Promoting Safe and Healthy Summers | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

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NICHD research seeks to understand the impacts of climate change, prevent drownings, and help ensure safe participation in summer sports." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/080524-safe-health-summers-DC.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org); Commerce 2" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/uswds_nichd/img/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <title>Promoting Safe and Healthy Summers | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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type="button" > <span>Carney Complex</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-CarneyComplex" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/carneycomplex" class="parent-link"> <span>Carney Complex</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/carneycomplex/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/carneycomplex/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/carneycomplex/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/carneycomplex/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-CerebralPalsy" type="button" > <span>Cerebral Palsy</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-CerebralPalsy" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cerebral-palsy" class="parent-link"> <span>Cerebral Palsy</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cerebral-palsy/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-CongenitalAdrenalHyperplasia(CAH)" type="button" > <span>Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-CongenitalAdrenalHyperplasia(CAH)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cah" class="parent-link"> <span>Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cah/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cah/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cah/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cah/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-CongenitalAnomalies" type="button" > <span>Congenital Anomalies</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-CongenitalAnomalies" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/congenital-anomalies" class="parent-link"> <span>Congenital Anomalies</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/about"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/congenital-anomalies/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-ContraceptionandBirthControl" type="button" > <span>Contraception and Birth Control</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-ContraceptionandBirthControl" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/contraception" class="parent-link"> <span>Contraception and Birth Control</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/contraception/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/contraception/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/contraception/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/contraception/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-CushingSyndrome" type="button" > <span>Cushing Syndrome</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-CushingSyndrome" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cushing" class="parent-link"> <span>Cushing Syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cushing/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cushing/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/cushing/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Diabetes" type="button" > <span>Diabetes</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Diabetes" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/diabetes" class="parent-link"> <span>Diabetes</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/diabetes/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/diabetes/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/diabetes/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/diabetes/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DownSyndrome" type="button" > <span>Down Syndrome</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DownSyndrome" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/downsyndrome" class="parent-link"> <span>Down Syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/down/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/down/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/down/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/down/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DrivingRisk" type="button" > <span>Driving Risk</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DrivingRisk" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/drivingrisk" class="parent-link"> <span>Driving Risk</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/driving/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/driving/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/driving/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/driving/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-EarlyLearning" type="button" > <span>Early Learning</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-EarlyLearning" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/early-learning" class="parent-link"> <span>Early Learning</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/early-learning/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/early-learning/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/early-learning/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/early-learning/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Endometriosis" type="button" > <span>Endometriosis</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Endometriosis" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/endometriosis" class="parent-link"> <span>Endometriosis</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/endometri/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/endometri/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/endometri/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/endometri/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileXSyndrome" type="button" > <span>Fragile X Syndrome</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileXSyndrome" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fragilex" class="parent-link"> <span>Fragile X Syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fragilex/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fragilex/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fragilex/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileX-AssociatedPrimaryOvarianInsufficiency(FXPOI)" type="button" > <span>Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileX-AssociatedPrimaryOvarianInsufficiency(FXPOI)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxpoi" class="parent-link"> <span>Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxpoi/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxpoi/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxpoi/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxpoi/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileX-AssociatedTremorandAtaxiaSyndrome(FXTAS)" type="button" > <span>Fragile X-Associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-FragileX-AssociatedTremorandAtaxiaSyndrome(FXTAS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxtas" class="parent-link"> <span>Fragile X-Associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxtas/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxtas/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxtas/findastudy"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/fxtas/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-HIV/AIDS" type="button" > <span>HIV/AIDS</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-HIV/AIDS" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hiv" class="parent-link"> <span>HIV/AIDS</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hiv/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hiv/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hiv/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hiv/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-High-RiskPregnancy" type="button" > <span>High-Risk Pregnancy</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-High-RiskPregnancy" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/high-risk" class="parent-link"> <span>High-Risk Pregnancy</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/high-risk/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/high-risk/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/high-risk/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/high-risk/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Hypoparathyroidism" type="button" > <span>Hypoparathyroidism</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Hypoparathyroidism" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hypopara" class="parent-link"> <span>Hypoparathyroidism</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hypopara/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hypopara/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hypopara/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/hypopara/resources/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfantCareandInfantHealth" type="button" > <span>Infant Care and Infant Health</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfantCareandInfantHealth" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infantcare" class="parent-link"> <span>Infant Care and Infant Health</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infantcare/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infantcare/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infantcare/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infantcare/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfantMortality" type="button" > <span>Infant Mortality</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfantMortality" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infant-mortality" class="parent-link"> <span>Infant Mortality</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infant-mortality/topicinfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infant-mortality/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infant-mortality/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infant-mortality/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfertilityandFertility" type="button" > <span>Infertility and Fertility</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-InfertilityandFertility" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infertility" class="parent-link"> <span>Infertility and Fertility</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infertility/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infertility/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infertility/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/infertility/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-IntellectualandDevelopmentalDisabilities(IDDs)" type="button" > <span>Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-IntellectualandDevelopmentalDisabilities(IDDs)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/idds" class="parent-link"> <span>Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/idds/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/idds/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/idds/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-KlinefelterSyndrome(KS)" type="button" > <span>Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-KlinefelterSyndrome(KS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/klinefelter" class="parent-link"> <span>Klinefelter Syndrome (KS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/klinefelter/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/klinefelter/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/klinefelter/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/klinefelter/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-LaborandDelivery" type="button" > <span>Labor and Delivery</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-LaborandDelivery" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/labor-delivery" class="parent-link"> <span>Labor and Delivery</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/labor-delivery/topicinfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/labor-delivery/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/labor-delivery/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/labor-delivery/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-LearningDisabilities" type="button" > <span>Learning Disabilities</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-LearningDisabilities" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/learningdisabilities" class="parent-link"> <span>Learning Disabilities</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/learning/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/learning/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/learning/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-MaternalMorbidityandMortality" type="button" > <span>Maternal Morbidity and Mortality</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-MaternalMorbidityandMortality" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality" class="parent-link"> <span>Maternal Morbidity and Mortality</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/maternal-morbidity-mortality/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-McCune-AlbrightSyndrome(MAS)" type="button" > <span>McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-McCune-AlbrightSyndrome(MAS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/mccune-albright" class="parent-link"> <span>McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/mccune-albright/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/mccune-albright/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/mccune-albright/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/mccune-albright/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Men'sReproductiveHealth" type="button" > <span>Men's Reproductive Health</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Men'sReproductiveHealth" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menshealth" class="parent-link"> <span>Men's Reproductive Health</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menshealth/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menshealth/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menshealth/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menshealth/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Menopause" type="button" > <span>Menopause</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Menopause" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menopause" class="parent-link"> <span>Menopause</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menopause/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menopause/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menopause/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menopause/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-MenstruationandMenstrualProblems" type="button" > <span>Menstruation and Menstrual Problems</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-MenstruationandMenstrualProblems" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menstruation" class="parent-link"> <span>Menstruation and Menstrual Problems</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menstruation/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menstruation/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menstruation/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/menstruation/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-MuscularDystrophy" type="button" > <span>Muscular Dystrophy</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-MuscularDystrophy" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/musculardys" class="parent-link"> <span>Muscular Dystrophy</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/musculardys/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/musculardys/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/musculardys/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/musculardys/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-NecrotizingEnterocolitis(NEC)" type="button" > <span>Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-NecrotizingEnterocolitis(NEC)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/nec" class="parent-link"> <span>Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/nec/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/nec/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/nec/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/nec/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-NeuralTubeDefects(NTDs)" type="button" > <span>Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-NeuralTubeDefects(NTDs)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/ntds" class="parent-link"> <span>Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/ntds/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/ntds/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/ntds/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/ntds/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Neuroscience" type="button" > <span>Neuroscience</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Neuroscience" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/neuro" class="parent-link"> <span>Neuroscience</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/neuro/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/neuro/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/neuro/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-NewbornScreening" type="button" > <span>Newborn Screening</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-NewbornScreening" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/newborn" class="parent-link"> <span>Newborn Screening</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/newborn/conditioninfo/default"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/newborn/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/newborn/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/newborn/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-ObesityandOverweight" type="button" > <span>Obesity and Overweight</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-ObesityandOverweight" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/obesity" class="parent-link"> <span>Obesity and Overweight</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/obesity/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/obesity/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/obesity/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/obesity/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-OsteogenesisImperfecta(OI)" type="button" > <span>Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-OsteogenesisImperfecta(OI)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/osteogenesisimp" class="parent-link"> <span>Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/osteogenesisimp/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PediatricInjury" type="button" > <span>Pediatric Injury</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PediatricInjury" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pediatric" class="parent-link"> <span>Pediatric Injury</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pediatric/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pediatric/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pediatric/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pediatric/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PelvicFloorDisorders" type="button" > <span>Pelvic Floor Disorders</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PelvicFloorDisorders" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicfloor" class="parent-link"> <span>Pelvic Floor Disorders</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicfloor/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicfloor/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicfloor/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicfloor/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PelvicPain" type="button" > <span>Pelvic Pain</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PelvicPain" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicpain" class="parent-link"> <span>Pelvic Pain</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicpain/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicpain/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicpain/clinicaltrials/default"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pelvicpain/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pharmacology" type="button" > <span>Pharmacology</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pharmacology" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pharma" class="parent-link"> <span>Pharmacology</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pharma/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pharma/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pharma/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pharma/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Phenylketonuria(PKU)" type="button" > <span>Phenylketonuria (PKU)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Phenylketonuria(PKU)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pku" class="parent-link"> <span>Phenylketonuria (PKU)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pku/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pku/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pku/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pku/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PheochromocytomaandParaganglioma" type="button" > <span>Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PheochromocytomaandParaganglioma" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pheochrom" class="parent-link"> <span>Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pheochrom/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pheochrom/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pheochrom/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pheochrom/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PituitaryTumors" type="button" > <span>Pituitary Tumors</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PituitaryTumors" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pituitarytumors" class="parent-link"> <span>Pituitary Tumors</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pituitarytumors/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pituitarytumors/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pituitarytumors/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pituitarytumors/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PolycysticOvarySyndrome(PCOS)" type="button" > <span>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PolycysticOvarySyndrome(PCOS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pcos" class="parent-link"> <span>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pcos/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pcos/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pcos/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pcos/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Prader-WilliSyndrome(PWS)" type="button" > <span>Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Prader-WilliSyndrome(PWS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/prader-willi" class="parent-link"> <span>Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/prader-willi/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/prader-willi/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/prader-willi/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/prader-willi/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pre-PregnancyCareandPrenatalCare" type="button" > <span>Pre-Pregnancy Care and Prenatal Care</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pre-PregnancyCareandPrenatalCare" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preconceptioncare" class="parent-link"> <span>Pre-Pregnancy Care and Prenatal Care</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preconceptioncare/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preconceptioncare/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preconceptioncare/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preconceptioncare/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PreeclampsiaandEclampsia" type="button" > <span>Preeclampsia and Eclampsia</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PreeclampsiaandEclampsia" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preeclampsia" class="parent-link"> <span>Preeclampsia and Eclampsia</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preeclampsia/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preeclampsia/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preeclampsia/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PregnancyLoss" type="button" > <span>Pregnancy Loss</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PregnancyLoss" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancyloss" class="parent-link"> <span>Pregnancy Loss</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancyloss/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancyloss/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancyloss/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancyloss/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pregnancy" type="button" > <span>Pregnancy</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pregnancy" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancy" class="parent-link"> <span>Pregnancy</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancy/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancy/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/pregnancy/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PretermLaborandBirth" type="button" > <span>Preterm Labor and Birth</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PretermLaborandBirth" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preterm" class="parent-link"> <span>Preterm Labor and Birth</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preterm/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preterm/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preterm/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/preterm/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PrimaryOvarianInsufficiency(POI)" type="button" > <span>Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PrimaryOvarianInsufficiency(POI)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/poi" class="parent-link"> <span>Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/poi/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/poi/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/poi/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/poi/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-PubertyandPrecociousPuberty" type="button" > <span>Puberty and Precocious Puberty</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-PubertyandPrecociousPuberty" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/puberty" class="parent-link"> <span>Puberty and Precocious Puberty</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/puberty/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/puberty/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/puberty/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/puberty/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-ReadingandReadingDisorders" type="button" > <span>Reading and Reading Disorders</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-ReadingandReadingDisorders" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reading" class="parent-link"> <span>Reading and Reading Disorders</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reading/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reading/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reading/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reading/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-RehabilitationMedicine" type="button" > <span>Rehabilitation Medicine</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-RehabilitationMedicine" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabilitation-medicine" class="parent-link"> <span>Rehabilitation Medicine</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabilitation-medicine/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabilitation-medicine/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabilitation-medicine/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabilitation-medicine/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-RehabilitativeandAssistiveTechnology" type="button" > <span>Rehabilitative and Assistive Technology</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-RehabilitativeandAssistiveTechnology" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabtech" class="parent-link"> <span>Rehabilitative and Assistive Technology</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabtech/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabtech/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabtech/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rehabtech/resources"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/reproductivehealth"> <span>Reproductive Health</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-RettSyndrome" type="button" > <span>Rett Syndrome</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-RettSyndrome" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rett" class="parent-link"> <span>Rett Syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rett/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rett/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rett/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/rett/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SexuallyTransmittedDiseases(STDs)" type="button" > <span>Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SexuallyTransmittedDiseases(STDs)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stds" class="parent-link"> <span>Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stds/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stds/clinicaltrials/default"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stds/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Sleep" type="button" > <span>Sleep</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Sleep" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sleep" class="parent-link"> <span>Sleep</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sleep/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sleep/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sleep/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sleep/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SpinaBifida" type="button" > <span>Spina Bifida</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SpinaBifida" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinabifida" class="parent-link"> <span>Spina Bifida</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinabifida/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinabifida/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinabifida/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinabifida/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SpinalCordInjury(SCI)" type="button" > <span>Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SpinalCordInjury(SCI)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinalinjury" class="parent-link"> <span>Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinalinjury/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinalinjury/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinalinjury/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/spinalinjury/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Stillbirth" type="button" > <span>Stillbirth</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Stillbirth" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stillbirth" class="parent-link"> <span>Stillbirth</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stillbirth/topicinfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stillbirth/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stillbirth/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stillbirth/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Stroke" type="button" > <span>Stroke</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Stroke" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stroke" class="parent-link"> <span>Stroke</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stroke/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stroke/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stroke/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/stroke/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SuddenInfantDeathSyndrome(SIDS)" type="button" > <span>Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SuddenInfantDeathSyndrome(SIDS)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sids" class="parent-link"> <span>Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sids/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sids/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sids/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/sids/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-TraumaticBrainInjury(TBI)" type="button" > <span>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-TraumaticBrainInjury(TBI)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/tbi" class="parent-link"> <span>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/tbi/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/tbi/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/tbi/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-TurnerSyndrome" type="button" > <span>Turner Syndrome</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-TurnerSyndrome" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/turner" class="parent-link"> <span>Turner Syndrome</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/turner/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/turner/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/turner/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/turner/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-UrinaryTractHealth" type="button" > <span>Urinary Tract Health</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-UrinaryTractHealth" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/urinary" class="parent-link"> <span>Urinary Tract Health</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/urinary/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/urinary/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/urinary/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/urinary/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-UterineFibroids" type="button" > <span>Uterine Fibroids</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-UterineFibroids" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/uterine" class="parent-link"> <span>Uterine Fibroids</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/uterine/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/uterine/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/uterine/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vaginitis" type="button" > <span>Vaginitis</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vaginitis" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vaginitis" class="parent-link"> <span>Vaginitis</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vaginitis/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vaginitis/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vaginitis/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vasectomy" type="button" > <span>Vasectomy</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vasectomy" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vasectomy" class="parent-link"> <span>Vasectomy</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vasectomy/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vasectomy/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vasectomy/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vasectomy/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vulvodynia" type="button" > <span>Vulvodynia</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Vulvodynia" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vulvodynia" class="parent-link"> <span>Vulvodynia</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vulvodynia/conditioninfo"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vulvodynia/researchinfo"> <span>NICHD Research Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vulvodynia/clinicaltrials"> <span>Find a Study</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/vulvodynia/more_information"> <span>More Information</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/topics/womenshealth"> <span>Women's Health</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sts"> <span>Safe to Sleep® Campaign</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/ncmhep"> <span>National Child and Maternal Health Education Program</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/publications"> <span>Find Publications</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/caregivers"> <span>For Caregivers & Providers</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="https://extranet.nichd.nih.gov/nursececourse/Welcome.aspx"> <span>Take Continuing Education</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Grants&Contracts" > <span>Grants & Contracts</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Grants&Contracts" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts" class="parent-link"> <span>Grants & Contracts</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/research-areas/priorities"> <span>NICHD Research Priorities</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" 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class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/funding-opps-and-notices/active-nofos-notices" class="parent-link"> <span>Active Funding Opportunities and Notices for NICHD</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/funding-opps-and-notices/active-nofos-notices/parent"> <span>Parent Announcements (For Unsolicited or Investigator-Initiated Applications)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/funding-opps-and-notices/funding-types"> <span>Types of NICHD Funding Mechanisms</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/funding-opps-and-notices/dissemination"> <span>NICHD Priorities for Dissemination and Implementation Research</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Contracts" type="button" > <span>Contracts</span> </button> <ul 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Priorities</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-FundingOpportunities" type="button" > <span>Funding Opportunities</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-FundingOpportunities" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/funding" class="parent-link"> <span>Funding Opportunities</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/funding/targeted"> <span>Targeted Opportunities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/types"> <span>Application Types</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/resources"> <span>Commercialization Resources</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/FAQs"> <span>FAQs</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SmallBusinessSuccessStories" type="button" > <span>Small Business Success Stories</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SmallBusinessSuccessStories" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase" class="parent-link"> <span>Small Business Success Stories</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/BioSensics"> <span>BioSensics™ – Wearable Sensors for Stroke Recovery and Chronic Disability Care</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/SEEKER"> <span>SEEKER® – The First FDA-Authorized Newborn Screening Platform for Lysosomal Storage Disorders</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/Simbex-HITS"> <span>Simbex Head Impact Telemetry System – Real-time Monitoring to Improve Safety in Sports</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/SpermCheck"> <span>SpermCheck® – FDA-Cleared Home Test for Male Fertility</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/bili-hut"> <span>bili-hut™ – FDA-Cleared Phototherapy for Treating Newborn Jaundice at Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/Elagolix"> <span>Elagolix – The First FDA-Approved Treatment for Endometriosis and Uterine Fibroids</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/Buzzy"> <span>Buzzy®—Pain Relief for Pediatric Vaccinations</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/SBIR_STTR/showcase/Miya-Model"> <span>Miya Model™ – Surgical Training Simulator for Obstetrician-Gynecologists (OB/GYNs)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Training&CareerDevelopment" type="button" > <span>Training & Career Development</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Training&CareerDevelopment" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers" class="parent-link"> <span>Training & Career Development</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-SupportforTrainingatUniversitiesandOtherInstitutions" type="button" > <span>Support for Training at Universities and Other Institutions</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-SupportforTrainingatUniversitiesandOtherInstitutions" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural" class="parent-link"> <span>Support for Training at Universities and Other Institutions</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural/individual"> <span>Individual Research Fellowships (F)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural/career"> <span>Career Development (K) Awards</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural/institutional"> <span>Institutional Training Grants (T32/K12)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural/education"> <span>Education Grants (R25)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/extramural/FAQs"> <span>FAQs About Extramural Training</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-TrainingatNICHD" type="button" > <span>Training at NICHD</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-TrainingatNICHD" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/intramural" class="parent-link"> <span>Training at NICHD</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/intramural/DIR"> <span>Training in the Division of Intramural Research (DIR)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/grants-contracts/training-careers/intramural/DiPHR"> <span>Training in the Division of Population Health Research (DiPHR)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/forapplicants"> <span>For Applicants</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/clinicalresearchpoliciesredirect-grants"> <span>Clinical Research Policies</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/sampleapplicationsredirect"> <span>Sample Applications</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/sites/default/files/2017-12/Extramural_Res_Categories_Contacts.pdf"> <span>Find a Program Officer</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/forms.htm"> <span>Forms</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-ClinicalResearch" > <span>Clinical Research</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-ClinicalResearch" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research" class="parent-link"> <span>Clinical Research</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research#whatis"> <span>What Is Clinical Research?</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research#find"> <span>Find NICHD Clinical Trials</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research#clinicalcare"> <span>Where Can I Find Clinical Care Recommendations and Practice Guidelines?</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/forresearchers"> <span>For Researchers</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pre-ApplicationProcessforNICHDNetworkMultisiteClinicalResearch" type="button" > <span>Pre-Application Process for NICHD Network Multisite Clinical Research</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Pre-ApplicationProcessforNICHDNetworkMultisiteClinicalResearch" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research/clinical-trial-preapplication-process" class="parent-link"> <span>Pre-Application Process for NICHD Network Multisite Clinical Research</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research/clinical-trial-network-non-NICHD-funding"> <span>Network Projects that Use Non-NICHD Funding</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research/clinical-trial-preapplication-process/concept-proposal"> <span>Concept Proposal Info</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/clinicalresearchpoliciesredirect-clinical"> <span>Clinical Research Policies</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/NICHDpolicies-clinical"> <span>NICHD Policies for Data & Safety Monitoring</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/health/clinical-research/CSI-curriculum"> <span>Clinician-Scientist Investigator (CSI) Curriculum</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Newsroom" > <span>Newsroom</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Newsroom" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom" class="parent-link"> <span>Newsroom</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/news"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DigitalMedia" type="button" > <span>Digital Media</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DigitalMedia" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/digital-media" class="parent-link"> <span>Digital Media</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/digital-media/infographics"> <span>Infographics</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/digital-media/videos"> <span>Videos</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/digital-media/podcastsandaudio"> <span>Podcasts and Audio</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/digital-media/socialmedia"> <span>Social Media</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/newsroom/NICHDnews/index"> <span>Join NICHD Listservs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-current" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-AboutNICHD" > <span>About NICHD</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-AboutNICHD" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about" class="parent-link"> <span>About NICHD</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-current" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-Organization" type="button" > <span>Organization</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-Organization" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org" class="parent-link"> <span>Organization</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-current" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-OfficeoftheDirector" type="button" > <span>Office of the Director</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-OfficeoftheDirector" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od" class="parent-link"> <span>Office of the Director</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/directors_corner"> <span>Director's Corner</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/oam"> <span>Office of Administrative Management (OAM)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/oc"> <span>Office of Communications (OC)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/odss"> <span>Office of Data Science and Sharing (ODSS)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/ogh"> <span>Office of Global Health (OGH)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/olppe"> <span>Office of Legislation, Public Policy, and Ethics (OLPPE)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/od/ospra"> <span>Office of Science Policy, Reporting, and Program Analysis (OSPRA)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofExtramuralResearch(DER)" type="button" > <span>Division of Extramural Research (DER)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofExtramuralResearch(DER)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/der" class="parent-link"> <span>Division of Extramural Research (DER)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/der/branches"> <span>Extramural Scientific Branches</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofExtramuralActivities(DEA)" type="button" > <span>Division of Extramural Activities (DEA)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofExtramuralActivities(DEA)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dea" class="parent-link"> <span>Division of Extramural Activities (DEA)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dea/gmb"> <span>Grants Management Branch (GMB)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dea/oep"> <span>Office of Extramural Policy (OEP)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dea/srb"> <span>Scientific Review Branch (SRB)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofIntramuralResearch(DIR)" type="button" > <span>Division of Intramural Research (DIR)</span> </button> <ul id="basic-mobile-nav-section-DivisionofIntramuralResearch(DIR)" class="usa-accordion__content" data-allow-multiple> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dir" class="parent-link"> <span>Division of Intramural Research (DIR)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dir/osd"> <span>Office of the Scientific Director (OSD)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dir/dph"> <span>Division of Population Health Research (DiPHR)</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/research/atNICHD/Investigators"> <span>Principal Investigators</span> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-menu-link"> <a href="/about/org/dir/affinity-groups"> <span>Affinity Groups</span> </a> </li> 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type="submit">Print</button> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 region-content"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>  <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-nichd-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <h1 class="uswds-page-title page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Promoting Safe and Healthy Summers</span> </h1> </div> <div id="block-mobile-related-external-spn-url" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-field:node:field-related-external-spn-url related-external-link display-block tablet:display-none mobile-related-external-link"> <div class="button-wrapper usa-button"> <a lang="es" class="button-link" aria-label="Visita esta página en español" href="http://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/noticias/prensa/promocion-segura-saludable-veranos-agosto2024">En Español</a> <svg class="usa-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/uswds_nichd/assets/img/sprite.svg#arrow_forward"></use> </svg> </div> </div> <div id="block-nichd-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="1749148"> <div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><section class="block block-nichd-news block-news-archive-banner clearfix" id="block-newsarchivebanner"><div class="archived-content-banner" role="complementary"><table><tbody><tr><td class="archived-content-banner-image"><img src="/themes/custom/nichd/images/legacy/folder.png" alt="This Director's Corner is archived"></td><td class="archived-content-banner-text"><strong>NICHD Archive</strong><br><strong>Note:</strong> Information on this page was accurate at the time of publication.<br>This page is no longer being updated.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><p><img src="/sites/default/files/2024-08/080524-safe-health-summers-DC.jpg" alt="Shining sun, windy beach with palm trees, lifesaving devices on a dock overlooking the water, wheelchair racer." width="400" height="210" loading="lazy"></p><p>Summer’s long days and warm weather allow for more time spent outdoors, benefiting physical and mental health. Taking breaks from work to focus on leisure activities—including watching the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games—may help reduce stress.</p><p>While summer has many advantages, it is also a season marked by extreme heat and other natural disasters. Rates of certain accidents and injuries, such as drowning, peak during the summer. NICHD supports research that seeks to understand the impacts of climate change, prevent drownings, and help ensure safe participation in summer sports.</p><h2>Understanding the Impact of Natural Disasters</h2><p><a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/global-climate-202406" target="_blank">The days are getting hotter</a>. June 2024 was the 13th consecutive month to break global temperature records. High temperatures affect health in many ways, including by raising risk for pregnancy-related complications. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37676659/" target="_blank">A recent NIH-supported study</a> found links between both short- and long-term exposure to extreme heat during pregnancy and a higher risk of developing life-threatening complications during labor and delivery. Other work has revealed connections between heat exposure and adverse infant outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. An ongoing NICHD-funded study is assessing possible relationships between <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10701681" target="_blank">heat exposure and miscarriage</a>.</p><p>Extreme heat can be a contributing factor to other natural disasters, including hurricanes. These extreme weather events can have far-reaching effects, from causing injuries and trauma to disrupting the food supply. Substantial research has focused on the short-term consequences of such disasters. One NICHD-funded study is <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10424427" target="_blank">evaluating the long-term effects of Hurricane Katrina</a>, which struck New Orleans in 2005. Researchers are examining the extent to which residents affected by Katrina moved from one residence to another, their economic status, and their health outcomes in the decade following the disaster.</p><p>Due to their physiology and stage of development, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2024.100335" target="_blank">children experience different health consequences of heat</a> <a href="/external-disclaimer" target="_blank" tabindex="0" title="(Link is external)" aria-label="(Link is external)"><img class="data-external" src="/themes/custom/nichd/images/externallink.svg" alt="external link" width="23" height="19" loading="lazy"></a> and other natural disasters, compared to adults. NICHD-funded research seeks to understand <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10821491" target="_blank">the indirect burden of natural disasters on child health</a>—illnesses and deaths due to conditions such as compromised food security and lack of clean water.</p><h2>Preventing Drownings</h2><p>Drowning deaths tend to peak in the summer months. In the United States, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/drowning/index.html" target="_blank">drowning deaths increased in 2020 through 2022</a>, compared to 2019 levels. Drowning remains the leading cause of death among children ages 1 to 4 years.</p><p>Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/drowning/risk-factors/index.html" target="_blank">much higher risk of drowning</a> than their peers. This may be due, in part, to the tendencies of children with ASD to wander, to be fascinated by water, and to be less perceptive of danger. Swimming lessons are widely recommended to help promote water safety and prevent drownings, but little research has focused on evaluating swim instruction for children with ASD. NICHD is funding <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10809351" target="_blank">a randomized controlled trial designed to provide insights into the best strategies for teaching swimming and water safety skills to children with ASD</a>.</p><p>This study is one of several projects awarded in response to NIH’s <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-HD-21-048.html" target="_blank">Notice of Special Interest</a> to encourage and facilitate scientific discovery for drowning prevention. Another recently funded project seeks to <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10887815" target="_blank">develop and test a virtual reality environment for lifeguard training and research</a>. Many drownings occur despite the presence of lifeguards, and better understanding the sources of these events will help guide development of targeted trainings for lifeguards. Other work strives to <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10647460" target="_blank">understand the effectiveness of state and local drowning prevention policies in reducing racial disparities in drowning rates</a>.</p><h2>Advancing Sports Medicine</h2><p>Water sports are among the many athletic events being featured at the 2024 Olympic Games, with the Paralympics set to begin on August 28. NICHD works to promote physical activity and safe participation in sports for its populations of interest, including people with disabilities. Beyond the physical benefits, participating in sports can reduce anxiety and depression and enhance satisfaction with life.</p><p>Paralympic and adaptive athletes may experience unique patterns of injury and illness, as former Paralympian wheelchair racer Cheri Blauwet, M.D., discussed in <a href="https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=54454&start=6551" target="_blank">a recent presentation for the National Advisory Board on Medical Rehabilitation Research</a>. Dr. Blauwet’s research focuses on understanding the impact of community-based adaptive sports and preventing injuries among elite Paralympic athletes.</p><p>One of our current grantees, Kerri Morgan, Ph.D., at Washington University in St. Louis, is working to engage more wheelchair users in physical activity. A three-time Paralympian, Dr. Morgan is now leading a project to <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10598219" target="_blank">evaluate the effects of a community-based aerobic and strength training program on the cardiometabolic health of wheelchair users</a>.</p><p>Through research, we can identify evidence-based strategies to help ensure active, healthy, and safe summers for all.</p></div> </div> </article> </div> </div>  <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top"> <a href="#" class="back-to-top-text"> <img class="bttarrow-icon" src="/themes/custom/uswds_nichd/img/backtotop.svg" alt="top of page"> BACK TO TOP </a> </div> </div> <aside aria-label="sidebar-second" class="tablet:grid-col-4 sidebar-second padding-top-2"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-related-external-spn-url" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-field:node:field-related-external-spn-url display-none tablet:display-block related-external-link"> <div class="button-wrapper 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