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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_of_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition of music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definition_of_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definition of music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_first_flutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_first_flutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The first flutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_first_flutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baroque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baroque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Baroque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baroque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Classical period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Romantic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Modern times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electronic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Electronic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>Jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.3</span> <span>Pop music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Musical notation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_notation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Musical notation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solfège" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solfège"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Solfège</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solfège-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Written music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_enjoy_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_enjoy_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>How to enjoy music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_to_enjoy_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How to enjoy music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_to_enjoy_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_listening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_listening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>By listening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_listening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_playing_or_singing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_playing_or_singing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>By playing or singing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_playing_or_singing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_composing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_composing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>By composing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_composing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Music</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 232 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-232" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">232 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiek" title="Musiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Musiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%99%E1%8B%9A%E1%89%83" title="ሙዚቃ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሙዚቃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusik" title="Muusik – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Muusik" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C4%93am" title="Drēam – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Drēam" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89" title="موسيقى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسيقى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%99%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܙܡܪܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܙܡܪܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երաժշտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երաժշտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzic%C3%A2" title="Muzicâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Muzicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="সংগীত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সংগীত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupoty" title="Pupoty – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pupoty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaylliphust%27a" title="Jaylliphust'a – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jaylliphust'a" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiqi" title="Musiqi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Musiqi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="موسیقی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موسیقی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%94likan" title="Fɔlikan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fɔlikan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="সঙ্গীত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সঙ্গীত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im-ga%CC%8Dk" title="Im-ga̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Im-ga̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="संगीत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="संगीत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugtug" title="Tugtug – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tugtug" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Музика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musi" title="Musi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Musi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རོལ་དབྱངས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རོལ་དབྱངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika" title="Muzika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muzika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonerezh" title="Sonerezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sonerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Хүгжэм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүгжэм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Мусăк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мусăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musika" title="Musika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Musika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudba" title="Hudba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hudba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimhanzi" title="Mimhanzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mimhanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerddoriaeth" title="Cerddoriaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cerddoriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yila" title="Yila – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Yila" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89" title="موسيقى – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موسيقى" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musihkka" title="Musihkka – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Musihkka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%A9%DE%8C%DE%AA" title="ސަންގީތު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސަންގީތު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusika" title="Muusika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muusika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μουσική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music" title="Music – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Music" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziko" title="Muziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musika" title="Musika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Musika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="موسیقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music" title="Music – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Music" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3nleikur" title="Tónleikur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tónleikur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique" title="Musique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyk" title="Muzyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Muzyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiche" title="Musiche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Musiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceol" title="Ceol – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiaull" title="Kiaull – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiaull" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%C3%B2l" title="Ceòl – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceòl" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мукъам – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мукъам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="音樂 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="音樂" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4" title="સંગીત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંગીત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="संगीत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="संगीत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AEm-ngo%CC%8Dk" title="Yîm-ngo̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîm-ngo̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C9%97a" title="Kiɗa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kiɗa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mele" title="Mele – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mele" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երաժշտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երաժշտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="संगीत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संगीत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glazba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziko" title="Muziko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Muziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musika" title="Musika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Musika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="এলা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="এলা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atuutit" title="Atuutit – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Atuutit" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Музыкæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Музыкæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umculo" title="Umculo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umculo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umculo" title="Umculo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umculo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3nlist" title="Tónlist – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tónlist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מוזיקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minziiki" title="Minziiki – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Minziiki" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipilersorneq" title="Nipilersorneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nipilersorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4" title="ಸಂಗೀತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಗೀತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigtigan" title="Tigtigan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tigtigan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მუსიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუსიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%82%DB%8C" title="موٗسیٖقی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="موٗسیٖقی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9zyka" title="Mùzyka – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mùzyka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilow" title="Ilow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ilow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuziki" title="Umuziki – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umuziki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziki" title="Muziki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muziki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexa" title="Lexa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lexa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizik" title="Mizik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanmizik" title="Lanmizik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muz%C3%AEk" title="Muzîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muzîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiga" title="Musiga – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Musiga" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika" title="Muzika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muzika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ດົນຕີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດົນຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%ABzika" title="Mūzika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mūzika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musek" title="Musek – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Musek" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika" title="Muzika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Muzika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxica" title="Muxica – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Muxica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meziek" title="Meziek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Meziek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miz%C3%ADki" title="Mizíki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mizíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zgike" title="zgike – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zgike" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCsega" title="Müsega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Müsega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zene" title="Zene – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zene" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Музика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozika" title="Mozika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mozika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംഗീതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സംഗീതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%BCika" title="Mużika – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mużika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="संगीत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संगीत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მუსიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მუსიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="مزيكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مزيكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B3%E1%80%90" title="ဂဳတ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂဳတ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ساز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ساز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muzik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-ng%C5%8Fk" title="Ĭng-ngŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-ngŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Седямась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Седямась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Хөгжим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөгжим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90" title="ဂီတ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂီတ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlatzohtzonaliztli" title="Tlatzohtzonaliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlatzohtzonaliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivakatagi" title="Ivakatagi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ivakatagi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziek" title="Muziek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muziek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meziek" title="Meziek – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Meziek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="सङ्गीत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सङ्गीत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="संगीत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="संगीत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD" title="音楽 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音楽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museca" title="Museca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Museca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мусик – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мусик" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiik" title="Musiik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Musiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myuusik" title="Myuusik – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Myuusik" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikk" title="Musikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Musikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikk" title="Musikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Musikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BBsique" title="Mûsique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mûsique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musike" title="Musike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Musike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica" title="Musica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Musica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A4" title="ସଂଗୀତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସଂଗୀତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muuziqaa" title="Muuziqaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Muuziqaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiqa" title="Musiqa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Musiqa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4" title="ਸੰਗੀਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਗੀਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="موسیقی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موسیقی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90" title="ဂီတ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂီတ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsika" title="Músika – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Músika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%8A" title="موسیقي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موسیقي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myuuzik" title="Myuuzik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Myuuzik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="តន្ត្រី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តន្ត្រី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9sica" title="Mùsica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mùsica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyka" title="Muzyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μουσική – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μουσική" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica" title="Música – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muz%C4%B1ka" title="Muzıka – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Muzıka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiqiy" title="Musiqiy – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Musiqiy" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musick" title="Musick – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Musick" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzic%C4%83" title="Muzică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muzică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taki_kapchiy" title="Taki kapchiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Taki kapchiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музика – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Музика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%ABsika" title="Mūsika – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Mūsika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सङ्गीतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सङ्गीतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9siga/campidanesu" title="Mùsiga/campidanesu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mùsiga/campidanesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisic" title="Muisic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Muisic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmino" title="Mmino – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mmino" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika" title="Muzika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muzika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9sica" title="Mùsica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mùsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="موسيقي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موسيقي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudba" title="Hudba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hudba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasba" title="Glasba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glasba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyka" title="Muzyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Muzyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusig" title="Muusig – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Muusig" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="مۆسیقا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆسیقا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Музика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika" title="Muzika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Muzika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musiikki" title="Musiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Musik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugtugin" title="Tugtugin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tugtugin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="இசை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%BA%93awan" title="Aẓawan – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aẓawan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%BA%93awan" title="Aẓawan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aẓawan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музыка – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Музыка" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="సంగీతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంగీతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAzika" title="Múzika – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Múzika" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ดนตรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดนตรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%9B%D3%A3" title="Мусиқӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мусиқӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%83%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%9B" title="ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCzik" title="Müzik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müzik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnwom" title="Nnwom – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nnwom" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1bwomtsot" title="A̱bwomtsot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱bwomtsot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Музика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="موسیقی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موسیقی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="مۇزىكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۇزىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinhyoz" title="Yinhyoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yinhyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9zega" title="Mùzega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mùzega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Muzik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_nh%E1%BA%A1c" title="Âm nhạc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm nhạc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musig" title="Musig – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Musig" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusiga" title="Muusiga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muusiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzike" title="Muzike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Muzike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musika" title="Musika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Musika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way" title="Way – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Way" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="音乐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunanga" title="Vunanga – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vunanga" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מוזיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="音樂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="音樂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Muzik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muziek" title="Muziek – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Muziek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moz%C4%97ka" title="Mozėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mozėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="音乐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gending" title="Gending – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gending" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Muzik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musi%C7%A7i" title="Musiǧi – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Musiǧi" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q638#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Music" title="View 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg/250px-Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg/375px-Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg/500px-Music_lesson_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2421.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2952" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>A painting on an Ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Vase" title="Vase">vase</a> shows a music lesson (about 510 BC)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_(ERSO)_in_Stockholm,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg/250px-Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg/375px-Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg/500px-Estonian_National_Symphony_Orchestra_%28ERSO%29_in_Stockholm%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> Symphony Orchestra in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paco_de_Lucena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Paco_de_Lucena.jpg/250px-Paco_de_Lucena.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Paco_de_Lucena.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Paco de Lucena, 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Roma_people" title="Roma people">gypsy</a> <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitarist</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horn_Music.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Horn_Music.jpg/220px-Horn_Music.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Horn_Music.jpg/330px-Horn_Music.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Horn_Music.jpg/440px-Horn_Music.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Horn Music</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Music</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/organised" class="extiw" title="wikt:organised">organised</a> in <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a>. Music is also a form of <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> that puts sounds together in a way that people like, find interesting or <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> to. Most music includes people <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> with their voices or playing <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instruments</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drums</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass</a>. </p><p>The word <i>music</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word (<i>mousike</i>), which means "(art) of the Muses". In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> the <a href="/wiki/Muse" title="Muse">Muses</a> included the <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">goddesses</a> of music, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>. Someone who makes music is known as a <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_of_music">Definition of music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Definition of music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definition of music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music is sound that has been organized by using <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>. If someone bangs saucepans while <a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">cooking</a>, it makes noise. If a person bangs saucepans or pots in a rhythmic way, they are making a simple type of music. </p><p>There are four things which music has most of the time: </p> <ul><li>Music often has <i><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a></i>. This means high and low <a href="/wiki/Note_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Note (music)">notes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tune" class="mw-redirect" title="Tune">Tunes</a> are made of notes that go up or down or stay on the same pitch.</li> <li>Music often has <i><a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a></i>. Rhythm is the way the musical sounds and silences are put together in a sequence. Every tune has a rhythm that can be tapped. Music usually has a regular beat.</li> <li>Music often has <i><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">dynamics</a></i>. This means whether it is quiet or loud or somewhere in between.</li> <li>Music often has <i><a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a></i>. This is a French word (pronounced: "TAM-br"). The "timbre" of a sound is the way that a sound is interesting. The sort of sound might be harsh, gentle, dry, warm, or something else. Timbre is what makes a <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a> sound different from an <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>, and what makes one person's <a href="/wiki/Voice" title="Voice">voice</a> sound different from another person.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitions">Definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Definitions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Definitions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no simple definition of music which covers all cases. It is an art form, and <a href="/wiki/Opinion" title="Opinion">opinions</a> come into play. Music is whatever people think is music. A different approach is to list the qualities music must have, such as, sound which has rhythm, melody, pitch, timbre, etc. </p><p>These and other attempts, do not capture all aspects of music, or leave out examples which definitely are music. Music is a special shared relationship between a person, the persons <a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">behavior</a>, and a sounding object.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>p10</sup> Musical experience and the music, together, are called <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a>, and the activity of describing phenomena is called <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology" title="Phenomenology">phenomenology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg/230px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg/345px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg/460px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Nacht_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption>Musicians of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>, Tomb of Nakht, 18th Dynasty, Western <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Even in the <a href="/wiki/Stone_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone age">stone age</a> people made music. The first music was probably made trying to imitate sounds and rhythms that occurred naturally. Human music may echo these <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a> using <a href="/wiki/Pattern" title="Pattern">patterns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repetition" title="Repetition">repetition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonality</a>. This kind of music is still here today. <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamans</a> sometimes imitate sounds that are heard in <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-onom_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onom-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-soy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also serve as <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> (games),<sup id="cite_ref-Nattiez_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nattiez-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-desch_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-desch-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or have practical uses, like <a href="/wiki/Attraction" class="mw-disambig" title="Attraction">attracting</a> animals when <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nattiez_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nattiez-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some animals also can use music. <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">Songbirds</a> use <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a> to <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/simple:protect" class="extiw" title="wikt:simple:protect">protect</a> their <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territory</a>, or to attract a <a href="/wiki/Mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate">mate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">Monkeys</a> have been seen beating hollow logs. This may, of course, also serve to defend the territory. </p><p>The first musical instrument used by humans was probably the <a href="/wiki/Voice" title="Voice">voice</a>. The human voice can make many different kinds of sounds. The <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> (voice box) is like a <a href="/wiki/Wind_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind instruments">wind instrument</a>. </p><p>The oldest known <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyoid" title="Hyoid">hyoid</a> bone with the modern human form was found in 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that the Neanderthals had language, because the hyoid supports the voice box in the human throat.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most likely the first <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> instruments or <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion instruments">percussion instruments</a> involved the <a href="/wiki/Clapping" title="Clapping">clapping</a> of hands, stones hit together, or other things that are useful to keep a beat. There are finds of this type that date back to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic">paleolithic</a>. Some of these are ambiguous, as they can be used either as a <a href="/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">tool</a> or a musical instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_first_flutes">The first flutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: The first flutes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: The first flutes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg/220px-PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="430" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg/330px-PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg/440px-PiscalDivjeBabe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>The Divje Babe flute</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> ever discovered may be the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divje_Babe_flute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divje Babe flute (not yet started)">Divje Babe flute</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> cave Divje Babe I in 1995. It is not certain that it is really a flute.<sup id="cite_ref-Derrico_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derrico-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The item in question is a piece of the <a href="/wiki/Femur" title="Femur">femur</a> of a young cave <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>, and is about 43,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, whether it is a musical instrument or just a bone that got chewed on is an ongoing debate.<sup id="cite_ref-Derrico_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derrico-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologists</a> discovered a bone flute in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohle_Fels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohle Fels (not yet started)">Hohle Fels</a> cave near <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a <a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">vulture</a> wing bone. The discovery is the oldest confirmed find of any musical instrument in history.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other flutes were also found in the cave. This flute was found next to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venus of Hohle Fels (not yet started)">Venus of Hohle Fels</a> and a short distance from the oldest known human carving.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they announced their discovery in 2009, the scientists suggested that the find showed that there was a well-established musical tradition when humans colonized Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest known wooden pipes were discovered near <a href="/wiki/Greystones" title="Greystones">Greystones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, in 2004. A wood-lined pit contained a group of six flutes made from yew wood, between 30 and 50 cm long, tapered at one end, but without any finger holes. They may once have been strapped together.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986 several bone flutes were found in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiahu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiahu (not yet started)">Jiahu</a> in Henan Province, China. They date to about 6,000 BC. They have between 5 and 8 holes each and were made from the hollow bones of a bird, the <a href="/wiki/Red-crowned_Crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-crowned Crane">Red-crowned Crane</a>. At the time of the discovery, one was still playable. The bone flute plays both the five- or seven-note scale of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xia_Zhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xia Zhi (not yet started)">Xia Zhi</a> and six-note scale of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qing_Shang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qing Shang (not yet started)">Qing Shang</a> of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Chinese_musical_system" title="Chinese musical system">Chinese musical system</a>. </p> <div align="centre"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Periods in music history </th> <th>Dates </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prehistoric_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prehistoric music (not yet started)">Prehistoric music</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient music (not yet started)">Ancient music</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical period (music)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/20th_century_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century classical music">Modern period</a> </p> </td> <td>(before <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a>) <br />(before 350) <br />About 350-1400<br />1400–1600<br />1600–1750<br /> <p>1740–1820<br />1820–1900<br />1900-today </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Ancient times" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ancient times"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known what the earliest human music was like. Some <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">paintings</a> are thousands of years old, but old music could not survive until people learned to write it down. The only way we can guess about early music is by looking at very old paintings that show people playing musical instruments, or by finding instruments in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> digs (digging underground to find old things). The earliest piece of music that was ever written down and that has not been lost was discovered on a tablet written in <a href="/wiki/Hurrians" title="Hurrians">Hurrian</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> spoken in and around northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (where Iraq is today), from about 1500 BC. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Middle Ages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Middle Ages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another surviving piece of early written music was a <a href="/wiki/Round_(music)" title="Round (music)">round</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Sumer_Is_Icumen_In" title="Sumer Is Icumen In">Sumer Is Icumen In</a></i>. It was written down by a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> around the year 1250. Much of the music in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> (roughly 450-1420) was <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> played by working people who wanted to sing or dance. When people played instruments, they were usually playing for dancers. However, most of the music that was written down was for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Catholic church</a>. This music was written for monks to sing in church. It is called Chant (or <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance">Renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Renaissance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Renaissance"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> (roughly 1400–1550) there was a lot of music, and many composers wrote music that has survived so that it can be performed, played or sung today. Many new types of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> and music was made during this time. </p><p>Some music was written for use in church services (sacred music) by the Italian composer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni da Palestrina">Giovanni da Palestrina</a> (1525–1594). In Palestrina's music, many singers sing together (this is called a <a href="/wiki/Choir_(music)" title="Choir (music)">choir</a>). There was also plenty of music not written for the church, such as happy <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> and romantic love songs. Popular instruments during the Renaissance included the <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viols</a> (a <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instrument</a> played with a <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lutes</a> (a plucked stringed instrument that is a little like a <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Virginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginal">virginal</a>, a small, quiet <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instrument</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baroque">Baroque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Baroque" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Baroque"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Baroque (roughly 1600–1740) was a Western cultural era. It emphasised drama and splendor in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In music, the term 'Baroque' applies to the final period of dominance of imitative counterpoint, where different voices and instruments echo each other but at different pitches, sometimes inverting the echo, and even reversing thematic material. </p><p>The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement. The upper class also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control. Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulence. In similar profusions of detail, art, music, architecture, and literature inspired each other in the Baroque cultural movement as artists explored what they could create from repeated and varied patterns. Some traits and aspects of Baroque paintings that differentiate this style from others are the abundant amount of details, often bright polychromy, less realistic faces of subjects, and an overall sense of awe, which was one of the goals in Baroque art. </p><p>The word baroque probably derives from the ancient Portuguese noun "barroco"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable and elaborate shape. Hence, in informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate", with many details, without reference to the Baroque styles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_period">Classical period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Classical period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Classical period"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In western music, the <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">classical period</a> means music from about 1750 to 1825. It was the time of composers like <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>. Orchestras became bigger, and composers often wrote longer pieces of music called <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphonies</a> that had several sections (called <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a>). Some movements of a symphony were loud and fast; other movements were quiet and sad. The form of a piece of music was very important at this time. Music had to have a nice 'shape'. They often used a structure which was called <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a>. </p><p>Another important type of music was the <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a>, which is a piece of music written for two <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoncello">violoncello</a>. Like symphonies, string quartet music had several sections. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven each wrote many famous string quartets. </p><p>The piano was invented during this time. Composers liked the piano, because it could be used to play dynamics (getting louder or getting softer). Other popular instruments included the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Violoncello" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoncello">violoncello</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romantic_period">Romantic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Romantic period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Romantic period"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 19th century is called the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic period</a>. Composers were particularly interested in conveying their emotions through music. An important instrument from the Romantic period was the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>. Some composers, such as <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Chopin">Frederic Chopin</a> wrote subdued, expressive, quietly emotional piano pieces. Often music described a feeling or told a story using sounds. Other composers, such as <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a> wrote songs for a singer and a piano player called <a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lied</a> (the German word for "song"). These Lieder (plural of Lied) told stories by using the <a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">lyrics</a> (words) of the song and by the imaginative piano <a href="/wiki/Accompaniment_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Accompaniment (music)">accompaniments</a>. Other composers, like Richard Strauss, and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> created narratives and told stories using only music, which is called a tone poem. Composers, such as <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> used the piano to play loud, dramatic, strongly emotional music. </p><p>Many composers began writing music for bigger orchestras, with as many as 100 instruments. It was the period of "<a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a>" (the feeling of being proud of one's country) when many composers made music using <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folksong</a> or melodies from their country. Lots of famous composers lived at this time such as <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Chopin">Frederic Chopin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tchaikovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyotr Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Tchaikovsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Modern times" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Modern times"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From about 1900 onwards is called the "modern period". Many <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> composers wanted to compose music that sounded different from the Classical and Romantic music. Modern composers searched for new ideas, such as using new instruments, different forms, different sounds, or different <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonies</a>. </p><p>The composer <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> (1874–1951) wrote pieces which were <a href="/wiki/Atonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonal">atonal</a> (meaning that they did not sound as if they were in any clear musical key). Later, Schoenberg invented a new system for writing music called <a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-tone system">twelve-tone system</a>. Music written with the twelve-tone system sounds strange to some, but is mathematical in nature, often making sense only after careful study. Pure twelve-tone music was popular among academics in the fifties and sixties, but some composers such as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> use it today, when it is necessary to get a certain feel. </p><p>One of the most important 20th-century composers, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> (1882–1971), wrote music with very complicated (difficult) <a href="/wiki/Chord" title="Chord">chords</a> (groups of notes that are played together) and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythms</a>. Some composers thought music was getting too complicated and so they wrote <a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalist</a> pieces which use very simple ideas. In the 1950s and 1960s, composers such as <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> experimented with <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, using electronic circuits, <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeakers</a>. In the 1970s, composers began using electronic synthesizers and musical instruments from <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> music, such as the <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a>. They used these new instruments to make new sounds. </p><p>Composers writing in the 1990s and the 2000s, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(composer)" title="John Adams (composer)">John Adams</a> (born 1947) and <a href="/wiki/James_MacMillan" title="James MacMillan">James MacMillan</a> (born 1959) often use a mixture of all these ideas, but they like to write <a href="/wiki/Tonality" title="Tonality">tonal</a> music with easy tunes as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electronic_music">Electronic music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Electronic music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Electronic music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music can be produced electronically. This is most commonly done by computers, keyboards, electric guitars and disk tables. They can mimic traditional instruments, and also produce very different sounds. 21st-century electronic music is commonly made with computer programs and hardware mixers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jazz">Jazz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Jazz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Jazz"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> is a type of music that was invented around 1900 in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a> in the south of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>. There were many black musicians living there who played a style of music called <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> music. Blues music was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> music (because the black people in the United States had come to the United States as <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a>. They were taken from Africa by force). Blues music was a music that was played by singing, using the harmonica, or the acoustic guitar. Many blues songs had sad lyrics about sad emotions (feelings) or sad experiences, such as losing a job, a family member dying, or having to go to <a href="/wiki/Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Jail">jail</a> (prison). </p><p>Jazz music mixed together blues music with <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> music. Some black composers such as <a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> were writing music called <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a>, which had a very different rhythm from standard European music, but used notes that were similar to some European music. Ragtime was a big influence on early jazz, called Dixieland jazz. Jazz musicians used instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a> were used for the tunes (melodies), drums for <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a> and plucked <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> for the background rhythm (rhythmic section). Jazz is usually <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvised</a>: the players make up (invent) the music as they play. Even though jazz musicians are making up the music, jazz music still has <a href="/wiki/Rule" class="mw-disambig" title="Rule">rules</a>; the musicians play a series of chords (groups of notes) in order. </p><p>Jazz music has a swinging rhythm. The word "swing" is hard to explain. For a rhythm to be a "swinging rhythm" it has to feel natural and relaxed. Swing rhythm is not even like a march. There is a long-short feel instead of a same-same feel. A "swinging rhythm" also gets the people who are listening excited, because they like the sound of it. Some people say that a "swinging rhythm" happens when all the jazz musicians start to feel the same pulse and energy from the song. If a jazz band plays very well together, people will say "that is a swinging jazz band" or "that band really swings well." </p><p>Jazz influenced other types of music like the <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Western art music</a> from the 1920s and 1930s. Art music composers such as <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> wrote music that was influenced by jazz. Jazz music influenced <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> songs. In the 1930s and 1940s, many pop music songs began using chords or melodies from jazz songs. One of the best known jazz musicians was <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> (1900–1971). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pop_music">Pop music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Pop music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Pop music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></div> <p>"Pop" music is a type of <i>popular</i> music that many people like to listen to. The term "pop music" can be used for all kinds of music that was written to be popular. The word "pop music" was used from about 1880 onwards, when a type of music called music was popular. </p><p>Modern pop music grew out of 1950's <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, (for example <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> (for example <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_7,_12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_7,_12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> became a famous pop music group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_27-28,_35,_39_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_27-28,_35,_39-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, other styles of music were mixed with pop music, such as <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>. Pop music generally has a heavy (strong) beat, so that it is good for dancing. Pop singers normally sing with microphones that are plugged into an <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeaker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_notation">Musical notation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Musical notation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Musical notation"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">Musical notation</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart_k545_opening.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Mozart_k545_opening.png" decoding="async" width="343" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a> : </i>First movement of the piano sonata K545<i> – an example of writing music in <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staffs</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>"Musical notation" is the way music is written down. Music needs to be written down in order to be saved and remembered for future performances. In this way composers (people who write music) can tell others how to play the musical piece as it was meant to be played. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solfège"><span id="Solf.C3.A8ge"></span>Solfège</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Solfège" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Solfège"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solfège (sometimes called solfa) is the way tones are named. It was made in order to give a name to the several tones and pitches. For example, the eight basic notes "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La, Ti, Do" are just the names of the eight notes that confirm the <a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">major scale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Written_music">Written music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Written music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Written music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music can be written in several ways. When it is written on a <a href="/wiki/Staff_(music)" title="Staff (music)">staff</a> (like in the example shown), the pitches (tones) and their duration are represented by symbols called <a href="/wiki/Note_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Note (music)">notes</a>. Notes are put on the lines and in the spaces between the lines. Each position says which tone must be played. The higher the note is on the staff, the higher the pitch of the tone. The lower the notes are, the lower the pitch. The duration of the notes (how long they are played for) is shown by making the note "heads" black or white, and by giving them stems and flags. </p><p>Music can also be written with letters, naming them as in the solfa "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La, Ti, Do" or representing them by letters. The next table shows how each note of the solfa is represented in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Notation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Notation (not yet started)">Standard Notation</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Solfa Name</th> <th>Standard Notation </th></tr> <tr> <td>Do</td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr> <td>Re</td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mi</td> <td>E </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fa</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td>So</td> <td>G </td></tr> <tr> <td>La</td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ti</td> <td>B </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Standard Notation was made to simplify the lecture of music notes, although it is mostly used to represent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chord_(Music)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chord (Music) (not yet started)">chords</a> and the names of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scale_(Music)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scale (Music) (not yet started)">music scales</a>. </p><p>These ways to represent music ease the way a person reads music. There are more ways to write and represent music, but they are less known and may be more complicated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_to_enjoy_music">How to enjoy music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: How to enjoy music" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: How to enjoy music"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_listening">By listening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: By listening" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: By listening"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People can enjoy music by listening to it. They can go to <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a> to hear musicians perform. <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical music</a> is usually performed in <a href="/wiki/Concert_hall" title="Concert hall">concert halls</a>, but sometimes huge festivals are organized in which it is performed outside, in a field or stadium, like pop festivals. People can listen to music on <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD's</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC" class="mw-redirect" title="PC">Computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, cassette/record-players and even <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">mobile phones</a>. </p><p>There is so much music today, in <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a>, shopping <a href="/wiki/Mall" title="Mall">malls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shop" title="Shop">stores</a>, that it often becomes a background sound that we do not really hear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_playing_or_singing">By playing or singing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Change section: By playing or singing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: By playing or singing"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People can learn to play an instrument. Probably the most common for complete beginners is the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> or <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Recorder" title="Recorder">recorder</a> (which is certainly the cheapest to buy). After they have learnt to play <a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">scales</a>, play simple <a href="/wiki/Tune" class="mw-redirect" title="Tune">tunes</a> and read the simplest <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>, then they can think about which instrument for further development. They should choose an instrument that is practical for their size. For example, a very short child cannot play a full size <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, because the double bass is over five feet high. People should choose an instrument that they enjoy playing, because playing regularly is the only way to get better. Finally, it helps to have a good <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teacher</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_composing">By composing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Change section: By composing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: By composing"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anyone can make up their own pieces of music. It is not difficult to compose simple songs or melodies (tunes). It's easier for people who can play an instrument themselves. All it takes is experimenting with the sounds that an instrument makes. Someone can make up a piece that tells a story, or just find a nice tune and think about ways it can be changed each time it is repeated. The instrument might be someone's own voice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div>   <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz music</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_music" title="Cuban music">Cuban music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">Scale (music)</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Clifton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clifton_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifton, Thomas. 1983. Music as heard: a study in applied phenomenology. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-02091-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-02091-0">0-300-02091-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onom-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-onom_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808082100/http://dasa.baua.de/nn_35984/sid_2C8A99B3F31A58C62BBE3312986DC568/nsc_true/de/Presse/Pressematerialien/Sonderausstellung_20Macht_20Musik/Schamanen-Musik.pdf">"Hoppál 2006: 143"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dasa.baua.de/nn_35984/sid_2C8A99B3F31A58C62BBE3312986DC568/nsc_true/de/Presse/Pressematerialien/Sonderausstellung_20Macht_20Musik/Schamanen-Musik.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopp%C3%A1l+2006%3A+143&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdasa.baua.de%2Fnn_35984%2Fsid_2C8A99B3F31A58C62BBE3312986DC568%2Fnsc_true%2Fde%2FPresse%2FPressematerialien%2FSonderausstellung_20Macht_20Musik%2FSchamanen-Musik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-soy_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diószegi 1960: 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nattiez-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nattiez_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nattiez_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nattiez, Jean-Jacques. 1990. <i>Music and discourse: toward a semiology of music</i>. Translated by Carolyn Abbate. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09136-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09136-6">0-691-09136-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-desch-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-desch_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/inuit.htm">"Inuit Throat-Singing"</a>. <i>www.mustrad.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mustrad.org.uk&rft.atitle=Inuit+Throat-Singing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustrad.org.uk%2Farticles%2Finuit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFB._Arensburg,_A.M._Tillier,_B._Vandermeersch,_H._Duday,_L.A._Schepartz_&_Y._Rak1989" class="citation journal cs1">B. Arensburg, A.M. Tillier, B. Vandermeersch, H. Duday, L.A. Schepartz & Y. Rak (April 1989). "A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone". <i>Nature</i>. <b>338</b> (6218): 758–760. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Natur.338..758A">1989Natur.338..758A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F338758a0">10.1038/338758a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2716823">2716823</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4309147">4309147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+Middle+Palaeolithic+human+hyoid+bone&rft.volume=338&rft.issue=6218&rft.pages=758-760&rft.date=1989-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4309147%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Natur.338..758A&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F338758a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2716823&rft.au=B.+Arensburg%2C+A.M.+Tillier%2C+B.+Vandermeersch%2C+H.+Duday%2C+L.A.+Schepartz+%26+Y.+Rak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McClarnon A.M. & Hewitt G.P. 1999. The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control. <i>Am. J. Phys. Anthropology</i> <b>109</b>, 341–363 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10407464">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Morley2003" class="citation web cs1">Ian Morley (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070418014506/http://www.dar.cam.ac.uk/dcrr/dcrr002.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Evolutionary Origins and Archaeology of Music"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar.cam.ac.uk/dcrr/dcrr002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Evolutionary+Origins+and+Archaeology+of+Music&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Ian+Morley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dar.cam.ac.uk%2Fdcrr%2Fdcrr002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derrico-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Derrico_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Derrico_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFd'Errico,_Francesco,_Paola_Villa,_Ana_C._Pinto_Llona,_and_Rosa_Ruiz_Idarraga1998" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">d'Errico, Francesco, Paola Villa, Ana C. Pinto Llona, and Rosa Ruiz Idarraga (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121222185850/http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/072/Ant0720065.htm">"A Middle Palaeolithic origin of music? Using cave-bear bone accumulations to assess the Divje Babe I bone 'flute'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. 72 (March) (275): 65–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00086282">10.1017/S0003598X00086282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55161909">55161909</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/072/Ant0720065.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Abstract)</span> on December 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=A+Middle+Palaeolithic+origin+of+music%3F+Using+cave-bear+bone+accumulations+to+assess+the+Divje+Babe+I+bone+%27flute%27&rft.volume=72+%28March%29&rft.issue=275&rft.pages=65-79&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00086282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55161909%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=d%27Errico%2C+Francesco%2C+Paola+Villa%2C+Ana+C.+Pinto+Llona%2C+and+Rosa+Ruiz+Idarraga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquity.ac.uk%2Fant%2F072%2FAnt0720065.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTenenbaum,_David2000" class="citation web cs1">Tenenbaum, David (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kinjomusic.com/2023/06/neanderthal-jam.html">"Neanderthal jam"</a>. <i>Kinjo Music</i>. University of Wisconsin, Board of Regents<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kinjo+Music&rft.atitle=Neanderthal+jam&rft.date=2000-06&rft.au=Tenenbaum%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinjomusic.com%2F2023%2F06%2Fneanderthal-jam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cogweb.ucla.edu/ep/FluteDebate.html">Flute History</a>, UCLA. Retrieved June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWilford2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wilford, John N. (June 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/science/25flute.html">"Flutes offer clues to Stone-Age music"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <b>459</b> (7244): 248–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07995">10.1038/nature07995</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19444215">19444215</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205216692">205216692</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Flutes+offer+clues+to+Stone-Age+music&rft.volume=459&rft.issue=7244&rft.pages=248-252&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205216692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19444215&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature07995&rft.aulast=Wilford&rft.aufirst=John+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F25%2Fscience%2F25flute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/news/aelteste-floete-vom-hohle-fels/999323">"Schwäbische Alb: Älteste Flöte vom Hohle Fels"</a>. <i>www.spektrum.de</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spektrum.de&rft.atitle=Schw%C3%A4bische+Alb%3A+%C3%84lteste+Fl%C3%B6te+vom+Hohle+Fels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spektrum.de%2Fnews%2Faelteste-floete-vom-hohle-fels%2F999323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8117915.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Oldest musical instrument' found"</a>. BBC news. 2009-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Oldest+musical+instrument%27+found&rft.pub=BBC+news&rft.date=2009-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F8117915.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626032243/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/06/24/1976108.aspx">"Music for cavemen"</a>. MSMBC. 2009-06-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/06/24/1976108.aspx">the original</a> on June 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Music+for+cavemen&rft.pub=MSMBC&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com%2Farchive%2F2009%2F06%2F24%2F1976108.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/science/25flute.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss">"Flutes Offer Clues to Stone-Age Music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 2009-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Flutes+Offer+Clues+to+Stone-Age+Music&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F25%2Fscience%2F25flute.html%3F_r%3D1%26partner%3Drss%26emc%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040522045918/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s1105308.htm">http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s1105308.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWard2001" class="citation book cs1">Ward, John Owen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.25033"><i>Scholes, Percy A(lfred)</i></a>. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.25033">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.25033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scholes%2C+Percy+A%28lfred%29&rft.series=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.25033&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=John+Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.25033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFargis1998" class="citation book cs1">Fargis, Paul (1998). <i>The New York Public Library Desk Reference</i> (third ed.). New York: Macmillan General Reference. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-862169-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-862169-7"><bdi>0-02-862169-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Public+Library+Desk+Reference&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=262&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=Macmillan+General+Reference&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-02-862169-7&rft.aulast=Fargis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>OED</i> Online. Accessed 6 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1969" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/search/?fq=str_title_serial%3A%22The+Pop+Chronicles+%28John+Gilliland+Collection%29%22&sort=date_a&start=4">"Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(audio)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a></i>. Digital.library.unt.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Hail%2C+Hail%2C+Rock+%27n%27+Roll&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fsearch%2F%3Ffq%3Dstr_title_serial%253A%2522The%2BPop%2BChronicles%2B%2528John%2BGilliland%2BCollection%2529%2522%26sort%3Ddate_a%26start%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMusic" class="Z3988"></span> Shows 5, 3, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_7,_12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_7,_12_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, shows 7, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_27-28,_35,_39-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliland1969shows_27-28,_35,_39_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilliland1969">Gilliland 1969</a>, shows 27-28, 35, 39.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Change section: Books" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Books"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Oxfords Companion to Music, ed. Percy Scholes, London 1970</li> <li>The New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, London 1980</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"><div style="clear:both;">Find more about<br /><b>Music</b><br />at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Music">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Commons"><img alt="Search Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Music">Media</a> from Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Wikinews"><img alt="Search Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Music">News stories</a> from Wikinews </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Music">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Music">Source texts</a> from Wikisource </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" title="Search Wikibooks"><img alt="Search Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Music" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Music">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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