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restenosis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: in-stent restenosis"> <meta name="keywords" content="in-stent restenosis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="in-stent restenosis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: in-stent restenosis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Impact of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 on Clinical In-Stent Restenosis in First Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Simoni">Leonard Simoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilir%20Alimehmeti"> Ilir Alimehmeti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ervina%20Shirka"> Ervina Shirka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endri%20Hasimi"> Endri Hasimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndricim%20Kallashi"> Ndricim Kallashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verona%20Beka"> Verona Beka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suerta%20Kabili"> Suerta Kabili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artan%20Goda"> Artan Goda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Diabetes Mellitus type 2, small vessel calibre, stented length of vessel, complex lesion morphology, and prior bypass surgery have resulted risk factors for In-Stent Restenosis (ISR). However, there are some contradictory results about body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for ISR. Purpose: We want to identify clinical, lesional and procedural factors that can predict clinical ISR in our patients. Methods: Were enrolled 759 patients who underwent first-time elective PCI with Bare Metal Stents (BMS) from September 2011 to December 2013 in our Department of Cardiology and followed them for at least 1.5 years with a median of 862 days (2 years and 4 months). Only the patients re-admitted with ischemic heart disease underwent control coronary angiography but no routine angiographic control was performed. Patients were categorized in ISR and non-ISR groups and compared between them. Multivariate analysis - Binary Logistic Regression: Forward Conditional Method was used to identify independent predictive risk factors. P was considered statistically significant when <0.05. Results: ISR compared to non-ISR individuals had a significantly lower BMI (25.7±3.3 vs. 26.9±3.7, p=0.004), higher risk anatomy (LM + 3-vessel CAD) (23% vs. 14%, p=0.03), higher number of stents/person used (2.1±1.1 vs. 1.75±0.96, p=0.004), greater length of stents/person used (39.3±21.6 vs. 33.3±18.5, p=0.01), and a lower use of clopidogrel and ASA (together) (95% vs. 99%, p=0.012). They also had a higher, although not statistically significant, prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (42% vs. 32%, p=0.072) and a greater number of treated vessels (1.36±0.5 vs. 1.26±0.5, p=0.08). In the multivariate analysis, Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and multiple stents used were independent predictors risk factors for In-Stent Restenosis, OR 1.66 [1.03-2.68], p=0.039, and OR 1.44 [1.16-1.78,] p=0.001, respectively. On the other side higher BMI and use of clopidogrel and ASA together resulted protective factors OR 0.88 [0.81-0.95], p=0.001 and OR 0.2 [0.06-0.72] p=0.013, respectively. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus and multiple stents are strong predictive risk factors, whereas the use of clopidogrel and ASA together are protective factors for clinical In-Stent Restenosis. Paradoxically High BMI is a protective factor for In-stent Restenosis, probably related to a larger diameter of vessels and consequently a larger diameter of stents implanted in these patients. Further studies are needed to clarify this finding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-stent%20restenosis" title=" in-stent restenosis"> in-stent restenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percutaneous%20coronary%20intervention" title=" percutaneous coronary intervention"> percutaneous coronary intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85614/impact-of-diabetes-mellitus-type-2-on-clinical-in-stent-restenosis-in-first-elective-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Finite Element Analysis of Shape Memory Alloy Stents in Coronary Arteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amatulraheem%20Al-Abassi">Amatulraheem Al-Abassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Khanafer"> K. Khanafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Deiab"> Ibrahim Deiab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coronary artery stent is a promising technology that can treat various coronary diseases. Materials used for manufacturing medical stents should have high biocompatible properties. Stent alloys, in particular, are remarkably promising good clinical outcomes, however, there is threaten of restenosis (reoccurring of artery narrowing due to fatty plaque), stent recoiling, or in long-term the occurrence of stent fracture. However, stents that are made of Nickel-titanium (Nitinol) can bare extensive plastic deformation and resist restenosis. This shape memory alloy has outstanding mechanical properties. Nitinol is a unique shape memory alloy as it has unique mechanical properties such as; biocompatibility, super-elasticity, and recovery to original shape under certain loads. Stent failure may cause complications in vascular diseases and possibly blockage of blood flow. Thus, studying the behaviors of the stent under different medical conditions will help the doctors and cardiologists to predict when it is necessary to change the stent in order to prevent any severe morbidity outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there are limited published papers that analyze the stent behavior with regards to the contact surfaces of plaque layer and blood vessel. Thus, stent material properties will be discussed in this investigation to highlight the mechanical and clinical differences between various stents. This research analyzes the performance of Nitinol stent in well-known stent design to determine its bearing with stress and its dislocation in blood vessels, in comparison to stents made of different biocompatible materials. In addition, a study of its performance will be represented in the system. Finite Element Analysis is the core of this study. Thus, a physical representative model will be discussed to show the distribution of stress and strain along the interaction surface between the stent and the artery. The reaction of vascular tissue to the stent will be evaluated to predict the possibility of restenosis within the treated area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory%20alloy" title="shape memory alloy">shape memory alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stent" title=" stent"> stent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20artery" title=" coronary artery"> coronary artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53927/finite-element-analysis-of-shape-memory-alloy-stents-in-coronary-arteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Comparative Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Smokers versus Non Nonsmokers Patients: Observational Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratima%20Tatke">Pratima Tatke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Avhad"> Archana Avhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhanu%20Duggal"> Bhanu Duggal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meeta%20Rajivlochan"> Meeta Rajivlochan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujata%20Saunik"> Sujata Saunik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradip%20Vyas"> Pradip Vyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhi%20Pandey"> Nidhi Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditee%20Dalvi"> Aditee Dalvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyothi%20Subramanian"> Jyothi Subramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Smoking is well established risk factor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease. It is strongly related to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes. The aim of this study is to observe effect of smoking status on percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) after 1 year. Methods: 2527 patients who underwent PCI at different hospital of Maharashtra(India) from 2012 to 2015 under the health insurance scheme which is launched by Health department, Government of Maharashtra for below poverty line(BPL) families which covers cardiology. Informed consent of patients was taken .They were followed by telephonic survey after 6months to 1year of PCI . Outcomes of interest included myocardial infarction, restenosis, cardiac rehospitalization, death, and a composite of events after PCI. Made group of two non smokers-1861 and smokers (including patients who quit at time of PCI )-659. Results: Statistical Analysis using Pearson’s chi square test revealed that there was trend seen of increasing incidence of death, Myocardial infarction and Restenosis in smokers than non smokers .Smokers had a greater death risk compared to nonsmoker; 5.7% and 5.1% respectively p=0.518. Also Repeat procedures (2.1% vs. 1.5% p=0.222), breathlessness (17.8% vs. 18.20% p=0.1) and Myocardial Infarction (7.3% vs. 10%) high in smoker than non smokers. Conclusion: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed even after successful PCI in smokers. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention should be encouraged to stop smoking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20artery%20diseases" title="coronary artery diseases">coronary artery diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20adverse%20cardiovascular%20events" title=" major adverse cardiovascular events"> major adverse cardiovascular events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percutaneous%20coronary%20intervention" title=" percutaneous coronary intervention"> percutaneous coronary intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoking" title=" smoking"> smoking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80586/comparative-outcomes-of-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-smokers-versus-non-nonsmokers-patients-observational-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Laparoscopic Uterovaginal Anastomosis in Cervicovaginal Agenesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anamika%20Choudhary">Anamika Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Qurrat%20Ain"> Neha Qurrat Ain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Congenital agenesis of uterine cervix is a rare anomaly often associated with partial or complete agenesis of vagina. Here is a case report of a 14 year old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea and cyclical abdominal pain since last one year with suprapubic mass palpable. On examination complete absence of a vagina was found, and ultrasound along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested cervicovaginal agenesis associated with cryptomenorrhea, which resulted in hematometra and b/l hematosalpinx with pelvic endometriosis. After proper counseling regarding anastomosis failure and the need for future laprotomy or hysterectomy, the patient planned for laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis with modified McIndoe vaginoplasty with split skin graft. Case Summary: Chief complaint: The 14 year old girl presented with primary amenorrhea and cyclical abdominal pain. Diagnosis:On history, examination and investigations we made differential diagnoses of cervicovaginal agenesis, cervicovaginal atresia. Post operatively, we concluded it’s a cervicovaginal agenesis. Intervention: Laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis was done, and neovagina was created using split skin graft from the thigh and silicone stent. The graft was kept patent, and restenosis was prevented using a dental mould as vaginal dilator. Outcome: Postoperatively 1 year follow-up has been done. We have observed successful uterovaginal anastomosis and good uptake of graft. We also observed the resumption of normal menstrual bleeding. Currently, there has been no restenosis, abnormal vaginal discharge and decreased dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Laparoscopic-assisted uterovaginal anastomosis can be the treatment of choice in patients with cervical agenesis and atresia instead of hysterectomy, thereby preserving the reproductive function. This conservative approach has better outcomes, as stated in the procedure below. The procedure is successful insofar as the resumption of menstrual function. However, long-term reproductive outcomes, progression of endometriosis, functioning of fallopian tubes, and sexual life in these girls will require further follow-up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervicovaginal%20agenesis" title="cervicovaginal agenesis">cervicovaginal agenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uterovaginal%20anastomosis" title=" uterovaginal anastomosis"> uterovaginal anastomosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20mould" title=" dental mould"> dental mould</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20stent" title=" silicon stent"> silicon stent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190889/laparoscopic-uterovaginal-anastomosis-in-cervicovaginal-agenesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Non-Invasive Evaluation of Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization. The Role of Cardiac Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdou%20Elhendy">Abdou Elhendy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous study have shown the efficacy of the percutaneous intervention (PCI) and coronary stenting in improving left ventricular function and relieving exertional angina. Furthermore, PCI remains the main line of therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Improvement of procedural techniques and new devices have resulted in an increased number of PCI in those with difficult and extensive lesions, multivessel disease as well as total occlusion. Immediate and late outcome may be compromised by acute thrombosis or the development of fibro-intimal hyperplasia. In addition, progression of coronary artery disease proximal or distal to the stent as well as in non-stented arteries is not uncommon. As a result, complications can occur, such as acute myocardial infarction, worsened heart failure or recurrence of angina. In a stent, restenosis can occur without symptoms or with atypical complaints rendering the clinical diagnosis difficult. Routine invasive angiography is not appropriate as a follow up tool due to associated risk and cost and the limited functional assessment. Exercise and pharmacologic stress testing are increasingly used to evaluate the myocardial function, perfusion and adequacy of revascularization. Information obtained by these techniques provide important clues regarding presence and severity of compromise in myocardial blood flow. Stress echocardiography can be performed in conjunction with exercise or dobutamine infusion. The diagnostic accuracy has been moderate, but the results provide excellent prognostic stratification. Adding myocardial contrast agents can improve imaging quality and allows assessment of both function and perfusion. Stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging is an alternative to evaluate these patients. The extent and severity of wall motion and perfusion abnormalities observed during exercise or pharmacologic stress are predictors of survival and risk of cardiac events. According to current guidelines, stress echocardiography and radionuclide imaging are considered to have appropriate indication among patients after PCI who have cardiac symptoms and those who underwent incomplete revascularization. Stress testing is not recommended in asymptomatic patients, particularly early after revascularization, Coronary CT angiography is increasingly used and provides high sensitive for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis. Average sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of in stent stenosis in pooled data are 79% and 81%, respectively. Limitations include blooming artifacts and low feasibility in patients with small stents or thick struts. Anatomical and functional cardiac imaging modalities are corner stone for the assessment of patients after PCI and provide salient diagnostic and prognostic information. Current imaging techniques cans serve as gate keeper for coronary angiography, thus limiting the risk of invasive procedures to those who are likely to benefit from subsequent revascularization. The determination of which modality to apply requires careful identification of merits and limitation of each technique as well as the unique characteristic of each individual patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20artery%20disease" title="coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20testing" title=" stress testing"> stress testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20imaging" title=" cardiac imaging"> cardiac imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restenosis" title=" restenosis"> restenosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164947/non-invasive-evaluation-of-patients-after-percutaneous-coronary-revascularization-the-role-of-cardiac-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Finite Element Analysis and Design Optimization of Stent and Balloon System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Hashim">V. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20N.%20Dileep"> P. N. Dileep</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stent implantation is being seen as the most successful method to treat coronary artery diseases. Different types of stents are available in the market these days and the success of a stent implantation greatly depends on the proper selection of a suitable stent for a patient. Computer numerical simulation is the cost effective way to choose the compatible stent. Studies confirm that the design characteristics of stent do have great importance with regards to the pressure it can sustain, the maximum displacement it can produce, the developed stress concentration and so on. In this paper different designs of stent were analyzed together with balloon to optimize the stent and balloon system. Commercially available stent Palmaz-Schatz has been selected for analysis. Abaqus software is used to simulate the system. This work is the finite element analysis of the artery stent implant to find out the design factors affecting the stress and strain. The work consists of two phases. In the first phase, stress distribution of three models were compared - stent without balloon, stent with balloon of equal length and stent with balloon of extra length than stent. In second phase, three different design models of Palmaz-Schatz stent were compared by keeping the balloon length constant. The results obtained from analysis shows that, the design of the strut have strong effect on the stress distribution. A design with chamfered slots found better results. The length of the balloon also has influence on stress concentration of the stent. Increase in length of the balloon will reduce stress, but will increase dog boning effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20stent" title="coronary stent">coronary stent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restenosis" title=" restenosis"> restenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title=" stress concentration"> stress concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20940/finite-element-analysis-and-design-optimization-of-stent-and-balloon-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> An Assessment of Finite Element Computations in the Structural Analysis of Diverse Coronary Stent Types: Identifying Prerequisites for Advancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Reza%20Heydari">Amir Reza Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Jenab"> Yaser Jenab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coronary artery disease, a common cardiovascular disease, is attributed to the accumulation of cholesterol-based plaques in the coronary arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. This disease is associated with risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels, contributing to severe clinical consequences, including acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction. Treatment approaches such as from lifestyle interventions to surgical procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. These interventions often employ stents, including bare-metal stents (BMS), drug-eluting stents (DES), and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS), each with its advantages and limitations. Computational tools have emerged as critical in optimizing stent designs and assessing their performance. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the computational methods of studies based on the finite element (FE) method in the field of coronary stenting and discuss the potential for development and clinical application of stent devices. Additionally, the importance of assessing the ability of computational models is emphasized to represent real-world phenomena, supported by recent guidelines from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Validation processes proposed include comparing model performance with in vivo, ex-vivo, or in vitro data, alongside uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis. These methods can enhance the credibility and reliability of in silico simulations, ultimately aiding in the assessment of coronary stent designs in various clinical contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atherosclerosis" title="atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restenosis" title=" restenosis"> restenosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177503/an-assessment-of-finite-element-computations-in-the-structural-analysis-of-diverse-coronary-stent-types-identifying-prerequisites-for-advancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Autophagy Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in vitro and in vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changhan%20%20Ouyang">Changhan Ouyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhonglin%20Xie"> Zhonglin Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In response to proatherosclerotic factors such as oxidized lipids, or to therapeutic interventions such as angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migrate from the media to the intima, resulting in intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, graft failure, or atherosclerosis. These proatherosclerotic factors also activate autophagy in VSMCs. However, the functional role of autophagy in vascular health and disease remains poorly understood. In the present study, we determined the role of autophagy in the regulation of VSMC migration. Autophagy activity in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and mouse carotid arteries was measured by Western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B) and P62. The VSMC migration was determined by scratch wound assay and transwell migration assay. Ex vivo smooth muscle cell migration was determined using aortic ring assay. The in vivo SMC migration was examined by staining the carotid artery sections with smooth muscle alpha actin (alpha SMA) after carotid artery ligation. To examine the relationship between autophagy and neointimal hyperplasia, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to carotid artery ligation. Seven days after injury, protein levels of Atg5, Atg7, Beclin1, and LC3B drastically increased and remained higher in the injured arteries three weeks after the injury. In parallel with the activation of autophagy, vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia as estimated by increased intima/media ratio. The en face staining of carotid artery showed that vascular injury enhanced alpha SMA staining in the intimal cells as compared with the sham operation. Treatment of HASMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), one of the major factors for vascular remodeling in response to vascular injury, increased Atg7 and LC3 II protein levels and enhanced autophagosome formation. In addition, aortic ring assay demonstrated that PDGF treated aortic rings displayed an increase in neovessel formation compared with control rings. Whole mount staining for CD31 and alpha SMA in PDGF treated neovessels revealed that the neovessel structures were stained by alpha SMA but not CD31. In contrast, pharmacological and genetic suppression of autophagy inhibits VSMC migration. Especially, gene silencing of Atg7 inhibited VSMC migration induced by PDGF. Furthermore, three weeks after ligation, markedly decreased neointimal formation was found in mice treated with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. Quantitative morphometric analysis of the injured vessels revealed a marked reduction in the intima/media ratio in the mice treated with chloroquine. Conclusion: Autophagy activation increases VSMC migration while autophagy suppression inhibits VSMC migration. These findings suggest that autophagy suppression may be an important therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title="autophagy">autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20smooth%20muscle%20cell" title=" vascular smooth muscle cell"> vascular smooth muscle cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neointimal%20formation" title=" neointimal formation"> neointimal formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50840/autophagy-promotes-vascular-smooth-muscle-cell-migration-in-vitro-and-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Stent Surface Functionalisation via Plasma Treatment to Promote Fast Endothelialisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Carmagnola">Irene Carmagnola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeria%20Chiono"> Valeria Chiono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Pacharra"> Sandra Pacharra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jochen%20Salber"> Jochen Salber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20McMahon"> Sean McMahon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Lovell"> Chris Lovell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Basnett"> Pooja Basnett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Lukasiewicz"> Barbara Lukasiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ipsita%20Roy"> Ipsita Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Zhang"> Xiang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianluca%20Ciardelli"> Gianluca Ciardelli </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thrombosis and restenosis after stenting procedure can be prevented by promoting fast stent wall endothelialisation. It is well known that surface functionalisation with antifouling molecules combining with extracellular matrix proteins is a promising strategy to design biomimetic surfaces able to promote fast endothelialization. In particular, REDV has gained much attention for the ability to enhance rapid endothelialization due to its specific affinity with endothelial cells (ECs). In this work, a two-step plasma treatment was performed to polymerize a thin layer of acrylic acid, used to subsequently graft PEGylated-REDV and polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different molar ratio with the aim to selectively promote endothelial cell adhesion avoiding platelet activation. PEGylate-REDV was provided by Biomatik and it is formed by 6 PEG monomer repetitions (Chempep Inc.), with an NH2 terminal group. PEG polymers were purchased from Chempep Inc. with two different chain lengths: m-PEG6-NH2 (295.4 Da) with 6 monomer repetitions and m-PEG12-NH2 (559.7 Da) with 12 monomer repetitions. Plasma activation was obtained by operating at 50W power, 5 min of treatment and at an Ar flow rate of 20 sccm. Pure acrylic acid (99%, AAc) vapors were diluted in Ar (flow = 20 sccm) and polymerized by a pulsed plasma discharge applying a discharge RF power of 200 W, a duty cycle of 10% (on time = 10 ms, off time = 90 ms) for 10 min. After plasma treatment, samples were dipped into an 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) solution (ratio 4:1, pH 5.5) for 1 h at 4°C and subsequently dipped in PEGylate-REDV and PEGylate-REDV:PEG solutions at different molar ratio (100 μg/mL in PBS) for 20 h at room temperature. Surface modification was characterized through physico-chemical analyses and in vitro cell tests. PEGylated-REDV peptide and PEG were successfully bound to the carboxylic groups that are formed on the polymer surface after plasma reaction. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, X -ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement gave a clear indication of the presence of the grafted molecules. The use of PEG as a spacer allowed for an increase in wettability of the surface, and the effect was more evident by increasing the amount of PEG. Endothelial cells adhered and spread well on the surfaces functionalized with the REDV sequence. In conclusion, a selective coating able to promote a new endothelial cell layer on polymeric stent surface was developed. In particular, a thin AAc film was polymerised on the polymeric surface in order to expose –COOH groups, and PEGylate-REDV and PEG were successful grafted on the polymeric substrates. The REDV peptide demonstrated to encourage cell adhesion with a consequent, expected improvement of the hemocompatibility of these polymeric surfaces in vivo. Acknowledgements— This work was funded by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement number 604251- ReBioStent (Reinforced Bioresorbable Biomaterials for Therapeutic Drug Eluting Stents). The authors thank all the ReBioStent partners for their support in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endothelialisation" title="endothelialisation">endothelialisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20treatment" title=" plasma treatment"> plasma treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stent" title=" stent"> stent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20functionalisation" title=" surface functionalisation"> surface functionalisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58669/stent-surface-functionalisation-via-plasma-treatment-to-promote-fast-endothelialisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>