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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":2315070,"created_at":"2012-12-20T09:53:49.679-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-29T03:09:46.307-08:00","_data":{"issue":"5","abstract":"This article attempts to fill a gap in modern Old Norse scholarship by presenting overviews of two highly mysterious figures, the apparent goddess Njörun and the unnamed wife and sister of the major god Njörðr. In doing so, this article thematically connects with previous discussion of the Vanir found in earlier issues of RMN Newsletter.","more_info":"Published in RMN Newsletter 5, 2012:39-44. University of Helsinki.","ai_title_tag":"Exploring Njörun and Njörðr's Sister-Wife in Norse Mythology","page_numbers":"39-44","publication_date":"2012,,","publication_name":"RMN Newsletter"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":2,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2228650]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":30361180,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30361180/mini_magick20180819-26845-1la0qfo.png?1534676704" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2228650" href="https://uga.academia.edu/JosephSHopkins"><img alt="Profile image of Joseph S . Hopkins" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2228650/712156/40336597/s65_joseph.hopkins.jpeg" />Joseph S . Hopkins</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012, RMN Newsletter</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 2315070; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=2315070"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This article attempts to fill a gap in modern Old Norse scholarship by presenting overviews of two highly mysterious figures, the apparent goddess Njörun and the unnamed wife and sister of the major god Njörðr. In doing so, this article thematically connects with previous discussion of the Vanir found in earlier issues of RMN Newsletter.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":30361180,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/2315070/Goddesses_Unknown_I_Nj%C7%ABrun_and_the_Sister_Wife_of_Nj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":30361180,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/2315070/Goddesses_Unknown_I_Nj%C7%ABrun_and_the_Sister_Wife_of_Nj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Hopkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">RMN Newsletter, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The goddess Ilmr, attested only in Icelandic sources, has been almost completely neglected by scholarship. This article offers a comprehensive review of the evidence and discusses the possible interpretations. It proposes that ecological conditions in Iceland could be a factor in why this name seems to become increasingly obscure following the settlement period.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Goddesses Unknown II: On the Apparent Old Norse Goddess Ilmr","attachmentId":34268945,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7751777/Goddesses_Unknown_II_On_the_Apparent_Old_Norse_Goddess_Ilmr","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7751777/Goddesses_Unknown_II_On_the_Apparent_Old_Norse_Goddess_Ilmr"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="91289759" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91289759/THE_MYTHOLOGY_AND_CULT_OF_FREYJA_AND_HER_IMPORTANCE_TO_VIKING_AGE_WOMEN_LA_MITOLOG%C3%8DA_Y_EL_CULTO_DE_FREYJA_Y_SU_IMPORTANCIA_PARA_LAS_MUJERES_DE_LA_EDAD_VIKINGA">THE MYTHOLOGY AND CULT OF FREYJA AND HER IMPORTANCE TO VIKING AGE WOMEN LA MITOLOGÍA Y EL CULTO DE FREYJA Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LAS MUJERES DE LA EDAD VIKINGA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15160855" href="https://uhi.academia.edu/JulietteFriedlander">Juliette Friedlander</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scandia, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Freyja, one of the most popular goddesses of the Norse pantheon among Viking age women. Here we investigate how she is the only goddess to have her own poem in the Poetic Edda, and possibly the only god or goddess to have any reference to receiving cult in the poems. We compare her mythological role within the poems, with her role as Vanadís within the disir, and how that relates to the private, household, and women's sphere of worship. We investigate the cult of Freyja through the material world finds, and her strong connections to seiðr. We investigate the practice of seiðr and Freyja. Finally, we look at archaeology of women's finds to uncover whether there are any connections with the worship of Freyja.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE MYTHOLOGY AND CULT OF FREYJA AND HER IMPORTANCE TO VIKING AGE WOMEN LA MITOLOGÍA Y EL CULTO DE FREYJA Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LAS MUJERES DE LA EDAD VIKINGA","attachmentId":94618288,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91289759/THE_MYTHOLOGY_AND_CULT_OF_FREYJA_AND_HER_IMPORTANCE_TO_VIKING_AGE_WOMEN_LA_MITOLOG%C3%8DA_Y_EL_CULTO_DE_FREYJA_Y_SU_IMPORTANCIA_PARA_LAS_MUJERES_DE_LA_EDAD_VIKINGA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91289759/THE_MYTHOLOGY_AND_CULT_OF_FREYJA_AND_HER_IMPORTANCE_TO_VIKING_AGE_WOMEN_LA_MITOLOG%C3%8DA_Y_EL_CULTO_DE_FREYJA_Y_SU_IMPORTANCIA_PARA_LAS_MUJERES_DE_LA_EDAD_VIKINGA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="35370883" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35370883/Goddesses_Unknown_III_On_the_Identity_of_the_Old_Norse_Goddess_Hl%C3%ADn">Goddesses Unknown III: On the Identity of the Old Norse Goddess Hlín</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2228650" href="https://uga.academia.edu/JosephSHopkins">Joseph S . Hopkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">RMN Newsletter, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Like previous entries in the Goddesses Unknown series, the present article focuses on heretofore little-studied goddesses in the Germanic corpus, in this case the obscure Old Norse goddess Hlín and her association with the widely attested Germanic goddess Frigg.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Goddesses Unknown III: On the Identity of the Old Norse Goddess Hlín","attachmentId":55230989,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35370883/Goddesses_Unknown_III_On_the_Identity_of_the_Old_Norse_Goddess_Hl%C3%ADn","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35370883/Goddesses_Unknown_III_On_the_Identity_of_the_Old_Norse_Goddess_Hl%C3%ADn"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41536913" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41536913/Odins_Wife_Mother_Earth_in_Germanic_Mythology">Odin's Wife: Mother Earth in Germanic Mythology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58999386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WReaves">William Reaves</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Odin's Wife: Mother Earth in Germanic Mythology","attachmentId":61696907,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41536913/Odins_Wife_Mother_Earth_in_Germanic_Mythology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41536913/Odins_Wife_Mother_Earth_in_Germanic_Mythology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="5688874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5688874/The_Image_of_Sei%C3%B0r_in_Old_Icelandic_Literature_An_Essay_by_Lyonel_D_Perabo">The Image of Seiðr in Old Icelandic Literature: An Essay by Lyonel D. Perabo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6617623" href="https://sorbonne-fr.academia.edu/LyonelPerabo">Lyonel Perabo</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Image of Seiðr in Old Icelandic Literature: An Essay by Lyonel D. Perabo","attachmentId":32738600,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5688874/The_Image_of_Sei%C3%B0r_in_Old_Icelandic_Literature_An_Essay_by_Lyonel_D_Perabo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5688874/The_Image_of_Sei%C3%B0r_in_Old_Icelandic_Literature_An_Essay_by_Lyonel_D_Perabo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="8992612" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8992612/_What_Frigg_Knew_The_Goddess_as_Prophetess_in_Old_Norse_Mythology_in_Dee_profetesse_regine_e_altre_figure_femminili_nel_Medioevo_germanico_ed_Maria_Elena_Ruggerini_e_Veronika_Sz%C3%B6ke_Cagliari_CUEC_2015_pp_67_88">‘What Frigg Knew: The Goddess as Prophetess in Old Norse Mythology’, in Dee, profetesse, regine e altre figure femminili nel Medioevo germanico, ed. Maria Elena Ruggerini e Veronika Szöke (Cagliari: CUEC, 2015), pp. 67-88.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4779663" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/JudyQuinn">Judy Quinn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">‘What Frigg Knew: The Goddess as Prophetess in Old Norse Mythology’, in Dee, profetesse, regine e altre figure femminili nel Medioevo germanico, Atti del XL Convegno dell’Associazione Italiana di Filologia Germanica, ed. Maria Elena Ruggerini e Veronka Szőke (Cagliari: CUEC, 2015), pp. 67-88</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cambridge University 3 Quotations of eddic verse are from Hans Kuhn's revision of Gustav Neckel's edition (NECKEL -KUHN 1962 4 ), but with normalised orthography. Translations, while my own, are informed by the translations of the poems by Carolyne Larrington (1997). 4 I quote here the manuscript text (Gl. kg. sml. 2365, 4 o ) and not the unnecessarily emended text of the Neckel -Kuhn edition; see further QUINN 2001: 82-83. 5 For a survey of the sources on norns, see BEK-PEDERSEN 2011.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘What Frigg Knew: The Goddess as Prophetess in Old Norse Mythology’, in Dee, profetesse, regine e altre figure femminili nel Medioevo germanico, ed. Maria Elena Ruggerini e Veronika Szöke (Cagliari: CUEC, 2015), pp. 67-88.","attachmentId":35305804,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8992612/_What_Frigg_Knew_The_Goddess_as_Prophetess_in_Old_Norse_Mythology_in_Dee_profetesse_regine_e_altre_figure_femminili_nel_Medioevo_germanico_ed_Maria_Elena_Ruggerini_e_Veronika_Sz%C3%B6ke_Cagliari_CUEC_2015_pp_67_88","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8992612/_What_Frigg_Knew_The_Goddess_as_Prophetess_in_Old_Norse_Mythology_in_Dee_profetesse_regine_e_altre_figure_femminili_nel_Medioevo_germanico_ed_Maria_Elena_Ruggerini_e_Veronika_Sz%C3%B6ke_Cagliari_CUEC_2015_pp_67_88"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="9715739" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9715739/The_Cult_of_Freyr_and_Freyja">The Cult of Freyr and Freyja</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21935522" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamReaves">William Reaves</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An examination of the worship of the Old Norse gods, Freyr and Freyja, in the wider context of ancient Germanic culture.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Cult of Freyr and Freyja","attachmentId":35903291,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9715739/The_Cult_of_Freyr_and_Freyja","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9715739/The_Cult_of_Freyr_and_Freyja"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="30933813" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30933813/Emma_Arrieudarr%C3%A9_Feminine_figures_related_to_destiny_in_Old_Norse_mythology_their_many_faces_and_how_they_rule_heroes_fate_in_V%C3%B6lsunga_Saga">Emma Arrieudarré Feminine figures related to destiny in Old Norse mythology: their many faces and how they rule heroes' fate in Völsunga Saga</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35917778" href="https://hi.academia.edu/EmmaArrieudarr%C3%A9">Emma Arrieudarré</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emma Arrieudarré Feminine figures related to destiny in Old Norse mythology: their many faces and how they rule heroes' fate in Völsunga Saga","attachmentId":51361799,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30933813/Emma_Arrieudarr%C3%A9_Feminine_figures_related_to_destiny_in_Old_Norse_mythology_their_many_faces_and_how_they_rule_heroes_fate_in_V%C3%B6lsunga_Saga","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30933813/Emma_Arrieudarr%C3%A9_Feminine_figures_related_to_destiny_in_Old_Norse_mythology_their_many_faces_and_how_they_rule_heroes_fate_in_V%C3%B6lsunga_Saga"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="15301723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15301723/Ska%C3%B0i_and_Freyja_Females_of_Power_amongst_the_Aesir">Skaði and Freyja: Females of Power amongst the Aesir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5042284" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KurtHohmann">Kurt Hohmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While masculine archetypes like the brave warrior or the wise leader were retained in polytheistic Norse lore even after Christianization, feminine archetypes in similar veins did not fit into the new model of society and therefore needed to be downplayed. This paper explores two notable exceptions to this marginalization of female characters in this body of work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Skaði and Freyja: Females of Power amongst the Aesir","attachmentId":38624189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15301723/Ska%C3%B0i_and_Freyja_Females_of_Power_amongst_the_Aesir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15301723/Ska%C3%B0i_and_Freyja_Females_of_Power_amongst_the_Aesir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="45598530" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45598530/The_%C3%86sir_An_Obituary">The Æsir: An Obituary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4502198" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog">Mr Frog</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In Res, artes et religio: Essays in Honour of Rudolf Simek. Ed. Sabine Heidi Walther, Regina Jucknies, Judith Meurer-Bongardt & Jens Eike Schnall, in collaboration with Brigitta Jaroschek & Sarah Onkels. Leeds: Kismet Press. Pp. 141–175. , 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper is a contribution to the Vanir Debate that shows the 'Æsir' as a race of gods to be a modern construct and that the Old Norse word áss, æsir, was a poetic and elevated word for 'god, gods'. The study also points out that use of the word vanir in mentions of the cosmogonic war is not contrasted with æsir but with goð 'gods', which provides further evidence that the modern concept of 'Vanir' as a race of gods and thus subcategory of goð is incorrect. The long-held view of two races of Scandinavian gods called the 'Æsir' and the 'Vanir' is not an accurate representation of the religion. Rejecting current usage of these terms does not, however, require rejecting the view that Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja form a distinct group among the Old Norse gods, only that they were not collectively referred to as 'vanir' while other gods were referred to as 'æsir'. A better term for collectively referring to these gods would be masculine singular Njǫrðungr, neuter pl. Njǫrðung (i.e. including Freyja), masculine plural Njǫrðungar (i.e. not including Freyja).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Æsir: An Obituary","attachmentId":66081296,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45598530/The_%C3%86sir_An_Obituary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45598530/The_%C3%86sir_An_Obituary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30361180,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30361180,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_30361180" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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