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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Judah ha-Nasi</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Judah_ha-Nasi" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Judah_ha-Nasi" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Judah+ha-Nasi" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_HaNasi&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah HaNasi">Judah HaNasi</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Judah ha-Nasi (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא‎, Yəhūḏā hanNāsīʾ‎; Yehudah HaNasi or Judah the President) or Judah I, known simply as Rebbi or Rabbi, was a second-century <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">tanna</a> of the fifth generation) and chief redactor and <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE. He was a key leader of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish community</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Roman-occupied Judea</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a>. <table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Rabbi</div><div class="fn">Judah ha-Nasi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Catacomb_no._14,_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/220px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/330px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/440px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Burial Cave of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi in <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_(Roman-era_Jewish_village)" title="Beit She'arim (Roman-era Jewish village)">Beit Shearim</a>, Israel</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Yehudah ben Shimon</div> c. 135 CE <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 217 CE <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Judea">Roman Judea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Rabbi, Rebbi, Rabbenu HaQadosh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Rabbi, Tanna, Chief redactor of the Mishnah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Compilation of the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, leadership of the Jewish community in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Judea">Roman Judea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rebbi" redirects here. For the title, see <a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics in Judaism">Honorifics in Judaism</a>. For a Torah teacher, see <a href="/wiki/Maggid_shiur" title="Maggid shiur">Maggid shiur</a>.</div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name_and_titles">1 Name and titles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Biography">2 Biography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Youth">2.1 Youth</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#His_teachers">2.2 His teachers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Leadership">2.3 Leadership</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Death">2.4 Death</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Talmudic_narratives">2.5 Talmudic narratives</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#His_prayers">2.5.1 His prayers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Post-Talmudic_narratives">2.6 Post-Talmudic narratives</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Teachings">3 Teachings</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Compilation_of_the_Mishnah">3.1 Compilation of the Mishnah</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Halacha">3.2 Halacha</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Biblical_interpretation">3.3 Biblical interpretation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Other_quotes">3.4 Other quotes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References">4 References</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name_and_titles">Name and titles</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The title <a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">nasi</a> was used for presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> He was the first nasi to have this title added permanently to his name; in traditional literature he is usually called "Rabbi Yehuda ha-Nasi." Often though (and always in the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>) he is simply called Rabbi "my teacher" (רבי), the master par excellence. He is occasionally called Rabbenu "our master".<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> He is also called "Rabbenu HaQadosh" "our holy master" (רבנו הקדוש)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> due to his deep piety.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Katz2000-5">[5]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Youth" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Galilee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ancient_Galilee.jpg/225px-Ancient_Galilee.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="295" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="516"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 295px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ancient_Galilee.jpg/225px-Ancient_Galilee.jpg" data-width="225" data-height="295" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ancient_Galilee.jpg/338px-Ancient_Galilee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Ancient_Galilee.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a></figcaption></figure> Judah was born in 135 in the newly-established Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> to <a href="/wiki/Simeon_ben_Gamaliel_II" title="Simeon ben Gamaliel II">Simeon ben Gamaliel II</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, he was of the <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He is said to have been born on the same day that <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a> died as a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> suggests that this was a result of <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">divine providence</a>: God had granted the Jewish people another leader of great stature to succeed Akiva. His place of birth is unknown. Judah spent his youth in the city of <a href="/wiki/Usha_(ancient_city)" title="Usha (ancient city)">Usha</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Lower Galilee</a>. His father presumably gave him the same education that he had received, including <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> This knowledge of Greek enabled him to become the Jews' intermediary with the Roman authorities. He favoured Greek as the language of the country over <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Jewish Palestinian Aramaic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In Judah's house, only the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a> was spoken, and the maids of the house became known for their use of obscure Hebrew terminology.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Judah devoted himself to the study of the oral and the written law. He studied under some of Akiva's most eminent students. As their student and through converse with other prominent men who gathered about his father, he laid a strong foundation of scholarship for his life's work: the editing of the Mishnah. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="His_teachers">His teachers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: His teachers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> His teacher at Usha was <a href="/wiki/Judah_bar_Ilai" title="Judah bar Ilai">Judah bar Ilai</a>, who was officially employed in the house of the patriarch as judge in religious and legal questions.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In later years, Judah described how in his childhood he read the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a> at Usha in the presence of Judah bar Ilai.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Judah felt especial reverence for <a href="/wiki/Jose_ben_Halafta" title="Jose ben Halafta">Jose ben Halafta</a>, the student of Akiva's who had the closest relations with Simon ben Gamaliel. When, in later years, Judah raised objections to Jose's opinions, he would say: "We poor ones undertake to attack Jose, though our time compares with his as the profane with the holy!"<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Judah hands down a halakhah by Jose in Menachot 14a. Judah studied from <a href="/wiki/Shimon_bar_Yochai" title="Shimon bar Yochai">Shimon bar Yochai</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teqoa" title="Teqoa">Teqoa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> a place some have identified with <a href="/wiki/Meron,_Israel" title="Meron, Israel">Meron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He also studied with <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Shammua" title="Eleazar ben Shammua">Eleazar ben Shammua</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Judah did not study with <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Meir" title="Rabbi Meir">Rabbi Meir</a>, evidently in consequence of the conflicts which distanced Meir from the house of the patriarch. However, he considered himself lucky even to have seen Meir from behind.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Another of Judah's teachers was <a href="/wiki/Nathan_the_Babylonian" title="Nathan the Babylonian">Nathan the Babylonian</a>, who also took a part in the conflict between Meir and the patriarch; Judah confessed that once, in a fit of youthful ardour, he had failed to treat Nathan with due reverence.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In both halakhic and aggadic tradition, Judah's opinion is often opposed to Nathan's. In the Jerusalemite tradition, Judah ben Korshai (the halakhic specialist mentioned as assistant to Simon ben Gamaliel<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>) is designated as Judah's real teacher.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Jacob ben Hanina (possibly the R. Jacob whose patronymic is not given and in whose name Judah quotes halakhic sentences)<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> is also mentioned as one of Judah's teachers, and is said to have asked him to repeat halakhic sentences.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Judah was also taught by his father (Simon ben Gamaliel);<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> when the two differed on a halakhic matter, the father was generally stricter.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Judah himself says: "My opinion seems to me more correct than that of my father"; and he then proceeds to give his reasons.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Humility was a virtue ascribed to Judah, and he admired it greatly in his father, who openly recognised Shimon bar Yochai's superiority, thus displaying the same modesty as the <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Bathyra" title="Bnei Bathyra">Bnei Bathyra</a> when they gave way to <a href="/wiki/Hillel_the_Elder" title="Hillel the Elder">Hillel</a>, and as <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(1_Samuel)" title="Jonathan (1 Samuel)">Jonathan</a> when he voluntarily gave precedence to his friend <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leadership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Nothing is known regarding the time when Judah succeeded his father as leader of the Jews remaining in <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Yisrael">Eretz Yisrael</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, Judah's father Simon had served as the <a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">nasi</a> or head of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> in Usha before it moved to Shefar'am (now <a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a>).<a href="#cite_note-BT-RoshHash-29">[29]</a> According to a tradition,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> the country at the time of Simon ben Gamaliel's death not only was devastated by a <a href="/wiki/Locust#Swarming_grasshoppers" title="Locust">plague of locusts</a> but suffered many other hardships. From Shefar'am, the Sanhedrin transferred to <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_(Roman-era_Jewish_village)" title="Beit She'arim (Roman-era Jewish village)">Beit Shearim</a> (now part of the <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_necropolis" title="Beit She'arim necropolis">Beit She'arim necropolis</a>), where the Sanhedrin was headed by Judah.<a href="#cite_note-BT-RoshHash-29">[29]</a> Here he officiated for a long time. Eventually, Judah moved with the court from Beit Shearim to <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> where he spent at least 17 years of his life. Judah chose Sepphoris chiefly because of his ill health would improve in its high altitude and pure air.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, Judah's memorial as a leader is principally associated with Bet She'arim: "The Sages taught: The verse states: “Justice, justice, shall you follow.” This teaches that one should follow the Sages to the academy where they are found. For example [...] after Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi to Beit She’arim[.]"<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Among Judah's contemporaries in the early years of his activity were <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Simeon" title="Eleazar ben Simeon">Eleazar ben Simeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Jose" title="Ishmael ben Jose">Ishmael ben Jose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jose_ben_Judah" title="Jose ben Judah">Jose ben Judah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_ben_Eleazar" title="Simeon ben Eleazar">Simeon ben Eleazar</a>. His better-known contemporaries and students include Simon b. Manasseh, <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_ben_Yair" title="Pinchas ben Yair">Pinchas ben Yair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ha-Kappar" title="Eleazar ha-Kappar">Eleazar ha-Kappar</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kappara" title="Bar Kappara">Bar Kappara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiyya_the_Great" title="Hiyya the Great">Hiyya the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_ben_Halafta" title="Shimon ben Halafta">Shimon ben Halafta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Levi_ben_Sisi" title="Levi ben Sisi">Levi ben Sisi</a>. Among his students who taught as the first generation of Amoraim after his death are: <a href="/wiki/Hanina_bar_Hama" title="Hanina bar Hama">Hanina bar Hama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoshaiah_Rabbah" title="Hoshaiah Rabbah">Hoshaiah Rabbah</a> in Eretz Yisrael,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abba_Arikha" title="Abba Arikha">Abba Arikha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Nehardea" title="Samuel of Nehardea">Samuel of Nehardea</a> in Babylon (the Jewish term for <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a>). Only scattered records of Judah's official activity exist. These include: the ordination of his students;<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> the recommendation of students for communal offices;<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> orders relating to the announcement of the new moon;<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> amelioration of the law relating to the Sabbatical year;<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and to decrees relating to tithes in the frontier districts of Eretz Yisrael.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-hullin6-40">[40]</a> The last-named he was obliged to defend against the opposition of the members of the patriarchal family.<a href="#cite_note-hullin6-40">[40]</a> The ameliorations he intended for <a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a> were prevented by the college.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Many religious and legal decisions are recorded as having been rendered by Judah together with his court, the college of scholars.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> According to the Talmud,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Rabbi Judah HaNasi was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome. He had a close friendship with "Antoninus", possibly the <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> though it is more likely his famous friendship was with either Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> Antoninus<a href="#cite_note-Codex_Judaica_Kantor_2006,_page_146-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> or Antoninus who is also called <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a> and who would consult Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Jewish sources tell of various discussions between Judah and Antoninus. These include the parable of the blind and the lame (illustrating the judgment of the body and the soul after death),<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> and a discussion of the impulse to sin.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The authority of Judah's office was enhanced by his wealth, which is referred to in various traditions. In Babylon, the hyperbolic statement was later made that even his stable-master was wealthier than <a href="/wiki/Shapur_(name)" title="Shapur (name)">King Shapur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> His household was compared to that of the emperor.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simeon_ben_Menasya" title="Simeon ben Menasya">Simeon ben Menasya</a> praised Judah by saying that he and his sons united in themselves beauty, power, wealth, wisdom, age, honour, and the blessings of children.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> During a famine, Judah opened his granaries and distributed corn among the needy.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> But he denied himself the pleasures procurable by wealth, saying: "Whoever chooses the delights of this world will be deprived of the delights of the next world; whoever renounces the former will receive the latter".<a href="#cite_note-Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan_28-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catacomb_no._14,_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/300px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/300px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/450px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg/600px-Catacomb_no._14%2C_The_Cave_of_Rabbi_Yehuda_HaNasi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Catacomb no. 14, the Cave of Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi in <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_(Roman-era_Jewish_village)" title="Beit She'arim (Roman-era Jewish village)">Beit Shearim</a>.</figcaption></figure> The year of Judah's death is deduced from the statement that his student <a href="/wiki/Abba_Arikha" title="Abba Arikha">Abba Arikha</a> left Eretz Yisrael for good not long before Judah's death, in year 530 of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a> (219 CE).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> He assumed the office of patriarch during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a> (c. 165). Hence Judah, having been born about 135, became patriarch at the age of 30, and died at the age of about 85. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> notes that Rabbi Judah the Prince lived for at least 17 years in <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>, and that he applied unto himself the biblical verse, "And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years" (Genesis 47:28).<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> According to a different calculation, he died on 15 <a href="/wiki/Kislev" title="Kislev">Kislev</a>, AM 3978 (around December 1, 217 CE),<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> in Sepphoris, and his body was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_necropolis" title="Beit She'arim necropolis">necropolis of Beit Shearim</a>, 15.2 kilometres (9.4 mi) distant from Sepphoris,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> during whose funeral procession they made eighteen stops at different stations along the route to eulogise him. It is said that when Judah died, no one had the heart to announce his demise to the anxious people of <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a>, until the clever Bar Ḳappara broke the news in a parable, saying: "The heavenly host and earth-born men held the tablets of the covenant; then the heavenly host was victorious and seized the tablets."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Judah's eminence as a scholar, who gave to this period its distinctive impression, was characterised at an early date by the saying that since the time of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, the Torah and greatness (i.e. knowledge and rank) were united in no one to the same extent as in Judah I.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Two of Judah's sons assumed positions of authority after his death: <a href="/wiki/Gamaliel_III" title="Gamaliel III">Gamaliel</a> succeeded him as nasi, while <a href="/wiki/Shimon_ben_Judah_HaNasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimon ben Judah HaNasi">Shimon</a> became <a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">hakham</a> of his yeshiva. According to some <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrashic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalistic</a> legends, Judah ha-Nasi had a son named Yaavetz who <a href="/wiki/Entering_heaven_alive" title="Entering heaven alive">ascended to Heaven without experiencing death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Talmudic_narratives">Talmudic narratives</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Talmudic narratives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Various stories are told about Judah, illustrating different aspects of his character. It is said that once he saw a calf being led to the slaughtering-block, which looked at him with tearful eyes, as if seeking protection. He said to it: "Go; for you were created for this purpose!" Due to this unkind attitude toward the suffering animal, he was punished with years of illness. Later, when his maid was about to kill some small animals which were in their house, he said to her: "Let them live, for it is written: '[God's] tender mercies are over all his works'."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> After this demonstration of compassion, his illness ceased.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Judah also once said, "One who is ignorant of the Torah should not eat meat."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The prayer he prescribed upon eating meat or eggs also indicates an appreciation of animal life: "Blessed be the Lord who has created many souls, in order to support by them the soul of every living being."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> He exclaimed, sobbing, in reference to three different stories of martyrs whose deaths made them worthy of future life: "One man earns his world in an hour, while another requires many years".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He began to weep when <a href="/wiki/Elisha_ben_Abuyah" title="Elisha ben Abuyah">Elisha ben Abuyah</a>'s daughters, who were soliciting alms, reminded him of their father's learning.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In a legend relating to his meeting with <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_ben_Yair" title="Pinchas ben Yair">Pinchas ben Yair</a>, he is described as tearfully admiring the pious Pinchas' unswerving steadfastness, protected by a higher power.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> He was frequently interrupted by tears when explaining <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a> 2:2 and illustrating the passage by stories of the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Temple.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> While explaining certain passages of Scripture,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> he was reminded of divine judgment and of the uncertainty of acquittal, and began to cry.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiyya_the_Great" title="Hiyya the Great">Hiyya</a> found him weeping during his last illness because death was about to deprive him of the opportunity of studying the Torah and of fulfilling the commandments.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Once, when at a meal his students expressed their preference for soft tongue, he made this an opportunity to say, "May your tongues be soft in your mutual intercourse" (i.e., "Speak gently without disputing").<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Before he died, Judah said: "I need my sons! ... Let the lamp continue to burn in its usual place; let the table be set in its usual place; let the bed be made in its usual place."<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="His_prayers">His prayers</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: His prayers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> While teaching Torah, Judah would often interrupt the lesson to recite the <a href="/wiki/Shema_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Shema Yisrael">Shema Yisrael</a>. He passed his hand over his eyes as he said it.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> When 70-year-old wine cured him of a protracted illness, he prayed: "Blessed be the Lord, who has given His world into the hands of guardians".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> He privately recited daily the following supplication on finishing the obligatory prayers: "May it be Thy will, my God and the God of my fathers, to protect me against the impudent and against impudence, from bad men and bad companions, from severe sentences and severe plaintiffs, whether a son of the covenant or not."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Talmudic_narratives">Post-Talmudic narratives</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-Talmudic narratives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Samuel_of_Regensburg" title="Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg">Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg</a> relates that the spirit of Rebbi Judah used to visit his home, wearing <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> clothes, every Friday evening at dusk. He would recite <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a>, and others would thereby discharge their obligation to hear Kiddush. One Friday night there was a knock at the door. "Sorry," said the maid, "I can't let you in just now because Rabbeinu HaKadosh is in the middle of Kiddush." From then on Judah stopped coming, since he did not want his coming to become public knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Teachings">Teachings</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Teachings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compilation_of_the_Mishnah">Compilation of the Mishnah</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Compilation of the Mishnah" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></div> According to <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinical Judaism">Rabbinical Jewish</a> tradition, God gave both the Written Law (the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">Oral Law</a> to Moses on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">biblical Mount Sinai</a>. The Oral Law is the oral tradition as relayed by God to Moses and from him, transmitted and taught to the sages (<a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbinic</a> leaders) of each subsequent generation. For centuries, the Torah appeared only as a written text transmitted in parallel with the oral tradition. Fearing that the oral traditions might be forgotten, Judah undertook the mission of consolidating the various opinions into one body of law which became known as the Mishnah. This completed a project which had been mostly clarified and organised by his father and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_the_Babylonian" title="Nathan the Babylonian">Nathan the Babylonian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Codex_Judaica_Kantor_2006,_page_146-45">[45]</a> The Mishnah consists of 63 tractates codifying Jewish law, which are the basis of the Talmud. According to <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">Abraham ben David</a>, the Mishnah was compiled by Rabbi Judah the Prince in 3949 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">AM</a>, or the year 500 of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a>, which corresponds to 189 CE.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The Mishnah contains many of Judah's own sentences, which are introduced by the words, "Rabbi says." The Mishnah was Judah's work, although it includes a few sentences by his son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Gamaliel_III" title="Gamaliel III">Gamaliel III</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> perhaps written after Judah's death. Both the Talmuds assume as a matter of course that Judah is the originator of the Mishnah—"our Mishnah," as it was called in Babylon—and the author of the explanations and discussions relating to its sentences. However, Judah is more correctly considered <a href="/wiki/Redaction" title="Redaction">redactor</a> of the Mishnah, rather than its author. The Mishnah is based on the systematic division of the halakhic material as formulated by <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a>; Judah following in his work the arrangement of the halakot as taught by <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Meir" title="Rabbi Meir">Rabbi Meir</a> (Akiva's foremost student).<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halacha">Halacha</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Halacha" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Using the precedent of <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Meir" title="Rabbi Meir">Rabbi Meir</a>'s reported actions, Judah ruled the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shean" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Shean">Beit Shean</a> region to be exempt from the requirements of <a href="/wiki/Tithes_in_Judaism" title="Tithes in Judaism">tithing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">shmita</a> regarding produce grown there.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> He also did the same for the cities of Kefar Tzemach, <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Beit Gubrin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> He forbade his students to study in the marketplace, basing his prohibition on his interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a> 7:2, and censured one of his students who violated this restriction.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biblical_interpretation">Biblical interpretation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biblical interpretation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> His exegesis includes many attempts to harmonise conflicting Biblical statements. Thus he harmonises the contradictions between Genesis 15:13 ("400 years") and 15:16 ("the fourth generation");<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Exodus 20:16 and Deuteronomy 5:18;<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Numbers 9:23, 10:35 and ib.,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Deuteronomy 14:13 and Leviticus 11:14.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The contradiction between Genesis 1:25 (which lists 3 categories of created beings) and 1:24 (which adds a fourth category, the "living souls") Judah explains by saying that this expression designates the demons, for whom God did not create bodies because the Sabbath had come.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Noteworthy among the other numerous Scriptural interpretations which have been handed down in Judah's name are his clever etymological explanations, for example: Exodus 19:8-9;<a href="#cite_note-Shabbat_87a-95">[95]</a> Leviticus 23:40;<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Numbers 15:38;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/II_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="II Samuel">II Samuel</a> 17:27;<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a> 1:17;<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Psalms 68:7.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> He interpreted the words "to do the evil" in <a href="/wiki/II_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="II Samuel">II Samuel</a> 12:9 to mean that <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> did not really sin with <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, but only intended to do so. As she was actually divorced at the time he took her. Abba Arikha, Judah's student, ascribes this apology for King David to Judah's desire to justify his ancestor.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> A sentence praising King Hezekiah<a href="#cite_note-hullin6-40">[40]</a> and an extenuating opinion of King Ahaz<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> have also been handed down in Judah's name. Characteristic of Judah's appreciation of aggadah is his interpretation of the word "vayagged" (Exodus 19:9) to the effect that the words of Moses attracted the hearts of his hearers, like the aggadah does.<a href="#cite_note-Shabbat_87a-95">[95]</a> Once when the audience was falling asleep in his lecture, he made a ludicrous statement in order to revive their interest, and then explained the statement to be accurate in a metaphorical sense.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Judah was especially fond of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Psalms">Book of Psalms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> He paraphrased the psalmist's wish "Let the words of my mouth ... be acceptable in thy sight,"<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> thus: "May the Psalms have been composed for the coming generations; may they be written down for them; and may those that read them be rewarded like those that study halakhic sentences".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> He said that the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a> was important if only because it presented the sin and punishment of the generations of the Flood.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> He proves from Exodus 16:35 that <a href="/wiki/There_is_no_chronological_order_in_the_Torah" title="There is no chronological order in the Torah">there is no chronological order in the Torah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Referring to the prophetic books, he says: "All the Prophets begin with denunciations and end with comfortings".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Even the genealogical portions of the Book of Chronicles must be interpreted.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> It appears that there was an aggadic collection containing Judah's answers to exegetical questions.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Among these questions may have been the one which Judah's son Simeon addressed to him.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_quotes">Other quotes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other quotes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>What is the right way for man to choose? That which is honorable in his own eyes (i.e. approved by his conscience), and, at the same time, honorable in the eyes of his fellow-men.<a href="#cite_note-pa21-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Be as careful with a light <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvah</a> as a serious one, for you do not know the reward given for mitzvot. Calculate the loss of a mitzvah against its gain, and the gain of a sin against its loss. Look at three things and you will not come to sin: Know what is above you, an eye seeing and an ear listening, and all your deeds are written in a book.<a href="#cite_note-pa21-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Look not at the jar, but upon what is inside; many a new jug is full of old wine; and many an old jug does not even contain new wine.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Much have I learned from my teachers; more from my colleagues; but most from my students.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Why is the story of the <a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> juxtaposed to the story of the suspected adulteress?<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In order to tell you that anyone who sees a suspected adulteress in her corrupted state, he should put himself under a vow never again to drink wine.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li>Let your secret be known only to yourself; and do not tell your neighbor anything which you perceive may not fitly be listened to.<a href="#cite_note-Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan_28-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Great is work, for whoever does not work, people speak about him: From what does that man eat? From what does he drink? ... Great is work, for whoever works, his hand is never missing a <a href="/wiki/Prutah" title="Prutah">prutah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Judah_ha-Nasi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSolomon_SchechterWilhelm_Bacher1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Schechter" title="Solomon Schechter">Solomon Schechter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bacher" title="Wilhelm Bacher">Wilhelm Bacher</a> (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8963-judah-i">"Judah I"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Singer, Isidore</a>; et al. (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Judah+I&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.au=Solomon+Schechter&rft.au=Wilhelm+Bacher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F8963-judah-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Mishna Chagiga 2:2 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Yevamot 45a; Menachot 32b; compare Abbahu's sentence, Yerushalmi Sanhedrin 30a </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pesachim 37b; Shabbat 156a; Frankel ("Darke ha-Mishnah," p. 191) considers this as a later gloss, but Jewish Encyclopedia disagrees </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Shabbat 118b; Yerushalmi Megillah 74a; Sanhedrin 29c </li> <li id="cite_note-Katz2000-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Katz2000_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMordechai_Katz2000" class="citation book cs1">Mordechai Katz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv5praBcT40C&pg=PA362">Understanding Judaism: a basic guide to Jewish faith, history, and practice</a>. Mesorah Publications. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57819-517-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-57819-517-9"><bdi>1-57819-517-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Judaism%3A+a+basic+guide+to+Jewish+faith%2C+history%2C+and+practice&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Mesorah+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-57819-517-9&rft.au=Mordechai+Katz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHv5praBcT40C%26pg%3DPA362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah1976" class="citation book cs1">Avi-Yonah, M. (1976). The Jews of Palestine. English translation. New York: Schocken. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8052-3580-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8052-3580-9"><bdi>0-8052-3580-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Palestine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Schocken&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-8052-3580-9&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbach1979" class="citation book cs1">Urbach, Ephraim E. (1979). The Sages. English translation. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 599. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-223-319-6" title="Special:BookSources/965-223-319-6"><bdi>965-223-319-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sages&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=599&rft.pub=Magnes+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=965-223-319-6&rft.aulast=Urbach&rft.aufirst=Ephraim+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 98:8; Shabbat 56a; Ketuvot 62b; see discussion in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/vayechi/zol.html">Shevet uMechokek MiBeit Yehudah</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Midrash <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 53; Midrash <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes_Rabbah" title="Ecclesiastes Rabbah">Ecclesiastes Rabbah</a> 1:10; Kiddushin 72b </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sotah_(Talmud)" title="Sotah (Talmud)">Sotah</a> 49b </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Sotah 49b </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Megillah 18a; Rosh Hashana 26b; Nazir 3a; Eruvin 53a </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Menachot 104a; Shevuot 13a </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Megillah 20a; Tosefta Megillah 2:8 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Yerushalmi Gittin 48b </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> "when we studied the Torah with Shimon bar Yochai at Tekoa'"; Tosefta Eruvin 8:6; Shabbat 147b; compare Yerushalmi Shabbat 12c </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> See Bacher, l.c. ii. 76 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Eruvin 53a; Yevamot 84a; compare Menachot 18a </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Eruvin.13b.5?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Eruvin 13b</a>; Yerushalmi Beitzah 63a, where an anachronistic anecdote is connected with this saying of Judah's </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Bava Batra 131a; in different version Yerushalmi Ketuvot 29a; Bava Batra 16a </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Horayot 13b </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Yerushalmi Shabbat 12c; Yerushalmi Pesachim 37b </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Gittin 14b; compare Tosefta Avodah Zarah 5:4 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sifre" title="Sifre">Sifre</a> Deuteronomy 306 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Bava Metziah 85b </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> See Frankel, l.c. p. 184 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Eruvin 32a </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Bava Metziah 84b, 85a </li> <li id="cite_note-BT-RoshHash-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BT-RoshHash_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BT-RoshHash_29-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashana_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Hashana (Talmud)">Rosh Hashana</a> 31b, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> s.v. ומיבנא לאושא </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Mishnah Soṭah, end </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiat2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Giat, Paltiel (2003). A Word in Stone: Zippori in the Sages Literature (Milah be-even: Zippori basifrut chazal) (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Israel Nature & National Parks Authority, and The Department for Torah Culture in the Ministry of Education. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58417078">58417078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Word+in+Stone%3A+Zippori+in+the+Sages+Literature+%28Milah+be-even%3A+Zippori+basifrut+chazal%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Israel+Nature+%26+National+Parks+Authority%2C+and+The+Department+for+Torah+Culture+in+the+Ministry+of+Education&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58417078&rft.aulast=Giat&rft.aufirst=Paltiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, Kilaim 32b; <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 96; Ketubot 103b </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.32b.10?lang=bi">"Sanhedrin 32b:10"</a>. www.sefaria.org. <q>ת"ר צדק צדק תרדף הלך אחר חכמים לישיבה אחר ר' אליעזר ללוד אחר רבן יוחנן בן זכאי לברור חיל אחר רבי יהושע לפקיעין אחר רבן גמליאל ליבנא אחר רבי עקיבא לבני ברק אחר רבי מתיא לרומי אחר רבי חנניא בן תרדיון לסיכני אחר ר' יוסי לציפורי אחר רבי יהודה בן בתירה לנציבין אחר רבי יהושע לגולה אחר רבי לבית שערים אחר חכמים ללשכת הגזית: The Sages taught: The verse states: "Justice, justice, shall you follow." This teaches that one should follow the Sages to the academy where they are found. For example, follow after Rabbi Eliezer to Lod, after Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai to Beror Ḥayil, after Rabbi Yehoshua to Peki'in, after Rabban Gamliel to Yavne, after Rabbi Akiva to Bnei Brak, after Rabbi Matya to Rome [Romi], after Rabbi Ḥananya ben Teradyon to Sikhnei, after Rabbi Yosei to Tzippori, after Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira to Netzivin, after Rabbi Yehoshua to the exile [gola], i.e., Babylonia, after Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi to Beit She'arim, and after the Sages in the time of the Temple to the Chamber of Hewn Stone.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Sanhedrin+32b%3A10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FSanhedrin.32b.10%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiat2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Giat, Paltiel (2003). A Word in Stone: Zippori in the Sages Literature (Milah be-even: Zippori basifrut chazal) (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Israel Nature & National Parks Authority, and The Department for Torah Culture in the Ministry of Education. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58417078">58417078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Word+in+Stone%3A+Zippori+in+the+Sages+Literature+%28Milah+be-even%3A+Zippori+basifrut+chazal%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Israel+Nature+%26+National+Parks+Authority%2C+and+The+Department+for+Torah+Culture+in+the+Ministry+of+Education&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58417078&rft.aulast=Giat&rft.aufirst=Paltiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Sanhedrin 5a,b </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Yevamot 105a; Yerushalmi Yevamot 13a </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Yerushalmi Rosh Hashana 58a, above </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Shevuot 6:4; Yerushalmi Shevuot 37a; compare Hullin 7a,b </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Yerushalmi Demai 22c </li> <li id="cite_note-hullin6-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hullin6_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hullin6_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hullin6_40-2">c</a> Hullin 6b </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Megillah 5b; Yerushalmi Megillah 70c </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Gittin 5:6; Ohalot 18:9; Tosefta Shabbat 4:16; see also Yevamot 79b, above; Kiddushin 71a </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Babylonian Talmud (Avodah Zarah 10a-b) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> A. Mischcon, Avodah Zara, p.10a Soncino, 1988. Mischcon cites various sources, "SJ Rappaport... is of the opinion that our Antoninus is Antoninus Pius." Other opinions cited suggest "Antoninus" was <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Severus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Severus">Alexander Severus</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Codex_Judaica_Kantor_2006,_page_146-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Codex_Judaica_Kantor_2006,_page_146_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Codex_Judaica_Kantor_2006,_page_146_45-1">b</a> 'Codex Judaica' Kantor, second edition, NY 2006, page 146 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Judah_Loeb_Rapoport" title="Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport">Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport</a>, Erekh Millin, Warsaw 1914, p. 219 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Modern scholarship has difficulty fitting these accounts into the historical framework of the period of the Antonines, especially since Rabbi Judah the Prince thrived mainly at the end of the second century CE. <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a>, in his treatise <a href="/wiki/On_Weights_and_Measures" title="On Weights and Measures">On Weights and Measures</a>, mentions a fifth line of Caesar after Antoninus Pius, one named Antoninus who is also called <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, who was also contemporary with Judah the Prince, and whom the historian <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Graetz" title="Heinrich Graetz">Heinrich Graetz</a> believes may refer to the Roman Emperor who befriended Rabbi Judah the Prince. Antoninus the son of Severus (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אנטונינוס בן אסוירוס) is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, <a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avodah Zarah (tractate)">Avodah Zarah</a> 10b and in the <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_of_Rabbi_Akiva" title="Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva">Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva</a> (MS. version aleph). </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Megillah_(Talmud)" title="Megillah (Talmud)">Megillah</a> 3:2) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Mekhilta Beshallah Shirah 2; Sanhedrin 91a,b; see a similar parable by him in <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes_Rabbah" title="Ecclesiastes Rabbah">Ecclesiastes Rabbah</a> 5:10 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Genesis Rabbah 34; Sanhedrin 91b </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.85a.4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Bava Metzia 85a:4"</a>. www.sefaria.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Bava+Metzia+85a%3A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBava_Metzia.85a.4%3Flang%3Dbi%26with%3Dall%26lang2%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Berakhot.43a.15?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Berachot 43a</a>, 57b </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Tosefta_Sanhedrin.11.4?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Tosefta Sanhedrin 11:4</a>; Baraita Ab. 6:8 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Bava Batra 8a </li> <li id="cite_note-Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan_28-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan_28_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan_28_55-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan" class="mw-redirect" title="Avot of Rabbi Natan">Avot of Rabbi Natan</a> 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> See "R. E. J." 44:45-61 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, Kelaim 9:3, 32a-b. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldin1970" class="citation book cs1">Goldin, Judah (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewstheirhistory00fink/page/172">"The Period of the Talmud"</a>. In Finkelstein, L. (ed.). The Jews: Their History. New York: Schocken. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewstheirhistory00fink/page/172">172</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8052-0271-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8052-0271-4"><bdi>0-8052-0271-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Period+of+the+Talmud&rft.btitle=The+Jews%3A+Their+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Schocken&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8052-0271-4&rft.aulast=Goldin&rft.aufirst=Judah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewstheirhistory00fink%2Fpage%2F172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolisMarx1980" class="citation book cs1">Margolis, L.; Marx, A. (1980). A History of the Jewish People. New York: Atheneum. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-689-70134-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-689-70134-9"><bdi>0-689-70134-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-689-70134-9&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Marx%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> <a href="/wiki/Kettubot" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettubot">Kettubot</a> 103a-b; <a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">Bava Metzia</a> 85a; <a href="/wiki/Pesachim" title="Pesachim">Pesachim</a> 49b; <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, Kelaim 9:3, 32a-b. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Yerushalmi Kilayim 32b; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Ketubot.104a.2?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Ketuvot 104a</a>; Yerushalmi Ketuvot 35a; Ecclesiastes Rabbah 7:11, 9:10 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Gittin 59a; Sanhedrin 36a </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> אוצר המדרשים, עשר גלויות פרשה ב </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> דרך ארץ זוטא א יח </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Reshit_Chokhmah%2C_Chupat_Eliyahu_Rabbah%2C_Gate_of_Three.18">"Reshit Chokhmah"</a>. sefaria.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Reshit+Chokhmah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FReshit_Chokhmah%252C_Chupat_Eliyahu_Rabbah%252C_Gate_of_Three.18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudah+ha-Nasi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Psalms 145:9 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Bava_Metzia.85a.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Bava Metzia 85a</a>; <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Pesachim 49b </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Yerushalmi Berachot 10b </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Avodah Zarah 10b, 17a, 18a; for a sentence by Judah on the ranking of the pious in the future world see Sifre, Deut. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Yerushalmi Hagigah 77c; compare Hagigah 15b </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Hullin 7b </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Lamentations_Rabbah" title="Lamentations Rabbah">Lamentations Rabbah</a> 2:2; compare Yerushalmi Ta'anit 68d </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> I Samuel 28:15; Amos 4:13, 5:15; Zephaniah 2:3; Lamentations 3:29; Ecclesiastes 12:14 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Yerushalmi Hagigah 77a; Leviticus Rabbah 26; Midrash Shmuel 24 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Ketuvot 103b </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a> 33, beginning </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Ketubot 103a </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Berachot 13b </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Avodah Zarah 40b </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Berachot 6b; compare Shabbat 30b </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Hasidim" title="Sefer Hasidim">Sefer Hasidim</a> §1129 (Cf. <a href="/wiki/Nashim" title="Nashim">Ketubot</a> 103a) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Abraham ben David, Seder Ha-Kabbalah Leharavad, Jerusalem 1971, p.16 (Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Graetz" title="Heinrich Graetz">Heinrich Graetz</a>, History of the Jews, vol. 6, Philadelphia 1898, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015021930634;view=1up;seq=131">105</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avot" title="Pirkei Avot">Pirkei Avot</a> 2:2-4 </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Sanhedrin 86a </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Chullin.6b.5-6?lang=bi">Hullin 6b</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> Demai 2:1. The region of Beit Shean was typically seen as not settled by Jews returning from the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>, and therefore had not the same consecrated status as other areas of the country. As for Rabbi Judah HaNasi's enactment, the release from shmita obligations and the release from tithing all home-grown produce throughout the remaining six years of the seven-year cycle were one and the same (cf. Maimonides, <a href="/wiki/Mishne_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishne Torah">Mishne Torah</a> (Hilchot Terumoth 1:5); Jerusalem Talmud Shevi'it 6:4; p. 51a in the Oz veHadar edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> Demai 2:1 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Moed Kattan 16a, b </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Mekhilta" title="Mekhilta">Mekhilta</a> Bo 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Mekhilta Yitro, Bahodesh, 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Sifre Numbers 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Hullin 63b </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Genesis Rabbah 7, end </li> <li id="cite_note-Shabbat_87a-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shabbat_87a_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shabbat_87a_95-1">b</a> Shabbat 87a </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Sukkah 35a </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sifre" title="Sifre">Sifre</a> Numbers 115 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tehillim" title="Midrash Tehillim">Midrash Tehillim</a> to Psalms 3:1 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Yerushalmi Peah 20b </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Mekhilta Bo 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Shabbat 56a </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Leviticus Rabbah 36 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Shir_HaShirim_Rabbah.1.15.3?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Shir Hashirim Rabbah 1:15</a>; compare Mekhilta Beshallach Shirah 9 </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> See Avodah Zarah 19a; <a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tehillim" title="Midrash Tehillim">Midrash Tehillim</a> to Psalms 3:1 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Psalms 19:14 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1:1 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a> 26, end </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sifre" title="Sifre">Sifre</a> Numbers 64 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4:8 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rabbah" title="Ruth Rabbah">Ruth Rabbah</a> 2, beginning </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pesikta_Rabbati" title="Pesikta Rabbati">Pesikta Rabbati</a> 46 (ed. Friedmann, p. 187a) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> According to Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 117:1 </li> <li id="cite_note-pa21-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pa21_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pa21_113-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Pirkei_Avot.2.1?lang=bi">Pirkei Avot 2:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Pirkei_Avot.4.20?lang=bi">Pirkei Avot 4:20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Makkot.10a.21?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Makkot 10a</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tanhuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanhuma">Tanhuma</a> Ta'an. 7a </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Numbers 6:1–ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Numbers 5:11–ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org.il/Berakhot.63a.17?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Berakhot 63a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Avot_of_Rabbi_Natan" class="mw-redirect" title="Avot of Rabbi Natan">Avot of Rabbi Natan</a> (B) 21 </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shimon_ben_Gamliel_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimon ben Gamliel II">Shimon ben Gamliel II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">Nasi</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 165–220 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel_III" title="Gamaliel III">Gamaliel III</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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– Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehud%C3%A0_ha-Nass%C3%AD" title="Yehudà ha-Nassí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Yehudà ha-Nassí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda_haNasi" title="Yehuda haNasi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yehuda haNasi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuda_ha-Nasi" title="Jehuda ha-Nasi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuda_ha-Nasi" title="Jehuda ha-Nasi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehudah_Hanas%C3%AD" title="Yehudah Hanasí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yehudah Hanasí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_ha-Nasi" title="Judah ha-Nasi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judah ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="یهودا هناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یهودا هناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_Hanassi" title="Juda Hanassi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juda Hanassi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehudah_Ha_Nasi" title="Yehudah Ha Nasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yehudah Ha Nasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuda_il_Principe" title="Giuda il Principe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giuda il Principe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90" title="רבי יהודה הנשיא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רבי יהודה הנשיא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iehuda_ha-Nasi" title="Iehuda ha-Nasi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J%C3%BAda" title="I. Júda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Júda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89" title="يهودا الناسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يهودا الناسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehoeda_Hanassi" title="Jehoeda Hanassi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jehoeda Hanassi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC" title="イェフーダー・ハン＝ナーシー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イェフーダー・ハン＝ナーシー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda_ha-Nasi" title="Juda ha-Nasi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Juda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%A1,_o_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Judá, o Príncipe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judá, o Príncipe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Иехуда ха-Наси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иехуда ха-Наси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuda_ha-Nasi" title="Jehuda ha-Nasi – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuda_ha-Nasi" title="Jehuda ha-Nasi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jehuda ha-Nasi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi_Yehuda_HaNasi" title="Rabi Yehuda HaNasi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rabi Yehuda HaNasi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96" title="Юда га-Насі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юда га-Насі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90" title="רבי יהודה הנשיא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רבי יהודה הנשיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88-%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" title="犹大·哈-纳西 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="犹大·哈-纳西" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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