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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fort Beauséjour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_Beauséjour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Fort_Beauséjour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Fort_Beauséjour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle of Fort Beauséjour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Fort_Beauséjour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fort_Cumberland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fort_Cumberland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fort Cumberland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_Cumberland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Historic_Site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Historic_Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>National Historic Site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Historic_Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Fort Beauséjour – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fort Beauséjour" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerte_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Fuerte Beauséjour – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerte Beauséjour" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Fort Beauséjour – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fort Beauséjour" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%A3%BC%EB%A5%B4_%EC%9A%94%EC%83%88" title="보세주르 요새 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보세주르 요새" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Fort Beauséjour – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fort Beauséjour" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1" title="حصن بوسيجور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حصن بوسيجور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Fort Beauséjour – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fort Beauséjour" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&params=45_51_53_N_64_17_29_W_region:CA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°51′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">64°17′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.86472°N 64.29139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.86472; -64.29139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fort in Aulac, New Brunswick, Canada</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Fort Beauséjour</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Aulac,_New_Brunswick" title="Aulac, New Brunswick">Aulac, New Brunswick</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg/300px-FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg/450px-FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg/600px-FortBeausejour1750McCordMuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="447" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fort Beauséjour and Cathedral (c. 1755)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&params=45_51_53_N_64_17_29_W_region:CA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°51′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">64°17′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.86472°N 64.29139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.86472; -64.29139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Fortress</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Controlled by</th><td class="infobox-data">France (1751–1755), United Kingdom (1755–1835), Parks Canada (1926–present) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FF0000; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland National Historic Site of Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1920</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1751</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1751–1835</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fort Beauséjour</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fɔʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>boseʒuʁ]</a></span>), renamed <b>Fort Cumberland</b> in 1755, is a large, five-<a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastioned</a> <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Chignecto" title="Isthmus of Chignecto">Isthmus of Chignecto</a> in eastern Canada, a neck of land connecting the present-day province of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> with that of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. The site was strategically important in <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>, a French colony that included primarily the <a href="/wiki/Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimes">Maritimes</a>, the eastern part of Quebec, and northern <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> of the later United States. The fort was built by the French from 1751 to 1752. They surrendered it to the British in 1755 after their defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Battle of Fort Beauséjour">Battle of Fort Beauséjour</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. The British renamed the structure as Fort Cumberland. The fort was strategically important throughout the Anglo-French rivalry of 1749–63, known as the French and Indian Wars by British colonists. Less than a generation later, it was the site of the 1776 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland">Battle of Fort Cumberland</a>, when the British forces repulsed sympathisers of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. </p><p>Since 1920 the site has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site of Canada</a>, named the Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland National Historic Site. Portions of the fort have been restored, and a museum and visitor facilities were added to the site. It attracts about 6000 visitors annually.<sup id="cite_ref-pc.gc.ca_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc.gc.ca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg/220px-Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg/330px-Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg/440px-Fort_Beausejour_in_1755_by_Winckworth_Tonge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1775" /></a><figcaption>Fort Beauséeour in 1755 by <a href="/wiki/Winckworth_Tonge" title="Winckworth Tonge">Winckworth Tonge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1600s and 1700s, European monarchies were nearly continuously at war with each other. The threat of Anglo-American invasion of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> was constant, as England tried to establish power in North America, and Acadia was particularly vulnerable to attacks by water.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its capital, <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port-Royal</a>, was founded in 1605, destroyed by the British in 1613, moved upstream in 1632, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1707)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1707)">besieged by the British in 1707</a>, and finally taken in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">Siege of Port Royal (1710)</a>. </p><p>Under the terms of the 1713 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> had ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> the territory known today as mainland Nova Scotia. The treaty stated that France retained control of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-Royale_(New_France)" title="Île-Royale (New France)">Île Royale</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>) and Île Saint-Jean (<a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>). France's colony of Canada, or New France, extended from the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a> in the east to Quebec in the west. The treaty of Utrecht defined neither which nation had sovereignty over the land between Gaspesie and Nova Scotia, now New Brunswick, nor the western border of Nova Scotia. The <i>de facto</i> border became the Isthmus of Chignecto at the <a href="/wiki/Missiguash_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Missiguash River">Missiguash River</a>, site of the prosperous Acadian settlement <a href="/wiki/Beaubassin" title="Beaubassin">Beaubassin</a>. </p><p>In the mid-1700s France and Britain were about to clash worldwide and in North America in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. By the middle of the 1700s, over one million British colonists occupied a limited area along the Atlantic coast, but the primarily ethnic French population of what is now The Maritimes was 18,544,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> part of a total New France population of 70,000.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_Beauséjour"><span id="Fort_Beaus.C3.A9jour"></span>Fort Beauséjour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fort Beauséjour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort-Beausejour_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fort-Beausejour_en.png/220px-Fort-Beausejour_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fort-Beausejour_en.png/330px-Fort-Beausejour_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Fort-Beausejour_en.png/440px-Fort-Beausejour_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Map of surrounding area</figcaption></figure> <p>As tensions escalated, in 1749 the British erected fortifications in Nova Scotia at <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Hill_(Fort_George)" title="Citadel Hill (Fort George)">Citadel Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, which they founded as a town; and at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sackville_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Fort Sackville (Nova Scotia)">Fort Sackville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Nova_Scotia" title="Bedford, Nova Scotia">Bedford</a>. The French rebuilt the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a>, and re-occupied <a href="/wiki/Fort_Boishebert" title="Fort Boishebert">Fort Nerepis</a> as part of their defences. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg/220px-AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg/330px-AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg/440px-AmherstNS_BeaubassinMarker_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Marker at the site of <a href="/wiki/Beaubassin" title="Beaubassin">Beaubassin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1750 the French added to the military personnel in their colony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April of that year Governor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cornwallis" title="Edward Cornwallis">Edward Cornwallis</a> of Nova Scotia sent British Major <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lawrence_(British_Army_officer)" title="Charles Lawrence (British Army officer)">Charles Lawrence</a> with a small force to establish British authority in the isthmus of Chignecto. On the north bank of the Missaguash River, Lawrence found French forces under <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_la_Corne,_Chevalier_de_la_Corne" title="Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne">Louis de La Corne</a>, who had orders to prevent any British advance beyond that point. De La Corne evacuated and burned the village of Beaubassin to prevent its aiding the British. Rather than fight the French, with whom the British were not at war, or admit to any territorial limitation, Lawrence withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officials in London disagreed about how far to direct actions of troops in establishing national claims during a time of peace. But Cornwallis eventually sent Lawrence to the Missaguash River with a stronger force and they routed a group of Abenaki and allied Indians led by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Le_Loutre" title="Jean-Louis Le Loutre">Father Le Loutre</a>, a French agent provocateur. In the autumn of 1750 Lawrence built <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lawrence">Fort Lawrence</a> near the site of the ruined village of Beaubassin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Beausejour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fort_Beausejour.jpg/220px-Fort_Beausejour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fort_Beausejour.jpg/330px-Fort_Beausejour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fort_Beausejour.jpg/440px-Fort_Beausejour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3917" data-file-height="2456" /></a><figcaption>Modern museum at the site of Fort Beausejour</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1750 Governor General <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Pierre_de_Taffanel_de_la_Jonqui%C3%A8re,_Marquis_de_la_Jonqui%C3%A8re" title="Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière">de la Jonquière</a> ordered that two forts be built at either end of the Isthmus of Chignecto to block the British: one was <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gaspareaux" title="Fort Gaspareaux">Fort Gaspareaux</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Strait" title="Northumberland Strait">Northumberland Strait</a> and the other Fort Beauséjour on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a>. </p><p>Construction began in April 1751 under the direction of Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Gaspard-Joseph_Chaussegros_de_L%C3%A9ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry">Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdf_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdf-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1751 the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_magazine" title="Gunpowder magazine">gunpowder magazine</a>, a well, four <a href="/wiki/Casemates" class="mw-redirect" title="Casemates">casemates</a>, and officers' quarters were finished. The <a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a> were added the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1753 the fort had <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> walls and a five-metre-high (16 ft) earthwork. It was a pentagon-shaped <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastions</a> built of earth and pickets at the corners.<sup id="cite_ref-pdf_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdf-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1754, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Du_Pont_Duchambon_de_Vergor" title="Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor">Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor</a> became the commander of Fort Beausejour. Events eventually revealed that he was unfit for military command. Louis-Léonard Aumasson de Courville, who became Vergor's secretary at Beauséjour claimed that Vergor was "avaricious in the extreme," and in his memoirs is a quotation attributed to <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bigot" title="François Bigot">François Bigot</a>: "Profit, my dear Vergor, by your opportunity [at Beauséjour]; trim, – cut – you have the power – in order that you may soon join me in France and purchase an estate near me."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Fort_Beauséjour"><span id="Battle_of_Fort_Beaus.C3.A9jour"></span>Battle of Fort Beauséjour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Fort Beauséjour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" title="Battle of Fort Beauséjour">Battle of Fort Beauséjour</a></div><p>The French position may have been undermined by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pichon" title="Thomas Pichon">Thomas Pichon</a>, a clerk at the fort. The British commandant at Fort Lawrence paid Pichon for information about French activities. Pichon provided accounts of French activities, plans of forts and an outline of the steps necessary for capture, which Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Monckton" title="Robert Monckton">Robert Monckton</a> later used in the attacks. Pichon delayed the strengthening of Beauséjour by advising that the British would not attack that year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg/220px-FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg/330px-FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg/440px-FortBeausejour1755byCaptHamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Fort Beauséjour and cathedral by <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_(British_army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hamilton (British army officer)">John Hamilton</a> (1755)</figcaption></figure> <p>A convoy of 31 transports and three warships left <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> on 19 May 1755, carrying nearly 2,000 <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> provincial troops and 270 British regulars, and dropped anchor near the mouth of the Missaguash River on 2 June.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day the troops, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Monckton" title="Robert Monckton">Robert Monckton</a> of the regular army, disembarked a few kilometres from Fort Beauséjour. To defend the fort, Commander Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor had only 150 soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Compagnies_Franches_de_la_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnies Franches de la Marine">Compagnies franches de la Marine</a> and a dozen canonniers-bombardiers. On June 16, a large English bomb went through the roof of a casemate and killed many of its occupants. Vergor laid down his weapons. The fort was surrendered, and renamed Fort Cumberland. The next day Fort Gaspereau was surrendered without being attacked. The fall of these forts settled the boundary dispute in favour of the British and marked the beginning of the Expulsion of the Acadians.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The minister of Marine, Machault, had good reason to believe the forts had been "very ill defended" and Vergor was summoned before a <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court martial</a> at Quebec in September 1757 but was acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beausejour2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Beausejour2006.jpg/220px-Beausejour2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Beausejour2006.jpg/330px-Beausejour2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Beausejour2006.jpg/440px-Beausejour2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of Fort Beauséjour</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_Cumberland">Fort Cumberland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fort Cumberland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the months following the fort's capture, British forces ordered Acadians living in the region to sign an oath of allegiance to the British Crown. However, the Acadians refused, preferring to remain neutral. Some Acadians reported that they had been coerced into assisting in the defense of Fort Beauséjour, and the British used this as a reason to begin the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a>. Acadian homes were burnt to prevent their return. As the British army had relocated to Fort Cumberland, they abandoned and burned Fort Lawrence in October 1756. Fort Cumberland became one of the sites in which the British imprisoned or temporarily held Acadians during the nine years of the expulsion, the others being <a href="/wiki/Fort_Edward_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)">Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)</a>; Fort Frederick, <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a>, and Fort Charlotte, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Island,_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Island, Halifax">Georges Island, Halifax</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Dixson_Grave,_Fort_Cumberland,_New_Brunswick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg/220px-Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg/330px-Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg/440px-Thomas_Dixson_Grave%2C_Fort_Cumberland%2C_New_Brunswick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixson" title="Thomas Dixson">Thomas Dixson</a> Grave, Fort Cumberland, New Brunswick</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the leadership of French officer Boishébert, Acadians and Mi'kmaq fought the expulsion from their homeland. In the early spring of 1756, a band of Acadian and Mi'kmaq partisans ambushed a small party of New England soldiers' cutting wood for Fort Cumberland, killing and mutilating nine men.<sup id="cite_ref-faragher_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faragher-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1757, after raiding Fort Edward, a band of Acadian and Mi'kmaq partisans also raided Fort Cumberland, killing and scalping two men and taking two prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-faragher_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faragher-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July, Mi'kmaq captured two of Gorham's rangers outside Fort Cumberland.<sup id="cite_ref-grenier_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grenier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1758, forty Acadian and Mi'kmaq attacked a schooner at Fort Cumberland and killed its master and two sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-grenier_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grenier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the winter of 1759, five British soldiers on patrol were ambushed while crossing a bridge near Fort Cumberland. They were <a href="/wiki/Scalping" title="Scalping">scalped</a> and their bodies were mutilated as was common in frontier warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-faragher_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faragher-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1761, commander of the fort Roderick McKenzie of the Montgomery's Highlanders went to Bay of Chaleurs to remove the 787 Acadians. He captured 335. </p><p>In 1776, early in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, Fort Cumberland and its garrison of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fencible_American_Regiment" title="Royal Fencible American Regiment">Royal Fencible American Regiment</a> repelled several rebel attacks in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland">Battle of Fort Cumberland</a>. These were mounted by local <a href="/wiki/Guerrillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrillas">guerrillas</a> led by the American sympathizer <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Eddy" title="Jonathan Eddy">Jonathan Eddy</a>. </p><p>After the end of the Revolutionary War, by which the United States gained independence, the British abandoned Fort Cumberland in the late 1780s. When territorial conflict with the United States resumed in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, Britain sent forces to refurbish the fort and garrison it. It was not the site of any action in that war. In 1835 the British military declared the fort surplus property and it was abandoned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Historic_Site">National Historic Site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National Historic Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920 the fort was designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Site of Canada</a> for its significance to French and British history in the country. It is named the Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland National Historic Site. Portions of the fort have been restored.<sup id="cite_ref-pc.gc.ca_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc.gc.ca-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a museum and visitor facilities have been constructed. </p><p>The museum depicts and interprets the conflicts between France and Great Britain in the 1700s, and the later struggle between rebels of the Thirteen Colonies and Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attracting about 6000 visitors each year, the fort contributes to <a href="/wiki/Heritage_tourism" title="Heritage tourism">heritage tourism</a> in the Maritimes.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanders">Commanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_la_Corne,_Chevalier_de_la_Corne" title="Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne">Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne</a> (1749–1750) – established pickets</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Roch_of_Saint-Ours_D%27Eschallions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Roch of Saint-Ours D'Eschallions (page does not exist)">Pierre-Roch of Saint-Ours D'Eschallions</a> (1750–1751)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Mutigny_de_Vassan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Mutigny de Vassan (page does not exist)">Jean-Baptiste Mutigny de Vassan</a> (1751–1753)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Du_Pont_Duchambon_de_Vergor" title="Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor">Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor</a> (1754)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+LAWRENCE%2C+CHARLES+%E2%80%93+Volume+III+%281741-1770%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Flawrence_charles_3E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdf-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pdf_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pdf_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunJohnstonClarke" class="citation book cs1">Brun, Régis; Johnston, AJB; Clarke, Ernest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/nb/beausejour/~/media/lhn-nhs/nb/beausejour/pdfs/beausejour-cumberland-histoire-history.ashx"><i>Fort Beauséjour - Fort Cumberland A History</i></a>. Societé du Monument Lefebvre<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846032554" title="Special:BookSources/9781846032554"><bdi>9781846032554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forts+of+New+France+in+Northeast+America+1600-1763&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=9781846032554&rft.aulast=Chartrand&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnjiVxEIVM0AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/du_pont_duchambon_de_vergor_louis_4E.html">"Biography – DU PONT DUCHAMBON DE VERGOR, LOUIS – Volume IV (1771-1800) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+DU+PONT+DUCHAMBON+DE+VERGOR%2C+LOUIS+%E2%80%93+Volume+IV+%281771-1800%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fdu_pont_duchambon_de_vergor_louis_4E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/pichon_thomas_4E.html">"Biography – Pichon, Thomas, Thomas Tyrell – Volume IV (1771–1800) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+Pichon%2C+Thomas%2C+Thomas+Tyrell+%E2%80%93+Volume+IV+%281771%E2%80%931800%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fpichon_thomas_4E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/monckton_robert_4E.html">"Biography – Monckton, Robert – Volume IV (1771–1800) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+Monckton%2C+Robert+%E2%80%93+Volume+IV+%281771%E2%80%931800%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fmonckton_robert_4E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faragher-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-faragher_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faragher_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faragher_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaragher2005" class="citation book cs1">Faragher, John Mack (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnoblescheme00fara"><i>A great and noble scheme : the tragic story of the expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: W.W Norton & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnoblescheme00fara/page/271">271–410</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393328271" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393328271"><bdi>978-0393328271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+great+and+noble+scheme+%3A+the+tragic+story+of+the+expulsion+of+the+French+Acadians+from+their+American+Homeland&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=271-410&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.W+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0393328271&rft.aulast=Faragher&rft.aufirst=John+Mack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatnoblescheme00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grenier-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grenier_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grenier_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenier2008" class="citation book cs1">Grenier, John (2008). <i>The far reaches of empire : war in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 179–195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0806138763" title="Special:BookSources/978-0806138763"><bdi>978-0806138763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+far+reaches+of+empire+%3A+war+in+Nova+Scotia%2C+1710%E2%80%931760&rft.place=Norman&rft.pages=179-195&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0806138763&rft.aulast=Grenier&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanada" class="citation web cs1">Canada, Parks Canada Agency, Government of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/lhn-nhs/nb/beausejour/index.aspx">"Parks Canada – Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland National Historic Site"</a>. <i>www.pc.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pc.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Parks+Canada+%E2%80%93+Fort+Beaus%C3%A9jour+%E2%80%93+Fort+Cumberland+National+Historic+Site&rft.aulast=Canada&rft.aufirst=Parks+Canada+Agency%2C+Government+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Feng%2Flhn-nhs%2Fnb%2Fbeausejour%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204034257/http://www.cumberlandnewsnow.com/News/Local/2015-12-22/article-4384380/Fort-Beausejour-Fort-Cumberland-saw-more-visitors-in-2015/1">"Fort Beausejour–Fort Cumberland saw more visitors in 2015"</a>. <i>www.cumberlandnewsnow.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumberlandnewsnow.com/News/Local/2015-12-22/article-4384380/Fort-Beausejour-Fort-Cumberland-saw-more-visitors-in-2015/1">the original</a> on 2016-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cumberlandnewsnow.com&rft.atitle=Fort+Beausejour%E2%80%93Fort+Cumberland+saw+more+visitors+in+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumberlandnewsnow.com%2FNews%2FLocal%2F2015-12-22%2Farticle-4384380%2FFort-Beausejour-Fort-Cumberland-saw-more-visitors-in-2015%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fort Beauséjour">Fort Beauséjour</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_Bancroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremiah Bancroft (page does not exist)">Jeremiah Bancroft</a> kept a diary in which he gives an account of the fall of Fort Beausejour and the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9,_Nova_Scotia" title="Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia">Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Brunswick_parks" title="Template:New Brunswick parks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Brunswick_parks" title="Template talk:New Brunswick parks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Brunswick_parks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Brunswick parks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_in_New_Brunswick" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of protected areas of New Brunswick">Protected areas</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks of Canada">National Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundy_National_Park" title="Fundy National Park">Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouchibouguac_National_Park" title="Kouchibouguac National Park">Kouchibouguac</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Parks_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Parks of Canada">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_park" title="Provincial park">Provincial parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Provincial_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage Provincial Park">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Botanical_Garden" title="New Brunswick Botanical Garden">New Brunswick Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_Cove_Provincial_Park" title="Herring Cove Provincial Park">Herring Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mactaquac_Provincial_Park" title="Mactaquac Provincial Park">Mactaquac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carleton_Provincial_Park" title="Mount Carleton Provincial Park">Mount Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Beach_Provincial_Park" title="Murray Beach Provincial Park">Murray Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_Beach_Provincial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New River Beach Provincial Park (page does not exist)">New River Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oak_Bay_Provincial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oak Bay Provincial Park (page does not exist)">Oak Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlee_Beach_Provincial_Park" title="Parlee Beach Provincial Park">Parlee Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Provincial_Park" title="Sugarloaf Provincial Park">Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Comeau_Provincial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Comeau Provincial Park (page does not exist)">Val Comeau</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of protected areas of New Brunswick">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaubears_Island#J._Leonard_O'Brien_and_Shipbuilding" title="Beaubears Island">Beaubears Island Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaubears_Island#Boishébert_and_the_Acadians" title="Beaubears Island">Boishébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_Martello_Tower" title="Carleton Martello Tower">Carleton Martello Tower</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gaspareaux" title="Fort Gaspareaux">Fort Gaspareaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Howe" title="Fort Howe">Fort Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartland_Covered_Bridge" title="Hartland Covered Bridge">Hartland Covered Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Lefebvre" title="Monument Lefebvre">Monument Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Fredericton" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Government House, Fredericton">Old Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrews,_New_Brunswick#St._Andrews_Blockhouse" title="Saint Andrews, New Brunswick">St. Andrews Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Howard_Douglas_Hall" title="Sir Howard Douglas Hall">Sir Howard Douglas Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=York_County_Court_House_(New_Brunswick)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="York County Court House (New Brunswick) (page does not exist)">York County Court House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_New_Brunswick" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in New Brunswick">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">Urban parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beech_Hill_Park_(New_Brunswick)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beech Hill Park (New Brunswick) (page does not exist)">Beech Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackville_Municipal_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackville Municipal Park (page does not exist)">Blackville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carleton_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carleton Park (page does not exist)">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Park_(Moncton)" title="Centennial Park (Moncton)">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fort_Cove" title="French Fort Cove">French Fort Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Falls_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Falls Gorge (page does not exist)">Grand Falls Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irishtown_Nature_Park,_New_Brunswick" title="Irishtown Nature Park, New Brunswick">Irishtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Nature_Park" title="Irving Nature Park">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Killarney_Lake_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Killarney Lake Park (page does not exist)">Killarney Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwanis_Park,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiwanis Park, New Brunswick">Kiwanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapleton_Park,_New_Brunswick" title="Mapleton Park, New Brunswick">Mapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Island,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Island, New Brunswick">Middle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miramichi_Skate_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miramichi Skate Park (page does not exist)">Miramichi Skate Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrissey_Rock_Park_and_Scenic_Lookout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morrissey Rock Park and Scenic Lookout (page does not exist)">Morrissey Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odell_Park_and_Odell_Arboretum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odell Park and Odell Arboretum (page does not exist)">Odell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petit_T%C3%A9mis_Interprovincial_Linear_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petit Témis Interprovincial Linear Park (page does not exist)">Petit Témis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richelieu_Municipal_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richelieu Municipal Park (page does not exist)">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Wharf_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritchie Wharf Park">Ritchie Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Trail,_Greater_Moncton" title="Riverfront Trail, Greater Moncton">Riverfront Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Park,_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockwood Park, Saint John">Rockwood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sackville_Waterfowl_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sackville Waterfowl Park (page does not exist)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Point_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Point Park (page does not exist)">Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Douglas_Hazen_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Douglas Hazen Park (page does not exist)">Sir Douglas Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_New_Brunswick" title="Victoria Park, New Brunswick">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_du_Vieux_Moulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc du Vieux Moulin (page does not exist)">Vieux Moulin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilmot_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilmot Park (page does not exist)">Wilmot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">International <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Campobello_International_Park" title="Roosevelt Campobello International Park">Roosevelt Campobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island,_Maine" title="Saint Croix Island, Maine">Saint Croix Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaverbrook_Art_Gallery" title="Beaverbrook Art Gallery">Beaverbrook Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncton_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncton Museum">Moncton Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Museum" title="New Brunswick Museum">New Brunswick Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and<br /> villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Canada_navbox" title="Template:History of Canada navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Canada_navbox" title="Template talk:History of Canada navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Canada_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Canada navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">18000 BCE–1500 CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">1534–1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_under_British_rule_(1763%E2%80%931867)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada under British rule (1763–1867)">1763–1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">1867–1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">1914–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">1982–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> - (<a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_National_Historic_Significance_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)">Events of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Minutes" title="Heritage Minutes">Heritage Minutes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of Chinese immigration to Canada">Chinese immigration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_military_operations" title="List of Canadian military operations"> Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_peacekeeping_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian peacekeeping missions">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_sports" title="History of Canadian sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian women">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alberta" title="History of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_Columbia" title="History of British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manitoba" title="History of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ontario" title="History of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="History of the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nunavut" title="History of Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yukon" title="History of Yukon">Yukon</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_name_etymologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies">Name etymologies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_cities_in_Canada" title="History of cities in Canada">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brampton" title="History of Brampton">Brampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Charlottetown" title="History of Charlottetown">Charlottetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Edmonton" title="History of Edmonton">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Fredericton" title="History of Fredericton">Fredericton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Halifax_(former_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Halifax (former city)">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="History of Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lethbridge" title="History of Lethbridge">Lethbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Markham,_Ontario" title="History of Markham, Ontario">Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moncton" title="History of Moncton">Moncton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northwest_Territories_capital_cities" title="History of Northwest Territories capital cities">Northwest Territories capital cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ottawa" title="History of Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="History of Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="History of Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Richmond_Hill,_Ontario" title="History of Richmond Hill, Ontario">Richmond Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatoon" title="History of Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Toronto" title="History of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vancouver" title="History of Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Winnipeg" title="History of Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Origins_of_names_of_cities_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of names of cities in Canada">Name etymologies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_history" title="Bibliography of Canadian history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Canada" title="Category:History of Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><b> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_by_location" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NHSC" title="Template:NHSC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NHSC" title="Template talk:NHSC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NHSC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NHSC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_by_location" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a> by location</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Alberta" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_British_Columbia" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Manitoba" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_New_Brunswick" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Ontario" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Ontario">Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Kingston,_Ontario" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Niagara_Region" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Niagara Region">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Ottawa" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Quebec" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec">Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Montreal" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Quebec_City" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Nunavut" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Yukon" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844533#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844533#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007532415305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Fowler and Earle Lockerby (2009). Operations at Fort Beausejour and Grande Pre in 1755: A soldier's diary. <i>The Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society Journal</i> pp. 145–184</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beauséjour&oldid=1241476295">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Beauséjour&oldid=1241476295</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_forts_in_New_Brunswick" title="Category:Military forts in New Brunswick">Military forts in New Brunswick</a></li><li><a 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