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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subalternoffizier" title="Subalternoffizier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subalternoffizier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subalternas" title="Subalternas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Subalternas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%89" title="准大尉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="准大尉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subalternoffiser" title="Subalternoffiser – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Subalternoffiser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Субалтерн-офицер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субалтерн-офицер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subalternofficer" title="Subalternofficer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Subalternofficer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Субалтерн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Субалтерн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q571415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Subby" redirects here. For the BDSM term, see <a href="/wiki/Submissive_(BDSM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Submissive (BDSM)">Submissive (BDSM)</a>.</div><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British military term for a junior officer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Comparative military ranks</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0;"> <table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <b>Armies,<br />air forces <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(non-Commonwealth)</span></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <b>Navies, <br />coast guards</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <b>Air forces</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>(Commonwealth system)</b></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_officer" title="Flag officer">Flag officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_officer" title="Air officer">Air officers</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">Marshal</a> or<br /> <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">Field marshal</a> or<br /> <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_army" title="General of the army">General of the army</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of the fleet</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_air_force" title="Marshal of the air force">Marshal of the air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Army_general" title="Army general">army general</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air chief marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">colonel general</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Army_corps_general" title="Army corps general">army corps general</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal" title="Air marshal">Air marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Divisional_general" title="Divisional general">divisional general</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">Rear admiral</a> or<br /> <a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Air_vice-marshal" title="Air vice-marshal">Air vice-marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">Commodore</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Flotilla_admiral" title="Flotilla admiral">flotilla admiral</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Air_commodore" title="Air commodore">Air commodore</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_officer" title="Senior officer">Senior officers</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">(Ship-of-the-line)<br />Captain</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Group_captain" title="Group captain">Group captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Frigate captain</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Wing_commander" title="Wing commander">Wing commander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Commandant_(rank)" title="Commandant (rank)">commandant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Corvette captain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant<br />commander</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_officer" title="Junior officer">Junior officers</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">First lieutenant</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)">Lieutenant<br />junior grade</a> or <br /><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">junior lieutenant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">Ensign</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Pilot_officer" title="Pilot officer">Pilot officer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">Non-commissioned officers</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant major</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Chief_petty_officer" title="Chief petty officer">chief petty officer</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_(rank)" title="Bombardier (rank)">bombardier</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Leading seaman</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">Enlisted ranks</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Lance corporal</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Lance_bombardier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lance bombardier">Lance bombardier</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)" title="Specialist (rank)">Specialist</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Able_seaman_(rank)" title="Able seaman (rank)">Able seaman</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftman" title="Leading aircraftman">Leading aircraftman</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Air_specialist" title="Air specialist">Air specialist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Gunner_(rank)" title="Gunner (rank)">gunner</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Trooper_(rank)" title="Trooper (rank)">trooper</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Sapper#Specific_usage" title="Sapper">sapper</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> <a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c"> <a href="/wiki/Aircraftman" title="Aircraftman">Aircraftman</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">airman</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Aircraftman" title="Aircraftman">aviator</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 2px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_ranks" title="Template:Military ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_ranks" title="Template talk:Military ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>subaltern</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a primarily British military term for a junior <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literally meaning "<a href="/wiki/Subordinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subordinate">subordinate</a>", subaltern is used to describe <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissioned officers</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land_and_air)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land and air)">captain</a> and generally comprises the various grades of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subaltern_(military)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>, the senior subaltern rank was <a href="/wiki/Captain-lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain-lieutenant">captain-lieutenant</a>, obsolete since the 18th century. Before the <a href="/wiki/Cardwell_Reforms" title="Cardwell Reforms">Cardwell Reforms</a> of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of <a href="/wiki/Cornet_(military_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornet (military rank)">cornet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a><sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were the junior subaltern ranks in the <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> respectively, and were responsible for the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A subaltern takes temporary command of proceedings during <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a>. Within the ranks of subaltern, in a battalion or regiment, a Senior Subaltern may be appointed, usually by rank and seniority, who is responsible for discipline within the junior officer ranks and is responsible to the <a href="/wiki/Adjutant" title="Adjutant">adjutant</a> for this duty, although the adjutant is ultimately responsible to the commanding officer for the discipline of all the junior officers within the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_ranks"><span id="Women.27s_ranks"></span>Women's ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subaltern_(military)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Women's ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1941 to 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Territorial_Service" title="Auxiliary Territorial Service">Auxiliary Territorial Service</a> (ATS) of the British Army used the ranks of second subaltern and subaltern, which were equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a> respectively. From 1949 to 1950, the ATS's successor organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Army_Corps" title="Women's Royal Army Corps">Women's Royal Army Corps</a>, also used the same ranks until it abandoned them in favour of regular British Army ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Princess Elizabeth</a> held the rank of second subaltern in the ATS during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subaltern_(military)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> carried over the rank structure from the British Army including the subaltern ranks of lieutenant, cornet, ensign and subaltern. Continental Army subalterns ranks were supposed to wear green colored cockades in their hats.<sup id="cite_ref-abt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> period had ensign and sometimes subaltern ranks, with the subaltern rank below the ensign rank where they coexisted.<sup id="cite_ref-ae_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1800, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>'s cornet, ensign and subaltern ranks were replaced by second lieutenant.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1862, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> began using the ensign rank, which began using a gold bar as insignia in 1922. Second lieutenants received the gold bar insignia in 1917. When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> became a separate military branch from the Army, it kept the Army's commissioned officers ranks and insignia.<sup id="cite_ref-abt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subaltern_(military)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officer (armed forces)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> grades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)">Lieutenant (junior grade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subaltern_(military)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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