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(PDF) Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense
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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F13751934%2FProtection_of_Tomato_Seedlings_against_Infection_by_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_Tomato_by_Using_the_Plant_Growth_Promoting_Bacterium_Azospirillum_brasilense%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":44993784,"identifier":"Attachment_44993784","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":13751934,"created_at":"2015-07-07T08:36:08.390-07:00","from_world_paper_id":138919525,"updated_at":"2024-11-28T13:13:11.408-08:00","_data":{"ai_title_tag":"Control of Tomato Bacterial Speck via Azospirillum brasilense","grobid_abstract":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, and the plant growthpromoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated onto tomato plants, either alone, as a mixed culture, or consecutively. The population dynamics in the rhizosphere and foliage, the development of bacterial speck disease, and their effects on plant growth were monitored. When inoculated onto separate plants, the A. brasilense population in the rhizosphere of tomato plants was 2 orders of magnitude greater than the population of P. syringae pv. tomato (10 7 versus 10 5 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). Under mist chamber conditions, the leaf population of P. syringae pv. tomato was 1 order of magnitude greater than that of A. brasilense (10 7 versus 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf). Inoculation of seeds with a mixed culture of the two bacterial strains resulted in a reduction of the pathogen population in the rhizosphere, an increase in the A. brasilense population, the prevention of bacterial speck disease development, and improved plant growth. Inoculation of leaves with the mixed bacterial culture under mist conditions significantly reduced the P. syringae pv. tomato population and significantly decreased disease severity. Challenge with P. syringae pv. tomato after A. brasilense was established in the leaves further reduced both the population of P. syringae pv. tomato and disease severity and significantly enhanced plant development. Both bacteria maintained a large population in the rhizosphere for 45 days when each was inoculated separately onto tomato seeds (10 5 to 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). However, P. syringae pv. tomato did not survive in the rhizosphere in the presence of A. brasilense. Foliar inoculation of A. brasilense after P. syringae pv. tomato was established on the leaves did not alleviate bacterial speck disease, and A. brasilense did not survive well in the phyllosphere under these conditions, even in a mist chamber. Several applications of a low concentration of buffered malic acid significantly enhanced the leaf population of A. brasilense (\u003e10 8 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf), decreased the population of P. syringae pv. tomato to almost undetectable levels, almost eliminated disease development, and improved plant growth to the level of uninoculated healthy control plants. Based on our results, we propose that A. brasilense be used in prevention programs to combat the foliar bacterial speck disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato.","publication_date":"2002,,","publication_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"44993784"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [32870663]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":44993784,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/44993784/mini_magick20190213-17856-1t9yqyn.png?1550070576" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Protection of Tomato Seedlings against Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato by Using the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32870663" href="https://cibnor.academia.edu/YoavBashan"><img alt="Profile image of Yoav Bashan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/32870663/11369306/12682532/s65_yoav.bashan.jpg" />Yoav Bashan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 13751934; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=13751934"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato, and the plant growthpromoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated onto tomato plants, either alone, as a mixed culture, or consecutively. The population dynamics in the rhizosphere and foliage, the development of bacterial speck disease, and their effects on plant growth were monitored. When inoculated onto separate plants, the A. brasilense population in the rhizosphere of tomato plants was 2 orders of magnitude greater than the population of P. syringae pv. tomato (10 7 versus 10 5 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). Under mist chamber conditions, the leaf population of P. syringae pv. tomato was 1 order of magnitude greater than that of A. brasilense (10 7 versus 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf). Inoculation of seeds with a mixed culture of the two bacterial strains resulted in a reduction of the pathogen population in the rhizosphere, an increase in the A. brasilense population, the prevention of bacterial speck disease development, and improved plant growth. Inoculation of leaves with the mixed bacterial culture under mist conditions significantly reduced the P. syringae pv. tomato population and significantly decreased disease severity. Challenge with P. syringae pv. tomato after A. brasilense was established in the leaves further reduced both the population of P. syringae pv. tomato and disease severity and significantly enhanced plant development. Both bacteria maintained a large population in the rhizosphere for 45 days when each was inoculated separately onto tomato seeds (10 5 to 10 6 CFU/g [dry weight] of root). However, P. syringae pv. tomato did not survive in the rhizosphere in the presence of A. brasilense. Foliar inoculation of A. brasilense after P. syringae pv. tomato was established on the leaves did not alleviate bacterial speck disease, and A. brasilense did not survive well in the phyllosphere under these conditions, even in a mist chamber. Several applications of a low concentration of buffered malic acid significantly enhanced the leaf population of A. brasilense (>10 8 CFU/g [dry weight] of leaf), decreased the population of P. syringae pv. tomato to almost undetectable levels, almost eliminated disease development, and improved plant growth to the level of uninoculated healthy control plants. Based on our results, we propose that A. brasilense be used in prevention programs to combat the foliar bacterial speck disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":44993784,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13751934/Protection_of_Tomato_Seedlings_against_Infection_by_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_Tomato_by_Using_the_Plant_Growth_Promoting_Bacterium_Azospirillum_brasilense"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":44993784,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13751934/Protection_of_Tomato_Seedlings_against_Infection_by_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_Tomato_by_Using_the_Plant_Growth_Promoting_Bacterium_Azospirillum_brasilense"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="13751934" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Seed inoculation with A. brasilense combined with a single streptomycin foliar treatment and two foliar bactericide applications at 5-day intervals (a third or less of the recommended commercial dose) reduced disease severity in tomato seedlings by over 90% after 4 weeks, and significantly slowed disease development under mist conditions. A. brasilense did not induce significant systemic resistance against the pathogen although the level of salicylic acid increased in inoculated plants. Treatment of tomato seeds that were artificially inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato, with a combination of mild chemothermal treatment, A. brasilense seed inoculation, and later, a single foliar application of a copper bactericide, nearly eliminated bacterial leaf speck even when the plants were grown under mist for 6 weeks. This study shows that a combination of otherwise ineffective disease management tactics, when applied in concert, can reduce bacterial speck intensity in tomatoes under mist conditions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reduction of bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) of tomato by combined treatments of plant growth-promoting bacterium, Azospirillum brasilense, …","attachmentId":44993669,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13752056/Reduction_of_bacterial_speck_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_of_tomato_by_combined_treatments_of_plant_growth_promoting_bacterium_Azospirillum_brasilense_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13752056/Reduction_of_bacterial_speck_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_of_tomato_by_combined_treatments_of_plant_growth_promoting_bacterium_Azospirillum_brasilense_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="24442165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24442165/Integrated_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_of_Tomato">Integrated Management of Bacterial Speck of Tomato</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47117579" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/NathanLynch">Nathan Lynch</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Integrated Management of Bacterial Speck of Tomato","attachmentId":44772176,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24442165/Integrated_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_of_Tomato","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24442165/Integrated_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_of_Tomato"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="112561060" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112561060/Rhizobacterial_Colonization_and_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_Pathogen_in_Tomato_by_Pseudomonas_spp">Rhizobacterial Colonization and Management of Bacterial Speck Pathogen in Tomato by Pseudomonas spp</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19080180" href="https://kfs.academia.edu/MohsenElsharkawy">Mohsen M Elsharkawy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Microorganisms</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Plants and soil microorganisms interact at every stage of growth. Pseudomonas spp. are highly regarded for their ability to increase crop production and protection from diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay and the activation of tomato resistance against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). The capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis response of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The activities of defense enzymes and the expressions of PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were measured using real-time qPCR. Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species). Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stu...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhizobacterial Colonization and Management of Bacterial Speck Pathogen in Tomato by Pseudomonas spp","attachmentId":109754190,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112561060/Rhizobacterial_Colonization_and_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_Pathogen_in_Tomato_by_Pseudomonas_spp","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112561060/Rhizobacterial_Colonization_and_Management_of_Bacterial_Speck_Pathogen_in_Tomato_by_Pseudomonas_spp"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82771059" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82771059/Development_of_an_integrated_management_approach_to_controlling_bacterial_speck_of_tomato">Development of an integrated management approach to controlling bacterial speck of tomato</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15233111" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NonduduzoCharityNcwane">Nonduduzo Charity Ncwane</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Two hundred and fifty bacterial isolates, and one hundred yeast isolates were screened in vitro for antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck on tomato. These isolates were obtained from tomato leaf samples collected from several seedling nurseries and tomato fields around Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. For bacterial isolates in vitro dual-test screening was done on Tryptone Soy Agar and incubated at 280C for 7 days in which the zones of inhibition created by each of the isolates was used as the selection criteria for the best potential isolates. The 10 best bacterial isolates created significant zones of inhibition, ranging from 17 to 29 mm in diameter. These were selected for identification and for further studies. Seven yeasts isolates were selected for identification and for further studies based on their in vitro activity on detached leaf bioassay against the bacterial speck pathogen. All the selected bacterial isolates ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of an integrated management approach to controlling bacterial speck of tomato","attachmentId":88367778,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82771059/Development_of_an_integrated_management_approach_to_controlling_bacterial_speck_of_tomato","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82771059/Development_of_an_integrated_management_approach_to_controlling_bacterial_speck_of_tomato"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="18673874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18673874/ASSESSMENT_OF_INOCULATION_TECHNIQUES_SUITABILITY_FOR_DETERMINATION_OF_TOMATO_PLANTS_RESISTANCE_TO_BACTERIAL_SPECK_PSEUDOMONAS_SYRINGAE_PV_TOMATO_">ASSESSMENT OF INOCULATION TECHNIQUES SUITABILITY FOR DETERMINATION OF TOMATO PLANTS RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK (PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38748312" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiotrSobiczewski">Piotr Sobiczewski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Four procedures applied for screening of tomato seedlings for resistance to bacterial speck showed that plants of 13 tomato cultigens exhibited a large amount of variation in response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) infection. The inoculation with spraying leaves on plants and leaves detached from the plants with water bacterial suspension gave the most homogeneous and consistent results. Two other methods accomplished by rubbing leaf surface and dipping young seedlings in a suspension of Pst were found not useful for the distinction of resistant and susceptible genotypes due to low repeatability of results. Low (2-5%) surviving stand of resistant cv. 'Ontario 7710' was also observed after application of both methods. Good correlation between cultigen susceptibility and disease symptoms intensity on the first four true leaves appeared. Out of 12 susceptible cultigens tested, 11 had the third leaf most infected.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ASSESSMENT OF INOCULATION TECHNIQUES SUITABILITY FOR DETERMINATION OF TOMATO PLANTS RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL SPECK (PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO)","attachmentId":40194077,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18673874/ASSESSMENT_OF_INOCULATION_TECHNIQUES_SUITABILITY_FOR_DETERMINATION_OF_TOMATO_PLANTS_RESISTANCE_TO_BACTERIAL_SPECK_PSEUDOMONAS_SYRINGAE_PV_TOMATO_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18673874/ASSESSMENT_OF_INOCULATION_TECHNIQUES_SUITABILITY_FOR_DETERMINATION_OF_TOMATO_PLANTS_RESISTANCE_TO_BACTERIAL_SPECK_PSEUDOMONAS_SYRINGAE_PV_TOMATO_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="18347405" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18347405/Integrated_biological_control_of_bacterial_speck_and_spot_of_tomato_under_field_conditions_using_foliar_biological_control_agents_and_plant_growth_promoting_rhizobacteria">Integrated biological control of bacterial speck and spot of tomato under field conditions using foliar biological control agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38335177" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrevorSuslow">Trevor Suslow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Control, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Integration of foliar bacterial biological control agents and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was investigated to determine whether biological control of bacterial speck of tomato, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Xanthomonas vesicatoria, could be improved. Three foliar biological control agents and two selected PGPR strains were employed in pairwise combinations. The foliar biological control agents had previously demonstrated moderate control of bacterial speck or bacterial spot when applied as foliar sprays. The PGPR strains were selected in this study based on their capacity to induce resistance against bacterial speck when applied as seed and soil treatments in the greenhouse. Field trials were conducted in Alabama, Florida, and California for evaluation of the eYcacy in control of bacterial speck and in Alabama and Florida for control of bacterial spot. The foliar biological control agent P. syringae strain Cit7 was the most eVective of the three foliar biological control agents, providing signiWcant suppression of bacterial speck in all Weld trials and bacterial spot in two out of three Weld trials. When applied as a seed treatment and soil drench, PGPR strain Pseudomonas Xuorescens 89B-61 signiWcantly reduced foliar severity of bacterial speck in the Weld trial in California and in three of six disease ratings in the Weld trials in Alabama. PGPR strains 89B-61 and Bacillus pumilus SE34 both provided signiWcant suppression of bacterial spot in the two Weld trials conducted in Alabama. Combined use of foliar biological control agent Cit7 and PGPR strain 89B-61 provided signiWcant control of bacterial speck and spot of tomato in each trial. In one Weld trial, control was enhanced signiWcantly with combined biological control agents compared to single agent inoculations. These results suggest that some PGPR strains may induce plant resistance under Weld conditions, providing eVective suppression of bacterial speck and spot of tomato, and that there may be some beneWt to the integration of rhizosphere-applied PGPR and foliar-applied biological control agents. </p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Integrated biological control of bacterial speck and spot of tomato under field conditions using foliar biological control agents and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria","attachmentId":40006990,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18347405/Integrated_biological_control_of_bacterial_speck_and_spot_of_tomato_under_field_conditions_using_foliar_biological_control_agents_and_plant_growth_promoting_rhizobacteria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18347405/Integrated_biological_control_of_bacterial_speck_and_spot_of_tomato_under_field_conditions_using_foliar_biological_control_agents_and_plant_growth_promoting_rhizobacteria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="937083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/937083/Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_the_right_pathogen_of_the_right_plant_at_the_right_time">Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: the right pathogen, of the right plant, at the right time</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="771657" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GailPreston">Gail Preston</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Plant Pathology, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and the closely related pathovar P. s. pv. maculicola have been the focus of intensive research in recent years, not only because of the diseases they cause on tomato and crucifers, but because strains such as P. s. pv. tomato DC3000 and P. s. pv. maculicola ES4326 are pathogens of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Consequently, both P. s. pv. tomato and P. s. pv. maculicola have been widely used to study the molecular mechanisms of host responses to infection. Analyses of the molecular basis of pathogenesis in P. s. pv. tomato reveal a complex and intimate interaction between bacteria and plant cells that depends on the coordinated expression of multiple pathogenicity and virulence factors. These include toxins, extracellular proteins and polysaccharides, and the translocation of proteins into plant cells by the type III (Hrp) secretion system. The contribution of individual virulence factors to parasitism and disease development varies significantly between strains. Application of functional genomics and cell biology to both pathogen and host within the P. s. pv. tomato / A. thaliana pathosystem provides a unique opportunity to unravel the molecular interactions underlying plant pathogenesis. Taxonomic relationship: Bacteria; Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; Pseudomonadaceae/Moraxellaceae group; Pseudomonadaceae family; Pseudomonas genus; Pseudomonas syringae species; tomato pathovar. Microbiological properties: Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, polar flagella, oxidase negative, arginine dihydrolase negative, DNA 58 -60 mol% GC, elicits the hypersensitive response on tobacco. Host range: Primarily studied as the causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato and as a model pathogen of A. thaliana , although it has been isolated from a wide range of crop and weed species.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: the right pathogen, of the right plant, at the right time","attachmentId":51157250,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/937083/Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_the_right_pathogen_of_the_right_plant_at_the_right_time","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/937083/Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_the_right_pathogen_of_the_right_plant_at_the_right_time"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="85343433" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85343433/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_and_Azospirillum_brasilense_Increase_Yield_and_Fruit_Quality_of_Tomato_Under_Field_Conditions">Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense Increase Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato Under Field Conditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33894656" href="https://uncu.academia.edu/ACohen">Ana Cohen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Crop inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a sustainable alternative to diminish the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. However, there is little information about PGPR inoculation effects under field conditions and even less on industrial tomato production. We aimed to study the effects of a sole inoculation at seedling stage with Pseudomonas fluorescens Rt6M10, Azospirillum brasilense Az39, and their combination on growth and yield of two industrial tomato varieties UCO 14 (UCO) and Harris Moran 3861 (HM). We compared these PGPR inoculation treatments with chemically fertilized and nonfertilized (control) seedlings under field conditions. We found that inoculation with Rt6M10, Az39, and their combination increased seedling root dry weight by 62%, 41%, and 23%, respectively and shoot dry weight by 29%, 23%, and 2%, respectively compared with non-inoculated control, improving tolerance to transplant stress. Inoculation with Rt6M10, Az39, and their combination increased stem diameter by 15%, 16%, and 13%, respectively, while Rt6M10 and the combination treatments increased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid levels compared with non-inoculated plants. Az39 increased fruit number (35%) and fruit weight (38%) per plant in HM, whereas in UCO variety, the increase was the highest (48% and 49%, respectively). Seedling inoculation increase fruit firmness and equatorial and polar fruit diameter by 24%, 10%, and 12%, respectively in HM and by 21%, 14%, and 14%, respectively in UCO. Overall, bio-inoculation with Rt6M10 and/or Az39 was beneficial for tomato seedlings at transplanting and supported fruit yield and quality (total soluble solid content, pH, and titratable acidity) equally or better than chemically fertilized seedlings.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense Increase Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato Under Field Conditions","attachmentId":90068496,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85343433/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_and_Azospirillum_brasilense_Increase_Yield_and_Fruit_Quality_of_Tomato_Under_Field_Conditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85343433/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_and_Azospirillum_brasilense_Increase_Yield_and_Fruit_Quality_of_Tomato_Under_Field_Conditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="54575448" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54575448/Sensitivity_of_tomato_Solanum_lycopersicum_cultivars_from_Turkey_to_bacterial_speck_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_">Sensitivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars from Turkey to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11190696" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliKursatTurgut">Ali Kursat K R A Turgut</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">African Journal of Biotechnology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The susceptibility of 93 different tomato cultivars that are commonly grown in greenhouses and field in the western Mediterranean region of Turkey have been assessed for resistance to bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strains. The disease severity indexes (DSI) varied between zero and four for the tomato cultivars. Seven tomato cultivars showed hypersensitive reactions against strains of P. syringae pv. tomato carrying the avrpto1 gene. Six of these seven tomato cultivars had the PTO gene coding for resistance against bacterial speck. The PTO sequences from the tomato cultivars Atalay, Party, Petrus, Piccadilly, Prenses and Tyty had similarity of 94, 93, 94, 92, 95 and 94%, respectively, with the PTO sequence of Lycopersicon esculentum VFNT Cherry (AF220603), and had similarity of 98, 98, 96, 95, 100 and 98%, respectively, with the PTO sequence of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Rio Grande 76R (AF220602). These findings indicate a considerable variation in bacterial speck resistance and will aid in the choice of parental lines for breeding new tomato cultivars with resistance to bacterial speck.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sensitivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars from Turkey to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato)","attachmentId":70874501,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54575448/Sensitivity_of_tomato_Solanum_lycopersicum_cultivars_from_Turkey_to_bacterial_speck_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54575448/Sensitivity_of_tomato_Solanum_lycopersicum_cultivars_from_Turkey_to_bacterial_speck_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="118599794" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118599794/First_Report_of_Bacterial_Speck_Caused_by_i_Pseudomonas_syringae_i_pv_i_tomato_i_Race_1_Affecting_Tomato_in_Different_Regions_of_Chile">First Report of Bacterial Speck Caused by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> Race 1 Affecting Tomato in Different Regions of Chile</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88043268" href="https://umayor.academia.edu/Bastianfuentes">Bastian fuentes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Disease, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In Chile, tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables, with around 5,000 ha for 10 fresh market and 8,000 ha for processing industry. During recent years, symptoms of 11 bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, have been observed more 12 frequently in tomato plants in different regions of Chile. This pathogen was first identified in</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"First Report of Bacterial Speck Caused by \u003ci\u003ePseudomonas syringae\u003c/i\u003e pv. \u003ci\u003etomato\u003c/i\u003e Race 1 Affecting Tomato in Different Regions of Chile","attachmentId":114187223,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118599794/First_Report_of_Bacterial_Speck_Caused_by_i_Pseudomonas_syringae_i_pv_i_tomato_i_Race_1_Affecting_Tomato_in_Different_Regions_of_Chile","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118599794/First_Report_of_Bacterial_Speck_Caused_by_i_Pseudomonas_syringae_i_pv_i_tomato_i_Race_1_Affecting_Tomato_in_Different_Regions_of_Chile"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44993784,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44993784,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_44993784" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="86718592" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86718592/First_Report_of_Bacterial_Speck_Caused_by_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_Race_1_Affecting_Tomato_in_Different_Regions_of_Chile">First Report of Bacterial Speck Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1 Affecting Tomato in Different Regions of Chile</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51662901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XBesoain">X. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tropical Plant Pathology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological control of tomato bacterial spot by seed microbiolization","attachmentId":79494028,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69371132/Biological_control_of_tomato_bacterial_spot_by_seed_microbiolization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69371132/Biological_control_of_tomato_bacterial_spot_by_seed_microbiolization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="105650195" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105650195/Phyllosphere_bacterial_strains_Rhizobium_b1_and_Bacillus_subtilis_b2_control_tomato_leaf_diseases_caused_by_Pseudomonas_syringae_pv_tomato_and_Alternaria_solani">Phyllosphere bacterial strains Rhizobium b1 and Bacillus subtilis b2 control tomato leaf diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Alternaria solani</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35152822" href="https://uq.academia.edu/PeterDart">Peter Dart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Applied Microbiology</p><div 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href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/nohasorour">noha sorour</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological control of bacterial spot of tomato under field conditions at several locations in North America","attachmentId":46394418,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12045447/Biological_control_of_bacterial_spot_of_tomato_under_field_conditions_at_several_locations_in_North_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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data-entity-id="3547253" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3547253/Characterization_of_rhizosphere_bacteria_for_control_of_phytopathogenic_fungi_of_tomato">Characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for control of phytopathogenic fungi of tomato</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4205819" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanaBeatrizRosas">Susana Beatriz Rosas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Environmental Management</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for control of phytopathogenic fungi of 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