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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Perubahan+iklim" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Perubahan+iklim" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Perubahan+iklim" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istilah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istilah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istilah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istilah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terminologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyebab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Penyebab</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penyebab-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Penyebab</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Penyebab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penebangan_dan_pembakaran_hutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penebangan_dan_pembakaran_hutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Penebangan dan pembakaran hutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penebangan_dan_pembakaran_hutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_bahan_bakar_fosil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_bahan_bakar_fosil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_bahan_bakar_fosil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pencemaran_laut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pencemaran_laut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pencemaran laut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pencemaran_laut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri_pertanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri_pertanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Industri pertanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri_pertanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perubahan_iklim_tiba-tiba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perubahan_iklim_tiba-tiba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Perubahan iklim tiba-tiba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perubahan_iklim_tiba-tiba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dampak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dampak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Dampak</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dampak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peningkatan_suhu_Bumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peningkatan_suhu_Bumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Peningkatan suhu Bumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peningkatan_suhu_Bumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perubahan_curah_hujan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perubahan_curah_hujan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Perubahan curah hujan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perubahan_curah_hujan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenaikan_suhu_dan_tinggi_muka_laut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenaikan_suhu_dan_tinggi_muka_laut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Kenaikan suhu dan tinggi muka laut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenaikan_suhu_dan_tinggi_muka_laut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pergeseran_musim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pergeseran_musim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Pergeseran musim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pergeseran_musim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesadaran_pembangunan_berkelanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesadaran_pembangunan_berkelanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Kesadaran pembangunan berkelanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesadaran_pembangunan_berkelanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perubahan iklim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 112 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatsverandering" title="Klimaatsverandering – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klimaatsverandering" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تغير المناخ – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تغير المناخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تبدال د لمناخ – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تبدال د لمناخ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تغير المناخ – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تغير المناخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camb%C3%A9u_clim%C3%A1ticu" title="Cambéu climáticu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cambéu climáticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qlim_d%C9%99yi%C5%9Fikliyi" title="İqlim dəyişikliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqlim dəyişikliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایقلیم دییشیکلیگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbago_kan_klima" title="Pagbago kan klima – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagbago kan klima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Змена клімату – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Змена клімату" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Изменение на климата – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изменение на климата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="जलवायु बदलाव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जलवायु बदलाव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8" title="জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনশীলতা এবং পরিবর্তন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনশীলতা এবং পরিবর্তন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B" title="གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klimatske promjene" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvi_clim%C3%A0tic" title="Canvi climàtic – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canvi climàtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گۆڕانی ئاووھەوا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆڕانی ئاووھەوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatick%C3%A9_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Klimatické změny – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klimatické změny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newid_hinsawdd" title="Newid hinsawdd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Newid hinsawdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima%C3%A6ndring" title="Klimaændring – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klimaændring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change" title="Climate Change – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Climate Change" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF" title="जलवायु बदलि – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जलवायु बदलि" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Κλιματική αλλαγή – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλιματική αλλαγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimata_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Do" title="Klimata ŝanĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klimata ŝanĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliimamuutus" title="Kliimamuutus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kliimamuutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima_aldaketa" title="Klima aldaketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klima aldaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تغییر اقلیم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تغییر اقلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmastonmuutos" title="Ilmastonmuutos – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmastonmuutos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%B0urlagsbroytingar" title="Veðurlagsbroytingar – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Veðurlagsbroytingar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changement_climatique" title="Changement climatique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Changement climatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athr%C3%BA_aer%C3%A1ide" title="Athrú aeráide – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Athrú aeráide" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharrachadh_na_Gn%C3%A0th-sh%C3%ACde" title="Atharrachadh na Gnàth-shìde – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Atharrachadh na Gnàth-shìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A8" title="વૈશ્વિક આબોહવા પરિવર્તન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વૈશ્વિક આબોહવા પરિવર્તન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Cambio climático" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caghlaa_emshyraght" title="Caghlaa emshyraght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caghlaa emshyraght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canjin_yanayi" title="Canjin yanayi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Canjin yanayi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שינוי אקלים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שינוי אקלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="जलवायु परिवर्तन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलवायु परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klimatske promjene" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanjman_klimatik" title="Chanjman klimatik – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chanjman klimatik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ghajlatv%C3%A1ltoz%C3%A1s" title="Éghajlatváltozás – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éghajlatváltozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կլիմայի փոփոխություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլիմայի փոփոխություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կլիմայական Փոփոխութիւններ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կլիմայական Փոփոխութիւններ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato-chanjo" title="Klimato-chanjo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klimato-chanjo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loftslagsbreytingar" title="Loftslagsbreytingar – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loftslagsbreytingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambiamento_climatico" title="Cambiamento climatico – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cambiamento climatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%A4%89%E5%8B%95" title="気候変動 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気候変動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owahan_iklim" title="Owahan iklim – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Owahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კლიმატის ცვლილება – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლიმატის ცვლილება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmeskel_anezway" title="Asmeskel anezway – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asmeskel anezway" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96" title="Климаттың өзгеруі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Климаттың өзгеруі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" title="기후변화 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기후변화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guher%C3%AEna_avheway%C3%AA" title="Guherîna avhewayê – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guherîna avhewayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanj_an_Hin" title="Chanj an Hin – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chanj an Hin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%B3%D2%AF_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%81%D2%AF" title="Дүйнө жүзүндөгү климаттын өзгөрүүсү – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дүйнө жүзүндөгү климаттын өзгөрүүсү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimawandel" title="Klimawandel – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Klimawandel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangiamento_climatico" title="Cangiamento climatico – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cangiamento climatico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9F%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato_kaita" title="Klimato kaita – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klimato kaita" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimata_p%C4%81rmai%C5%86as" title="Klimata pārmaiņas – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klimata pārmaiņas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiovan%27_ny_toetany" title="Fiovan' ny toetany – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiovan' ny toetany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Климатски промени – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Климатски промени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കാലാവസ്ഥാവ്യതിയാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലാവസ്ഥാവ്യതിയാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="हवामान बदल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामान बदल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Perubahan iklim – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perubahan iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibdil_fil-klima" title="Tibdil fil-klima – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tibdil fil-klima" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှု – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာသီဥတုပြောင်းလဲမှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="जलवायु परिवर्तन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जलवायु परिवर्तन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaatverandering" title="Klimaatverandering – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klimaatverandering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klimaendring" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaendring" title="Klimaendring – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klimaendring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambiament_climatic" title="Cambiament climatic – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cambiament climatic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmiana_klimatu" title="Zmiana klimatu – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zmiana klimatu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D9%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آب و ہوا تبدیلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آب و ہوا تبدیلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="اقلیمي بدلون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اقلیمي بدلون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudan%C3%A7a_do_clima" title="Mudança do clima – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mudança do clima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihindagurika_ry%27ibihe" title="Ihindagurika ry'ibihe – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ihindagurika ry'ibihe" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schimbare_climatic%C4%83" title="Schimbare climatică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schimbare climatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Изменение климата – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изменение климата" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imihindagurikire_y%E2%80%99ibihe" title="Imihindagurikire y’ibihe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Imihindagurikire y’ibihe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaudamentu_clim%C3%A0ticu" title="Scaudamentu climàticu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scaudamentu climàticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_chynge" title="Climate chynge – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Climate chynge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatska_promjena" title="Klimatska promjena – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klimatska promjena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83" title="‍දේශගුණික විපර්යාස – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="‍දේශගුණික විපර්යාස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Climate change" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatick%C3%A9_zmeny" title="Klimatické zmeny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klimatické zmeny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebne_spremembe" title="Podnebne spremembe – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podnebne spremembe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndryshimet_klimatike" title="Ndryshimet klimatike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndryshimet klimatike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Климатска промена – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Климатска промена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndring" title="Klimatförändring – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klimatförändring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabadiliko_ya_tabianchi" title="Mabadiliko ya tabianchi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mabadiliko ya tabianchi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காலநிலை மாற்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலநிலை மாற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbabago_ng_klima" title="Pagbabago ng klima – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagbabago ng klima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0klim_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fikli%C4%9Fi" title="İklim değişikliği – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İklim değişikliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Зміна клімату – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зміна клімату" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqlim_o%CA%BBzgarishi" title="Iqlim oʻzgarishi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iqlim oʻzgarishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canbiamento_clim%C3%A0tego" title="Canbiamento climàtego – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canbiamento climàtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatan_toi%C5%BEetamine" title="Klimatan toižetamine – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Klimatan toižetamine" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_kh%C3%AD_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Biến đổi khí hậu – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biến đổi khí hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbabag-o_han_klima" title="Pagbabag-o han klima – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagbabag-o han klima" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="气候变化 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气候变化" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E7%8E%87%E8%88%87%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變率與變化 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氣候變率與變化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" title="氣候變化 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣候變化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125928#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Perubahan_iklim" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perubahan_iklim"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Perubahan_iklim" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Perubahan_iklim" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&oldid=26658070" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Perubahan_iklim&id=26658070&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerubahan_iklim"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerubahan_iklim"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perubahan+iklim"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perubahan_iklim&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q125928" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk perubahan iklim global saat ini, lihat <a href="/wiki/Perebusan_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Perebusan global">Perebusan global</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk istilah yang menggambarkan pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim, lihat <a href="/wiki/Krisis_iklim" title="Krisis iklim">Krisis iklim</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk perubahan iklim lampau, lihat <a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">paleoklimatologi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catatan_suhu_geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catatan suhu geologi (halaman belum tersedia)">catatan suhu geologi</a>.</div> <style 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar"><caption class="sidebar-outer-title"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_atmosfer" title="Ilmu atmosfer">Ilmu atmosfer</a></caption><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg/180px-ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg/270px-ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg/360px-ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4502" data-file-height="3937" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisik_atmosfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisik atmosfer (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisik atmosfer</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteorologi_skala_sinoptik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteorologi skala sinoptik (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinamika atmosfer</a> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Dinamika_atmosfer" title="Kategori:Dinamika atmosfer">(kategori)</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Kimia_atmosfer" title="Kimia atmosfer">Kimia atmosfer</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Kimia_atmosfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Kimia atmosfer (halaman belum tersedia)">(kategori)</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">Meteorologi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">Cuaca</a> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Cuaca" title="Kategori:Cuaca">(kategori)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Cuaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Cuaca (halaman belum tersedia)">(portal)</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Badai_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Badai tropis">Badai tropis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Badai_tropis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Badai tropis (halaman belum tersedia)">(kategori)</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">Klimatologi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">Iklim</a> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Iklim" title="Kategori:Iklim">(kategori)</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perubahan iklim</a> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Perubahan_iklim" title="Kategori:Perubahan iklim">(kategori)</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" title="Pemanasan global">Pemanasan global</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategory:Pemanasan_global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategory:Pemanasan global (halaman belum tersedia)">(kategori)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Pemanasan_global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Pemanasan global (halaman belum tersedia)">(portal)</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Aeronomi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Aeronomi</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading navbox-abovebelow"> <b>Glosarium</b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_meteorologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium meteorologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium meteorologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_istilah_siklon_tropis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium istilah siklon tropis (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium istilah siklon tropis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_istilah_tornado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium istilah tornado (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium istilah tornado</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_perubahan_iklim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium perubahan iklim (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium perubahan iklim</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ilmu_atmosfer" title="Templat:Ilmu atmosfer"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Ilmu_atmosfer" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ilmu atmosfer"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ilmu_atmosfer&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Perubahan iklim</b> adalah perubahan jangka panjang dalam suhu dan pola cuaca <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a> dalam periode waktu yang sangat lama. Bentuk perubahan iklim berkaitan dengan perubahan kebiasaan cuaca atau perubahan persebaran kejadian cuaca.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penyebab utama terjadinya perubahan iklim yaitu <a href="/wiki/Pemanasan_global" title="Pemanasan global">pemanasan global</a>. Percepatan pemanasan global merupakan akibat dari meningkatnya konsentrasi <a href="/wiki/Gas_rumah_kaca" title="Gas rumah kaca">gas rumah kaca</a> di <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer_Bumi" title="Atmosfer Bumi">atmosfer Bumi</a> yang mengubah peran dari <a href="/wiki/Efek_rumah_kaca" title="Efek rumah kaca">efek rumah kaca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aktivitas manusia juga dapat mengubah iklim bumi, dan hal inilah yang mendorong perubahan iklim melalui pemanasan global.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidak ada kesepakatan umum dalam dokumen ilmiah, media, atau kebijakan mengenai istilah yang tepat untuk digunakan merujuk pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropogenik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropogenik (halaman belum tersedia)">antropogenik</a> perubahan yang dipaksakan; baik "pemanasan global" atau "perubahan iklim" dapat digunakan.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perubahan iklim akan berdampak kepada peningkatan tinggi permukaan air laut, meningkatnya jumlah bencana alam, pergeseran rentang <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografis</a>, dan kerusakan <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a>. Dampak perubahan iklim akan dirasakan oleh manusia, hewan, tumbuhan, maupun <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a>. Perubahan iklim akan memberi dampak di lautan, daratan maupun di lapisan udara.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perubahan iklim terjadi melalui interaksi antarunsur iklim selama puluhan hingga jutaan tahun. Masing-masing unsur iklim memberikan pengaruh terhadap kondisi iklim dengan tingkat pengaruh yang berubah-ubah. Pengaruh perubahan iklim dapat dimulai dalam skala kawasan perkotaan atau kabupaten hingga kawasan benua. Perubahan iklim dapat terjadi karena pengaruh dari luar berupa radiasi matahari maupun pengaruh dari dalam Bumi berupa peningkatan kadar <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> di atmosfer.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istilah">Istilah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Istilah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Istilah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah ini bisa juga berarti perubahan keadaan cuaca rata-rata atau perubahan distribusi peristiwa cuaca rata-rata, contohnya, jumlah peristiwa cuaca ekstrem yang semakin banyak atau sedikit. Perubahan iklim terbatas hingga regional tertentu atau dapat terjadi di seluruh wilayah Bumi. Perubahan iklim juga disebut perubahan jangka panjang dalam suhu dan pola cuaca </p><p>Dalam penggunaannya saat ini, khususnya pada kebijakan lingkungan, perubahan iklim merujuk pada perubahan iklim modern. Perubahan ini dapat dikelompokkan sebagai perubahan iklim antropogenik atau lebih umumnya dikenal sebagai pemanasan global atau pemanasan global antropogenik. </p><p>Perubahan iklim terjadi ketika perubahan dalam sistem iklim bumi menghasilkan pola cuaca baru yang bertahan selama setidaknya beberapa dekade, dan mungkin selama jutaan tahun. Sistem iklim terdiri dari lima bagian yang saling berinteraksi, <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfer">atmosfer</a> (udara), <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer" title="Hidrosfer">hidrosfer</a> (air), <a href="/wiki/Kriosfer" title="Kriosfer">kriosfer</a> (es dan permafrost), <a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">biosfer</a> (makhluk hidup), dan <a href="/wiki/Litosfer" title="Litosfer">litosfer</a> (kerak bumi dan mantel atas). Sistem iklim menerima hampir semua energinya dari matahari, dengan jumlah yang relatif kecil dari interior bumi. Sistem iklim juga memberikan energi ke luar angkasa. Keseimbangan energi yang masuk dan keluar, dan perjalanan energi melalui sistem iklim, menentukan anggaran energi Bumi. Ketika energi yang masuk lebih besar dari energi yang keluar, anggaran energi bumi positif dan sistem iklim memanas. Jika lebih banyak energi keluar, anggaran energi negatif dan bumi mengalami pendinginan. </p><p>Saat energi ini bergerak melalui sistem iklim Bumi, ia menciptakan cuaca Bumi dan rata-rata cuaca jangka panjang disebut "iklim". Perubahan rata-rata jangka panjang disebut "perubahan iklim". Perubahan seperti itu bisa merupakan hasil dari "variabilitas internal", ketika proses alami yang melekat pada berbagai bagian dari sistem iklim mengubah anggaran energi Bumi. Contohnya termasuk pola siklus laut seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Nino_Southern_Oscillation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Nino Southern Oscillation (halaman belum tersedia)">El Nino Southern Oscillation</a> yang terkenal dan kurang dikenal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osilasi_decadal_Pasifik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osilasi decadal Pasifik (halaman belum tersedia)">osilasi decadal Pasifik</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osilasi_multidecadal_Atlantik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osilasi multidecadal Atlantik (halaman belum tersedia)">osilasi multidecadal Atlantik</a>. Perubahan iklim juga dapat dihasilkan dari "pemaksaan eksternal", ketika peristiwa di luar lima bagian sistem iklim tetap menghasilkan perubahan dalam sistem. Contohnya termasuk perubahan output matahari dan vulkanisme. </p><p>Bidang <a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">klimatologi</a> menggabungkan banyak bidang penelitian yang berbeda. Untuk periode perubahan iklim kuno, para peneliti mengandalkan bukti yang disimpan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proksi_(iklim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proksi (iklim) (halaman belum tersedia)">proksi iklim</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Inti_es" title="Inti es">inti es</a>. Cincin pohon purba, catatan geologis perubahan permukaan laut, dan <a href="/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi">geologi glasial</a>. Bukti fisik dari perubahan iklim saat ini mencakup banyak bukti independen, beberapa di antaranya adalah catatan suhu, hilangnya es, dan peristiwa cuaca ekstrem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologi">Terminologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Terminologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Terminologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definisi paling umum dari perubahan iklim adalah perubahan dalam sifat statistik (terutama rata-rata dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variabilitas_statistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variabilitas statistik (halaman belum tersedia)">penyebaran</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dari <a href="/wiki/Sistem_iklim" title="Sistem iklim">sistem iklim</a> ketika dipertimbangkan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, terlepas dari penyebabnya.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karenanya, fluktuasi dalam periode yang lebih singkat dari beberapa dekade, seperti <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="El Niño">El Niño</a>, tidak mewakili perubahan iklim. </p><p>Istilah "perubahan iklim" sering digunakan untuk merujuk secara khusus pada perubahan iklim antropogenik (juga dikenal sebagai pemanasan global). Perubahan iklim antropogenik disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia, berbeda dengan perubahan iklim yang mungkin dihasilkan sebagai bagian dari proses alami Bumi.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam pengertian ini, terutama dalam konteks kebijakan lingkungan, istilah perubahan iklim telah menjadi identik dengan antropogenik pemanasan global. Dalam jurnal ilmiah, pemanasan global mengacu pada kenaikan suhu permukaan sementara perubahan iklim termasuk pemanasan global dan segala sesuatu yang mempengaruhi peningkatan level gas rumah kaca.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istilah terkait, "perubahan iklim", diusulkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Meteorologi_Dunia" title="Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia">Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia</a> (WMO) pada tahun 1966 untuk mencakup semua bentuk variabilitas iklim pada skala waktu lebih dari 10 tahun, tetapi terlepas dari penyebabnya. Selama tahun 1970-an, istilah perubahan iklim menggantikan perubahan iklim untuk fokus pada penyebab antropogenik, karena menjadi jelas bahwa aktivitas manusia berpotensi mengubah iklim secara drastis.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perubahan iklim dimasukkan dalam judul <a href="/wiki/Panel_Antarpemerintah_tentang_Perubahan_Iklim" title="Panel Antarpemerintah tentang Perubahan Iklim">Panel Antarpemerintah tentang Perubahan Iklim</a> (IPCC) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvensi_Kerangka_Kerja_PBB_tentang_Perubahan_Iklim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (halaman belum tersedia)">Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim</a> (UNFCCC). Perubahan iklim sekarang digunakan sebagai deskripsi teknis dari proses, serta kata benda yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan masalah.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penyebab">Penyebab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Penyebab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyebab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan iklim terjadi ketika perubahan dalam sistem iklim bumi menghasilkan pola cuaca baru yang bertahan selama setidaknya beberapa dekade, dan mungkin selama jutaan tahun. Sistem iklim terdiri dari lima bagian yang saling berinteraksi, atmosfer (udara), hidrosfer (air), kriosfer (es dan permafrost), biosfer (makhluk hidup), dan litosfer (kerak bumi dan mantel atas). </p><p>Sistem iklim menerima hampir semua energinya dari matahari, dengan jumlah yang relatif kecil dari interior bumi. Sistem iklim juga memberikan energi ke luar angkasa. Keseimbangan energi yang masuk dan keluar, dan perjalanan energi melalui sistem iklim, menentukan anggaran energi Bumi. Ketika energi yang masuk lebih besar dari energi yang keluar, anggaran energi bumi positif dan sistem iklim memanas. Jika lebih banyak energi keluar, anggaran energi negatif dan bumi mengalami pendinginan. </p><p>Saat ini, energi yang diterima dari matahari semakin lama semakin banyak namun, proses pengeluaran energi tersebut terhalang atau terpantulkan karena adanya efek rumah kaca. Efek rumah kaca merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan bumi memiliki efek seperti rumah kaca diatas di mana panas matahari terperangkap oleh atmosfer bumi. Gas-gas di atmosfer seperti karbon dioksida (CO2) dapat menahan panas matahari sehingga panas matahari terperangkap di dalam atmosfer bumi. Hal ini yang menyebabkan udara makin panas. Seharusnya panas dari matahari dipantulkan ke luar atmosfer menjadi terperangkap di atmosfer sehingga suhu di bumi naik. </p><p>Berikut ini adalah penyebab-penyebab makin tingginya konsentrasi gas-gas rumah kaca di atmosfer: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penebangan_dan_pembakaran_hutan">Penebangan dan pembakaran hutan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Penebangan dan pembakaran hutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penebangan dan pembakaran hutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pohon sangat berguna karena dapat mengubah gas karbon dioksida menjadi oksigen yang bermanfaat untuk kita, akan tetapi manusia suka melakukan penebangan hutan dan membakarnya untuk dijadikan tempat bercocok tanam. Selain itu, saat hutan dibakar menghasilkan gas-gas rumah kaca yang tentu dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_bahan_bakar_fosil">Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil seperti minyak bumi dan batu bara yang terlalu berlebihan bukan hanya berdampak buruk pada kualitas udara, tapi juga dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer seperti karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pencemaran_laut">Pencemaran laut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pencemaran laut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pencemaran laut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lautan dapat menyerap karbon dioksida dalam jumlah yang besar, akan tetapi akibat pencemaran laut oleh limbah industri dan sampah, laut menjadi tercemar sehingga banyak ekosistem di dalamnya yang musnah, yang menyebabkan laut tidak dapat menyerap karbon dioksida lagi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industri_pertanian">Industri pertanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Industri pertanian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Industri pertanian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pertanian dalam skala besar (industri) menggunakan pupuk buatan yang sangat banyak. Pupuk yang dipakai tersebut melepaskan <a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_monoksida" title="Dinitrogen monoksida">dinitrogen monoksida</a> (N<sub>2</sub>O) ke atmosfer yang merupakan gas rumah kaca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perubahan_iklim_tiba-tiba">Perubahan iklim tiba-tiba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Perubahan iklim tiba-tiba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perubahan iklim tiba-tiba"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan iklim yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba terjadi akibat kondisi sistem iklim yang tidak linier. Proses perubahan terjadi secara mendadak dan tidak terduga sebelumnya. Suatu perubahan iklim dikatakan mengalami perubahan yang tiba-tiba apabila terjadi perubahan ciri khas iklim karena ada paksaan dari luar. Peristiwa yang termasuk dalam perubahan iklim tiba-tiba yaitu sirkulasi termohalin, pencairan <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletser</a> secara cepat, pencairan <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">material organik</a> dari tanah atau batuan es yang bersuhu dibawah 0°C secara cepat atau percepatan siklus karbon akibat peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Respirasi" title="Respirasi">respirasi</a> tanah.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dampak">Dampak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Dampak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dampak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan iklim merusak ekosistem penting, seperti terumbu karang yang hancur karena suhu laut yang lebih tinggi. Hutan hujan tropis juga terancam, dan banyak spesies mengalami perubahan dalam pola migrasi dan reproduksi mereka, yang mengganggu keseimbangan alam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peningkatan_suhu_Bumi">Peningkatan suhu Bumi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Peningkatan suhu Bumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peningkatan suhu Bumi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peningkatan suhu Bumi terwujud dalam bentuk pemanasan global. Suhu bumi yang meningkat berdampak pada peningkatan konsumsi energi dan peningkatan bencana penyakit di dalam kehidupan manusia. Peningkatan penggunaan energi dan penurunan produksi tanaman atau gagal panen dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya ancaman kelaparan. Penguapan air yang berlebihan akibat peningkatan suhu menyebabkan ketersediaan air di permukaan Bumi sangat terbatas. Bersamaan dengan itu, peningkatan suhu Bumi menyebabkan terjadinya kebakaran hutan yang menimbulkan kabut asap. Peningkatan jumlah kabut asap berdampak pada peningkatan wabah penyakit <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demam_berdarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Demam berdarah">demam berdarah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diare" title="Diare">diare</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/ISPA" class="mw-redirect" title="ISPA">gangguan pernapasan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perubahan_curah_hujan">Perubahan curah hujan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Perubahan curah hujan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perubahan curah hujan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan curah hujan teramati dengan jenis musim yang tidak menentu. Pada musim hujan, curah hujan menjadi sangat tinggi sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya banjir dan longsor. Bencana alam ini kemudian mengurangi luas lahan pertanian, menyebabkan kekeringan dan penurunan ketersediaan air secara berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini kemudian mempengaruhi pasokan air untuk wilayah perkotaan dan pertanian, serta meluasnya kebakaran hutan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenaikan_suhu_dan_tinggi_muka_laut">Kenaikan suhu dan tinggi muka laut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Kenaikan suhu dan tinggi muka laut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kenaikan suhu dan tinggi muka laut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kenaikan suhu permukaan laut membuat terumbu karang rusak dan arah arus laut berubah. Kondisi ini kemudian mengubah pola migrasi ikan di laut dan berpengaruh terhadap penghasilan nelayan. Peningkatan suhu permukaan laut juga membuat genangan air laut meluas dan wilayah pesisir lebih sering mengalami abrasi dan meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Intrusi_air_asin" title="Intrusi air asin">intrusi</a> air laut ke daratan sehingga mengancam kehidupan di wilayah pesisir.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pergeseran_musim">Pergeseran musim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Pergeseran musim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pergeseran musim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan iklim mengakiatkan terjadinya pergeseran musim. Bencana kekeringan dan penggurunan terjadi larena musim kemarau akan berlangsung lebih lama dari waktu normalnya. Dampak lekeringan akan dirasakan terutama di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Sementara itu, tingkat curah hujan sangat tinggi pada saat musim hujan dengan waktu yang lebih singkat dari waktu normalnya. Peningkatan curah hujan ini menyebabkan bencana banjir dan tanah longsor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesadaran_pembangunan_berkelanjutan">Kesadaran pembangunan berkelanjutan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Kesadaran pembangunan berkelanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesadaran pembangunan berkelanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perubahan iklim memberi peluang bagi terciptanya kesadaran akan pembangunan berkelanjutan di dalam pemikiran masyarakat global. Berbagai dampak negatif yang telah dialami secara langsung oleh masyarakat memberikan kemungkinan pemanfaatan perubahan iklim secara positif. Perubahan iklim meningkatkan daya cipta dan reka baru terhadap model bisnis dan model politik. Melalui pembangunan keberlanjutan, masyarakat meningkatkan penggunaan cara-cara mutakhir dalam mengelola alam berdasarkan kearifan lokal yang ada di lingkup negara atau global.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aldrian, dkk. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edvin_Aldrian/publication/309721670_Adaptasi_dan_Mitigasi_Perubahan_Iklim_di_Indonesia/links/581ec39c08aea429b295db6b/Adaptasi-dan-Mitigasi-Perubahan-Iklim-di-Indonesia.pdf"><i>Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Pusat Perubahan Iklim dan Kualitas Udara, Kedeputian Bidang Klimatologi, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. hlm. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adaptasi+dan+Mitigasi+Perubahan+Iklim+di+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Pusat+Perubahan+Iklim+dan+Kualitas+Udara%2C+Kedeputian+Bidang+Klimatologi%2C+Badan+Meteorologi%2C+Klimatologi%2C+dan+Geofisika&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Aldrian%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FEdvin_Aldrian%2Fpublication%2F309721670_Adaptasi_dan_Mitigasi_Perubahan_Iklim_di_Indonesia%2Flinks%2F581ec39c08aea429b295db6b%2FAdaptasi-dan-Mitigasi-Perubahan-Iklim-di-Indonesia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hindarto, dkk. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/dickyedwin/pasarkarbon"><i>#pasarkarbon: Pengantar Pasar Karbon untuk Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim</i></a>. Jakarta Pusat: PMR Indonesia. hlm. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%23pasarkarbon%3A+Pengantar+Pasar+Karbon+untuk+Pengendalian+Perubahan+Iklim&rft.place=Jakarta+Pusat&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=PMR+Indonesia&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Hindarto%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fdickyedwin%2Fpasarkarbon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529161102/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782"><i>Advancing the Science of Climate Change</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-309-14588-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-309-14588-0">0-309-14588-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 May 2014. <q>(p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. (pp. 21–22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advancing+the+Science+of+Climate+Change&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0-309-14588-0&rft.au=America%27s+Climate+Choices%3A+Panel+on+Advancing+the+Science+of+Climate+Change%3B+National+Research+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Frecord_id%3D12782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hulme, Mike (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358797/Climate_change_concept_of_"><i>Concept of Climate Change, in: The International Encyclopedia of Geography</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell/Association of American Geographers (AAG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concept+of+Climate+Change%2C+in%3A+The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Geography&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell%2FAssociation+of+American+Geographers+%28AAG%29&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hulme&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10358797%2FClimate_change_concept_of_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Purbo, dkk. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928033149/http://km.reddplusid.org/d/a424ded436368e3f9f10da14c23acc85"><i>Perubahan Iklim, Perjanjian Paris dan Nationally Determined Contribution</i></a>. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. hlm. 5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-74011-1-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-74011-1-2">978-602-74011-1-2</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://km.reddplusid.org/d/a424ded436368e3f9f10da14c23acc85">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perubahan+Iklim%2C+Perjanjian+Paris+dan+Nationally+Determined+Contribution&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Direktorat+Jenderal+Pengendalian+Perubahan+Iklim%2C+Kementerian+Lingkungan+Hidup+dan+Kehutanan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-602-74011-1-2&rft.au=Purbo%2C+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkm.reddplusid.org%2Fd%2Fa424ded436368e3f9f10da14c23acc85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gunawan, D., dan Kadarsah (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puslitbang.bmkg.go.id/litbang/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/GRK.pdf"><i>Gas Rumah Kaca dan Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika. hlm. 63. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-1282-02-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-1282-02-1">978-602-1282-02-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+Rumah+Kaca+dan+Perubahan+Iklim+di+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Pusat+Penelitian+dan+Pengembangan%2C+Badan+Meteorologi%2C+Klimatologi+dan+Geofisika&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-602-1282-02-1&rft.au=Gunawan%2C+D.%2C+dan+Kadarsah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpuslitbang.bmkg.go.id%2Flitbang%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2FGRK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak November 2022">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Tignor, M.; Miller, H.L., ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch9s9-1.html">"Understanding and Attributing Climate Change"</a>. <i>Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</i>. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contribution+of+Working+Group+I+to+the+Fourth+Assessment+Report+of+the+Intergovernmental+Panel+on+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Understanding+and+Attributing+Climate+Change&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fpublications_and_data%2Far4%2Fwg1%2Fen%2Fch9s9-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100118201820/http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/climate_change.html">"Glossary – Climate Change"</a>. <i>Education Center – Arctic Climatology and Meteorology</i>. NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/climate_change.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Education+Center+%E2%80%93+Arctic+Climatology+and+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Glossary+%E2%80%93+Climate+Change&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsidc.org%2Farcticmet%2Fglossary%2Fclimate_change.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/518.htm">Glossary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307135344/https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/518.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-03-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., in <a href="#CITEREFIPCC_TAR_WG12001">IPCC TAR WG1 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/resource/ccsites/zimbab/conven/text/art01.htm">"The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change"</a>. 21 March 1994. <q><i>Climate change</i> means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+Nations+Framework+Convention+on+Climate+Change&rft.date=1994-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fresource%2Fccsites%2Fzimbab%2Fconven%2Ftext%2Fart01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/climate_by_any_other_name.html">"What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F+Global+Warming+vs.+Climate+Change&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ftopics%2Fearth%2Ffeatures%2Fclimate_by_any_other_name.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aldrian, E., dan Sucahyono S., D. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puslitbang.bmkg.go.id/litbang/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/kamus-istilah-PI.pdf"><i>Kamus Istilah Perubahan Iklim</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika. hlm. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamus+Istilah+Perubahan+Iklim&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Pusat+Penelitian+dan+Pengembangan%2C+Badan+Meteorologi+Klimatologi+dan+Geofisika&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Aldrian%2C++E.%2C+dan+Sucahyono+S.%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpuslitbang.bmkg.go.id%2Flitbang%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F01%2Fkamus-istilah-PI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak November 2022">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hairiah, dkk. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34025380/SEBAB_DAN_DAMPAKNYA_TERHADAP_KEHIDUPAN"><i>Perubahan Iklim: Sebab dan Dampaknya terhadap Kehidupan</i></a>. Bogor: World Agroforestry Centre. hlm. 15. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-3198-84-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-3198-84-2">978-979-3198-84-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perubahan+Iklim%3A+Sebab+dan+Dampaknya+terhadap+Kehidupan&rft.place=Bogor&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=World+Agroforestry+Centre&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-979-3198-84-2&rft.au=Hairiah%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34025380%2FSEBAB_DAN_DAMPAKNYA_TERHADAP_KEHIDUPAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meiviana, dkk. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.b-ok.asia/dl/1122555/92ca24"><i>Bumi Makin Panas: Ancaman Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia</i></a>. Jakarta: Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia dan Yayasan Pelangi Indonesia. hlm. 4–5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/979-98399-0-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/979-98399-0-4">979-98399-0-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bumi+Makin+Panas%3A+Ancaman+Perubahan+Iklim+di+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=Kementrian+Lingkungan+Hidup+Republik+Indonesia+dan+Yayasan+Pelangi+Indonesia&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=979-98399-0-4&rft.au=Meiviana%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.b-ok.asia%2Fdl%2F1122555%2F92ca24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2023">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">UNESCO (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_ffa799bc-53d0-4834-9005-76a936c7e5e1?_=369431ind.pdf"><i>Menyampaikan Pesan: Meliput Perubahan Iklim dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Asia dan Pasifik: Buku Panduan untuk Jurnalis</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-92-3-0000806" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-92-3-0000806">978-92-3-0000806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Menyampaikan+Pesan%3A+Meliput+Perubahan+Iklim+dan+Pembangunan+Berkelanjutan+di+Asia+dan+Pasifik%3A+Buku+Panduan+untuk+Jurnalis&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-92-3-0000806&rft.au=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fin%2Frest%2FannotationSVC%2FDownloadWatermarkedAttachment%2Fattach_import_ffa799bc-53d0-4834-9005-76a936c7e5e1%3F_%3D369431ind.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Emanuel K (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/NATURE03906.pdf">"Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>436</b> (7051): 686–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03906">10.1038/nature03906</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16056221">16056221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Increasing+destructiveness+of+tropical+cyclones+over+the+past+30+years&rft.volume=436&rft.issue=7051&rft.pages=686-8&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature03906&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16056221&rft.au=Emanuel+K&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Ftexmex.mit.edu%2Fpub%2Femanuel%2FPAPERS%2FNATURE03906.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li>IPCC. (2007) <i>Climate change 2007: the physical science basis (summary for policy makers)</i>, IPCC.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Edwards, Paul Geoffrey; Miller, Clark A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/changingatmosphe0000unse"><i>Changing the atmosphere: expert knowledge and environmental governance</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-262-63219-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-262-63219-5">0-262-63219-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+the+atmosphere%3A+expert+knowledge+and+environmental+governance&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-262-63219-5&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Paul+Geoffrey%3B+Miller%2C+Clark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchangingatmosphe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Ruddiman, W. F. (2003). "The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago". <i>Climate Change</i>. <b>61</b> (3): 261–293. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3ACLIM.0000004577.17928.fa">10.1023/B:CLIM.0000004577.17928.fa</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change&rft.atitle=The+anthropogenic+greenhouse+era+began+thousands+of+years+ago&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=261-293&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ACLIM.0000004577.17928.fa&rft.au=Ruddiman%2C+W.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">William F. Ruddiman (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plowsplaguespetr00will"><i>Plows, plagues, and petroleum: how humans took control of climate</i></a>. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-691-13398-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-691-13398-0">0-691-13398-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plows%2C+plagues%2C+and+petroleum%3A+how+humans+took+control+of+climate&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-691-13398-0&rft.au=William+F.+Ruddiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplowsplaguespetr00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Ruddiman, W. F., Vavrus, S. J. and Kutzbach, J. E. (2005). "A test of the overdue-glaciation hypothesis". <i>Quaternary Science Review</i>. <b>24</b> (11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+Science+Review&rft.atitle=A+test+of+the+overdue-glaciation+hypothesis&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Ruddiman%2C+W.+F.%2C+Vavrus%2C+S.+J.+and+Kutzbach%2C+J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Schmidt, G. A., Shindel, D. T. and Harder, S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2004GL021083.shtml">"A note of the relationship between ice core methane concentrations and insolation"</a>. <i>Geophys. Res. Lett</i>. <b>31</b>: L23206. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2004GL021083">10.1029/2004GL021083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophys.+Res.+Lett.&rft.atitle=A+note+of+the+relationship+between+ice+core+methane+concentrations+and+insolation&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=L23206&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2004GL021083&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+G.+A.%2C+Shindel%2C+D.+T.+and+Harder%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agu.org%2Fpubs%2Fcrossref%2F2004%2F2004GL021083.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APerubahan+iklim" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_iklim&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beritalingkungan.com/">Update Berita Perubahan Iklim</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Science/Environment/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Climate_change:_Resources">Climate Change Resources</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=SourceWatch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SourceWatch (halaman belum tersedia)">SourceWatch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/climatechange.htm">Climate Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611205550/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/climatechange.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-06-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from the <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beritalingkungan.com/search/label/Perubahan%20Iklim/">Berita Perubahan Iklim </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/">Climate Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127075407/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climatechange/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-11-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Met_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Met Office (halaman belum tersedia)">Met Office</a> (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.nasa.gov/">Global Climate Change</a> from <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> (US)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanmotion.org/html/impact/climate-variability.htm">Ocean Motion: Satellites Record Weakening North Atlantic Current</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcc.ch/">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/series/climate/">United Nations University's 'Our World 2' Climate Change Video Briefs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/cop15-filmfestival/">United Nations University's 'Our World 2' Indigenous voices on climate change films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.videoproject.com/coralreefs/">Climate Change: Coral Reefs on the Edge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614033126/http://site.videoproject.com/coralreefs/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-06-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. An online video presentation by Prof. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, University of Auckland</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00546l7">Climate Change</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=In_Our_Time_(BBC_Radio_4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In Our Time (BBC Radio 4) (halaman belum tersedia)">In Our Time</a> di <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/console/p00546l7/In_Our_Time_Climate_Change">listen now</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanwatch.org/klima/ccpi.htm">Climate Change Performance Index 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506161816/http://germanwatch.org/klima/ccpi.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-05-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiserearth.org/organization/limitToMasterid/25/limitToType/aof">List of Climate Change related Organizations</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leaf.svg/30px-Leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leaf.svg/45px-Leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Leaf.svg/60px-Leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik lingkungan ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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