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1947 року про регулювання трудових відносин, є федеральним законом Сполучених Штатів, спрямованим проти впливу «лівих» на суспільство, який обмежує діяльність та вплив профспілок. Названий за іменем сенатора Р. А. Тафта (RA Taft) і члена палати представників Ф. Гартлі (F. Hartley).</p> <p>Основним автором закону Тафта-Хартлі був Дж. Мак Свігерт, юридична фірма Цинциннаті Taft, Stettinius & Холлістер.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="uk" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Зміст</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Передісторія прийняття</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Призначення</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Нововведення</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Значення</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Джерела</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Посилання</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Передісторія_прийняття"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.96.D1.8F_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD.D1.8F.D1.82.D1.82.D1.8F"></span>Передісторія прийняття</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Передісторія прийняття" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Закон Вагнера (прийнятий у 1935 р. в кризовій ситуації, що переслідував не в останню чергу політичні цілі <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франклін Делано Рузвельт">Ф. Рузвельта</a> перед черговими виборами) створив дисбаланс політичних сил, обмежуючи свободу дій, «нечесну трудову практику» тільки підприємців, що не могло не викликати бурхливого протесту з їхнього боку.</p> <p>Боротьба навколо Закону 1935 р. розпочалася відразу ж після його прийняття. В неї включилася антирузвельтівська організація «Американська ліга свободи», такі великі організації американського бізнесу, як «Національна асоціація промисловців», «Торговельна палата» та інші.</p> <p>До <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1937?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1937">1937</a> р. боротьба велася за визнання закону неконституційним, потім за перегляд його конгресом, у якому за наступні 10 років було розглянуто 200 відповідних законопроєктів. У <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1947">1947</a> р. такий перегляд відбувся, був прийнятий досі діючий Закон Тафта-Гартлі.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Призначення"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8F"></span>Призначення</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Призначення" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Закон Тафта-Гартлі був покликаний створити механізм припинення незаконних страйків, а також запобігання політизації профспілок. Досягнення цих цілей правлячі кола вбачали в проведенні політики подальшої інтеграції профспілок в регулюючі <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Соціальні відносини">соціальні відносини</a>, державний механізм, а також у наділенні президента значними правами для запобігання конфліктам у промисловості, особливо тих, які загрожували громадської безпеки.</p> <p>Закон спиняв низку напрямків «нечесної трудової практики» профспілок: забороняв деякі види страйків, зокрема вторинні бойкоти (тобто бойкоти тих підприємців, які не були безпосередніми наймачами страйкуючих робітників), страйки солідарності, пікетування підприємств з тим, щоб домогтися від підприємця укладення договору з профспілкою, який не пройшов встановленої законом процедури його офіційного визнання, страйки державних службовців, страйки, створюють загрозу національній безпеці, та інші.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Нововведення"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8F"></span>Нововведення</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Нововведення" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Страйки дозволялися за дотримання таких умов:</p> <ul> <li>введенням двомісячного «охолоджувального періоду»;</li> <li>обов'язковим повідомленням підприємця про намір провести страйк;</li> <li>голосуванням робочих перед оголошенням страйку.</li> </ul> <p>На основі спеціального положення закону про захист прав робітників від профспілок була значно посилена правова регламентація діяльності профспілок, зокрема закон докладно регулював порядок укладання колективних договорів, розглядав, яким умовам повинна відповідати <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Профспілка">профспілка</a>, що добивається права участі в колективно-договірних відносинах, вимагав від керівників профспілок підписки про непричетність до діяльності Комуністичної партії, подання щорічних звітів Міністерству праці про свої фінансові справи тощо. <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Профспілка">Профспілкам</a> було відмовлено в праві робити внески у виборчі фонди осіб, які домагаються обрання на федеральні посади.</p> <p>Новостворений орган, <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Федеральна служба посередництва і примирення (ще не написана)">Федеральна служба посередництва і примирення</a>, повинен був вирішувати спори між підприємцями і робітниками шляхом колективних переговорів їх представників. Але головна роль у справі втілення в життя положень закону відводилася Національному управлінню з трудових відносин (НУТВ) і судам, яким належало право винесення заборонних наказів щодо незаконних <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Страйк">страйків</a>, розгляду цивільних позовів та кримінальних справ, що стосуються неправдивих свідчень про неналежність до Комуністичної партії, політичної діяльності профспілок та інші.</p> <p>Закон створював також постійно діючий президентський механізм для припинення «недозволеної профспілкової активності». Президент міг заборонити страйк на 80 днів, якщо, з його точки зору, він «загрожував національним інтересам», міг звернутися до суду для винесення судового наказу про заборону страйку, призначити арбітражну комісію для розгляду трудового конфлікту.</p> <p>Антипрофспілкова обмежувальна спрямованість Закону Тафта-Гартлі була посилена <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%96%D1%84%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Закон Лендрама-Гріффіна (ще не написана)">Законом Лендрама-Гріффіна</a> <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959">1959</a> р., що поставив профспілки під ще більший контроль державних органів, які отримали право регулювати проведення виборів до профспілкових органів, визначати розміри членських внесків, вимагати подання в Міністерство праці звітів, копій статутів, постанов профспілок та інші.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Значення"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8F"></span>Значення</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Значення" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Положення Закону Тафта-Гартлі неодноразово підкріплювалися згодом рішеннями <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Верховний суд США">Верховного суду США</a>. Наприклад, в 1984, 1985 рр.. Верховний суд заборонив чинити тиск на робітників з тією метою, щоб вони вступали до профспілки (однак дозволив вести серед них «роз'яснювальну роботу»), підтримав практику заборони «закритого цеху», надав компаніям, «що зазнають фінансові труднощі», право розривати трудові відносини з організованими в профспілку робітниками тощо.</p> <p>Закон Тафта-Гартлі, при всій своїй антипрофспілковій спрямованості, привів до суворішого впорядкування відносин між працею і капіталом, зробив значний внесок у досягнення згоди між ними і тим самим сприяв зміцненню політичної стабільності, в чому інтереси американських підприємців та американських профспілок ніколи не розходилися.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Джерела"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B6.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B0"></span>Джерела</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Джерела" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8/%25D0%2591%25D0%25A1%25D0%25AD/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0-%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD/">http://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/БСЭ/Тафта-Хартли%20закон/</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r43776089">.mw-parser-output .dead-link{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}</style><sup><span class="dead-link">[<i>недоступне посилання з липня 2019</i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://abc.informbureau.com/html/oaooa_oadoee_caeii.html">http://abc.informbureau.com/html/oaooa_oadoee_caeii.html</a> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321074238/http://abc.informbureau.com/html/oaooa_oadoee_caeii.html">Архівовано</a> 21 березня 2012 у <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.]</small></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Посилання"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8F"></span>Посилання</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%96&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редагувати розділ: Посилання" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ред.</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cyclop.com.ua/content/view/1082/58/1/7/%238723">Закон Тафта-Хартлі 1947</a> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809124218/http://cyclop.com.ua/content/view/1082/58/1/7/%238723">Архівовано</a> 9 серпня 2016 у <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.]</small> // <span class="citation" id="CITEREFЮЕ1998"><a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Юридична енциклопедія (друковане видання)">Юридична енциклопедія</a> : <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[у 6 т.]</span> / ред. кол.: <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Шемшученко Юрій Сергійович"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Ю. С. Шемшученко</span></a> (відп. ред.) <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[та ін.]</span>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Київ">К</span>. : <a href="https://uk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Енциклопедичне видавництво">Українська енциклопедія ім. <span style="white-space: nowrap;">М. П. 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