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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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id="toc-발명과_발견-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">기원전 제4천년기</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 67개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_4_%D9%82.%D9%85" title="ألفية 4 ق.م – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفية 4 ق.م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_4_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لألفية 4 قبل لميلاد – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألفية 4 قبل لميلاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniu_IV_e.C." title="Mileniu IV e.C. – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mileniu IV e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Joatausend_v._Chr." title="4. Joatausend v. Chr. – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="4. Joatausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="4 тысячагоддзе да н.э. – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="4 тысячагоддзе да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="IV тысячагодзьдзе да н. э. – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="IV тысячагодзьдзе да н. э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="4 хилядолетие пр.н.е. – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="4 хилядолетие пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A7%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব ৪র্থ সহস্রাব্দ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব ৪র্থ সহস্রাব্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._milenij_p._n._e." title="4. milenij p. n. e. – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="4. milenij p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%C2%B7lenni_IV_aC" title="Mil·lenni IV aC – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mil·lenni IV aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._tis%C3%ADcilet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="4. tisíciletí př. n. l. – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="4. tisíciletí př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F._%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87._4-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="П. эрч. 4-мĕш пинçуллăх – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="П. эрч. 4-мĕш пинçуллăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A5rtusinde_f.Kr." title="4. årtusinde f.Kr. – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="4. årtusinde f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Jahrtausend_v._Chr." title="4. Jahrtausend v. Chr. – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="4. Jahrtausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="4η χιλιετία π.Χ. – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="4η χιλιετία π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="4th millennium BC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-a_jarmilo_a.K." title="4-a jarmilo a.K. – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="4-a jarmilo a.K." data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_milenio_a._C." title="IV milenio a. C. – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IV milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._aastatuhat_eKr" title="4. aastatuhat eKr – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="4. aastatuhat eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._4._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 4. milurtekoa – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 4. milurtekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="هزاره چهارم (پیش از میلاد) – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هزاره چهارم (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelj%C3%A4s_vuosituhat_eaa." title="Neljäs vuosituhat eaa. – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neljäs vuosituhat eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A1rat%C3%BAsund_f.Kr." title="4. áratúsund f.Kr. – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="4. áratúsund f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IVe millénaire av. J.-C. – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IVe millénaire av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._juard%C3%BC%C3%BCsen_f.Kr." title="4. juardüüsen f.Kr. – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="4. juardüüsen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuart_mileni_p.d.C." title="Cuart mileni p.d.C. – 프리울리어" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cuart mileni p.d.C." data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="프리울리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4e_milennium_f.Kr." title="4e milennium f.Kr. – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="4e milennium f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/4mh_m%C3%ACle-bliadhna_RC" title="4mh mìle-bliadhna RC – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="4mh mìle-bliadhna RC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_milenio_a._C." title="IV milenio a. C. – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IV milenio a. C." data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94-4_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="האלף ה-4 לפנה"ס – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האלף ה-4 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._tisu%C4%87lje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="4. tisućljeće pr. Kr. – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="4. tisućljeće pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._4._%C3%A9vezred" title="I. e. 4. évezred – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 4. évezred" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-4_SM" title="Milenium ke-4 SM – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Milenium ke-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/4ma_yarmilo_aK" title="4ma yarmilo aK – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="4ma yarmilo aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A1r%C3%BE%C3%BAsundi%C3%B0_f.Kr." title="4. árþúsundið f.Kr. – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="4. árþúsundið f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_millennio_a.C." title="IV millennio a.C. – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IV millennio a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D4%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前4千年紀 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前4千年紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._IV_%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვ. წ. IV ათასწლეული – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. IV ათასწლეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_4_a.C.n." title="Millennium 4 a.C.n. – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Millennium 4 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Joerdausend_v._Chr." title="4. Joerdausend v. Chr. – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="4. Joerdausend v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_t%C5%ABkstantmetis_pr._m._e." title="4 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e. – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="4 tūkstantmetis pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.पू.चे ४ थे सहस्रक – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू.चे ४ थे सहस्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenium_ke-4_SM" title="Milenium ke-4 SM – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Milenium ke-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarto_mil%C3%A9nio_antes_de_Cristo" title="Quarto milénio antes de Cristo – 미란데어" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quarto milénio antes de Cristo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="미란데어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4e_millennium_v.Chr." title="4e millennium v.Chr. – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="4e millennium v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A5rtusen_f.Kr." title="4. årtusen f.Kr. – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="4. årtusen f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenni_IV_abC" title="Millenni IV abC – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Millenni IV abC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_tysi%C4%85clecie_p.n.e." title="IV tysiąclecie p.n.e. – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IV tysiąclecie p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarto_mil%C3%A9nio_a.C." title="Quarto milénio a.C. – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quarto milénio a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileniul_al_IV-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Mileniul al IV-lea î.Hr. – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mileniul al IV-lea î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="4-е тысячелетие до н. э. – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="4-е тысячелетие до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD._%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="4 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="4 б. э. инн. тыһыынча сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._milenijum_pne." title="4. milenijum pne. – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="4. milenijum pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="4th millennium BC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="4. tisícročie pred Kr. – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="4. tisícročie pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._tiso%C4%8Dletje_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="4. tisočletje pr. n. št. – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="4. tisočletje pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="4. миленијум п. н. е. – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4. миленијум п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/3000-talet_f.Kr._(millennium)" title="3000-talet f.Kr. (millennium) – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="3000-talet f.Kr. (millennium)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenia_ya_4_KK" title="Milenia ya 4 KK – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milenia ya 4 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81_4%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கிமு 4ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிமு 4ஆம் ஆயிரமாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="4-те тисячоліття до н. е. – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="4-те тисячоліття до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ni%C3%AAn_k%E1%BB%B7_4_TCN" title="Thiên niên kỷ 4 TCN – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên niên kỷ 4 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-4_nga_yukottuig_UC" title="Ika-4 nga yukottuig UC – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-4 nga yukottuig UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D4%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="前4千纪 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前4千纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._IV_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჯვ. წ. IV ვითოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. 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<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png/220px-Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png/330px-Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png/440px-Menhirmonted%27accoddi.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%AC%ED%85%8C_%EB%8B%A4%EC%BD%94%EB%94%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="몬테 다코디 (없는 문서)">몬테 다코디</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이탈리아">이탈리아</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%83%90%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="사르데냐주">사르데냐주</a>에 위치한 고고학 유적지다. 기원전 4000년경 건축되었다.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>기원전 제4천년기</b>는 기원전 4000년부터 기원전 3001년까지를 일컫는다. 이 시기에 인간의 문화는 몇가지 중대한 변화를 맞이한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="청동기">청동기</a>의 시작과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="문자">문자</a>의 발명이 그것으로, 특히 문자는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="역사 시대">역사 시대</a>로 들어서는데 큰 역할을 하게 되었다. </p><p>기원전 제4천년기에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>의 도시 국가들과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="고대 이집트">이집트</a> 왕국이 건국되고 이후 큰 문명으로 발전하게 되었다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EA%B2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="농경">농경</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="유라시아">유라시아</a> 전역에 널리 퍼져나갔다. 이 1000년간 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="세계 인구">세계 인구</a>는 700만 명에서 1400만 명 정도로 늘어나 두 배로 증가했다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="문화"><span id=".EB.AC.B8.ED.99.94"></span>문화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C4%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 문화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%83%80%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84" title="메소포타미아">메소포타미아</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC_%EA%B8%B0" title="우루크 기">우루크 기</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>의 선대 문화) - 기원전 4100~3100년.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C_%EC%97%98%EB%9E%8C" title="원시 엘람">원시 엘람</a> - 기원전 3200년~.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="후르리인">후르리인</a>들이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%BC%80%EC%89%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="우르케쉬 (없는 문서)">우르케쉬</a> (시리아 북부)를 건국.</li></ul></li> <li>아시아 <ul><li>한반도에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%97%EC%82%B4%EB%AC%B4%EB%8A%AC%ED%86%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="빗살무늬토기 시대">빗살무늬토기 시대</a>를 이어갔다. (기원전 8000년~2000년)</li> <li>중국에서는 신석기 문명이 출현했다. 이들은 천과 도자기 (주로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%82%AC%EC%98%A4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="양사오 문화">양사오 문화</a>와 룽산 문화)를 제작하고 삼베옷을 입었으며 돼지와 개를 길렀다.</li> <li>베트남에서는 처음으로 청동기 문화가 출현했다. 이를 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%99%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="동다우 문화 (없는 문서)">동다우 문화</a> (기원전 4000년~<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_2500%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 2500년">2500년</a>)라고 부르며 화려한 청동기가 많이 만들어졌다.</li> <li>오스트로네시아인들이 발전된 항해술을 바탕으로 중국 대륙에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%99%84" class="mw-redirect" title="타이완">타이완</a> 섬으로 이동 (기원전 4000~3000년).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유럽의 신석기 시대 (없는 문서)">신석기 시대 유럽</a>과 서유라시아 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%ED%83%80" title="크레타">크레타섬</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%95%84_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="미노아 문명">미노아 문명</a> 발생.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%8C%EB%82%98_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="얌나 문화">얌나 문화</a> (쿠르간 문화) - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EA%B7%B8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스레드니 스토그 문화 (없는 문서)">스레드니 스토그 문화</a>의 뒤를 잇는 문화. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%84_%ED%95%99%EC%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿠르간 학설 (없는 문서)">쿠르간 학설</a>에서는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="원인도유럽인 (없는 문서)">원인도유럽인</a> 문화의 중심지로 봄.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%98%ED%98%88_%EB%AC%B4%EB%8D%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="수혈 무덤 (없는 문서)">수혈 무덤</a> (쿠르간 문화) - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스레드니 스토크 문화 (없는 문서)">스레드니 스토크 문화</a>의 뒤를 잇는 유적지. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="구석기 지속론 (없는 문서)">구석기 지속론</a>에서는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9B%90%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="원인도유럽인 (없는 문서)">원인도유럽인</a> 문화의 중심지로 봄.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="캅카스">캅카스</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="메이코프 문화 (없는 문서)">메이코프 문화</a> (기원전 3700~3000년경) - 당대 쿠르간 문화에 속했으며 유럽의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99" title="청동">청동</a> 제작 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="청동기 시대">청동기 시대</a>의 기원지로 거론되는 곳 중 하나.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B9%88%EC%B0%A8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="빈차 문화 (없는 문서)">빈차 문화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EC%84%B8%EB%B3%B4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아파나세보 문화 (없는 문서)">아파나세보 문화</a> (기원전 3500~2500년경) - 시베리아, 몽골, 신장, 카자흐스탄 지역에 있었던 후기 구리 시대 및 초기 청동기 시대 문화.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC_%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9D_%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="폰스카스피 스텝 지대 (없는 문서)">얌나/쿠르간 문화</a> (기원전 3500–2300년경) - 폰스카스피 지역 (흑해 동부).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC-%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BD%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿠라-아락세스 문화 (없는 문서)">쿠라-아락세스 문화</a> (기원전 3400~2000년경) — 아라라트 평원에 있던 초창기 문화</li></ul></li> <li>유럽 본토 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="트리필리아 문화 (없는 문서)">트리필리아 문화</a> - 15,000명이 거주하는 도시로 기원전 5500~2750년 존속.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%A0%EC%82%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스칸디나비아의 선사 시대 (없는 문서)">푼넬베커 문화</a> (기원전 4000~2700년경)가 유럽 남부에서 기원하여 지금의 우플란드로 조금씩 북상했다.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%95%84%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99" title="인도 아대륙">인도 아대륙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="인더스 문명">인더스 문명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4" title="메르가르">메르가르</a> 3~6기</li></ul></li> <li>아프리카 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%BC%EA%B0%95" title="나일강">나일강</a> 유역의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%98%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="나가다 문화 (없는 문서)">나가다 문화</a> (기원전 4000~<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3000%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 3000년">3000년</a>. 지금까지 발견된 것 중 가장 오래된 상형문자가 기원전 3500년경 이 문화에서 출현했다. 아비도스의 한 통치자 무덤에 새겨진 표지에서 발견.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="발명과_발견"><span id=".EB.B0.9C.EB.AA.85.EA.B3.BC_.EB.B0.9C.EA.B2.AC"></span>발명과 발견</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C4%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 발명과 발견"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg/170px-Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg/255px-Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg/340px-Sumerian_26th_c_Adab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>수메르의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%90%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="쐐기문자">쐐기문자</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_4000%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 4000년">기원전 4000년</a>경 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>에서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%90%EB%AC%BC%EB%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="손물레 (없는 문서)">손물레</a> 발명.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="수사">수사</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0" title="도자기">도자기</a> 제작의 중심지로 탈바꿈.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9D%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유라시아 스텝지대 (없는 문서)">유라시아 스텝지대</a>에서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%90%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%B6%95%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="말의 가축화 (없는 문서)">말 사육</a>이 처음으로 이뤄짐. 정확한 지점은 지금의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄">카자흐스탄</a> 북부 (<a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="보타이 문화">보타이 문화</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3500%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 3500년">기원전 3500년</a>~<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_2340%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 2340년">기원전 2340년</a>경 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>에서 바퀴 수레, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%86%90%EB%AC%BC%EB%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="손물레 (없는 문서)">손물레</a>, 청동기와 무기를 제작하고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="지구라트">지구라트</a> 건설.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3250%EB%85%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기원전 3250년 (없는 문서)">기원전 3250년</a>경 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%BC%EB%8F%99" title="고대 근동">고대 근동</a> 지역에서 손물레 발명.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3138%EB%85%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기원전 3138년 (없는 문서)">기원전 3138년</a>경 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="유럽">유럽</a>에서 처음으로 바퀴 출현. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="슬로베니아">슬로베니아</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A5%98%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%8A%B5%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="류블랴나 습지 (없는 문서)">류블랴나 습지</a>에서 발견된 나무 바퀴인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A5%98%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%B4%EB%82%98_%EC%8A%B5%EC%A7%80_%EB%B0%94%ED%80%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="류블랴나 습지 바퀴 (없는 문서)">류블랴나 습지 바퀴</a>가 바로 그것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-Slovenia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slovenia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 탄소연대 측정으로는 약 5,150년 전의 것으로 추정되며 현재까지 발견된 것 중에서 가장 오래된 나무 바퀴이기도 하다.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3000%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 3000년">기원전 3000년</a>경 <ul><li>이 시기 직후 메소포타미아에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="주석">주석</a>을 다루기 시작.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%83%80%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84" title="메소포타미아">메소포타미아</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="이집트">이집트</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%ED%99%94" title="도시화">도시화</a>가 시작.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC" title="우루크">우루크</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%82%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="수사">수사</a>의 도시국가에서 처음으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="문자">문자</a>를 사용 (<a href="/wiki/%EC%90%90%EA%B8%B0_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="쐐기 문자">쐐기 문자</a>). <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="이집트">이집트</a>에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EC%83%81%ED%98%95%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="이집트 상형문자">상형문자</a>가 본격적으로 발전. <ul><li>이 시기 수메르 문자는 점토판에 기록됐으며 2,000여개의 상징부호가 등장했다.</li></ul></li> <li>지금의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EA%B4%80%EA%B5%AC" title="남부 연방관구">러시아 남부</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98" title="우크라이나">우크라이나</a>의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%84_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿠르간 문화 (없는 문서)">쿠르간 문화</a>에서 처음으로 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%90%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%B6%95%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="말의 가축화 (없는 문서)">말 사육</a>을 시작한 것으로 추정.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%BC%EA%B0%95" title="나일강">나일강</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%9B" title="돛">돛</a> 사용 시작.</li> <li>잉글랜드에서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스위트 트랙 (없는 문서)">스위트 트랙</a> 건설. 세계 최초로 기술공법으로 만들어진 도로.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="인더스 문명">인더스 문명</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%88%98_(%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99)" title="배수 (공학)">배수로</a>와 저수지, 하수처리장 출현.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4" title="수메르">수메르</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%97%EB%A9%B4" title="빗면">빗면</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A0%88" title="지레">지레</a>를 이용해 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%90" title="댐">댐</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%ED%95%98" title="운하">운하</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%9D%EC%A1%B0%EB%AC%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="석조물 (없는 문서)">석조물</a> 건설.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="구리">구리</a>가 도구와 무기로 사용.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%8F%99" title="청동">청동</a>이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="메이코프 문화 (없는 문서)">메이코프 문화</a>에서 사용.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%ED%94%BC%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C" title="이집트 피라미드">이집트 피라미드</a>의 원조인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%B0%94" title="마스타바">마스타바</a> 건설.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4%ED%97%A8%EC%A7%80" title="스톤헨지">스톤헨지</a>의 첫단계 (흙으로 쌓은 원형 둑과 수로) 건설. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_3100%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 3100년">기원전 3100년</a>경.</li> <li>아일랜드의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0_%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세이데 필드 (없는 문서)">세이데 필드</a> 조성. 세계에서 가장 오래된 사육장이라는 주장이 제기되고 있다.</li> <li>이집트와 남동유럽에서 흰색 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0" title="도자기">도자기</a>를 처음으로 제작.</li> <li>이집트에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%94%84" title="하프">하프</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="피리">피리</a> 연주. <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%9D%BC_(%EC%95%85%EA%B8%B0)" title="리라 (악기)">리라</a>와 이중 피리 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아르굴 (없는 문서)">아르굴</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EC%A5%90%EC%A6%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미쥐즈 (없는 문서)">미쥐즈</a>)도 만들어졌다.</li> <li>이집트와 수메르에서 구리합금 이용. 금과 은 합금법도 널리 알려졌다.</li> <li>이집트에서 초창기 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%98%EB%B2%95" title="기수법">기수법</a> 사용.</li> <li>중동에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%ED%8F%AC" title="아마포">아마포</a> 생산.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C4%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Federico Lara Peinado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid: "La Civilización Sumeria". <i>Historia</i> 16, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slovenia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Slovenia_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gasser, Aleksander (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826021129/http://www.ukom.gov.si/en/media_room/background_information/culture/worlds_oldest_wheel_found_in_slovenia/">“World's Oldest Wheel Found in Slovenia”</a>. Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2016년 8월 26일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukom.gov.si/en/media_room/background_information/culture/worlds_oldest_wheel_found_in_slovenia/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 7월 28일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Oldest+Wheel+Found+in+Slovenia&rft.pub=Government+Communication+Office+of+the+Republic+of+Slovenia&rft.date=2003-03&rft.au=Gasser%2C+Aleksander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukom.gov.si%2Fen%2Fmedia_room%2Fbackground_information%2Fculture%2Fworlds_oldest_wheel_found_in_slovenia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84+%EC%A0%9C4%EC%B2%9C%EB%85%84%EA%B8%B0" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, J: <i>History of the World</i>. Penguin, 1994.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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