.la84.org&rft.atitle=Official+Report+2004%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=116-117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F42734%2Frec%2F85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Swimming (Men): 100-Meter Freestyle". In <i>The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition</i>. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 897–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offrep1986-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offrep1986_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527211831/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">"Official Report 1896, Volume 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>digital.la84.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/6403/rec/2">the original</a> on 27 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.la84.org&rft.atitle=Official+Report+1896%2C+Volume+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.la84.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp17103coll8%2Fid%2F6403%2Frec%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zappeion.gr/en/en_history_4.asp">Zappeion history.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921072658/http://www.zappeion.gr/en/en_history_4.asp">Archived</a> 21 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – accessed 3 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coubertin-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coubertin_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coubertin_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coubertin_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_de_Coubertin1896" class="citation web cs1">Pierre de Coubertin (November 1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924083647069&view=1up&seq=52">"The Olympic Games of 1896"</a>. <i>The Century Magazine</i>. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Century+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Games+of+1896&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1896-11&rft.au=Pierre+de+Coubertin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dcoo.31924083647069%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOCA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOCA_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOCA_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896">Athens 1896 – Games of the I Olympiad</a>, International Olympic Committee</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/134962.html">"The ignorant Olympians"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ignorant+Olympians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F134962.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/thread/sports/no-spot-the-olympics-its-not-cricket/article17949431.ece">"No spot the Olympics? It's not cricket"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 12 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=No+spot+the+Olympics%3F+It%27s+not+cricket&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fthread%2Fsports%2Fno-spot-the-olympics-its-not-cricket%2Farticle17949431.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C98-99-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C98-99_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C98-99_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C98-99_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sears (2001), 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernando_Arrechea_Rivas2011" class="citation web cs1">Fernando Arrechea Rivas (12 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olimpismo2007.blogspot.com/2011/03/luis-subercaseaux-ii.html">"Luis Subercaseaux (II)"</a>. <i>Olimpismo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olimpismo&rft.atitle=Luis+Subercaseaux+%28II%29&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft.au=Fernando+Arrechea+Rivas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folimpismo2007.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F03%2Fluis-subercaseaux-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subercaseaux-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Subercaseaux_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subercaseaux_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/922400">"Luis Subercaseaux"</a>. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luis+Subercaseaux&rft.pub=Olympedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedia.org%2Fathletes%2F922400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LUN-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LUN_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LUN_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavalla2014" class="citation news cs1">Cavalla, Mario (17 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005051459/http://www.lun.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2014-05-17&PaginaId=29&bodyid=0">"Esta es la foto que descubrió al primer chileno olímpico"</a>. <i>Las Últimas Noticias</i>. Santiago, Chile. p. 29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lun.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2014-05-17&PaginaId=29&bodyid=0">the original</a> on 5 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+%C3%9Altimas+Noticias&rft.atitle=Esta+es+la+foto+que+descubri%C3%B3+al+primer+chileno+ol%C3%ADmpico&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft.aulast=Cavalla&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lun.com%2FPages%2FNewsDetail.aspx%3Fdt%3D2014-05-17%26PaginaId%3D29%26bodyid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin & Gynn, <i>Running through the Ages</i>, 22; Tarasouleas, <i>Stamata Revithi, "Alias Melpomeni"</i>, 55; Tarasouleas, <i>The Female Spiridon Loues</i>, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g. Miragaya, <i>The Female Olympian</i>, 314, who cites <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeFrantz1997" class="citation conference cs1">DeFrantz, A. (1997). "The Changing Role of Women in the Olympic Games". <i>37th International Session for Young Participants – IOA Report</i>. Ancient Olympia: International Olympic Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Role+of+Women+in+the+Olympic+Games&rft.btitle=37th+International+Session+for+Young+Participants+%E2%80%93+IOA+Report&rft.place=Ancient+Olympia&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Academy&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=DeFrantz&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Officially, she was rejected because the deadline for participation had expired; however, as Olympic historians David Martin and Roger Gynn point out, the real problem was her gender. Greek participants had been chosen through two trial national races, which had taken place on 10 <span style="font-size:85%;">[<a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">O.S.</a> 27 February</span> and 24 March <span style="font-size:85%;">[<a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#Adoption_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">O.S.</a> 12 March</span>. Another athlete, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Airoldi" title="Carlo Airoldi">Carlo Airoldi</a>, was also not allowed to run because he was a professional (Martin–Gynn, <i>Running through the Ages</i>, 12, 21).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LW-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LW_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LW_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lennartz-Wassong (2004), 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heartheboatsing.com/2016/04/13/athens-1896-the-first-olympic-rowing-medallists/">"Athens 1896: The First Olympic Rowing Medallists?"</a>. 13 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athens+1896%3A+The+First+Olympic+Rowing+Medallists%3F&rft.date=2016-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheartheboatsing.com%2F2016%2F04%2F13%2Fathens-1896-the-first-olympic-rowing-medallists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CP76,83-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CP76,83_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CP76,83_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 76, 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillmeister (1995), 23–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C70-71-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C70-71_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C70-71_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 93–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-official_report-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-official_report_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coubertin–Philemon–Politis–Anninos (1897), 232–234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IOC Olympic Museum exhibition panel, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C50-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C50_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.library.cornell.edu/moa_new/browse.html?frames=1&cite=&coll=moa&view=50&root=/moa/cent/cent0053/&tif=00059.TIF&pagenum=50">"Browse | Cornell University Library Making of America Collection"</a>. <i>collections.library.cornell.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Presencia+de+Chile+en+los+Juegos+Olimpicos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coch.cl%2Fmuseo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span>, Olympic Committee of Chile; McGehee (2000), 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboutOlympics" class="citation web cs1">AboutOlympics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121128194808/http://www.aboutolympics.co.uk/athens-olympics.html">"1896 Athens Olympics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutolympics.co.uk/athens-olympics.html">the original</a> on 28 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2011</span>. <q>Fourteen nations were represented – Australia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, USA, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1896+Athens+Olympics&rft.au=AboutOlympics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutolympics.co.uk%2Fathens-olympics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallonWidlund1988" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, Bill; Widlund, Ture (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/resultsofearlymo00mall"><i>The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary</i></a>. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0379-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0379-9"><bdi>0-7864-0379-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2011</span>. <q>Across the field, in answer to the Herald's trumpet, come two Hungarians, a Chilian, a Frenchman, a German, an Englishman and an American, to run the 100-meters race</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1896+Olympic+Games.+Results+for+All+Competitors+in+All+Events%2C+with+Commentary&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-7864-0379-9&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Widlund%2C+Ture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fresultsofearlymo00mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlympic_Games_Museum2011" class="citation web cs1">Olympic Games Museum (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111127142910/http://olympic-museum.de/part_count/1896.htm">"Participating Countries – Olympic Games Athens 1896"</a>. olympic-museum.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olympic-museum.de/part_count/1896.htm">the original</a> on 27 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Participating+Countries+%E2%80%93+Olympic+Games+Athens+1896&rft.pub=olympic-museum.de&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Olympic+Games+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folympic-museum.de%2Fpart_count%2F1896.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacCarthy30-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacCarthy30_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacCarthy30_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCarthy2010" class="citation book cs1">MacCarthy, Kevin (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldsilvergreeni0000mcca/page/30"><i>Gold, Silver and Green: The Irish Olympic Journey 1896-1924</i></a></span>. Cork University Press. pp. 30–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859184585" title="Special:BookSources/9781859184585"><bdi>9781859184585</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold%2C+Silver+and+Green%3A+The+Irish+Olympic+Journey+1896-1924&rft.pages=30-37&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781859184585&rft.aulast=MacCarthy&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldsilvergreeni0000mcca%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/news/ace-boland-smashes-his-way-to-tennis-success">"Ace Boland smashes his way to tennis success"</a>. <i>olympics.com</i>. IOC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=olympics.com&rft.atitle=Ace+Boland+smashes+his+way+to+tennis+success&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Face-boland-smashes-his-way-to-tennis-success&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896/results/tennis/singles-men">"Athens 1896; Tennis Singles Men Results"</a>. <i>olympics.com</i>. International Olympic Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=olympics.com&rft.atitle=Athens+1896%3B+Tennis+Singles+Men+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fathens-1896%2Fresults%2Ftennis%2Fsingles-men&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907035507/http://www.olympic.org/en/Multimedia-Player/All-Photos/1896/01/01/RAAEE042/?CurrentMediaPageIPP=20&CurrentMediaPage=4&SortOrder=rate">"Photos RAAEE042"</a>. <i>Olympic.org</i>. International Olympic Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/en/Multimedia-Player/All-Photos/1896/01/01/RAAEE042/?CurrentMediaPageIPP=20&CurrentMediaPage=4&SortOrder=rate">the original</a> on 7 September 2012. <q>Athens 1896—Boland, John Pius (IRL/GBR)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympic.org&rft.atitle=Photos+RAAEE042&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fen%2FMultimedia-Player%2FAll-Photos%2F1896%2F01%2F01%2FRAAEE042%2F%3FCurrentMediaPageIPP%3D20%26CurrentMediaPage%3D4%26SortOrder%3Drate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillmeister (1998), 364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOCTennisDoubles-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOCTennisDoubles_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOCTennisDoubles_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896/results/tennis/doubles-men">"Athens 1896 Tennis Doubles Men Results"</a>. <i>Olympics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Athens+1896+Tennis+Doubles+Men+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fathens-1896%2Fresults%2Ftennis%2Fdoubles-men&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Wael, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/sho1896.html">Shooting 1896</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422194906/http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/sho1896.html">Archived</a> 22 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418014440/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ri/giuseppe-rivabella-1.html">"Giuseppe Rivabella"</a>. <i>Sports-Reference</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ri/giuseppe-rivabella-1.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports-Reference&rft.atitle=Giuseppe+Rivabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fathletes%2Fri%2Fgiuseppe-rivabella-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Champaud-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Champaud_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Champaud_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Champaud can be considered an athlete for either Switzerland or Bulgaria.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896/medals">"Athens 1896 Medal Table"</a>. <i>Olympics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Athens+1896+Medal+Table&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fathens-1896%2Fmedals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1896_Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896">"Athens 1896"</a>. <i>Olympics.com</i>. International Olympic Committee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Athens+1896&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fathens-1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/cultural-collections/archives/from-the-parliamentary-collections/parliament-and-the-olympics/programmecoverolympics/">1896 Olympic Games Programme – UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1896_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBijkerk2004" class="citation book cs1">Bijkerk, Anthony T. (2004). "Pierre de Coubertin". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3"><bdi>0-313-32278-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065">52418065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pierre+de+Coubertin&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52418065&rft.isbn=0-313-32278-3&rft.aulast=Bijkerk&rft.aufirst=Anthony+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoubertinHambidge,_Jay1896" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_De_Coubertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre De Coubertin">Coubertin, Pierre De</a>; Hambidge, Jay (November 1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924083647069&view=1up&seq=49">"The Olympic Games of 1896"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Magazine" title="The Century Magazine">The Century Magazine</a></i>. Vol. LIII, no. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Century+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Games+of+1896&rft.volume=LIII&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1896-11&rft.aulast=Coubertin&rft.aufirst=Pierre+De&rft.au=Hambidge%2C+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dcoo.31924083647069%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoubertinTimoleon_J._Philemon,_N.G._Politis_and_Charalambos_Anninos1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_De_Coubertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre De Coubertin">Coubertin, Pierre De</a>; Timoleon J. Philemon, N.G. Politis and Charalambos Anninos (1897). "The Olympic Games in 1896 – Second Part". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527211831/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf"><i>The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Athens: Charles Beck. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Games+in+1896+%E2%80%93+Second+Part&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Games%3A+BC+776+%E2%80%93+AD+1896&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Charles+Beck&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Coubertin&rft.aufirst=Pierre+De&rft.au=Timoleon+J.+Philemon%2C+N.G.+Politis+and+Charalambos+Anninos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1896%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarling2004" class="citation book cs1">Darling, Janina K. (2004). "Panathenaic Stadium, Athens". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4F-v35--l_gC&q=Panathenaic+Stadium,+Averoff,+Constantine"><i>Architecture of Greece</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32152-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32152-3"><bdi>0-313-32152-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54500822">54500822</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panathenaic+Stadium%2C+Athens&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Greece&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54500822&rft.isbn=0-313-32152-3&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=Janina+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4F-v35--l_gC%26q%3DPanathenaic%2BStadium%2C%2BAveroff%2C%2BConstantine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Wael" class="citation web cs1">De Wael, Herman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071130160551/http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/topath96.html">"Herman's Top Athina 1896 Olympians"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.skynet.be/hermandw/olymp/topath96.html">the original</a> on 30 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herman%27s+Top+Athina+1896+Olympians&rft.aulast=De+Wael&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.skynet.be%2Fhermandw%2Folymp%2Ftopath96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/08/04/101824945.pdf">"George Averoff Dead"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 4 August 1899. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911074311/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/08/04/101824945.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Averoff+Dead&rft.date=1899-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1899%2F08%2F04%2F101824945.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillmeister1998" class="citation book cs1">Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hftxBcXOQxsC&q=1896,+Egypt,++Kasdaglis"><i>Tennis: a Cultural History</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7185-0195-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7185-0195-0"><bdi>0-7185-0195-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/67496016">67496016</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tennis%3A+a+Cultural+History&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67496016&rft.isbn=0-7185-0195-0&rft.aulast=Gillmeister&rft.aufirst=Heiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhftxBcXOQxsC%26q%3D1896%2C%2BEgypt%2C%2B%2BKasdaglis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillmeister1995" class="citation journal cs1">Gillmeister, Heiner (Winter 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124043053/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv3n1/JOHv3n1g.pdf">"Olympic Tennis: Some Afterthoughts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Citius, Altius, Fortius</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 23–25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv3n1/JOHv3n1g.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citius%2C+Altius%2C+Fortius&rft.atitle=Olympic+Tennis%3A+Some+Afterthoughts&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-25&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gillmeister&rft.aufirst=Heiner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FJOH%2FJOHv3n1%2FJOHv3n1g.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttmann1994" class="citation book cs1">Guttmann, Allen (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eJn8paCwgJYC&q=Subercaseaux,+1896,+games"><i>Games and Empires: Modern Sports and Cultural Imperialism</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10042-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10042-6"><bdi>0-231-10042-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231638134">231638134</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Games+and+Empires%3A+Modern+Sports+and+Cultural+Imperialism&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231638134&rft.isbn=0-231-10042-6&rft.aulast=Guttmann&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeJn8paCwgJYC%26q%3DSubercaseaux%2C%2B1896%2C%2Bgames&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080702073204/http://www.coch.cl/museo.htm">"La Presencia de Chile en los Juegos Olimpicos"</a> (in Spanish). Olympic Committee of Chile. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coch.cl/museo.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Presencia+de+Chile+en+los+Juegos+Olimpicos&rft.pub=Olympic+Committee+of+Chile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coch.cl%2Fmuseo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennartzWassong,_Stephen2004" class="citation book cs1">Lennartz, Karl; Wassong, Stephen (2004). "Athens 1896". In John E. Findling, Kimberly D. Pelle (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&q=1896+games,+cycling"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32278-3"><bdi>0-313-32278-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52418065">52418065</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Human Kinetics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88011-969-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88011-969-1"><bdi>0-88011-969-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42823784">42823784</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Missouri Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1588-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1588-2"><bdi>0-8262-1588-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58468164">58468164</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ghost+of+Plato&rft.btitle=America%27s+First+Olympics%3A+The+St.+Louis+Games+Of+1904&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58468164&rft.isbn=0-8262-1588-2&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=George+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWKRUmep515oC%26q%3DWenlock%2C%2BBrookes%2C%2BCoubertin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGehee2000" class="citation book cs1">McGehee, Richard V. (2000). "The Impact of Imported Sports on the Popular Culture of Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Mexico and Central America". In Ingrid Elizabeth Fey, Karen Racine (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527211831/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf"><i>Strange Pilgrimages: Exile, Travel, and National Identity in Latin America</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8420-2694-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8420-2694-0"><bdi>0-8420-2694-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237382448">237382448</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Imported+Sports+on+the+Popular+Culture+of+Nineteenth-+and+Early+Twentieth-Century+Mexico+and+Central+America&rft.btitle=Strange+Pilgrimages%3A+Exile%2C+Travel%2C+and+National+Identity+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237382448&rft.isbn=0-8420-2694-0&rft.aulast=McGehee&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1896%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullins" class="citation web cs1">Mullins, Samuel P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218043658/http://www.ioa.leeds.ac.uk/1980s/84099.htm">"Pierre de Coubertin and the Wenlock Olympian Games"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the International Olympic Academy–Selected 1980s Proceedings</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Olympic+Academy%E2%80%93Selected+1980s+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Pierre+de+Coubertin+and+the+Wenlock+Olympian+Games&rft.aulast=Mullins&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioa.leeds.ac.uk%2F1980s%2F84099.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhw.gr/olympics/ancient/en/304b.html">"Professionals and Amateurs"</a>. <i>From Ancient Olympia to Athens of 1896</i>. Foundation of the Hellenic World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=From+Ancient+Olympia+to+Athens+of+1896&rft.atitle=Professionals+and+Amateurs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhw.gr%2Folympics%2Fancient%2Fen%2F304b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSears2001" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Edward S. (2001). "The Revival of the Olympic Games". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vxxOw3FvOgwC&q=Burke,++crouch+start"><i>Running through the Ages</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0971-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0971-1"><bdi>0-7864-0971-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46650949">46650949</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Revival+of+the+Olympic+Games&rft.btitle=Running+through+the+Ages&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46650949&rft.isbn=0-7864-0971-1&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Edward+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvxxOw3FvOgwC%26q%3DBurke%2C%2B%2Bcrouch%2Bstart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToohey2007" class="citation book cs1">Toohey, Kristine (2007). <i>The Olympic Games: A Social Sciences Perspective</i>. CABI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-355-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84593-355-5"><bdi>978-1-84593-355-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Games%3A+A+Social+Sciences+Perspective&rft.pub=CABI&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84593-355-5&rft.aulast=Toohey&rft.aufirst=Kristine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2004" class="citation book cs1">Young, David C. (2004). "The Modern Olympic Games". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCNtwn24iK8C&q=Zappas+Olympic+Committee"><i>A Brief History of the Olympic Games</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-1130-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-1130-5"><bdi>1-4051-1130-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54111254">54111254</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Olympic+Games&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54111254&rft.isbn=1-4051-1130-5&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCNtwn24iK8C%26q%3DZappas%2BOlympic%2BCommittee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarnowski1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zarnowski" title="Frank Zarnowski">Zarnowski, C. Frank</a> (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528012143/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf">"A Look at Olympic Costs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Citius, Altius, Fortius</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 16–32. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citius%2C+Altius%2C+Fortius&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+Olympic+Costs&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-32&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Zarnowski&rft.aufirst=C.+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2FSportsLibrary%2FJOH%2FJOHv1n1%2FJOHv1n1f.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg,_Stan1996" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Stan (1996). <i>The Guinness Book of Olympic Facts and Feats</i>. Enfield: Guinness. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-639-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-639-1"><bdi>0-85112-639-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35921786">35921786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Olympic+Facts+and+Feats&rft.place=Enfield&rft.pub=Guinness&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35921786&rft.isbn=0-85112-639-1&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKluge,_Volker1997" class="citation book cs1">Kluge, Volker (1997). <i>Olympische Sommerspiele: die Chronik I</i>. Berlin: Sportverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-328-00715-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-328-00715-6"><bdi>3-328-00715-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38258227">38258227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympische+Sommerspiele%3A+die+Chronik+I&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Sportverlag&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38258227&rft.isbn=3-328-00715-6&rft.au=Kluge%2C+Volker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennartz,_Karl1996" class="citation book cs1">Lennartz, Karl, ed. (1996). <i>Die olympischen Spiele 1896 in Athen: Erläuterungen zum Neudruck des Offiziellen Berichtes</i>. Kassel: Agon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+olympischen+Spiele+1896+in+Athen%3A+Erl%C3%A4uterungen+zum+Neudruck+des+Offiziellen+Berichtes&rft.place=Kassel&rft.pub=Agon&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacAloon,_John_J1982" class="citation book cs1">MacAloon, John J (1982). <i>This Great Symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the Origins of the Modern Olympic Games</i>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Great+Symbol%3A+Pierre+de+Coubertin+and+the+Origins+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.au=MacAloon%2C+John+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Michael_Llewellyn2004" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Michael Llewellyn (2004). <i>Olympics in Athens 1896. The Invention of the Modern Olympic Games</i>. London: Profile Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86197-342-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86197-342-X"><bdi>1-86197-342-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/186174794">186174794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympics+in+Athens+1896.+The+Invention+of+the+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F186174794&rft.isbn=1-86197-342-X&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+Llewellyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallechinsky,_David2000" class="citation book cs1">Wallechinsky, David (2000). <i>The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics</i>. Woodstock: Overlook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58567-033-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58567-033-2"><bdi>1-58567-033-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43561597">43561597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+Summer+Olympics&rft.place=Woodstock&rft.pub=Overlook+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43561597&rft.isbn=1-58567-033-2&rft.au=Wallechinsky%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall,_David2011" class="citation book cs1">Randall, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209003424/http://www.1896olympics.com/"><i>1896: The First Modern Olympics</i></a>. London: Blacktoad Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9570591-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9570591-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9570591-0-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1896olympics.com/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span> on 9 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1896%3A+The+First+Modern+Olympics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blacktoad+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9570591-0-8&rft.au=Randall%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1896olympics.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1896+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Athens 1896 - A remembrance" (1995). The Olympic Movement Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theolympicmovement.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Detail/athens-1896-a-remembrance/28848111?item=28848115">[1]</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Zappas Olympics</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> I Olympiad<br /><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> </b><br />1896 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">Paris</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Games" title="Template:Olympic Games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Games" title="Template talk:Olympic Games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Olympic sports</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympism</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Medals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal_table" title="Olympic medal table">Medal table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">All-time medal table</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won" title="List of Olympic teams by medals won">Medal table leaders by Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Olympic medalists">Medalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Youth Olympic medalists">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics" title="List of ties for medals at the Olympics">Medal ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country" title="Incentives for Olympic medalists by country">Incentives by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals" title="List of stripped Olympic medals">Stripped medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics">tropical nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">country codes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for Olympic Games">Bids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Youth Olympic Games">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues" title="List of Youth Olympic venues">youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Ceremonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Mass" title="Olympic Mass">Olympic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">People who opened the Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">Torch relays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">lighters of the Olympic cauldron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_kept_the_Olympic_flag" title="List of people who have kept the Olympic flag">Keepers of the Olympic flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics" title="Social media coverage of the Olympics">Social media</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Summer Olympic documentary films">summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Winter Olympic documentary films">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games" title="List of Olympic video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_symbols" title="Olympic symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Songs and anthems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Hymn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_emblem" title="Olympic emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li>Coins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins" title="Summer Olympic coins">summer (pre-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)">summer (2000-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins" title="Winter Olympic coins">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions" title="List of Olympic medalists in art competitions">medalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games" title="Colonialism and the Olympic Games">colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths" title="Olympic and Paralympic deaths">Deaths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of Olympians killed in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Participation of women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Olympic Esports Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaflympics" title="Deaflympics">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Olympic Games</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1916 Berlin</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Tokyo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 London</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><sup id="cite_ref-COVID2021_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID2021-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 TBD</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2040_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2040 Summer Olympics">2040 TBD</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/110px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/165px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1940 Sapporo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:gray">1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-WW2_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 PyeongChang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milano Cortina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City–Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Summer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010 Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Dakar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youth Olympic Games logo"><img alt="Youth Olympic Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/110px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/165px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/220px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Winter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020 Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024 Gangwon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WW1-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WW1_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID2021-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COVID2021_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Category:Summer Olympic Games"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Summer Olympics"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_National_Olympic_Committees_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_in_Athens,_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BFD7FF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nations_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nations_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nations_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nations at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_National_Olympic_Committees_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_in_Athens,_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">National Olympic Committees</a> at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1896 Summer Olympics">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1896 Summer Olympics">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mixed_team_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Mixed team at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Mixed teams</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/120px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/180px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG/240px-1896_Olympic_games_countries.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events at the 1896 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:1896_Summer_Olympics_events" title="Category:1896 Summer Olympics events">Events</a> at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Tennis at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Venues">Venues</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1896 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/75px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/113px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/150px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8080#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8080#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8080#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157754206">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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