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diversion</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: clean water diversion"> <meta name="keywords" content="clean water diversion"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="clean water diversion"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9161</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: clean water diversion</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9161</span> Study on Practice of Improving Water Quality in Urban Rivers by Diverting Clean Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjie%20Li">Manjie Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangju%20Cheng"> Xiangju Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongcan%20Chen"> Yongcan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, water environmental deterioration is widespread in majority of urban rivers, which seriously affects city image and life satisfaction of residents. As an emergency measure to improve water quality, clean water diversion is introduced for water environmental management. Lubao River and Southwest River, two urban rivers in typical plain tidal river network, are identified as technically and economically feasible for the application of clean water diversion. One-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality model is developed to simulate temporal and spatial variations of water level and water quality, with satisfactory accuracy. The mathematical model after calibration is applied to investigate hydrodynamic and water quality variations in rivers as well as determine the optimum operation scheme of water diversion. Assessment system is developed for evaluation of positive and negative effects of water diversion, demonstrating the effectiveness of clean water diversion and the necessity of pollution reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20system" title="assessment system">assessment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion" title=" clean water diversion"> clean water diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic-water%20quality%20model" title=" hydrodynamic-water quality model"> hydrodynamic-water quality model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20river%20network" title=" tidal river network"> tidal river network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20rivers" title=" urban rivers"> urban rivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20environment%20improvement" title=" water environment improvement"> water environment improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90577/study-on-practice-of-improving-water-quality-in-urban-rivers-by-diverting-clean-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9160</span> Quantitative Analysis of Three Sustainability Pillars for Water Tradeoff Projects in Amazon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Anjamrooz">Taha Anjamrooz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sareh%20Rajabi"> Sareh Rajabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Mahmmud"> Hasan Mahmmud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghassan%20Abulebdeh"> Ghassan Abulebdeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water availability, as well as water demand, are not uniformly distributed in time and space. Numerous extra-large water diversion projects are launched in Amazon to alleviate water scarcities. This research utilizes statistical analysis to examine the temporal and spatial features of 40 extra-large water diversion projects in Amazon. Using a network analysis method, the correlation between seven major basins is measured, while the impact analysis method is employed to explore the associated economic, environmental, and social impacts. The study unearths that the development of water diversion in Amazon has witnessed four stages, from a preliminary or initial period to a phase of rapid development. It is observed that the length of water diversion channels and the quantity of water transferred have amplified significantly in the past five decades. As of 2015, in Amazon, more than 75 billion m³ of water was transferred amidst 12,000 km long channels. These projects extend over half of the Amazon Area. The River Basin E is currently the most significant source of transferred water. Through inter-basin water diversions, Amazon gains the opportunity to enhance the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 5%. Nevertheless, the construction costs exceed 70 billion US dollars, which is higher than any other country. The average cost of transferred water per unit has amplified with time and scale but reduced from western to eastern Amazon. Additionally, annual total energy consumption for pumping exceeded 40 billion kilowatt-hours, while the associated greenhouse gas emissions are assessed to be 35 million tons. Noteworthy to comprehend that ecological problems initiated by water diversion influence the River Basin B and River Basin D. Due to water diversion, more than 350 thousand individuals have been relocated, away from their homes. In order to enhance water diversion sustainability, four categories of innovative measures are provided for decision-makers: development of water tradeoff projects strategies, improvement of integrated water resource management, the formation of water-saving inducements, and pricing approach, and application of ex-post assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20trade-off%20projects" title=" water trade-off projects"> water trade-off projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amazon" title=" Amazon"> Amazon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128177/quantitative-analysis-of-three-sustainability-pillars-for-water-tradeoff-projects-in-amazon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9159</span> Detaching the ‘Criminal Justice Conveyor Belt’: Diversion as a Responsive Mechanism for Children in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Kinyanjui">Sarah Kinyanjui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaaz%20Mohamed"> Mahnaaz Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The child justice system in Kenya is organically departing from a managerial and retributive model to one that espouses restorative justice. Notably, the Children Act 2001, and the most recent, Children Act 2022, signalled an aspiration to facilitate meaningful interventions as opposed to ‘processing’ children through the justice system. In this vein, the Children Act 2022 formally recognises diversion and provides modalities for its implementation. This paper interrogates the diversion promise and reflects on the implementation of diversion as envisaged by the 2022 Act. Using restorative justice, labelling and differential association theories as well as the value of care lenses, the paper discusses diversion as a meaningful response to child offending. It further argues that while diversion presents a strong platform for the realisation of the restorative and rehabilitative ideals, in the absence of a well-planned, coordinated, and resourced framework, diversion may remain a mere alternative ‘conveyor belt’. Strategic multi-agency planning, capacity building and cooperation are highlighted as essential minimums for the realisation of the goals of diversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion%20for%20child%20offenders" title="diversion for child offenders">diversion for child offenders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restorative%20justice" title=" restorative justice"> restorative justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsive%20criminal%20justice%20system" title=" responsive criminal justice system"> responsive criminal justice system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20act%202022%20kenya" title=" children act 2022 kenya"> children act 2022 kenya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181954/detaching-the-criminal-justice-conveyor-belt-diversion-as-a-responsive-mechanism-for-children-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9158</span> Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Relation to Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water in Liberia: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of Ensuring Clean Water and Sanitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Emery%20David%20Jr.">Victor Emery David Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Wenchao"> Jiang Wenchao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Mmereki"> Daniel Mmereki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasinta%20John"> Yasinta John</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fundamentals of public health are access to safe and clean drinking water. The presence of arsenic and other contaminants in drinking water leads to the potential risk to public health and the environment particularly in most developing countries where there’s inadequate access to safe and clean water and adequate sanitation. Liberia has taken steps to improve its drinking water status so as to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of ensuring clean water and effective sanitation but there is still a lot to be done. The Sustainable Development Goals are a United Nation initiative also known as transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. It contains seventeen goals with 169 targets to be met by respective countries. Liberia is situated within in the gold belt region where there exist the presence of arsenic and other contaminants in the underground water due to mining and other related activities. While there are limited or no epidemiological studies conducted in Liberia to confirm illness or death as a result of arsenic contamination in Liberia, it remains a public health concern. This paper assesses the drinking water quality, the presence of arsenic in groundwater/drinking water in Liberia, and proposes strategies for mitigating contaminants in drinking water and suggests options for improvement with regards to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring clean water and effective sanitation in Liberia by 2030. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20plan" title=" action plan"> action plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminants" title=" contaminants"> contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals%20%28SDGs%29" title=" sustainable development goals (SDGs)"> sustainable development goals (SDGs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monrovia" title=" Monrovia"> Monrovia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liberia" title=" Liberia"> Liberia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78450/assessment-of-drinking-water-quality-in-relation-to-arsenic-contamination-in-drinking-water-in-liberia-achieving-the-sustainable-development-goal-of-ensuring-clean-water-and-sanitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9157</span> IOT Based Automated Production and Control System for Clean Water Filtration Through Solar Energy Operated by Submersible Water Pump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musse%20Mohamud%20Ahmed">Musse Mohamud Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Linda%20Achilles"> Tina Linda Achilles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Kamrul%20Hasan"> Mohammad Kamrul Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deterioration of the mother nature is evident these day with clear danger of human catastrophe emanating from greenhouses (GHG) with increasing CO2 emissions to the environment. PV technology can help to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel, decreasing air pollution and slowing down the rate of global warming. The objective of this paper is to propose, develop and design the production of clean water supply to rural communities using an appropriate technology such as Internet of Things (IOT) that does not create any CO2 emissions. Additionally, maximization of solar energy power output and reciprocally minimizing the natural characteristics of solar sources intermittences during less presence of the sun itself is another goal to achieve in this work. The paper presents the development of critical automated control system for solar energy power output optimization using several new techniques. water pumping system is developed to supply clean water with the application of IOT-renewable energy. This system is effective to provide clean water supply to remote and off-grid areas using Photovoltaics (PV) technology that collects energy generated from the sunlight. The focus of this work is to design and develop a submersible solar water pumping system that applies an IOT implementation. Thus, this system has been executed and programmed using Arduino Software (IDE), proteus, Maltab and C++ programming language. The mechanism of this system is that it pumps water from water reservoir that is powered up by solar energy and clean water production was also incorporated using filtration system through the submersible solar water pumping system. The filtering system is an additional application platform which is intended to provide a clean water supply to any households in Sarawak State, Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOT" title="IOT">IOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20production%20and%20control%20system" title=" automated production and control system"> automated production and control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20filtration" title=" water filtration"> water filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20submersible%20water%20pump" title=" automated submersible water pump"> automated submersible water pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162425/iot-based-automated-production-and-control-system-for-clean-water-filtration-through-solar-energy-operated-by-submersible-water-pump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9156</span> Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System: A Review on the Mental Health Diversion Programs and Their Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lianyan%20Zhou">Lianyan Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, a person experiencing a mental health crisis is more likely to encounter law enforcement than crisis intervention or treatment. People with mental illness are overrepresented in incarceration, often resulting in exacerbation of the symptoms and increasing the likelihood of recidivism and rearrest. To address the issue of the large number of people with mental illness cycling through the criminal justice system, mental health courts and diversion programs were established. Mental health diversion programs are considered as more appropriate options for offenders whose mental illness is significantly contributing to their criminal offenses. However, these programs are controversial, with criticism that offenders may view the programs as the only to get treatment or to avoid jail time. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of mental health diversion programs. More specifically, it examines how these programs may reduce recidivism compared to incarceration. Materials presented in this review were selected from forensic and general psychology journals. Additional policy documents, government reports, and court records are also included for discussion. The results suggest that mental health diversion programs are overall more successful in intervening compared to incarcerations. The recidivism rates for program participants are lower. However, individual factors do contribute to the outcome of the programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion%20programs" title="diversion programs">diversion programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20psychology" title=" forensic psychology"> forensic psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice%20system" title=" justice system"> justice system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20courts" title=" mental health courts"> mental health courts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20illness" title=" mental illness"> mental illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rearrest" title=" rearrest"> rearrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recidivism" title=" recidivism"> recidivism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194632/mental-health-and-the-criminal-justice-system-a-review-on-the-mental-health-diversion-programs-and-their-effectiveness-in-reducing-recidivism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9155</span> Optimization of Acid Treatments by Assessing Diversion Strategies in Carbonate and Sandstone Formations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragi%20Poyyara">Ragi Poyyara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20Patnana"> Vijaya Patnana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alam"> Mohammed Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When acid is pumped into damaged reservoirs for damage removal/stimulation, distorted inflow of acid into the formation occurs caused by acid preferentially traveling into highly permeable regions over low permeable regions, or (in general) into the path of least resistance. This can lead to poor zonal coverage and hence warrants diversion to carry out an effective placement of acid. Diversion is desirably a reversible technique of temporarily reducing the permeability of high perm zones, thereby forcing the acid into lower perm zones. The uniqueness of each reservoir can pose several challenges to engineers attempting to devise optimum and effective diversion strategies. Diversion techniques include mechanical placement and/or chemical diversion of treatment fluids, further sub-classified into ball sealers, bridge plugs, packers, particulate diverters, viscous gels, crosslinked gels, relative permeability modifiers (RPMs), foams, and/or the use of placement techniques, such as coiled tubing (CT) and the maximum pressure difference and injection rate (MAPDIR) methodology. It is not always realized that the effectiveness of diverters greatly depends on reservoir properties, such as formation type, temperature, reservoir permeability, heterogeneity, and physical well characteristics (e.g., completion type, well deviation, length of treatment interval, multiple intervals, etc.). This paper reviews the mechanisms by which each variety of diverter functions and discusses the effect of various reservoir properties on the efficiency of diversion techniques. Guidelines are recommended to help enhance productivity from zones of interest by choosing the best methods of diversion while pumping an optimized amount of treatment fluid. The success of an overall acid treatment often depends on the effectiveness of the diverting agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion" title="diversion">diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir"> reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20coverage" title=" zonal coverage"> zonal coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonate" title=" carbonate"> carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandstone" title=" sandstone"> sandstone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12334/optimization-of-acid-treatments-by-assessing-diversion-strategies-in-carbonate-and-sandstone-formations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9154</span> Solar-Powered Water Purification Using Ozone and Sand Filtration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayla%20Youhanaie">Kayla Youhanaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Dott"> Kenneth Dott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greg%20Gillis-Smith"> Greg Gillis-Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to clean water is a global challenge that affects nearly one-third of the world’s population. A lack of safe drinking water negatively affects a person’s health, safety, and economic status. However, many regions of the world that face this clean water challenge also have high solar energy potential. To address this worldwide issue and utilize available resources, a solar-powered water purification device was developed that could be implemented in communities around the world that lack access to potable water. The device uses ozone to destroy water-borne pathogens and sand filtration to filter out particulates from the water. To select the best method for this application, a quantitative energy efficiency comparison of three water purification methods was conducted: heat, UV light, and ozone. After constructing an initial prototype, the efficacy of the device was tested using agar petri dishes to test for bacteria growth in treated water samples at various time intervals after applying the device to contaminated water. The results demonstrated that the water purification device successfully removed all bacteria and particulates from the water within three minutes, making it safe for human consumption. These results, as well as the proposed design that utilizes widely available resources in target communities, suggest that the device is a sustainable solution to address the global water crisis and could improve the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water" title="clean water">clean water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20powered%20water%20purification" title=" solar powered water purification"> solar powered water purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozonation" title=" ozonation"> ozonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20filtration" title=" sand filtration"> sand filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20water%20crisis" title=" global water crisis"> global water crisis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162398/solar-powered-water-purification-using-ozone-and-sand-filtration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9153</span> River Catchment’s Demography and the Dynamics of Access to Clean Water in the Rural South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiseyon%20Sunday%20Hosu">Yiseyon Sunday Hosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motebang%20Dominic%20Vincent%20Nakin"> Motebang Dominic Vincent Nakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elphina%20N.%20Cishe"> Elphina N. Cishe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universal access to clean and safe drinking water and basic sanitation is one of the targets of the 6th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores the evidence-based indicators of Water Rights Acts (2013) among households in the rural communities in the Mthatha River catchment of OR Tambo District Municipality of South Africa. Daily access to minimum 25 litres/person and the factors influencing clean water access were investigated in the catchment. A total number of 420 households were surveyed in the upper, peri-urban, lower and coastal regions of Mthatha Rivier catchment. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted on the data collected from the households to elicit vital information on domestic water security among rural community dwellers. The results show that approximately 68 percent of total households surveyed have access to the required minimum 25 litre/person/day, with 66.3 percent in upper region, 76 per cent in the peri-urban, 1.1 percent in the lower and 2.3 percent in the coastal regions. Only 30 percent among the total surveyed households had access to piped water either in the house or public taps. The logistic regression showed that access to clean water was influenced by lack of water infrastructure, proximity to urban regions, daily flow of pipe-borne water, household size and distance to public taps. This paper recommends that viable integrated rural community-based water infrastructure provision strategies between NGOs and local authority and the promotion of point of use (POU) technologies to enhance better access to clean water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20water" title="domestic water">domestic water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20technology" title=" household technology"> household technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20security" title=" water security"> water security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20community" title=" rural community"> rural community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428/river-catchments-demography-and-the-dynamics-of-access-to-clean-water-in-the-rural-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9152</span> Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation in Senegal’s School Environment: A Study of the Performance of a Reed Bed Filter Installed at Gandiol School for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdou%20Khafor%20Ndiaye">Abdou Khafor Ndiaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article examines clean water and sanitation in Saint-Louis region schools. It finds that 59% have clean water, with disparities between departments, urban/rural areas, and school types. Podor and Dagana lack water due to distance and costs. 70% have sanitation, but rural schools lack it due to low investment. Podor and Dagana suffer the most. Many sanitation facilities need renovation. Wastewater treatment is effective, reducing pollutants and nitrogen, but adjustments are needed for nitrates. Treated water meets Senegalese standards and can be used for irrigation but needs monitoring for strict standards. In conclusion, the wastewater system is good for regions with limited water. Meeting stricter European standards and monitoring for health and environmental standards are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructed%20wetland" title=" constructed wetland"> constructed wetland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation" title=" sanitation"> sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173574/water-hygiene-and-sanitation-in-senegals-school-environment-a-study-of-the-performance-of-a-reed-bed-filter-installed-at-gandiol-school-for-wastewater-treatment-and-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9151</span> Water Purification By Novel Nanocomposite Membrane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20S.%20Johal">E. S. Johal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Saini"> M. S. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Jha"> M. K. Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, 1.1 billion people are at risk due to lack of clean water and about 35 % of people in the developed world die from water related problem. To alleviate these problems water purification technology requires new approaches for effective management and conservation of water resources. Electrospun nanofibres membrane has a potential for water purification due to its high large surface area and good mechanical strength. In the present study PAMAM dendrimers composite nynlon-6 nanofibres membrane was prepared by crosslinking method using Glutaraldehyde. Further, the efficacy of the modified membrane can be renewed by mere exposure of the saturated membrane with the solution having acidic pH. The modified membrane can be used as an effective tool for water purification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrimer" title="dendrimer">dendrimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite%20membrane" title=" nanocomposite membrane"> nanocomposite membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20purification" title=" water purification"> water purification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9638/water-purification-by-novel-nanocomposite-membrane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9150</span> Development of Electric Generator and Water Purifier Cart</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisito%20L.%20Lacatan">Luisito L. Lacatan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gian%20Carlo%20J.%20Bergonia"> Gian Carlo J. Bergonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20C.%20Buado%20III"> Felipe C. Buado III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerald%20L.%20Gono"> Gerald L. Gono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ron%20Mark%20V.%20Ortil"> Ron Mark V. Ortil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calvin%20A.%20Yap"> Calvin A. Yap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper features the development of a Mobile Self-sustaining Electricity Generator for water distillation process with MCU- based wireless controller & indicator designed to solve the problem of scarcity of clean water. It is a fact that pure water is precious nowadays and its value is more precious to those who do not have or enjoy it. There are many water filtration products in existence today. However, none of these products fully satisfies the needs of families needing clean drinking water. All of the following products require either large sums of money or extensive maintenance, and some products do not even come with a guarantee of potable water. The proposed project was designed to alleviate the problem of scarcity of potable water in the country and part of the purpose was also to identify the problem or loopholes of the project such as the distance and speed required to produce electricity using a wheel and alternator, the required time for the heating element to heat up, the capacity of the battery to maintain the heat of the heating element and the time required for the boiler to produce a clean and potable water. The project has three parts. The first part included the researchers’ effort to plan every part of the project from the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, from purifying water to potable drinking water to the controller and indicator of the project using microcontroller unit (MCU). This included identifying the problem encountered and any possible solution to prevent and avoid errors. Gathering and reviewing related studies about the project helped the researcher reduce and prevent any problems before they could be encountered. It also included the price and quantity of materials used to control the budget. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile" title="mobile">mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20%E2%80%93%20sustaining" title=" self – sustaining"> self – sustaining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20generator" title=" electricity generator"> electricity generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20distillation" title=" water distillation"> water distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20battery%20indicator" title=" wireless battery indicator"> wireless battery indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20water%20level%20indicator" title=" wireless water level indicator"> wireless water level indicator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45555/development-of-electric-generator-and-water-purifier-cart" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9149</span> Diversion of Airplanes for Medical Emergencies at Taoyuan International Airport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Hsiang%20Lo">Chin-Hsiang Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wey%20Chia"> Wey Chia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Tien%20Hsu"> Shih-Tien Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Since 2016, the annual number of passengers on commercial flights at Taoyuan International Airport (TIA) has been ~40 million. Due to the outbreak and spread of COVID-19, the number of international flights sharply diminished in recent years. However, TIA is located at an East-Asian flight transportation junction; thus, many commercial and cargo flights continue service. When severe medical events happen on a commercial airliner, the decision to divert or not is based on consideration of both medical and operational issues. This study discusses the events related to the diversion of airplanes or reentry after taxiing for medical emergencies at Taoyuan International Airport. Background: We analyzed emergency medical records from the medical clinic of TIA from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, for patients who needed emergency medical services but were unable to reach the airport clinic by themselves. We also collected data for patients treated after diversion from other airports or reentry after taxiing due to medical emergencies. Information such as when and where the event occurred, chief signs and symptoms, the tentative diagnosis (using the ICD-9-CM), management, and the sociodemographic features of the passengers were extracted from the medical records. Summary of Cases: TIA handled approximately 152 million passengers and 1,093,762 flights during the study period; a total of 2,804 emergencies occurred during this time period. Thirty-three medical emergencies warranted diversion (21 cases) or reentry (12 cases); 13 cases were diverted from Asia-Pacific flights and five from Asia-North America flights. The age of the passengers with diversion emergencies ranged from 2–85 years (mean, 46±20-years-old). Twenty-seven patients were transported to an emergency department, and four patients died. For all cases of diversion or reentry, the most common diagnoses were neurogenic problems (42.4%), Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) (15.2%), and cardiovascular problems (12.1%). Discussion: Most aircraft diversions were related to syncope, seizure, and OHCA. The decision to divert depends on medical and operational considerations. Emergency conditions are often serious; thus, improvement of the effectiveness of cooperation between airlines and medical teams remains a challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversion" title="diversion">diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syncope" title=" syncope"> syncope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seizure" title=" seizure"> seizure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OHCA" title=" OHCA"> OHCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162285/diversion-of-airplanes-for-medical-emergencies-at-taoyuan-international-airport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9148</span> Clean Technology: Hype or Need to Have</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirk%20V.%20H.%20K.%20Franco">Dirk V. H. K. Franco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many of us a lot of phenomena are considered a risk. Examples are: climate change, decrease of biodiversity, amount of available, clean water and the decreasing variety of living organism in the oceans. On the other hand a lot of people perceive the following trends as catastrophic: the sea level, the melting of the pole ice, the numbers of tornado’s, floods and forest fires, the national security and the potential of 192 million climate migrants in 2060. The interest for climate, health and the possible solutions is large and common. The 5th IPCC states that the last decades especially human activities (and in second order natural emissions) have caused large, mainly negative impacts on our ecological environments. Chris Stringer stated that we represent, nowadays after evolution, the only one version of the possible humanity. At this very moment we are faced with an (over) crowded planet together with global climate changes and a strong demand for energy and material resources. Let us hope that we can counter these difficulties either with better application of existing technologies or by inventing new (applications of) clean technologies together with new business models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20technologies" title="clean technologies">clean technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic" title=" catastrophic"> catastrophic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possible%20solutions" title=" possible solutions"> possible solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18265/clean-technology-hype-or-need-to-have" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9147</span> Smallholder’s Agricultural Water Management Technology Adoption, Adoption Intensity and Their Determinants: The Case of Meda Welabu Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naod%20Mekonnen%20Anega">Naod Mekonnen Anega </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The very objective of this paper was to empirically identify technology tailored determinants to the adoption and adoption intensity (extent of use) of agricultural water management technologies in Meda Welabu Woreda, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Meda Welabu Woreda which is one of the administrative Woredas of the Oromia regional state was selected purposively as this Woreda is one of the Woredas in the region where small scale irrigation practices and the use of agricultural water management technologies can be found among smallholders. Using the existence water management practices (use of water management technologies) and land use pattern as a criterion Genale Mekchira Kebele is selected to undergo the study. A total of 200 smallholders were selected from the Kebele using the technique developed by Krejeie and Morgan. The study employed the Logit and Tobit models to estimate and identify the economic, social, geographical, household, institutional, psychological, technological factors that determine adoption and adoption intensity of water management technologies. The study revealed that while 55 of the sampled households are adopters of agricultural water management technology the rest 140 were non adopters of the technologies. Among the adopters included in the sample 97% are using river diversion technology (traditional) with traditional canal while the rest 7% percent are using pond with treadle pump technology. The Logit estimation reveled that while adoption of river diversion is positively and significantly affected by membership to local institutions, active labor force, income, access to credit and land ownership, adoption of treadle pump technology is positively and significantly affected by family size, education level, access to credit, extension contact, income, access to market, and slope. The Logit estimation also revealed that whereas, group action requirement, distance to farm, and size of active labor force negative and significantly influenced adoption of river diversion, age and perception has negatively and significantly influenced adoption decision of treadle pump technology. On the other hand, the Tobit estimation reveled that while adoption intensity (extent of use) of agricultural water management is positively and significantly affected by education, credit, and extension contact, access to credit, access to market and income. This study revealed that technology tailored study on adoption of Agricultural water management technologies (AWMTs) should be considered to indentify and scale up best agricultural water management practices. In fact, in countries like Ethiopia, where there is difference in social, economic, cultural, environmental and agro ecological conditions even within the same Kebele technology tailored study that fit the condition of each Kebele would help to identify and scale up best practices in agricultural water management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management%20technology" title="water management technology">water management technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20intensity" title=" adoption intensity"> adoption intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholders" title=" smallholders"> smallholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20tailored%20approach" title=" technology tailored approach"> technology tailored approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10201/smallholders-agricultural-water-management-technology-adoption-adoption-intensity-and-their-determinants-the-case-of-meda-welabu-woreda-oromia-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9146</span> Challenges and Problems of the Implementation of the Individual's Right to a Safe and Clean Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Perkumiene">Dalia Perkumiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of globalization has several unforeseen negative effects on the quality of the environment, including increased pollution, climate change, and the depletion and destruction of natural resources. The impact of these processes makes it difficult to guarantee citizens' rights to a clean environment, and complex legal solutions are needed to implement this right. In order to implement human rights in a clean and safe environment, international legal documents and court rulings are analyzed. It is important to find a balance between the legal context: the right to a clean environment and environmental challenges such as climate change and global warming. Research Methods: The following methods were used in this study: analytical, analysis, and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, comparative analysis of legal acts, and generalization. Major Findings: It is difficult to implement the right to a clean, safe and sustainable environment. The successful implementation of this right depends on the application of various complex ideas and rational, not only legal solutions. Legislative measures aim to maximize the implementation of citizens' rights in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges. This area remains problematic, especially in international law. Concluding Statement: The right to a clean environment should allow a person to live in a harmonious system, where environmental factors do not pose a risk to human health and well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20and%20safe%20and%20clean%20environmen" title="clean and safe and clean environmen">clean and safe and clean environmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmen" title=" environmen"> environmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persons%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" persons’ rights"> persons’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20a%20clean%20and%20safe%20and%20clean%20environment" title=" right to a clean and safe and clean environment"> right to a clean and safe and clean environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127454/challenges-and-problems-of-the-implementation-of-the-individuals-right-to-a-safe-and-clean-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9145</span> Airborne Molecular Contamination in Clean Room Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Rajam%C3%A4ki">T. Rajamäki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In clean room environment molecular contamination in very small concentrations can cause significant harm for the components and processes. This is commonly referred as airborne molecular contamination (AMC). There is a shortage of high sensitivity continuous measurement data for existence and behavior of several of these contaminants. Accordingly, in most cases correlation between concentration of harmful molecules and their effect on processes is not known. In addition, the formation and distribution of contaminating molecules are unclear. In this work sensitive optical techniques are applied in clean room facilities for investigation of concentrations, forming mechanisms and effects of contaminating molecules. Special emphasis is on reactive acid and base gases ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). They are the key chemicals in several operations taking place in clean room processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMC" title="AMC">AMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20room" title=" clean room"> clean room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20gas" title=" reactive gas"> reactive gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44284/airborne-molecular-contamination-in-clean-room-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9144</span> The Technics of Desalination Water in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Aburideh">H. Aburideh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.Tigrine"> Z.Tigrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ziou"> D. Ziou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hout"> S. Hout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bellatreche"> R. Bellatreche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Belhout"> D. Belhout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Belgroun"> Z. Belgroun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abbas"> M. Abbas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Faced with climate hazards in recent decades and the constant increase of the population, Algeria is making considerable efforts to provide water resources and water availability, both for its nascent industry, agriculture and for the drinking water supply of cities and arid region of the country. Following a remarkable worldwide technological breakthrough in seawater and brackish water desalination, known in recent years, the specialists have seen that the use of desalination of sea water in Algeria is a promising alternative as long as it has a coastline of 1200 km. Seawater is clean and virtually inexhaustible resource; mainly for population and industry that have high water consumption and are close to the sea. The purpose of this work is to present information on the number of sea water desalination stations and demineralization plants existing in Algeria. The constraints related to the operation of certain stations; those which are operational, those that are not operational as well as the seawater desalination program that was hired to cover 49 desalination plants across the country at the end of 2019 with the aim of increasing and diversifying water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demineralization" title=" demineralization"> demineralization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8779/the-technics-of-desalination-water-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9143</span> Application Case and Result Consideration About Basic and Working Design of Floating PV Generation System Installed in the Upstream of Dam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Hwan%20Yin">Jang-Hwan Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae-Jeong%20Jeong"> Hae-Jeong Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Geun%20Jeong"> Hyo-Geun Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> K-water (Korea Water Resources Corporation) conducted basic and working design about floating PV generation system installed above water in the upstream of dam to develop clean energy using water with importance of green growth is magnified ecumenically. PV Generation System on the ground applied considerably until now raise environmental damage by using farmland and forest land, PV generation system on the building roof is already installed at almost the whole place of business and additional installation is almost impossible. Installation space of PV generation system is infinite and efficient national land use is possible because it is installed above water. Also, PV module's efficiency increase by natural water cooling method and no shade. So it is identified that annual power generation is more than PV generation system on the ground by operating performance data. Although it is difficult to design and construct by high cost, little application case, difficult installation of floater, mooring device, underwater cable, etc. However, it has been examined cost reduction plan such as structure weight lightening, floater optimal design, etc. This thesis described basic and working design result systematically about K-water's floating PV generation system development and suggested optimal design method of floating PV generation system. Main contents are photovoltaic array location select, substation location select related underwater cable, PV module and inverter design, transmission and substation equipment design, floater design related structure weight lightening, mooring system design related water level fluctuation, grid connecting technical review, remote control and monitor equipment design, etc. This thesis will contribute to optimal design and business extension of floating PV generation system, and it will be opportunity revitalize clean energy development using water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20generation%20system" title="PV generation system">PV generation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20growth" title=" green growth"> green growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48114/application-case-and-result-consideration-about-basic-and-working-design-of-floating-pv-generation-system-installed-in-the-upstream-of-dam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9142</span> Performance of Osmotic Microbial Fuel Cell in Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation: A Critical Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubhangi%20R.%20Deshmukh">Shubhangi R. Deshmukh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupam%20B.%20Soni"> Anupam B. Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clean water and electricity are vital services needed in all communities. Bio-degradation of wastewater contaminants and desalination technologies are the best possible alternatives for the global shortage of fresh water supply. Osmotic microbial fuel cell (OMFC) is a versatile technology that uses microorganism (used for biodegradation of organic waste) and membrane technology (used for water purification) for wastewater treatment and energy generation simultaneously. This technology is the combination of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and forward osmosis (FO) processes. OMFC can give more electricity and clean water than the MFC which has a regular proton exchange membrane. FO gives many improvements such as high contamination removal, lower operating energy, raising high proton flux than other pressure-driven membrane technology. Lower concentration polarization lowers the membrane fouling by giving osmotic water recovery without extra cost. In this review paper, we have discussed the principle, mechanism, limitation, and application of OMFC technology reported to date. Also, we have interpreted the experimental data from various literature on the water recovery and electricity generation assessed by a different component of OMFC. The area of producing electricity using OMFC has further scope for research and seems like a promising route to wastewater treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20osmosis" title="forward osmosis">forward osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmotic%20microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" osmotic microbial fuel cell"> osmotic microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107013/performance-of-osmotic-microbial-fuel-cell-in-wastewater-treatment-and-electricity-generation-a-critical-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9141</span> Accessing the 'No-Harm' Principle of Protection of the Mekong River’s Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Thuy%20Tran">Hang Thuy Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanh%20Hong%20Pham"> Hanh Hong Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Thanh%20Hoa"> Ha Thanh Hoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From 2009 up to now, the water quantity and water quality of the Mekong River, located in the South of Vietnam, have been significantly reduced. The phenomenon happened as a result of climate change and human activities. The Mekong River is an international source of water, flowing across the borders of 6 countries, with Vietnam downstream. Activities to block the flow or build dams to construct hydroelectricity or diversion in upstream countries are either the direct cause or the risk of further deterioration of the water quality and quantity of the Mekong River, as evidenced by two phenomena which are a saline intrusion and transboundary water pollution. The protection of the crucial source of water is done through bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, notably the Mekong River Commission, established by members of the Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin 1995. In this document, under Article 7, the 'no-harm' principle requires member states to take appropriate measures to prevent causing substantial damage to other member states. This principle has been practiced through the work of a number of committees established by the commission. However, the content of the rules is undetailed, lacks an implementation monitoring mechanism, and has an unreasonable dispute solution. With such difficulties, the provisions in the principle of no-harm are not adequate to protect the Mekong River's water resources in the current context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=no-harm%20principle" title="no-harm principle">no-harm principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transboundary%20water%20pollution" title=" transboundary water pollution"> transboundary water pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20Commission" title=" Mekong Commission"> Mekong Commission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20source%20of%20water" title=" international source of water"> international source of water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134235/accessing-the-no-harm-principle-of-protection-of-the-mekong-rivers-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9140</span> Evaluation of a Hybrid System for Renewable Energy in a Small Island in Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bertsiou">M. Bertsiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Feloni"> E. Feloni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Baltas"> E. Baltas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proper management of the water supply and electricity is the key issue, especially in small islands, where sustainability has been combined with the autonomy and covering of water needs and the fast development in potential sectors of economy. In this research work a hybrid system in Fournoi island (Icaria), a small island of Aegean, has been evaluated in order to produce hydropower and cover water demands, as it can provide solutions to acute problems, such as the water scarcity or the instability of local power grids. The meaning and the utility of hybrid system and the cooperation with a desalination plant has also been considered. This kind of project has not yet been widely applied, so the consideration will give us valuable information about the storage of water and the controlled distribution of the generated clean energy. This process leads to the conclusions about the functioning of the system and the profitability of this project, covering the demand for water and electricity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20system" title="hybrid system">hybrid system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=island" title=" island"> island</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58608/evaluation-of-a-hybrid-system-for-renewable-energy-in-a-small-island-in-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9139</span> Circular Economy-Relationship of Natural Water Collection System, Afforestation and Country Park Towards Environmental Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20Tak%20Kit">Kwok Tak Kit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The government and community have raised their awareness of the benefits of water reuse. Deforestation has a significant effect to climate change as it causes the drying out of the tropical rainforest and hence increases the chance of natural hazards. The loss of forests due to natural fire or human factors would be threatening the storage and supply of clean water. In this paper, we will focus on the discussion of the relationship of the natural water collection system, afforestation and country parks towards environmental sustainability and circular economy with a case study of water conservation policy and strategy in Hong Kong and Singapore for further research. The UN General Assembly launched the Water Action Decade in 2018 to mobilize action that will help to tackle the growing challenge of water scarcity through water conservation and protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=afforestation" title="afforestation">afforestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20conservation" title=" water conservation"> water conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goal" title=" sustainable development goal"> sustainable development goal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145832/circular-economy-relationship-of-natural-water-collection-system-afforestation-and-country-park-towards-environmental-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9138</span> Enhancing Water Purification with Angiosperm Xylem Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinan%20Zhou">Yinan Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One in four people in the world still lack access to clean drinking water, and there is a current lack of cost-effective ways for water-scarce regions to access it. This study seeks to investigate the solutions to water filtration in rural China as well as test the feasibility of using angiosperms as xylem candidates. Four angiosperms that are found in China and around Asia were subject to three tests to test their filtration capacity: ink water filtration, creek water filtration, and microparticle filtration. Analysis of the experiments demonstrated that Celtis Sinensis was able to produce one of the clearest solutions, filter out large debris and bacteria, and reject microparticles almost completely. Celtis Sinensis proves that angiosperm xylem filters are also competent filter candidates and, due to their availability in China, can be used as a nearby source of water filtration. Further research should be done on scaling production to a larger scale and also on the filtration of viruses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylem%20filter" title="xylem filter">xylem filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angiosperms" title=" angiosperms"> angiosperms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193135/enhancing-water-purification-with-angiosperm-xylem-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9137</span> Improving Water and Sanitation Systems in Rural Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betselot%20Girma%20Argaw">Betselot Girma Argaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The health of people living in rural areas of Ethiopia depends a lot on how good their water and sanitation systems are. Even though there have been efforts to improve these systems, many communities still struggle to get clean water and proper sanitation, which leads to many health problems and unfair conditions. This research looks into the current situation of water and sanitation in rural Ethiopia, focusing on the main challenges that stop these communities from having safe and lasting solutions. By studying current practices, policies, and infrastructure, this paper highlights the areas that need urgent attention. It also reviews successful examples and suggests recommendations that fit the local context. The goal is to offer practical ideas that can help create better strategies to improve the lives of millions of rural Ethiopians, aiming for lasting improvements in water and sanitation in these vulnerable areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20Ethiopia%20water" title="rural Ethiopia water">rural Ethiopia water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation%20infrastructure" title=" sanitation infrastructure"> sanitation infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20solutions" title=" sustainable solutions"> sustainable solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20accessibility" title=" water accessibility"> water accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189293/improving-water-and-sanitation-systems-in-rural-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9136</span> Relevance in the Water-Energy-Food nexus: an Opportunity for Promoting Socio Economic Development in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadjib%20Drouiche">Nadjib Drouiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water resources in Algeria are scarce, often low quality, fragile, and unevenly distributed in space and time. The pressure on water resources can be associated with industrial development, a steady population growth, and demanding land irrigation measures. These conditions createa tense competitionfor managing waterresourcesand sharing thembetween agricultural development, drinking water supply, industrial activities, etc. Moreover, the impact of climate change has placed in the forefront national policies focused on the water-energy-food nexus (WEF). In this context, desalination membrane technologies could play an increasing rolefor supporting segments of the Algerian economy that are heavily water-dependent. By implementing water reuse and desalination strategies together in the agricultural sector, there is an opportunity to expand the access to healthy food and clean water, thereby keeping the WEF nexus effects under control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals" title=" sustainable development goals"> sustainable development goals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148146/relevance-in-the-water-energy-food-nexus-an-opportunity-for-promoting-socio-economic-development-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9135</span> The Cultural Significance of Recycling - A Native American Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20A.%20Curry">Martin A. Curry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Madeline Island is a small island community in Wisconsin, USA. Located in Lake Superior, it has been home to the Anishinaabe/Ojibway people for 1000s of years and is known as Moningwankuaning Minis-"The Island of the Golden Breasted Woodpecker". The community relies on summer tourism as its source of income, with a small population of 400 year-round residents. Supervisor Martin A. Curry (Ojibway/German descent) has been working on a fiscally responsible, environmentally principled and culturally centered approach to waste diversion and recycling. The tenets of this program encompass plastics, paper, food waste, local farming, energy production and art education. Through creative writing for the local newspaper and creative interactions, Martin has worked to engage the community in a more robust interest in waste diversion, including setting up a free-will donation store that incorporates elder volunteering opportunities, a compost program that works with the local community garden, biodiesel production and an art program that works with children from the local island school to make paper, grow local food and paint murals. The entirety of this program is based on the Ojibway concept of Mino-Bimadiiziwiin- "The Good Life" and benefits the community and its guests and represents a microcosm of the global dilemmas of waste and recycling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title="recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20diversion" title=" waste diversion"> waste diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=island" title=" island"> island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Native%20American" title=" Native American"> Native American</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art" title=" art"> art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166066/the-cultural-significance-of-recycling-a-native-american-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9134</span> Semi-Automatic Design and Fabrication of Water Waste Cleaning Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanida%20Tangjai%20Benchalak%20Muangmeesri">Chanida Tangjai Benchalak Muangmeesri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechrit%20Maneetham">Dechrit Maneetham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collection of marine garbage in the modern world, where technology is vital to existence. Consequently, technology can assist in reducing the duplicate labor in the subject of collecting trash in the water that must be done the same way repeatedly owing to the consequence of suffering an emerging disease or COVID-19. This is due to the rapid advancement of technology. As a result, solid trash and plastic garbage are increasing. Agricultural gardens, canals, ponds, and water basins are all sources of water. Building boat-like instruments for rubbish collection in the water will be done this time. It has two control options, boat control via remote control and boat control via an Internet of Things system. A solar panel with a power output of 40 watts powers the system being able to store so accurate and precise waste collection, allowing for thorough water cleaning. The primary goals are to keep the water's surface clean and assess its quality to support the aquatic ecology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20boat" title="automatic boat">automatic boat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleaning%20machine" title=" cleaning machine"> cleaning machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iot" title=" iot"> iot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161713/semi-automatic-design-and-fabrication-of-water-waste-cleaning-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9133</span> A Levelized Cost Analysis for Solar Energy Powered Sea Water Desalination in the Arabian Gulf Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Kaya">Abdullah Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muammer%20Koc"> Muammer Koc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A levelized cost analysis of solar energy powered seawater desalination in The Emirate of Abu Dhabi is conducted to show that clean and renewable desalination is economically viable. The Emirate heavily relies on seawater desalination for its freshwater needs due to limited freshwater resources available. This trend is expected to increase further due to growing population and economic activity, rapid decline in limited freshwater reserves, and aggravating effects of climate change. Seawater desalination in Abu Dhabi is currently done through thermal desalination technologies such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) which are coupled with thermal power plants known as co-generation. Our analysis indicates that these thermal desalination methods are inefficient regarding energy consumption and harmful to the environment due to CO₂ emissions and other dangerous byproducts. Therefore, utilization of clean and renewable desalination options has become a must for The Emirate for the transition to a sustainable future. The rapid decline in the cost of solar PV system for energy production and RO technology for desalination makes the combination of these two an ideal option for a future of sustainable desalination in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. A Levelized cost analysis for water produced by solar PV + RO system indicates that Abu Dhabi is well positioned to utilize this technological combination for cheap and clean desalination for the coming years. It has been shown that cap-ex cost of solar PV powered RO system has potential to go as low as to 101 million US $ (1111 $/m³) at best case considering the recent technological developments. The levelized cost of water (LCW) values fluctuate between 0.34 $/m³ for the baseline case and 0.27 $/m³ for the best case. Even the highly conservative case yields LCW cheaper than 100% from all thermal desalination methods currently employed in the Emirate. Exponential cost decreases in both solar PV and RO sectors along with increasing economic scale globally signal the fact that a cheap and clean desalination can be achieved by the combination of these technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20PV" title="solar PV">solar PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RO%20desalination" title=" RO desalination"> RO desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20desalination" title=" sustainable desalination"> sustainable desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levelized%20cost%20of%20analysis" title=" levelized cost of analysis"> levelized cost of analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emirate%20of%20Abu%20Dhabi" title=" Emirate of Abu Dhabi"> Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94556/a-levelized-cost-analysis-for-solar-energy-powered-sea-water-desalination-in-the-arabian-gulf-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9132</span> Microbial Diversity Assessment in Household Point-of-Use Water Sources Using Spectroscopic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syahidah%20N.%20Zulkifli">Syahidah N. Zulkifli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20A.%20Rahim"> Herlina A. Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20A.%20M.%20Subha"> Nurul A. M. Subha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustaining water quality is critical in order to avoid any harmful health consequences for end-user consumers. The detection of microbial impurities at the household level is the foundation of water security. Water quality is now monitored only at water utilities or infrastructure, such as water treatment facilities or reservoirs. This research provides a first-hand scientific understanding of microbial composition presence in Malaysia’s household point-of-use (POUs) water supply influenced by seasonal fluctuations, standstill periods, and flow dynamics by using the NIR-Raman spectroscopic technique. According to the findings, 20% of water samples were contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, which are Legionella and Salmonella cells. A comparison of the spectra reveals significant signature peaks (420 cm⁻¹ to 1800 cm⁻¹), including species-specific bands. This demonstrates the importance of regularly monitoring POUs water quality to provide a safe and clean water supply to homeowners. Conventional Raman spectroscopy, up-to-date, is no longer suited for real-time monitoring. Therefore, this study introduced an alternative micro-spectrometer to give a rapid and sustainable way of monitoring POUs water quality. Assessing microbiological threats in water supply becomes more reliable and efficient by leveraging IoT protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20contaminants" title="microbial contaminants">microbial contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20monitoring" title=" water monitoring"> water monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168278/microbial-diversity-assessment-in-household-point-of-use-water-sources-using-spectroscopic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20water%20diversion&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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