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baffles</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: baffles"> <meta name="keywords" content="baffles"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="baffles"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 23</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: baffles</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Effect of Baffles on the Cooling of Electronic Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Bendermel">O. Bendermel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Seladji"> C. Seladji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khaouani"> M. Khaouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we made a numerical study of the thermal and dynamic behaviour of air in a horizontal channel with electronic components. The influence to use baffles on the profiles of velocity and temperature is discussed. The finite volume method and the algorithm Simple are used for solving the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The results found show that baffles improve heat transfer between the cooling air and electronic components. The velocity will increase from 3 times per rapport of the initial velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20components" title="electronic components">electronic components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluids%20engineering" title=" fluids engineering"> fluids engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5304/effect-of-baffles-on-the-cooling-of-electronic-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Heat Transfer Performance for Turbulent Flow through a Tube Using Baffles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Benabderrahmane">Amina Benabderrahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelylah%20Benazza"> Abdelylah Benazza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Laouedj"> Samir Laouedj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three dimensional numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement inside a non-uniformly heated parabolic trough solar collector fitted with baffles under turbulent flow was studied in the current paper. Molten salt is used as heat transfer fluid and simulations are carried out in ANSYS computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The present data was validating by the empirical correlations available in the literatures and good agreement was obtained. The Nusselt number and friction factor values for using baffles are considerably higher than that for smooth pipe. The emplacement and the distance between two consecutive baffles have an effect non-negligible on heat transfer characteristics; the results demonstrate that the temperature gradient reduces with the inclusion of inserts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baffles" title="Baffles">Baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20enhancement" title=" heat transfer enhancement"> heat transfer enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20salt" title=" molten salt"> molten salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20ray%20trace%20technique" title=" Monte Carlo ray trace technique"> Monte Carlo ray trace technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20investigation" title=" numerical investigation "> numerical investigation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56049/heat-transfer-performance-for-turbulent-flow-through-a-tube-using-baffles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Study the Sloshing Phenomenon in the Tank Filled Partially with Liquid Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar">Amit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaikumar%20V"> Jaikumar V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20AG"> Pradeep AG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20%20Bhavi"> Shivakumar Bhavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reducing sloshing is one of the major challenges in industries where transporting of liquid involved. The present study investigates the sloshing effect for different liquid levels 25%, 50%, and 75% of the tank capacity. CFD simulation for three different liquid levels has been carried out using a time-based multiphase Volume of fluid (VOF) scheme. Baffles were introduced to examine the sloshing effect inside the tank. Results were compared against the baseline case to assess the effectiveness of baffles. Maximum liquid height over the period of the simulation was considered as the parameter for measuring the sloshing effect inside the tank. It was found that the addition of baffles reduced the sloshing effect inside the tank as compared to the baseline model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title="sloshing">sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOF" title=" VOF"> VOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139100/study-the-sloshing-phenomenon-in-the-tank-filled-partially-with-liquid-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Effect of Bottom Shape and Baffle Length on the Flow Field in Stirred Tanks in Turbulent and Transitional Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Dong">Jie Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binjie%20Hu"> Binjie Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20W%20Pacek"> Andrzej W Pacek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaogang%20Yang"> Xiaogang Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20J.%20Miles"> Nicholas J. Miles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of the shape of the vessel bottom and the length of baffles on the velocity distributions in a turbulent and in a transitional flow has been simulated. The turbulent flow was simulated using standard <em>k</em>-<em>ε</em> model and simulation was verified using LES whereas transitional flow was simulated using only LES. It has been found that both the shape of tank bottom and the baffles’ length has significant effect on the flow pattern and velocity distribution below the impeller. In the dished bottom tank with baffles reaching the edge of the dish, the large rotating volume of liquid was formed below the impeller. Liquid in this rotating region was not fully mixing. A dead zone was formed here. The size and the intensity of circulation within this zone calculated by <em>k</em>-<em>ε</em> model and LES were practically identical what reinforces the accuracy of the numerical simulations. Both types of simulations also show that employing full-length baffles can reduce the size of dead zone formed below the impeller. The LES was also used to simulate the velocity distribution below the impeller in transitional flow and it has been found that secondary circulation loops were formed near the tank bottom in all investigated geometries. However, in this case the length of baffles has smaller effect on the volume of rotating liquid than in the turbulent flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles%20length" title="baffles length">baffles length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dished%20bottom" title=" dished bottom"> dished bottom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dead%20zone" title=" dead zone"> dead zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20field" title=" flow field"> flow field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46690/the-effect-of-bottom-shape-and-baffle-length-on-the-flow-field-in-stirred-tanks-in-turbulent-and-transitional-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Effect of Number of Baffles on Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Falavand%20Jozaei">A. Falavand Jozaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghafouri"> A. Ghafouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mosavi%20Navaei"> M. Mosavi Navaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper for a given heat duty, study of number of baffles on pressure drop and heat transfer is considered in a STHX (Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger) with single segmental baffles. The effect of number of baffles from 9 to 52 baffles (baffle spacing variations from 4 to 24 inches) over OHTC (Overall Heat Hransfer Coefficient) to pressure drop ratio (U/Δp ratio). The results show that U/Δp ratio is low when baffle spacing is minimum (4 inches) because pressure drop is high; however, heat transfer coefficient is very significant. Then, with the increase of baffle spacing, pressure drop rapidly decreases and OHTC also decreases, but the decrease of OHTC is lower than pressure drop, so (U/Δp) ratio increases. After increasing baffles more than 12 inches, variation in pressure drop is gradual and approximately constant and OHTC decreases; Consequently, U/Δp ratio decreases again. If baffle spacing reaches to 24 inches, STHX will have minimum pressure drop, but OHTC decreases, so required heat transfer surface increases and U/Δp ratio decreases. After baffle spacing more than 12 inches, variation of shell side pressure drop is negligible. So optimum baffle spacing is suggested between 8 to 12 inches (43 to 63 percent of inside shell diameter) for a sufficient heat duty and low pressure drop. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20and%20tube%20heat%20exchanger" title="shell and tube heat exchanger">shell and tube heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20segmental%20baffle" title=" single segmental baffle"> single segmental baffle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" overall heat transfer coefficient"> overall heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18303/effect-of-number-of-baffles-on-pressure-drop-and-heat-transfer-in-a-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Performance by Use of Porous Baffles and Nanofluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Targui">N. Targui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kahalerras"> H. Kahalerras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is a numerical simulation of nanofluids flow in a double pipe heat exchanger provided with porous baffles. The hot nanofluid flows in the inner cylinder, whereas the cold nanofluid circulates in the annular gap. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is adopted to describe the flow in the porous regions, and the governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the finite volume method. The results reveal that the addition of metallic nanoparticles enhances the rate of heat transfer in comparison to conventional fluids but this augmentation is accompanied by an increase in pressure drop. The highest heat exchanger performances are obtained when nanoparticles are added only to the cold fluid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20pipe%20heat%20exchanger" title="double pipe heat exchanger">double pipe heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20baffles" title=" porous baffles"> porous baffles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9396/analysis-of-a-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-performance-by-use-of-porous-baffles-and-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Effect of Using Baffles Inside Spiral Micromixer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delara%20Soltani">Delara Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Alimohammadi"> Sajad Alimohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Persoons"> Tim Persoons</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microfluidic technology reveals a new area of research in drug delivery, biomedical diagnostics, and the food and chemical industries. Mixing is an essential part of microfluidic devices. There is a need for fast and homogeneous mixing in microfluidic devices. On the other hand, mixing is difficult to achieve in microfluidic devices because of the size and laminar flow in these devices. In this study, a hybrid passive micromixer of a curved channel with obstacles inside the channel is designed. The computational fluid dynamic method is employed to solve governing equations. The results show that using obstacles can improve mixing efficiency in spiral micromixers. the effects of Reynolds number, number, and position of baffles are investigated. In addition, the effect of baffles on pressure drop is presented. this novel micromixer has the potential to utilize in microfluidic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromixer" title=" micromixer"> micromixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral" title=" spiral"> spiral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reynolds%20number" title=" reynolds number"> reynolds number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160077/effect-of-using-baffles-inside-spiral-micromixer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Study the Sloshing Phenomenon in the Tank Filled Partially with Liquid Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar">Amit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaikumar%20V."> Jaikumar V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20A.%20G."> Pradeep A. G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20%20Bhavi"> Shivakumar Bhavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amit Kumar, Jaikumar V, Pradeep AG, Shivakumar Bhavi Reducing sloshing is one of the major challenges in industries where transporting of liquid is involved. The present study investigates the sloshing effect for different liquid levels of 50% of the tank capacity. CFD simulation for two different baffle configurations has been carried out using a time-based multiphase Volume of fluid (VOF) scheme. Baffles were introduced to examine the sloshing effect inside the tank. Results were compared against the baseline case to assess the effectiveness of baffles; maximum liquid height over the period of the simulation was considered as the parameter for measuring the sloshing effect inside the tank. It was found that the addition of baffles reduced the sloshing effect inside the tank as compared to the baseline model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title=" sloshing"> sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOF" title=" VOF"> VOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase" title=" multiphase"> multiphase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143448/study-the-sloshing-phenomenon-in-the-tank-filled-partially-with-liquid-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Fouling Mitigation Using Helical Baffle Heat Exchangers and Comparative Analysis Using HTRI Xchanger Suite® Educational Software </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20P.%20Chadayamuri">Kiran P. Chadayamuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saransh%20Bagdi"> Saransh Bagdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat from one fluid to another via convection and conduction. The need for effective heat transfer has made their presence vital in hundreds of industries including petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, fertiliser plants and pharmaceutical companies. Fouling has been one of the major problems hindering efficient transfer of thermal energy in heat exchangers. Several design changes have been coined for fighting fouling. A recent development involves using helical baffles in place of conventional segmented baffles in shell and tube heat exchangers. The aim of this paper is to understand the advantages of helical baffle exchangers, how they aid in fouling mitigation and its corresponding limitations. A comparative analysis was conducted between a helical baffle heat exchanger and a conventional segmented baffle heat exchanger using HTRI Xchanger Suite® Educational software and conclusions were drawn to study how the heat transfer process differs in the two cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchangers" title=" heat exchangers"> heat exchangers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouling%20mitigation" title=" fouling mitigation"> fouling mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20baffles" title=" helical baffles"> helical baffles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49858/fouling-mitigation-using-helical-baffle-heat-exchangers-and-comparative-analysis-using-htri-xchanger-suite-educational-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Mechanistic Modelling to De-risk Process Scale-up</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cartledge">Edwin Cartledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Clark"> Jack Clark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazaher%20Molaei-Chalchooghi"> Mazaher Molaei-Chalchooghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mixing in the crystallization step of active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturers was studied via advanced modeling tools to enable a successful scale-up. A virtual representation of the vessel was created, and computational fluid dynamics were used to simulate multiphase flow and, thus, the mixing environment within this vessel. The study identified a significant dead zone in the vessel underneath the impeller and found that increasing the impeller speed and power did not improve the mixing. A series of sensitivity analyses found that to improve mixing, the vessel had to be redesigned, and found that optimal mixing could be obtained by adding two extra cylindrical baffles. The same two baffles from the simulated environment were then constructed and added to the process vessel. By identifying these potential issues before starting the manufacture and modifying the vessel to ensure good mixing, this study mitigated a failed crystallization and potential batch disposal, which could have resulted in a significant loss of high-value material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20pharmaceutical%20ingredient" title="active pharmaceutical ingredient">active pharmaceutical ingredient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165825/mechanistic-modelling-to-de-risk-process-scale-up" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Computational Study of Very High Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Circular Duct with Hemispherical Inline Baffles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipak%20Sen">Dipak Sen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajdeep%20Ghosh"> Rajdeep Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a computational study of steady state three dimensional very high turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in a constant temperature-surfaced circular duct fitted with 900 hemispherical inline baffles. The computations are based on realizable k-ɛ model with standard wall function considering the finite volume method, and the SIMPLE algorithm has been implemented. Computational Study are carried out for Reynolds number, Re ranging from 80000 to 120000, Prandtl Number, Pr of 0.73, Pitch Ratios, PR of 1,2,3,4,5 based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel, hydrodynamic entry length, thermal entry length and the test section. Ansys Fluent 15.0 software has been used to solve the flow field. Study reveals that circular pipe having baffles has a higher Nusselt number and friction factor compared to the smooth circular pipe without baffles. Maximum Nusselt number and friction factor are obtained for the PR=5 and PR=1 respectively. Nusselt number increases while pitch ratio increases in the range of study; however, friction factor also decreases up to PR 3 and after which it becomes almost constant up to PR 5. Thermal enhancement factor increases with increasing pitch ratio but with slightly decreasing Reynolds number in the range of study and becomes almost constant at higher Reynolds number. The computational results reveal that optimum thermal enhancement factor of 900 inline hemispherical baffle is about 1.23 for pitch ratio 5 at Reynolds number 120000.It also shows that the optimum pitch ratio for which the baffles can be installed in such very high turbulent flows should be 5. Results show that pitch ratio and Reynolds number play an important role on both fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title="friction factor">friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20duct" title=" circular duct"> circular duct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffle" title=" baffle"> baffle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20ratio" title=" pitch ratio"> pitch ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27300/a-computational-study-of-very-high-turbulent-flow-and-heat-transfer-characteristics-in-circular-duct-with-hemispherical-inline-baffles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Scale Growth Characteristics of Crystallisation Scale in Agitation Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanjit%20%20Das">Prasanjit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%20.M.%20K.%20Khan"> M .M. K. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Wu"> Jie Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Youn"> I. Youn </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crystallisation scale occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate from an aqueous solution. To investigate the crystallisation scale growth of normal solubility salt, a lab-scale agitation tank with and without baffles were used as a benchmark using potassium nitrate as the test fluid. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) solution in this test leads to crystallisation scale on heat transfer surfaces. This experimental investigation has focused on the effect of surface crystallisation of potassium nitrate on the low-temperature heat exchange surfaces on the wall of the agitation tank. The impeller agitation rate affects the scaling rate at the low-temperature agitation wall and it shows a decreasing scaling rate with an increasing agitation rate. It was observed that there was a significant variation of heat transfer coefficients and scaling resistance coefficients with different agitation rate as well as with varying impeller size, tank with and without baffles and solution concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallisation" title="crystallisation">crystallisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" heat transfer coefficient"> heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale" title=" scale"> scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80971/experimental-investigation-of-heat-transfer-and-scale-growth-characteristics-of-crystallisation-scale-in-agitation-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Environmental Modeling of Storm Water Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Grinis">L. Grinis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turbulent flow in complex geometries receives considerable attention due to its importance in many engineering applications. It has been the subject of interest for many researchers. Some of these interests include the design of storm water channels. The design of these channels requires testing through physical models. The main practical limitation of physical models is the so called “scale effect”, that is, the fact that in many cases only primary physical mechanisms can be correctly represented, while secondary mechanisms are often distorted. These observations form the basis of our study, which centered on problems associated with the design of storm water channels near the Dead Sea, in Israel. To help reach a final design decision we used different physical models. Our research showed good coincidence with the results of laboratory tests and theoretical calculations, and allowed us to study different effects of fluid flow in an open channel. We determined that problems of this nature cannot be solved only by means of theoretical calculation and computer simulation. This study demonstrates the use of physical models to help resolve very complicated problems of fluid flow through baffles and similar structures. The study applies these models and observations to different construction and multiphase water flows, among them, those that include sand and stone particles, a significant attempt to bring to the testing laboratory a closer association with reality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel" title="open channel">open channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20modeling" title=" physical modeling"> physical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8029/environmental-modeling-of-storm-water-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Sound Quality Analysis of Sloshing Noise from a Rectangular Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siva%20Teja%20Golla">Siva Teja Golla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Venkatesham"> B. Venkatesham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recent technologies in hybrid and high-end cars have subsided the noise from major sources like engines and transmission systems. This resulted in the unmasking of the previously subdued noises. These noises are becoming noticeable to the passengers, causing annoyance to them and affecting the perceived quality of the vehicle. Sloshing in the fuel tank is one such source of noise. Sloshing occurs due to the excitations undergone by the fuel tank due to the vehicle's movement. Sloshing noise occurs due to the interaction of the fluid with the surrounding tank walls or with the fluid itself. The noise resulting from the interaction of the fluid with the structure is ‘Hit noise’, and the noise due to fluid-fluid interaction is ‘Splash noise’. The type of interactions the fluid undergoes inside the tank, and the type of noise generated depends on a variety of factors like the fill level of the tank, type of fluid, presence of objects like baffles inside the tank, type and strength of the excitation, etc. There have been studies done to understand the effect of each of these parameters on the generation of different types of sloshing noises. But little work is done in the psychoacoustic aspect of these sounds. The psychoacoustic study of the sloshing noises gives an understanding of the level of annoyance it can cause to the passengers and helps in taking necessary measures to address it. In view of this, the current paper focuses on the calculation of the psychoacoustic parameters like loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength for the sloshing noise. As the noise generation mechanisms for the hit and splash noises are different, these parameters are calculated separately for them. For this, the fluid flow regimes that predominantly cause the hit-and-splash noises are to be separately emulated inside the tank. This is done through a reciprocating test rig, which imposes reciprocating excitation to a rectangular tank filled with the fluid. By varying the frequency of excitation, the fluid flow regimes with the predominant generation of hit-and-splash noises can be separately created inside the tank. These tests are done in a quiet room and the noise generated is captured using microphones and is used for the calculation of psychoacoustic parameters of the sloshing noise. This study also includes the effect of fill level and the presence of baffles inside the tank on these parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloshing" title="sloshing">sloshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hit%20noise" title=" hit noise"> hit noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splash%20noise" title=" splash noise"> splash noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20quality" title=" sound quality"> sound quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189022/sound-quality-analysis-of-sloshing-noise-from-a-rectangular-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Targeting and Developing the Remaining Pay in an Ageing Field: The Ovhor Field Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Ihwiwhu">Christian Ihwiwhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nnamdi%20Obioha"> Nnamdi Obioha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udeme%20John"> Udeme John</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Bobade"> Edward Bobade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oghenerunor%20Bekibele"> Oghenerunor Bekibele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedeji%20Awujoola"> Adedeji Awujoola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibi-Ada%20Itotoi"> Ibi-Ada Itotoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the complexity in the distribution of hydrocarbon in a simple structure with flow baffles and connectivity issues is critical in targeting and developing the remaining pay in a mature asset. Subtle facies changes (heterogeneity) can have a drastic impact on reservoir fluids movement, and this can be crucial to identifying sweet spots in mature fields. This study aims to evaluate selected reservoirs in Ovhor Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria, with the objective of optimising production from the field by targeting undeveloped oil reserves, bypassed pay, and gaining an improved understanding of the selected reservoirs to increase the company’s reservoir limits. The task at the Ovhor field is complicated by poor stratigraphic seismic resolution over the field. 3-D geological (sedimentology and stratigraphy) interpretation, use of results from quantitative interpretation, and proper understanding of production data have been used in recognizing flow baffles and undeveloped compartments in the field. The full field 3-D model has been constructed in such a way as to capture heterogeneities and the various compartments in the field to aid the proper simulation of fluid flow in the field for future production prediction, proper history matching and design of good trajectories to adequately target undeveloped oil in the field. Reservoir property models (porosity, permeability, and net-to-gross) have been constructed by biasing log interpreted properties to a defined environment of deposition model whose interpretation captures the heterogeneities expected in the studied reservoirs. At least, two scenarios have been modelled for most of the studied reservoirs to capture the range of uncertainties we are dealing with. The total original oil in-place volume for the four reservoirs studied is 157 MMstb. The cumulative oil and gas production from the selected reservoirs are 67.64 MMstb and 9.76 Bscf respectively, with current production rate of about 7035 bopd and 4.38 MMscf/d (as at 31/08/2019). Dynamic simulation and production forecast on the 4 reservoirs gave an undeveloped reserve of about 3.82 MMstb from two (2) identified oil restoration activities. These activities include side-tracking and re-perforation of existing wells. This integrated approach led to the identification of bypassed oil in some areas of the selected reservoirs and an improved understanding of the studied reservoirs. New wells have/are being drilled now to test the results of our studies, and the results are very confirmatory and satisfying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facies" title="facies">facies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20baffle" title=" flow baffle"> flow baffle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bypassed%20pay" title=" bypassed pay"> bypassed pay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneities" title=" heterogeneities"> heterogeneities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20matching" title=" history matching"> history matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20limit" title=" reservoir limit"> reservoir limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119324/targeting-and-developing-the-remaining-pay-in-an-ageing-field-the-ovhor-field-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Effect of Inlet Baffle Position in Improving the Efficiency of Oil and Water Gravity Separator Tanks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20A.%20Hussein">Haitham A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozi%20Abdullah"> Rozi Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20Saket"> Issa Saket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Azlin"> Md. Azlin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The gravitational effect has been extensively applied to separate oil from water in water and wastewater treatment systems. The maximum oil globules removal efficiency is improved by obtaining the best flow uniformity in separator tanks. This study used 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the effect of different inlet baffle positions inside the separator tank. Laboratory experiment has been conducted, and the measured velocity fields which were by Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) are used to verify the CFD model. Computational investigation results indicated that the construction of an inlet baffle in a suitable location provides the minimum recirculation zone volume, creates the best flow uniformity, and dissipates kinetic energy in the oil and water separator tank. Useful formulas were predicted to design the oil and water separator tanks geometry based on an experimental model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%2Fwater%20separator%20tanks" title="oil/water separator tanks">oil/water separator tanks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inlet%20baffles" title=" inlet baffles"> inlet baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOF" title=" VOF"> VOF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52725/the-effect-of-inlet-baffle-position-in-improving-the-efficiency-of-oil-and-water-gravity-separator-tanks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> High-Speed LIF-OH Imaging of H2-Air Turbulent Premixed Flames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Al-Harbi">Ahmed A. Al-Harbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative study of effects of the repeated solid obstacles on the propagation of H2-Air premixed flames. Pressure, speed of the flame front as well as structure of reaction zones are studied for hydrogen. Two equivalence ratios are examined for different configurations of three baffle plates and two obstacles with a square cross-section having blockage ratios of either 0.24 or 0.5. Hydrogen fuel mixtures with two equivalence ratios of 0.7 and 0.8 are studied and this is limited by the excessive overpressures. The results show that the peak pressure and its rate of change can be increased by increasing the blockage ratio or by decreasing the space between successive baffles. As illustrated by the high speed images of LIF-OH, the degree of wrinkling and contortion in the flame front increase as the blockages increase. The images also show how the flame front relaminarises with increasing distances between obstacles, which accounts for the pressure decrease with increasing separation. It is also found that more than one obstacle is needed to achieve a turbulent flame structure with intense corrugations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premixed%20propagating%20flames" title="premixed propagating flames">premixed propagating flames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame-obstacle%20interaction" title=" flame-obstacle interaction"> flame-obstacle interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20premixed%20flames" title=" turbulent premixed flames"> turbulent premixed flames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overpressure" title=" overpressure"> overpressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20flames" title=" transient flames"> transient flames</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34974/high-speed-lif-oh-imaging-of-h2-air-turbulent-premixed-flames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Experimental Investigation of Fluid Dynamic Effects on Crystallisation Scale Growth and Suppression in Agitation Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanjit%20Das">Prasanjit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20K.%20Khan"> M. M. K. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Wu"> Jie Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Youn"> I. Youn </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mineral scale formation is undoubtedly a more serious problem in the mineral industry than other process industries. To better understand scale growth and suppression, an experimental model is proposed in this study for supersaturated crystallised solutions commonly found in mineral process plants. In this experiment, surface crystallisation of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on the wall of the agitation tank and agitation effects on the scale growth and suppression are studied. The new quantitative scale suppression model predicts that at lower agitation speed, the scale growth rate is enhanced and at higher agitation speed, the scale suppression rate increases due to the increased flow erosion effect. A lab-scale agitation tank with and without baffles were used as a benchmark in this study. The fluid dynamic effects on scale growth and suppression in the agitation tank with three different size impellers (diameter 86, 114, 160 mm and model A310 with flow number 0.56) at various ranges of rotational speed (up to 700 rpm) and solution with different concentration (4.5, 4.75 and 5.25 mol/dm3) were investigated. For more elucidation, the effects of the different size of the impeller on wall surface scale growth and suppression rate as well as bottom settled scale accumulation rate are also discussed. Emphasis was placed on applications in the mineral industry, although results are also relevant to other industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agitation%20tank" title="agitation tank">agitation tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallisation" title=" crystallisation"> crystallisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impeller%20speed" title=" impeller speed"> impeller speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale" title=" scale"> scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80970/experimental-investigation-of-fluid-dynamic-effects-on-crystallisation-scale-growth-and-suppression-in-agitation-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Experimental Analysis on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Al2O3/Water Nanofluid and Baffled Twisted Tape Inserts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratheesh%20Radhakrishnan">Ratheesh Radhakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Sreekumar"> P. C. Sreekumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Krishnamoorthy"> K. Krishnamoorthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer augmentation techniques ultimately results in the reduction of thermal resistance in a conventional heat exchanger by generating higher convective heat transfer coefficient. It also results in reduction of size, increase in heat duty, decrease in approach temperature difference and reduction in pumping power requirements for heat exchangers. Present study deals with compound augmentation technique, which is not widely used. The study deals with the use of Alumina (Al2O3)/water nanofluid and baffled twisted tape inserts in double pipe heat exchanger as compound augmentation technique. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor for the flow through the inner tube of heat exchanger in turbulent flow range (8000<Re<60000). It is observed that the equation of Dittus-Boelter applicable for turbulent flow regime shows good agreement with the experimental values for smooth tube. The effect of rectangular, circular, triangular baffled twisted tape having twist ratio (y/w) 4.2 and twisted tapes without baffles of twist ratio (y/w) 4.2 and 5.2 were studied. Experiments were conducted for both water and Alumina/water nanofluid. Al2O3 nanoparticle of 22nm size were purchased, characterized and dispersed in de-ionized water to form stable suspension containing 0.1% volume concentration of nanoparticles. The results showed that there is noticeable enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient with the use of baffled twisted tape and nanofluid .It is also observed that the friction factor for nanofluid and water is almost the same. It is found that the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient by using rectangular baffled twisted tape and nanofluid is about 20%. Performance evaluation criteria were found for water and nanofluid ant it was observed that rectangular baffled twisted tape performs better than other twisted tapes. The maximum value of performance evaluation criteria for nanofluid is obtained as 2.62 at Reynolds number 8483 for rectangular baffled twisted tape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancement" title="enhancement">enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" heat transfer coefficient"> heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title=" friction factor"> friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twisted%20tape" title=" twisted tape"> twisted tape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9936/experimental-analysis-on-heat-transfer-enhancement-in-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-al2o3water-nanofluid-and-baffled-twisted-tape-inserts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Scale-Up Study of Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow in Downcomer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayanth%20Abishek%20Subramanian">Jayanth Abishek Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Dabirian"> Ramin Dabirian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilias%20Gavrielatos"> Ilias Gavrielatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Mohan"> Ram Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ovadia%20Shoham"> Ovadia Shoham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Downcomers are important conduits for multiphase flow transfer from offshore platforms to the seabed. Uncertainty in the predictions of the pressure drop of multiphase flow between platforms is often dominated by the uncertainty associated with the prediction of holdup and pressure drop in the downcomer. The objectives of this study are to conduct experimental and theoretical scale-up study of the downcomer. A 4-in. diameter vertical test section was designed and constructed to study two-phase flow in downcomer. The facility is equipped with baffles for flow area restriction, enabling interchangeable annular slot openings between 30% and 61.7%. Also, state-of-the-art instrumentation, the capacitance Wire-Mesh Sensor (WMS) was utilized to acquire the experimental data. A total of 76 experimental data points were acquired, including falling film under 30% and 61.7% annular slot opening for air-water and air-Conosol C200 oil cases as well as gas carry-under for 30% and 61.7% opening utilizing air-Conosol C200 oil. For all experiments, the parameters such as falling film thickness and velocity, entrained liquid holdup in the core, gas void fraction profiles at the cross-sectional area of the liquid column, the void fraction and the gas carry under were measured. The experimental results indicated that the film thickness and film velocity increase as the flow area reduces. Also, the increase in film velocity increases the gas entrainment process. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the increase of gas entrainment for the same liquid flow rate leads to an increase in the gas carry-under. A power comparison method was developed to enable evaluation of the Lopez (2011) model, which was created for full bore downcomer, with the novel scale-up experiment data acquired from the downcomer with the restricted area for flow. Comparison between the experimental data and the model predictions shows a maximum absolute average discrepancy of 22.9% and 21.8% for the falling film thickness and velocity, respectively; and a maximum absolute average discrepancy of 22.2% for fraction of gas carried with the liquid (oil). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20flow" title="two phase flow">two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=falling%20film" title=" falling film"> falling film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downcomer" title=" downcomer"> downcomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire-mesh%20sensor" title=" wire-mesh sensor"> wire-mesh sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93259/scale-up-study-of-gas-liquid-two-phase-flow-in-downcomer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Reduction of Specific Energy Consumption in Microfiltration of Bacillus velezensis Broth by Air Sparging and Turbulence Promoter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jovana%20Grahovac">Jovana Grahovac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Pajcin"> Ivana Pajcin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasa%20Lukic"> Natasa Lukic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Dodic"> Jelena Dodic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Jokic"> Aleksandar Jokic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To obtain purified biomass to be used in the plant pathogen biocontrol or as soil biofertilizer, it is necessary to eliminate residual broth components at the end of the fermentation process. The main drawback of membrane separation techniques is permeate flux decline due to the membrane fouling. Fouling mitigation measures increase the pressure drop along membrane channel due to the increased resistance to flow of the feed suspension, thus increasing the hydraulic power drop. At the same time, these measures lead to an increase in the permeate flux due to the reduced resistance of the filtration cake on the membrane surface. Because of these opposing effects, the energy efficiency of fouling mitigation measures is limited, and the justification of its application is provided by information on a reducing specific energy consumption compared to a case without any measures employed. In this study, the influence of static mixer (Kenics) and air-sparging (two-phase flow) on reduction of specific energy consumption (ER) was investigated. Cultivation Bacillus velezensis was carried out in the 3-L bioreactor (Biostat® Aplus) containing 2 L working volume with two parallel Rushton turbines and without internal baffles. Cultivation was carried out at 28 °C on at 150 rpm with an aeration rate of 0.75 vvm during 96 h. The experiments were carried out in a conventional cross-flow microfiltration unit. During experiments, permeate and retentate were recycled back to the broth vessel to simulate continuous process. The single channel ceramic membrane (TAMI Deutschland) used had a nominal pore size 200 nm with the length of 250 mm and an inner/external diameter of 6/10 mm. The useful membrane channel surface was 4.33×10⁻³ m². Air sparging was brought by the pressurized air connected by a three-way valve to the feed tube by a simple T-connector without diffusor. The different approaches to flux improvement are compared in terms of energy consumption. Reduction of specific energy consumption compared to microfiltration without fouling mitigation is around 49% and 63%, for use of two-phase flow and a static mixer, respectively. In the case of a combination of these two fouling mitigation methods, ER is 60%, i.e., slightly lower compared to the use of turbulence promoter alone. The reason for this result can be found in the fact that flux increase is more affected by the presence of a Kenics static mixer while sparging results in an increase of energy used during microfiltration. By comparing combined method with turbulence promoter flux enhancement method ER is negative (-7%) which can be explained by increased power consumption for air flow with moderate contribution to the flux increase. Another confirmation for this fact can be found by comparing energy consumption values for combined method with energy consumption in the case of two-phase flow. In this instance energy reduction (ER) is 22% that demonstrates that turbulence promoter is more efficient compared to two phase flow. Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus velezensis biomass against phytopathogenic isolates Xanthomonas campestris was preserved under different fouling reduction methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20velezensis" title="Bacillus velezensis">Bacillus velezensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfiltration" title=" microfiltration"> microfiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20mixer" title=" static mixer"> static mixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119795/reduction-of-specific-energy-consumption-in-microfiltration-of-bacillus-velezensis-broth-by-air-sparging-and-turbulence-promoter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Hybrid of BioWin and Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Modeling of Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants for Model-Based Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Rathore">Komal Rathore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiesha%20Pierre"> Kiesha Pierre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyle%20Cogswell"> Kyle Cogswell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Driscoll"> Aaron Driscoll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Tejada%20Martinez"> Andres Tejada Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gita%20Iranipour"> Gita Iranipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20Mulford"> Luke Mulford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Sunol"> Aydin Sunol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modeling of Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants requires several parameters for kinetic rate expressions, thermo-physical properties, and hydrodynamic behavior. The kinetics and associated mechanisms become complex due to several biological processes taking place in wastewater treatment plants at varying times and spatial scales. A dynamic process model that incorporated the complex model for activated sludge kinetics was developed using the BioWin software platform for an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant in Valrico, Florida. Due to the extensive number of tunable parameters, an experimental design was employed for judicious selection of the most influential parameter sets and their bounds. The model was tuned using both the influent and effluent plant data to reconcile and rectify the forecasted results from the BioWin Model. Amount of mixed liquor suspended solids in the oxidation ditch, aeration rates and recycle rates were adjusted accordingly. The experimental analysis and plant SCADA data were used to predict influent wastewater rates and composition profiles as a function of time for extended periods. The lumped dynamic model development process was coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of the key units such as oxidation ditches in the plant. Several CFD models that incorporate the nitrification-denitrification kinetics, as well as, hydrodynamics was developed and being tested using ANSYS Fluent software platform. These realistic and verified models developed using BioWin and ANSYS were used to plan beforehand the operating policies and control strategies for the biological wastewater plant accordingly that further allows regulatory compliance at minimum operational cost. These models, with a little bit of tuning, can be used for other biological wastewater treatment plants as well. The BioWin model mimics the existing performance of the Valrico Plant which allowed the operators and engineers to predict effluent behavior and take control actions to meet the discharge limits of the plant. Also, with the help of this model, we were able to find out the key kinetic and stoichiometric parameters which are significantly more important for modeling of biological wastewater treatment plants. One of the other important findings from this model were the effects of mixed liquor suspended solids and recycle ratios on the effluent concentration of various parameters such as total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, etc. The ANSYS model allowed the abstraction of information such as the formation of dead zones increases through the length of the oxidation ditches as compared to near the aerators. These profiles were also very useful in studying the behavior of mixing patterns, effect of aerator speed, and use of baffles which in turn helps in optimizing the plant performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow-sheet%20simulation" title=" flow-sheet simulation"> flow-sheet simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20modeling" title=" kinetic modeling"> kinetic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20dynamics" title=" process dynamics"> process dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92105/a-hybrid-of-biowin-and-computational-fluid-dynamics-based-modeling-of-biological-wastewater-treatment-plants-for-model-based-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Numerical Analysis of the Computational Fluid Dynamics of Co-Digestion in a Large-Scale Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvana%20A.%20Vega">Sylvana A. Vega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20E.%20Huilinir"> Cesar E. Huilinir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20J.%20Gonzalez"> Carlos J. Gonzalez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Co-digestion in anaerobic biodigesters is a technology improving hydrolysis by increasing methane generation. In the present study, the dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is numerically analyzed using Ansys Fluent software for agitation in a full-scale Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) biodigester during the co-digestion process. For this, a rheological study of the substrate is carried out, establishing rotation speeds of the stirrers depending on the microbial activity and energy ranges. The substrate is organic waste from industrial sources of sanitary water, butcher, fishmonger, and dairy. Once the rheological behavior curves have been obtained, it is obtained that it is a non-Newtonian fluid of the pseudoplastic type, with a solids rate of 12%. In the simulation, the rheological results of the fluid are considered, and the full-scale CSTR biodigester is modeled. It was coupling the second-order continuity differential equations, the three-dimensional Navier Stokes, the power-law model for non-Newtonian fluids, and three turbulence models: k-ε RNG, k-ε Realizable, and RMS (Reynolds Stress Model), for a 45° tilt vane impeller. It is simulated for three minutes since it is desired to study an intermittent mixture with a saving benefit of energy consumed. The results show that the absolute errors of the power number associated with the k-ε RNG, k-ε Realizable, and RMS models were 7.62%, 1.85%, and 5.05%, respectively, the numbers of power obtained from the analytical-experimental equation of Nagata. The results of the generalized Reynolds number show that the fluid dynamics have a transition-turbulent flow regime. Concerning the Froude number, the result indicates there is no need to implement baffles in the biodigester design, and the power number provides a steady trend close to 1.5. It is observed that the levels of design speeds within the biodigester are approximately 0.1 m/s, which are speeds suitable for the microbial community, where they can coexist and feed on the substrate in co-digestion. It is concluded that the model that more accurately predicts the behavior of fluid dynamics within the reactor is the k-ε Realizable model. The flow paths obtained are consistent with what is stated in the referenced literature, where the 45° inclination PBT impeller is the right type of agitator to keep particles in suspension and, in turn, increase the dispersion of gas in the liquid phase. If a 24/7 complete mix is considered under stirred agitation, with a plant factor of 80%, 51,840 kWh/year are estimated. On the contrary, if intermittent agitations of 3 min every 15 min are used under the same design conditions, reduce almost 80% of energy costs. It is a feasible solution to predict the energy expenditure of an anaerobic biodigester CSTR. It is recommended to use high mixing intensities, at the beginning and end of the joint phase acetogenesis/methanogenesis. This high intensity of mixing, in the beginning, produces the activation of the bacteria, and once reaching the end of the Hydraulic Retention Time period, it produces another increase in the mixing agitations, favoring the final dispersion of the biogas that may be trapped in the biodigester bottom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20co-digestion" title="anaerobic co-digestion">anaerobic co-digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20power" title=" net power"> net power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste" title=" organic waste"> organic waste</a> </p> <a 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