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Korea Utara - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembagian_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pembagian Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perang_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Perang Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_ke-20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_ke-20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Abad ke-20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_ke-20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_ke-21" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_ke-21"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Abad ke-21</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_ke-21-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pembagian administratif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_luar_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hubungan luar negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Militer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ekonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perdagangan_luar_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perdagangan_luar_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Perdagangan luar negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perdagangan_luar_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pariwisata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pariwisata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pariwisata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pariwisata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Transportasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bahasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesehatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesehatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kesehatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesehatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kota-kota_besar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kota-kota_besar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Kota-kota besar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kota-kota_besar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Budaya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Olahraga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olahraga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Olahraga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olahraga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masyarakat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masyarakat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Masyarakat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masyarakat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hak_asasi_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hak_asasi_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Hak asasi manusia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hak_asasi_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultus_individu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultus_individu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Kultus individu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultus_individu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyatuan_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyatuan_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Penyatuan Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyatuan_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Korea Utara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 258 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-258" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">258 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A9%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Аҩадатәи Кореиа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҩадатәи Кореиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A8a_Utara" title="Korèa Utara – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Korèa Utara" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9C%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ስሜን ኮርያ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስሜን ኮርያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%27o_Norte" title="Corea d&#039;o Norte – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Corea d&#039;o Norte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%BEcorea" title="Norþcorea – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norþcorea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كوريا الشمالية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كوريا الشمالية – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كوريا الشماليه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوريا الشماليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimali_Koreya" title="Şimali Koreya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimali Koreya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="قوزئی کوره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوزئی کوره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Корея Халыҡ-Демократик Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корея Халыҡ-Демократик Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Koréa Kalér – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Koréa Kalér" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noadkorea" title="Noadkorea – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Noadkorea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Kuoriej%C4%97" title="Šiaurės Kuoriejė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šiaurės Kuoriejė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanan_na_Korea" title="Amihanan na Korea – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Amihanan na Korea" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Карэя – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночная Карэя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карэйская Народна-Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карэйская Народна-Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Lor" title="Koréa Lor – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Koréa Lor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Северна Корея – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северна Корея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Koria" title="Not Koria – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Not Koria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" title="ကိုးရီးယားခမ်းထင်ꩻ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကိုးရီးယားခမ်းထင်ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তর কোরিয়া – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর কোরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Poblel_ha_Demokratel_Korea" title="Republik Poblel ha Demokratel Korea – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Poblel ha Demokratel Korea" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%95_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%91" title="ᨀᨚᨑᨙᨕ ᨕᨘᨈᨑ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨚᨑᨙᨕ ᨕᨘᨈᨑ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Хойто Солонгос – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто Солонгос" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A8u-si%C4%93ng_M%C3%ACng-ci%C5%8D-ci%C5%8D-ngi%C3%AA_%C3%8Cng-m%C3%ACng_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейн Халкъан-Демократин Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корейн Халкъан-Демократин Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanang_Koreya" title="Amihanang Koreya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amihanang Koreya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کۆریای باکوور – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆریای باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Demokratik_Halq_Cumhuriyeti" title="Koreya Demokratik Halq Cumhuriyeti – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Koreya Demokratik Halq Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Korea" title="Severní Korea – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní Korea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2reja%C5%84sk%C3%B4_L%C3%ABdow%C3%B2-Demokratn%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùblika – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Корєиска Народьна Димократїꙗ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Корєиска Народьна Димократїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Корей Халӑх Демократиллӗ Республики – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Корей Халӑх Демократиллӗ Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogledd_Corea" title="Gogledd Corea – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gogledd Corea" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koryay_Z%C4%B1mey" title="Koryay Zımey – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koryay Zımey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dpo%C5%82nocna_Koreja" title="Pódpołnocna Koreja – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołnocna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Koibutan" title="Korea Koibutan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Korea Koibutan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA_%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%A7" title="އުތުރު ކޮރެއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުތުރު ކޮރެއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1" title="Βόρεια Κορέα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόρεια Κορέα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Koreio" title="Nord-Koreio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nord-Koreio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norte" title="Corea del Norte – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Korea" title="Põhja-Korea – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Korea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Korea" title="Ipar Korea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Korea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Norti" title="Corea del Norti – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Corea del Norti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کره شمالی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کره شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_demokraattinen_kansantasavalta" title="Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5h%27a-Korea" title="Põh&#039;a-Korea – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põh&#039;a-Korea" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urkorea" title="Norðurkorea – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norðurkorea" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord" title="Corée du Nord – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corée du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a_de_Bise" title="Corèa de Bise – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Corèa de Bise" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuurdkorea" title="Nuurdkorea – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nuurdkorea" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coree_dal_Nord" title="Coree dal Nord – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Coree dal Nord" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noard-Kore%C3%A4" title="Noard-Koreä – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noard-Koreä" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%B3ir%C3%A9_Thuaidh" title="An Chóiré Thuaidh – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóiré Thuaidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poyraz_Koreya" title="Poyraz Koreya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Poyraz Koreya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9_di_N%C3%B2" title="Koré di Nò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Koré di Nò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coir%C3%A8a_a_Tuath" title="Coirèa a Tuath – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coirèa a Tuath" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_do_Norte" title="Corea do Norte – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corea do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvate_Kor%C3%A9a" title="Yvate Koréa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvate Koréa" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ઉત્તર કોરિયા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉત્તર કોરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chorea_Twoaie" title="Yn Chorea Twoaie – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chorea Twoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koriya_ta_Arewa" title="Koriya ta Arewa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Koriya ta Arewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AAu-si%C3%A9n_M%C3%ACn-ch%C3%BA-ch%C3%BA-ngi_Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chêu-sién Mìn-chú-chú-ngi Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chêu-sién Mìn-chú-chú-ngi Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dlea_%CA%BB%C4%80kau" title="Kōlea ʻĀkau – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kōlea ʻĀkau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קוריאה הצפונית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריאה הצפונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerna_Koreja" title="Sewjerna Koreja – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_din%C3%B2" title="Kore dinò – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kore dinò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Korea" title="Észak-Korea – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Korea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1" title="Հյուսիսային Կորեա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Կորեա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%A1" title="Հիւսիսային Քորէա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հիւսիսային Քորէա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salli%C3%B1iq_Kuriaq" title="Salliñiq Kuriaq – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Salliñiq Kuriaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amianan_a_Korea" title="Amianan a Korea – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Amianan a Korea" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-K%C3%B3rea" title="Norður-Kórea – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Kórea" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%AF%E1%95%86%E1%90%83_%E1%90%85%E1%90%8A%E1%96%95%E1%93%87%E1%96%93%E1%93%82" title="ᑯᕆᐃ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑯᕆᐃ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naat_Koria" title="Naat Koria – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Naat Koria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/berti_zei_.tcosyn" title="berti zei .tcosyn – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="berti zei .tcosyn" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Lor" title="Koréa Lor – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Koréa Lor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთი კორეა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთი კორეა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Xal%C4%B1q_Demokratiyal%C4%B1q_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Respublikası – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurya_n_Ugafa" title="Kurya n Ugafa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kurya n Ugafa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Корей Лъэпкъ Демократ Республикэ – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Корей Лъэпкъ Демократ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooree_Hay%C9%A9_Ki%C5%8B" title="Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kworiya_A%CC%B1za" title="Kworiya A̱za – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kworiya A̱za" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangu_ya_Node" title="Hangu ya Node – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Hangu ya Node" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Liba" title="Korea Liba – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Korea Liba" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Солтүстік Корея – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Корея" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84" title="កូរ៉េខាងជើង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កូរ៉េខាងជើង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರಿಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="조선민주주의인민공화국 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조선민주주의인민공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корей Халкъ-Демократ Республика – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Корей Халкъ-Демократ Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8F%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A0_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شُمألؠ کوریا – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="شُمألؠ کوریا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%AAya_Bakur" title="Korêya Bakur – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Korêya Bakur" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корея Войтыр Демократия Республика – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Корея Войтыр Демократия Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Gledh" title="Korea Gledh – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Korea Gledh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Корей Эл-Демократиялык Республикасы – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Корей Эл-Демократиялык Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_popularis_democratica_Coreana" title="Res publica popularis democratica Coreana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica popularis democratica Coreana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_del_Nord" title="Korea del Nord – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Korea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratesch_Volleksrepublik_Korea" title="Demokratesch Volleksrepublik Korea – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Demokratesch Volleksrepublik Korea" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кореядин Халкьдинни-Демократиядин Республика – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кореядин Халкьдинни-Демократиядин Республика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_Norde" title="Corea Norde – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Corea Norde" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_do_Nord" title="Corea do Nord – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Corea do Nord" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_dl_Nord" title="Corea dl Nord – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Corea dl Nord" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Corea del Nòrd – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Corea del Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9_ya_Nola" title="Koré ya Nola – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Koré ya Nola" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD" title="ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີເໜືອ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີເໜືອ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Kor%C4%97ja" title="Šiaurės Korėja – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Korėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCkoreja" title="Ziemeļkoreja – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļkoreja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4rea_Avaratra" title="Kôrea Avaratra – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôrea Avaratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Йӱдвел Корей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел Корей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Drea-ki-te-raki" title="Kōrea-ki-te-raki – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kōrea-ki-te-raki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Кореја – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северна Кореја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ഉത്തര കൊറിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉത്തര കൊറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Умард Солонгос – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард Солонгос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_ta%27_Fuq" title="Korea ta&#039; Fuq – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Korea ta&#039; Fuq" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_de_l_Norte" title="Coreia de l Norte – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Coreia de l Norte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မြောက်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြောက်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="شمالی کره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی کره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%22o_Nord" title="Corea d&quot;o Nord – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Corea d&quot;o Nord" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordkorea" title="Noordkorea – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Noordkorea" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तर कोरिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उत्तर कोरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Korea" title="Nord Korea – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nord Korea" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hook%C7%ABsj%C3%AD_Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah_Y%C3%A1zh%C3%AD" title="Náhookǫsjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náhookǫsjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Corèa del Nòrd – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corèa del Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjas-Korea" title="Pohjas-Korea – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pohjas-Korea" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooriyaa_Kaabaa" title="Kooriyaa Kaabaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kooriyaa Kaabaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଉତ୍ତର କୋରିଆ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉତ୍ତର କୋରିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Цæгат Корей – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Корей" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulung_Korea" title="Pangulung Korea – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pangulung Korea" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nort_Korea" title="Nort Korea – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nort Korea" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_dech_Nord" title="Corée dech Nord – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Corée dech Nord" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koriya" title="North Koriya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="North Koriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocna" title="Korea Północna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Korea Północna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%A9a_d%C3%ABl_N%C3%B2rd" title="Coréa dël Nòrd – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Coréa dël Nòrd" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی کوریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شمالی کوریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شمالي کوريا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي کوريا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_do_Norte" title="Coreia do Norte – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coreia do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchay_Kuriya" title="Chinchay Kuriya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chinchay Kuriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordutni_Koreya" title="Nordutni Koreya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Nordutni Koreya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreea_de_Nord" title="Coreea de Nord – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coreea de Nord" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корейска Людова Демократична Република – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Корейска Людова Демократична Република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_y%E2%80%99Amajyaruguru" title="Koreya y’Amajyaruguru – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Koreya y’Amajyaruguru" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="उत्तरकोरिया – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरकोरिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кэриэйэ Норуотун Демократическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кэриэйэ Норуотун Демократическэй Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_de_su_Norte" title="Corea de su Norte – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Corea de su Norte" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_d%C3%BB_Nord" title="Corea dû Nord – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Corea dû Nord" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اتر ڪوريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اتر ڪوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davvi-Korea" title="Davvi-Korea – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Davvi-Korea" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverna_Koreja" title="Sjeverna Koreja – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeverna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurya_n_i%E1%BA%93%E1%BA%93lm%E1%B8%8D" title="Kurya n iẓẓlmḍ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kurya n iẓẓlmḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵၢဝ်းလီႁွင်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵၢဝ်းလီႁွင်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="උතුරු කොරියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උතුරු කොරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3rejsk%C3%A1_%C4%BEudovodemokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_Koreja" title="Severna Koreja – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Severna Koreja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tave-Korea" title="Tave-Korea – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tave-Korea" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqooyiga_Kuuriya" title="Waqooyiga Kuuriya – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Waqooyiga Kuuriya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreja_e_Veriut" title="Koreja e Veriut – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koreja e Veriut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Северна Кореја – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северна Кореја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondroben-Korea" title="Ondroben-Korea – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ondroben-Korea" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhoriya_leseNyakatfo" title="IKhoriya leseNyakatfo – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhoriya leseNyakatfo" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A9a_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Koréa Kalér – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Koréa Kalér" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkorea" title="Nordkorea – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nordkorea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Kaskazini" title="Korea Kaskazini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Korea Kaskazini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AF%C5%82nocno_Koryjo" title="Půłnocno Koryjo – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Půłnocno Koryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="வட கொரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வட கொரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea,_north" title="Korea, north – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Korea, north" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%B4" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥝᥰ ᥘᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఉత్తర కొరియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్తర కొరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreia_Norte" title="Koreia Norte – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Koreia Norte" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D3%A3-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Ҷумҳурии Халқӣ-Демократии Корея – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Халқӣ-Демократии Корея" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore%C3%BDa_Halk-Demokratik_Respublikasy" title="Koreýa Halk-Demokratik Respublikasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Koreýa Halk-Demokratik Respublikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilagang_Korea" title="Hilagang Korea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hilagang Korea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C9%99son%C9%99_Korej%C9%99" title="Kobəsonə Korejə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kobəsonə Korejə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dlea_Tokelau" title="Kōlea Tokelau – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kōlea Tokelau" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Koria" title="Not Koria – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Not Koria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Kore" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Корея Халык Демократик Җөмһүрияте – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корея Халык Демократик Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="North Korea" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Соңгу Көрей – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Соңгу Көрей" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Корея Калык-Демократи Республика – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Корея Калык-Демократи Республика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B4%D9%8A%DB%95%D9%86" title="شىمالىي چاۋشيەن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي چاۋشيەن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Північна Корея – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна Корея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی کوریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمالی کوریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreya_Xalq_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejan_Rahvahali%C5%BE-Demokratine_Tazovaldkund" title="Korejan Rahvahaliž-Demokratine Tazovaldkund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Korejan Rahvahaliž-Demokratine Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol%C3%BCda-Korey%C3%A4n" title="Nolüda-Koreyän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nolüda-Koreyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%AAye_bijhrece" title="Corêye bijhrece – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Corêye bijhrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amihanan_nga_Korea" title="Amihanan nga Korea – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amihanan nga Korea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore_gu_B%C3%ABj-g%C3%A0nnaar" title="Kore gu Bëj-gànnaar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kore gu Bëj-gànnaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreia_do_Twoaie" title="Coreia do Twoaie – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Coreia do Twoaie" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="ოორუე კორეა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე კორეა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A2" title="צפון קארעע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צפון קארעע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2r%C3%A9%C3%A0_%C3%80r%C3%ADw%C3%A1" title="Kòréà Àríwá – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kòréà Àríwá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauzsenh_Minzcujcujyi_Yinzminz_Gunghozgoz" title="Cauzsenh Minzcujcujyi Yinzminz Gunghozgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cauzsenh Minzcujcujyi Yinzminz Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%B4rd-Korea" title="Noôrd-Korea – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Noôrd-Korea" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A2u-si%C3%A1n_B%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">조선민주주의인민공화국 <br /> <i>Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Korea</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Korea Utara"><img alt="Bendera Korea Utara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/125px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/188px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/250px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Korea_Utara" title="Bendera Korea Utara">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Korea Utara"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/70px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/105px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/140px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_Korea_Utara" title="Lambang Korea Utara"> Lambang</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>:&#160;</b>강성대국 (强盛大國) <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Bangsa_yang_Kuat_dan_Sejahtera" title="Bangsa yang Kuat dan Sejahtera">Kangsŏngtaeguk</a></i> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Korea</a>: "Bangsa yang Kuat dan Sejahtera")</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>:&#160;</b><br /> 애국가 <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Aegukka" title="Aegukka">Aegukka</a></i> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: "Lagu Patriotik")</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Perlihatkan Bumi</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg/220px-Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg/330px-Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg/440px-Flag_map_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="802" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Perlihatkan peta Bendera</span></div></div><div style="font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;">Wilayah yang dikuasai Korea Utara berwarna hijau tua; wilayah yang diklaim tetapi tidak dikuasai berwarna hijau muda.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:North_Korea_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg&amp;lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Korea Utara"><img alt="Lokasi Korea Utara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-North_Korea_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_PRK_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_berdaulat" title="Negara berdaulat">Negara berdaulat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Korea_Utara" title="Daftar kota di Korea Utara">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Korea_Utara&amp;language=id&amp;params=39_2_N_125_45_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°2′N</span> <span class="longitude">125°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.033°N 125.750°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">39.033; 125.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aksara_resmi" title="Aksara resmi">Aksara resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chos%C5%8Fn%27g%C5%ADl" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosŏn&#39;gŭl">Chosŏn'gŭl</a><sup id="cite_ref-AltonChidley2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AltonChidley2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>73% <a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">tidak beragama</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>13% <a href="/wiki/Cheondoisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheondoisme">Chondoisme</a></li> <li>12% <a href="/wiki/Syamanisme_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Syamanisme Korea">Syamanisme</a></li> <li>1.5% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhisme_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhisme Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Buddhisme</a></li> <li>0,5% lainnya<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Korea_Utara" title="Politik Korea Utara">Pemerintahan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">Kesatuan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Songun" title="Songun">Songun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Negara_satu_partai" title="Negara satu partai">satu partai</a> <a href="/wiki/Kediktatoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kediktatoran">kediktatoran</a> <a href="/wiki/Totaliter" class="mw-redirect" title="Totaliter">totaliter</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstitusional" title="Konstitusional">konstitusional</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ketua_Komisi_Urusan_Negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara">Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a><sup id="cite_ref-aaa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakil_Ketua_Komisi_Urusan_Negara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakil Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakil Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Choe_Ryong-hae" title="Choe Ryong-hae">Choe Ryong-hae</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Korea_Utara" title="Perdana Menteri Korea Utara">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok-hun" title="Kim Tok-hun">Kim Tok-hun</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data">최고인민회의 <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Tertinggi_Rakyat" title="Majelis Tertinggi Rakyat">Ch’oego Inmin Hoeŭi</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Pembentukan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Dinasti dan Kerajaan Pertama</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. abad ke-7 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tiga_Kerajaan_Korea" title="Tiga Kerajaan Korea">Tiga Kerajaan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Periode_Negara_Utara-Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode Negara Utara-Selatan">Kerajaan Utara-Selatan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">698</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Goryeo" title="Dinasti Goryeo">Dinasti Goryeo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Joseon">Dinasti Joseon</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1392</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Korea" title="Kekaisaran Korea">Kekaisaran Korea</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Oktober 1897</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Jepang-Korea_1910" title="Perjanjian Jepang-Korea 1910">Perjanjian Jepang-Korea</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 Agustus 1910</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Deklarasi_Kemerdekaan_Korea" title="Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Korea">Deklarasi Kemerdekaan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 Maret 1919</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_Sementara_Republik_Korea" title="Pemerintahan Sementara Republik Korea">Pemerintahan Sementara</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1919</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hari_Kemenangan_Atas_Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Kemenangan Atas Jepang">Kemerdekaan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Jepang">Jepang</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 Agustus 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Komite_Rakyat_Sementara_Korea_Utara" title="Komite Rakyat Sementara Korea Utara">Komite Rakyat Sementara Korea Utara</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 Februari 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Pembentukan RRDK </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 September 1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Penerapan ideologi <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 Desember 1972</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Konstitusi saat ini </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 Juni 2016</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Korea_Utara" title="Geografi Korea Utara">Luas </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">120.540 km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-unstats08_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unstats08-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">ke-97</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;<a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">Perairan</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0,11</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Korea_Utara" title="Demografi Korea Utara">Penduduk</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;Perkiraan&#160;2022</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.955.138<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">55</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;Sensus Penduduk&#160;2008</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24.052.231<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">212/km<sup>2</sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">65</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2015</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$40 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-CIAGDP(PPP)_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAGDP(PPP)-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;<a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.800<sup id="cite_ref-CIAGDP(PPP)Capita_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAGDP(PPP)Capita-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2019</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$16 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">&#160;-&#160;<a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$640</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(1995)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0,766<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:forestgreen">tinggi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Won_Korea_Utara" title="Won Korea Utara">Won Rakyat Korea</a> (₩) <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KPW</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Pyongyang" title="Waktu Pyongyang">Waktu Pyongyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+9</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kalender" title="Kalender">Format tanggal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>yy, <span lang="ko">yyyy년 mm월 dd일</span></li><li>yy, yyyy/mm/dd <span style="font-size:75%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kalender_Juche" title="Kalender Juche">AD–1911</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomor_telepon_di_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomor telepon di Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">+850</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIATelephone_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIATelephone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KP" title="ISO 3166-2:KP">KP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.kp" title=".kp">.kp</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hersher2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hersher2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:11pt"><b>Situs web resmi</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korea-dpr.com">www<wbr />.korea-dpr<wbr />.com</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="font-size:90%;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Korea_Utara_infobox" title="Templat:Korea Utara infobox"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Korea_Utara_infobox&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Korea Utara infobox (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Korea_Utara_infobox&amp;action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&amp;action=edit&amp;section=top&amp;editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/300px-North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/450px-North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/North_Korea.svg/600px-North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea" dalam aksara <a href="/wiki/Chos%C5%8Fn%27g%C5%ADl" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosŏn&#39;gŭl">chosŏn'gŭl</a> (atas) dan <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hancha</a> (bawah).</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Nama Korea</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangul">Josŏn-gŭl</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:조선">조선</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:민주주의">민주주의</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:인민">인민</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:공화국">공화국</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;font-size:1rem;"><span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:朝鮮">朝鮮</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:民主主義">民主主義</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:人民">人民</a><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:共和國">共和國</a></span> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alih_Aksara_Korea_yang_Disempurnakan" title="Alih Aksara Korea yang Disempurnakan">Alih Aksara</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" class="mw-redirect" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tbody></table> <p><b>Korea Utara</b>, secara resmi bernama <b>Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hangul" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 조선민주주의인민공화국; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國; <a href="/wiki/McCune-Reischauer" title="McCune-Reischauer">MR</a>: <i>Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk</i>), adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Negara" title="Negara">negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Timur" title="Asia Timur">Asia Timur</a>, yang meliputi bagian utara <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Korea">Semenanjung Korea</a>. Ibu kota dan kota terbesarnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zona_Demiliterisasi_Korea" title="Zona Demiliterisasi Korea">Zona Demiliterisasi Korea</a> menjadi batas antara Korea Utara dan <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yalu" title="Sungai Yalu">Sungai Amnok</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tumen" title="Sungai Tumen">Sungai Tumen</a> membentuk perbatasan antara Korea Utara dan <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>. Sebagian dari Sungai Tumen di timur laut merupakan perbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. Penduduk setempat menyebut negaranya <i>Pukchosŏn</i> (북조선, "Chosŏn Utara"), sementara penduduk Korea Selatan menyebutnya sebagai <i>Bukhan</i> (북한, "Han Utara") </p><p>Semenanjung Korea diperintah oleh <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Korea" title="Kekaisaran Korea">Kekaisaran Korea</a> hingga dianeksasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepang_atas_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjajahan Jepang atas Korea">Jepang</a> setelah <a href="/wiki/Perang_Rusia-Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Rusia-Jepang">Perang Rusia-Jepang</a> tahun 1905. Setelah kekalahan Jepang pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, Korea <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_Korea" title="Pembagian Korea">dibagi</a> menjadi wilayah pendudukan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Korea Utara menolak ikut serta dalam pemilihan umum yang diawasi <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a> yang diselenggarakan di selatan pada 1948, yang mengarah kepada pembentukan dua pemerintahan Korea yang terpisah oleh zona demiliterisasi. Baik Korea Utara maupun Selatan mengklaim kedaulatan di atas seluruh semenanjung, yang berujung kepada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Korea" title="Perang Korea">Perang Korea</a> tahun 1950. Sebuah gencatan senjata pada 1953 mengakhiri pertempuran; namun kedua negara secara resmi masih berada dalam status perang, karena perjanjian perdamaian tidak pernah ditandatangani.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kedua negara diterima menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> pada 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 26 Mei 2009, Korea Utara secara sepihak menarik diri dari gencatan senjata.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Korea Utara termasuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Negara_satu-partai" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara satu-partai">negara satu-partai</a> di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Demokratis_untuk_Penyatuan_Tanah_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Demokratis untuk Penyatuan Tanah Air (halaman belum tersedia)">front penyatuan</a> yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Partai_Buruh_Korea" title="Partai Buruh Korea">Partai Buruh Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nysuccess_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysuccess-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-intimes_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intimes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pemerintahan negara mengikuti ideologi <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i>, yang digagas oleh <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a>, mantan pemimpin negara ini. Juche menjadi ideologi resmi negara ketika negara ini mengadopsi konstitusi baru pada 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kendati Kim Il-sung telah menggunakannya untuk membentuk kebijakan sejak sekurang-kurangnya awal tahun 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Juche_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Juche-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara resminya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a> atau negara komunis, Korea Utara dipandang oleh sebagian besar negara sebagai negara <a href="/wiki/Diktator" title="Diktator">kediktatoran</a> <a href="/wiki/Totaliter" class="mw-redirect" title="Totaliter">totaliter</a> berpaham <a href="/wiki/Stalinisme" title="Stalinisme">Stalinis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nysuccess_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysuccess-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-intimes_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intimes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah kematian <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a> pada tanggal 19 Desember 2011, pemimpin Korea Utara berikutnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>, anak termuda Kim Jong-il. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Korea_Utara" title="Sejarah Korea Utara">Sejarah Korea Utara</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Korea" title="Sejarah Korea">Sejarah Korea</a></div> <p>Dampak dari <a href="/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepang_atas_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjajahan Jepang atas Korea">penjajahan Jepang</a> yang berakhir dengan kekalahan <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> tahun 1945 adalah Korea dibagi pada <a href="/wiki/Paralel_utara_ke-38" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralel utara ke-38">paralel utara ke-38</a> mengikuti persetujuan dengan <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a>. Wilayah utara diatur oleh <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, dan bagian selatan oleh <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Sejarah Korea Utara secara resmi dimulai dengan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat">Republik Rakyat</a> demokratis pada 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_Korea">Pembagian Korea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_Korea" title="Pembagian Korea">Pembagian Korea</a></div> <p>Pada Agustus 1945, <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Merah" title="Tentara Merah">Tentara Soviet</a> membentuk Otoritas Sipil Soviet untuk memerintah negara ini hingga sebuah rezim domestik, yang bersahabat dengan Uni Soviet, dapat dibentuk. Setelah mundurnya tentara Soviet pada 1948, agenda utama pada tahun berikutnya adalah penyatuan Korea dari kedua belah pihak, namun konsolidasi rezim <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a> di Selatan dengan dukungan militer Amerika dan penekanan pemberontakan pada Oktober 1948 mengakhiri harapan bahwa negara ini dapat disatukan kembali menurut cara revolusi <a href="/wiki/Komunis" class="mw-redirect" title="Komunis">Komunis</a>. Pada 1949, rezim Utara mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan intervensi militer ke <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>, tetapi gagal mendapat dukungan dari Uni Soviet.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumings1981_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumings1981-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penarikan kekuatan militer <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> dari Selatan pada Juni memperlemah <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rezim Selatan</a> dan membuat <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a> mempertimbangkan kembali rencana invasi ke Selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumings1981_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumings1981-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gagasan itu sendiri awalnya ditolak oleh <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, tetapi dengan perkembangan persenjataan nuklir Soviet, kemenangan <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> di Tiongkok, dan pertanda dari bangsa Tiongkok bahwa mereka dapat mengirimkan serdadu dan sokongan lainnya ke Korea Utara, Stalin menyetujui penyerangan yang menjadi cikal bakal <a href="/wiki/Perang_Korea" title="Perang Korea">Perang Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perang_Korea">Perang Korea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perang_Korea" title="Perang Korea">Perang Korea</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warisan_Perang_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Warisan Perang Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Warisan Perang Korea</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zona_Demiliterisasi_Korea" title="Zona Demiliterisasi Korea">Zona Demiliterisasi Korea</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg/200px-Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg/300px-Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg/400px-Victorious_Fatherland_Liberation_War_Museum_Monument4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Monumen Korea Utara di Pyongyang.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perang Korea adalah perang antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan yang dimulai pada 25 Juni 1950. Perang ini sempat berhenti sementara dengan gencatan senjata yang ditandatangani pada 27 Juli 1953. Konflik diakibatkan oleh pembagian Korea dan upaya kedua Korea untuk menyatukan kembali Korea di bawah pemerintahan mereka masing-masing. Perang ini menewaskan lebih dari 2 juta penduduk dan prajurit dari kedua belah pihak. Periode sebelum perang ditandai dengan konflik perbatasan pada paralel utara ke-38 dan upaya negosiasi pemilihan umum bagi keutuhan Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-TruceTent_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TruceTent-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Negosiasi berakhir ketika <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Rakyat_Korea" title="Tentara Rakyat Korea">Tentara Rakyat Korea</a> menyerbu Korea Selatan pada 25 Juni 1950. Di bawah restu <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> dan sekutunya mendukung Korea Selatan. Setelah serangan balasan Korea Selatan, tentara <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> mendukung Korea Utara, dan pada akhirnya mengarah kepada gencatan senjata yang hampir memulihkan kembali perbatasan awal antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan. </p><p>Sejak gencatan senjata tahun 1953, hubungan antara pemerintah Korea Utara dengan Korea Selatan, Uni Eropa, Kanada, Amerika Serikat, dan Jepang tetap tegang. Pertempuran dihentikan dengan gencatan senjata, tetapi kedua Korea secara teknis masih berada dalam keadaan perang. Baik Korea Utara maupun Selatan menandatangani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Gabungan_Utara-Selatan_15_Juni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Gabungan Utara-Selatan 15 Juni (halaman belum tersedia)">Deklarasi Gabungan Utara-Selatan 15 Juni</a> pada tahun 2000, ketika kedua pihak berjanji untuk mengupayakan penyatuan kembali dengan cara damai.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain itu pada 4 Oktober 2007, para pemimpin dari Utara dan Selatan bergandengan tangan untuk mengadakan rapat puncak yang membicarakan pernyataan penghentian perang secara resmi dan mengukuhkan kembali prinsip non-agresi.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abad_ke-20">Abad ke-20</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Zona_Demiliterisasi_Korea" title="Zona Demiliterisasi Korea">Zona Demiliterisasi Korea</a></div> <p>Korea Utara dan Selatan tidak pernah menandatangani perjanjian perdamaian dan dengan demikian secara resmi masih dalam status perang; hanya sebuah <a href="/wiki/Gencatan_senjata" title="Gencatan senjata">gencatan senjata</a> yang diumumkan.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upaya perdamaian disela oleh beberapa pertempuran kecil dan upaya pembunuhan. Korea Utara gagal di dalam beberapa upaya pembunuhan terhadap pemimpin Korea Selatan, dengan yang paling dikenal pada 1968, 1974, dan <a href="/wiki/Pengeboman_Rangoon" title="Pengeboman Rangoon">Pengeboman Rangoon</a> pada 1983. Terowongan sering kali ditemukan di bawah Zona Demiliterisasi, dan perang hampir meletus akibat <a href="/wiki/Insiden_Pembunuhan_Kapak" class="mw-redirect" title="Insiden Pembunuhan Kapak">Insiden Pembunuhan Kapak</a> di <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom" title="Panmunjom">Panmunjom</a> pada 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1973, hubungan tingkat tinggi yang sangat rahasia mulai dilakukan melalui kantor-kantor <a href="/wiki/Palang_Merah" class="mw-redirect" title="Palang Merah">Palang Merah</a>, tetapi berakhir setelah insiden Panmunjom dengan sedikit kemajuan.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada akhir tahun 1990-an, ketika Korsel mengalami transisi menjadi demokratis, keberhasilan <a href="/wiki/Nordpolitik" title="Nordpolitik">Nordpolitik</a> dan dengan diambil alihnya kekuasaan di utara oleh putra Kim Il-sung, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a>, maka kedua negara untuk pertama kalinya mulai berhubungan secara terbuka, dengan Korsel yang menyatakan <a href="/wiki/Kebijakan_Sinar_Matahari" title="Kebijakan Sinar Matahari">Kebijakan Sinar Matahari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abad_ke-21">Abad ke-21</h3></div> <p>Pada 2002, Presiden Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> menjuluki Korea Utara sebagai bagian dari "<a href="/wiki/Poros_setan" title="Poros setan">poros setan</a>" dan "<a href="/wiki/Pos_terdepan_tirani" title="Pos terdepan tirani">pos terdepan tirani</a>". Hubungan tingkat tinggi yang pernah dilakukan pemerintah Korea Utara dengan Amerika Serikat adalah kunjungan <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Menteri Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat</a> <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a> ke Pyongyang pada tahun 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> meskipun kedua negara tidak menjalin hubungan diplomatik yang resmi.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-kn_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-kn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2006, hampir 37.000 serdadu Amerika masih berada di Korea Selatan, meski sejak Juni 2009 jumlah ini berkurang menjadi sekitar 30.000 saja.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kim Jong-il secara pribadi menerima kehadiran tentara Amerika Serikat di Semenanjung Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-wpost_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpost-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bagaimanapun, secara umum, Korea Utara sangat menuntut penarikan serdadu Amerika dari Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-wpost_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpost-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 13 Juni 2009, kantor berita Amerika Serikat, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, melaporkan bahwa sebagai tanggapan bagi sanksi-sanksi baru dari PBB, Korea Utara menyatakan bahwa pihaknya akan melanjutkan program pengayaan uranium. Hal ini menandai bahwa untuk pertama kalinya, pemerintah Korea Utara mengakui di depan dunia bahwa pihaknya memang melakukan program pengayaan <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 5 Agustus 2009, mantan presiden Amerika Serikat, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> bertemu dengan Kim Jong-il untuk menjamin pembebasan dua orang wartawan Amerika Serikat, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Ling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Ling (halaman belum tersedia)">Laura Ling</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euna_Lee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Euna Lee (halaman belum tersedia)">Euna Lee</a>, yang ditangkap karena memasuki Korea Utara secara ilegal.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 28 Agustus 2010 mantan Presiden Amerika Serikat, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, berhasil membawa pulang seorang guru dan aktivis Amerika Serikat, Aijalon Mahli Gomes, yang ditangkap karena memasuki Korea Utara secara ilegal.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Korea_Utara" title="Geografi Korea Utara">Geografi Korea Utara</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Korea">Semenanjung Korea</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg/200px-Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg/300px-Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg/400px-Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Baekdu" title="Gunung Baekdu">Gunung Baekdu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Korea Utara menguasai sebagian utara <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Korea">Semenanjung Korea</a>, meliputi wilayah seluas 120.540 kilometer persegi (46.541&#160;sq&#160;mi). Korea Utara berbatasan dengan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok dan Rusia di utara, dan dengan Korea Selatan di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Zona_Demiliterisasi_Korea" title="Zona Demiliterisasi Korea">Zona Demiliterisasi Korea</a>. Batas barat Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Kuning" title="Sungai Kuning">Sungai Kuning</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teluk_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teluk Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Teluk Korea</a>, sementara di timur terdapat Jepang di seberang Laut Timur (<a href="/wiki/Laut_Jepang" title="Laut Jepang">Laut Jepang</a>). Titik tertinggi di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Paektu-san&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunung Paektu-san (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung Paektu-san</a> dengan ketinggian 2.744 meter (9.003&#160;ft). Sungai terpanjang di Korea Utara adalah Sungai Amnok yang mengalir sepanjang 790 kilometer (491&#160;mi).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iklim Korea Utara relatif <a href="/wiki/Iklim_sedang" title="Iklim sedang">sedang</a>. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">klasifikasi iklim Köppen</a>, negara ini beriklim <i>Dwa</i>, dengan musim panas yang hangat dan musim dingin yang kering. Pada musim panas, terdapat musim hujan singkat yang disebut <i>changma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 7 Agustus 2007, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjir_Korea_Utara_2007&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjir Korea Utara 2007 (halaman belum tersedia)">bencana banjir</a> terburuk dalam 40 tahun terakhir melanda Korea Utara, sehingga pemerintah meminta bantuan kepada dunia internasional. Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Lembaga_Swadaya_Masyarakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat">Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Non-Pemerintah" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisasi Non-Pemerintah">Organisasi Non-Pemerintah</a>, semisal <a href="/wiki/Palang_Merah" class="mw-redirect" title="Palang Merah">Palang Merah</a>, meminta orang-orang untuk menyumbang karena kekhawatiran akan terjadinya bencana kemanusiaan.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg/200px-ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg/300px-ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg/400px-ThePathToKoryongFalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Pegunungan Kumgang</figcaption></figure> <p>Pusat pemerintahan dan kota terbesar Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>; kota-kota besar lainnya di antaranya adalah <a href="/wiki/Kaesong" title="Kaesong">Kaesong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinuiju" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinuiju">Sinuiju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamhung" title="Hamhung">Hamhung</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Chongjin" title="Chongjin">Chongjin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografi">Topografi</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:North_Korea_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/220px-North_Korea_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/330px-North_Korea_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_Korea_Topography.png/440px-North_Korea_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Topografi Korea Utara</figcaption></figure> <p>Para wisatawan dari <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> yang mengunjungi Korea menyatakan bahwa negara itu menyerupai "<i>laut di tengah-tengah angin ribut</i>" karena banyaknya <a href="/wiki/Bukit" title="Bukit">rentang perbukitan</a> yang silih berganti menyelang-nyelingi semenanjung itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Topography_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topography-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kira-kira 80% daratan Korea Utara terdiri dari beberapa <a href="/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung">gunung</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dataran_tinggi" title="Dataran tinggi">dataran tinggi</a>, dipisahkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Lembah" title="Lembah">lembah</a>-lembah yang dalam dan sempit. <a href="/wiki/Dataran" title="Dataran">Dataran</a> <a href="/wiki/Pesisir" title="Pesisir">pesisir</a> luas di barat dan tersekat-sekat di timur. Sebagian besar penduduk menetap di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daratan_rendah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daratan rendah (halaman belum tersedia)">daratan rendah</a>. </p><p>Titik tertinggi di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Baekdu" title="Gunung Baekdu">Gunung Baekdu</a>, dengan ketinggian antara 1.400 sampai 2.000 meter di atas permukaan laut. Gunung ini terletak di dekat perbatasan dengan Tiongkok.<sup id="cite_ref-Topography_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topography-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Hamgyong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Hamgyong (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan Hamgyong</a>, berada di bagian timur laut semenanjung, memiliki banyak puncak tinggi, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwanmosan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwanmosan (halaman belum tersedia)">Gwanmosan</a> pada ketinggian sekitar 1.756&#160;m (5.761&#160;ft). Pegunungan besar lainnya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Rangrim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Rangrim (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan Rangrim</a>, yang terletak di bagian utara-tengah Korea Utara dan membentang pada arah utara-selatan, membuat komunikasi antara bagian barat dan timur negara ini cukup sulit; dan Pegunungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangnam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangnam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kangnam</a>, yang membentang di sepanjang perbatasan RRT-Korea Utara. <a href="/wiki/Geumgangsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Geumgangsan">Geumgangsan</a>, sering juga ditulis sebagai Gunung Kumgang, atau Gunung Berlian, (setinggi hampir 1.638 meter di atas permukaan laut) di <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Taebaek" title="Pegunungan Taebaek">Pegunungan Taebaek</a>, yang memanjang hingga ke Korea Selatan, terkenal akan pemandangannya yang indah.<sup id="cite_ref-Topography_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topography-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dataran di Korea sebagian besar berukuran kecil, dengan yang paling luas adalah dataran <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaeryong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaeryong (halaman belum tersedia)">Chaeryong</a>, masing-masing memiliki luas sekitar 500 kilometer persegi. Karena gunung-gunung di pesisir timur menghunjam tajam ke laut, dataran yang ada di timur lebih kecil daripada di pesisir barat. Tidak seperti tetangganya, Jepang atau Tiongkok bagian utara, Korea Utara mengalami <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a> yang lebih jarang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3></div> <p>Korea Utara memiliki <a href="/wiki/Iklim_kontinental" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim kontinental">iklim kontinental</a> dengan empat <a href="/wiki/Musim" title="Musim">musim</a> yang berbeda-beda.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin">Musim dingin</a> yang panjang membawa cuaca dingin dan cerah, berpadu dengan badai salju, sebagai akibat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angin_utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angin utara (halaman belum tersedia)">angin utara</a> dan barat laut yang berhembus dari <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. Sepanjang musim dingin, rata-rata hujan salju turun selama 37 hari. Cuaca di wilayah pegunungan utara cenderung buruk. Sementara itu, <a href="/wiki/Musim_panas" title="Musim panas">musim panas</a> cenderung singkat, panas, lembap, dan berhujan karena adanya angin <a href="/wiki/Muson" class="mw-redirect" title="Muson">muson</a> dari selatan dan tenggara yang membawa <a href="/wiki/Uap_air" title="Uap air">uap air</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a>. <a href="/wiki/Siklon_tropis" title="Siklon tropis">Angin taifun</a> memengaruhi semenanjung itu paling tidak sekali setiap musim panas.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Musim_semi" title="Musim semi">Musim semi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur">musim gugur</a> merupakan musim peralihan yang ditandai oleh suhu yang sedang dan angin yang bervariasi, dan memberikan cuaca yang paling nyaman. Bencana alam di antaranya kekeringan panjang di penghujung musim semi yang sering kali diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Banjir" title="Banjir">banjir</a>. Terkadang terjadi <a href="/wiki/Badai_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Badai tropis">badai tropis</a> di sepanjang permulaan musim gugur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Politik_Korea_Utara" title="Politik Korea Utara">Politik Korea Utara</a></div> <p>Korea Utara adalah negara yang menyatakan secara sepihak sebagai negara <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i> (percaya dan bergantung kepada kekuatan sendiri).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pemujaan_kepribadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemujaan kepribadian">Pemujaan kepribadian</a> terhadap <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il-sung" title="Kim Il-sung">Kim Il-sung</a> dan Kim Jong-il dilakukan secara terorganisir. Setelah mangkatnya Kim Il-sung pada 1994, ia tidak digantikan melainkan memperoleh gelar "<a href="/wiki/Presiden_Abadi_Republik" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Abadi Republik">Presiden Abadi</a>", dan dikuburkan di <a href="/wiki/Istana_Matahari_Kumsusan" title="Istana Matahari Kumsusan">Istana Matahari Kumsusan</a> di Pyongyang pusat. </p><p>Meskipun kedudukan presiden dipegang oleh Kim Il-sung yang telah meninggal,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kepala negara <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> adalah Kim Jong-un, yang kini menjabat sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Komisi_Pertahanan_Nasional_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional Korea Utara</a>. Badan legislatif Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Tertinggi_Rakyat" title="Majelis Tertinggi Rakyat">Majelis Tertinggi Rakyat</a>, kini diketuai oleh <a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Yong-nam">Kim Yong-nam</a>. Tokoh pemerintahan senior lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Perdana_Menteri_Korea_Utara" title="Daftar Perdana Menteri Korea Utara">Kepala Pemerintahan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-il" title="Kim Yong-il">Kim Yong-il</a>. </p><p>Korea Utara adalah negara yang menganut sistem satu partai. Partai yang memerintah adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Demokratis_untuk_Reunifikasi_Tanah_Air&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Demokratis untuk Reunifikasi Tanah Air (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Demokratis untuk Reunifikasi Tanah Air</a>, sebuah koalisi <a href="/wiki/Partai_Buruh_Korea" title="Partai Buruh Korea">Partai Buruh Korea</a> dan dua partai kecil lainnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_Demokratis_Sosial_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai Demokratis Sosial Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Demokratis Sosial Korea</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Chongu_Chondois" title="Partai Chongu Chondois">Partai Chongu Chondois</a>. Partai-partai ini mengajukan semua calon untuk menempati posisi pemerintahan dan memegang semua kursi di Majelis Tertinggi Rakyat. </p><p>Pada Juni 2009, dilaporkan oleh sebuah media Korea Selatan bahwa terdapat isyarat yang menunjukkan bahwa pemimpin Korea Utara berikutnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>, putera termuda Kim Jong-il (Kim Jong-il memiliki tiga putera).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Korea_Utara" title="Pembagian administratif Korea Utara">Pembagian administratif Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG/200px-Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG/300px-Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG/400px-Provinces_of_North_Korea.PNG 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Korea Utara dibagi menurut provinsi</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi-provinsi_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi-provinsi Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi-provinsi Korea</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota-kota_khusus_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota-kota khusus Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota-kota khusus Korea</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Nama<sup>a</sup></th> <th>Hangul</th> <th>Hanja </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Kota yang dikelola langsung oleh pusat (<i>Chikhalsi</i>)<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></td> <td>평양직할시</td> <td>平壤直轄市 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="32">Daerah Administratif Khusus (<i>T'ŭkpyŏl Haengjŏnggu</i>)<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Industri_Kaesong" title="Daerah Industri Kaesong">Daerah Industri Kaesong</a></td> <td>개성공업지구</td> <td>開城工業地區 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Pariwisata_Kumgangsan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Pariwisata Kumgangsan (halaman belum tersedia)">Daerah Pariwisata Kumgangsan</a></td> <td>금강산관광지구</td> <td>金剛山觀光地區 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Administratif_Khusus_Sinuiju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Administratif Khusus Sinuiju (halaman belum tersedia)">Daerah Administratif Khusus Sinuiju</a></td> <td>신의주특별행정구</td> <td>新義州特別行政區 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Provinsi (<i>do</i>)<sup>a</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyongan_Selatan" title="Pyongan Selatan">Pyongan Selatan</a></td> <td>평안남도</td> <td>平安南道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyongan_Utara" title="Pyongan Utara">Pyongan Utara</a></td> <td>평안북도</td> <td>平安北道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chagang" title="Chagang">Chagang</a></td> <td>자강도</td> <td>慈江道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwanghae_Selatan" title="Hwanghae Selatan">Hwanghae Selatan</a></td> <td>황해남도</td> <td>黃海南道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hwanghae_Utara" title="Hwanghae Utara">Hwanghae Utara</a></td> <td>황해북도</td> <td>黃海北道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangwon-do_(Korea_Utara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangwon-do (Korea Utara)">Kangwon</a></td> <td>강원도</td> <td>江原道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamgyong_Selatan" title="Hamgyong Selatan">Hamgyong Selatan</a></td> <td>함경남도</td> <td>咸鏡南道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamgyong_Utara" title="Hamgyong Utara">Hamgyong Utara</a></td> <td>함경북도</td> <td>咸鏡北道 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryanggang" title="Ryanggang">Ryanggang</a> <cite id="Ad_1"></cite><a href="#Ad_2">*</a></td> <td>량강도</td> <td>兩江道 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><cite id="Ad_2"></cite><a href="#Ad_1">*</a>–Seringkali dialihaksarakan sebagai "Yanggang". </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hubungan_luar_negeri">Hubungan luar negeri</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_luar_negeri_Korea_Utara" title="Hubungan luar negeri Korea Utara">Hubungan luar negeri Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Kim_Jong-Il-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> pada tahun 2002.</figcaption></figure> <p>Korea Utara telah memelihara hubungan yang akrab dengan Tiongkok dan Rusia sejak lama. <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_1989" title="Revolusi 1989">Jatuhnya komunisme</a> di Eropa Timur tahun 1989, dan pecahnya Uni Soviet pada 1991, berdampak pada semakin berkurangnya bantuan kepada Korea Utara dari Rusia, meskipun Tiongkok tetap saja memberikan bantuan penting. Korea Utara memelihara ikatan yang kuat dengan sekutu <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialisnya</a> di Asia Tenggara, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Korea Utara telah memulai pembangunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagar_Perbatasan_Tiongkok-Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagar Perbatasan Tiongkok-Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Pagar Perbatasan Tiongkok-Korea</a> di perbatasan utara, sebagai tanggapan bagi harapan Tiongkok yang ingin mengekang para pengungsi yang melarikan diri dari Korea Utara. Sebelumnya, perbatasan antara Tiongkok dan Korea Utara hanya diawasi oleh sedikit petugas patroli. </p><p>Sebagai akibat dari <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara_dan_senjata_pemusnah_massal" title="Korea Utara dan senjata pemusnah massal">program senjata nuklir Korea Utara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_enam-pihak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan enam-pihak (halaman belum tersedia)">pembicaraan enam-pihak</a> diselenggarakan untuk mencari penyelesaian damai terkait ketegangan di antara dua pemerintah Korea, Federasi Rusia, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Amerika Serikat. </p><p>Pada 17 Juli 2007, para inspektur PBB memverifikasi penutupan lima fasilitas nuklir Korea Utara, sesuai persetujuan Februari 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 4 Oktober 2007, Presiden Korea Selatan (Roh Moo-Hyun) dan pemimpin Korea Utara sebelumnya (Kim Jong-il) menandatangani sebuah perjanjian damai berisi delapan pasal, yang mengajukan perdamaian abadi, pembicaraan tingkat tinggi, kerja sama ekonomi, perbaharuan kereta api, perjalanan udara, jalan bebas hambatan, dan barisan penyorak olimpiade gabungan.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amerika Serikat dan Korea Selatan sebelumnya menuduh Korea Utara sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_yang_mendukung_terorisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara yang mendukung terorisme (halaman belum tersedia)">negara yang mendukung terorisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pengeboman_Rangoon" title="Pengeboman Rangoon">Pengeboman 1983 yang membunuh anggota pemerintahan Korea Selatan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Penerbangan_858" title="Korean Air Penerbangan 858">penghancuran pesawat terbang Korea Selatan</a> telah dituduhkan kepada Korea Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Korea Utara juga dianggap bertanggung jawab atas penculikan 13 warga negara Jepang pada 1970-an dan 1980-an, lima dari mereka dikembalikan ke Jepang pada 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 11 Oktober 2008, Amerika Serikat menghapus Korea Utara dari daftar negara pendukung terorisme ini.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar kedutaan asing yang memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Korea Utara berada di Beijing, bukan di Pyongyang.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer Korea Utara</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara_dan_senjata_pemusnah_massal" title="Korea Utara dan senjata pemusnah massal">Korea Utara dan senjata pemusnah massal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg/220px-JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg/330px-JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg/440px-JointSecurityAreaNorthKoreans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Seorang anggota Tentara Rakyat Korea mengamati sisi perbatasan dengan Korea Selatan di Zona Demiliterisasi Korea (DMZ) dengan menggunakan teropong</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komandan_Tertinggi_Tentara_Rakyat_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komandan Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Komandan Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Komisi_Pertahanan_Nasional_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional Korea Utara</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Rakyat_Korea" title="Tentara Rakyat Korea">Tentara Rakyat Korea</a> adalah nama untuk angkatan bersenjata Korea Utara. Tentara ini memiliki empat cabang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Rakyat_Korea" title="Angkatan Laut Rakyat Korea">Angkatan Laut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Rakyat_Korea" title="Angkatan Udara Rakyat Korea">Angkatan Udara</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Keamanan_Negara_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Keamanan Negara Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Keamanan Negara</a>. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat</a>, Korea Utara memiliki <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_darat" title="Angkatan darat">angkatan darat</a> terbesar kelima di dunia, diperkirakan sebesar 1,21 juta personel, dengan kira-kira 20% pria berusia 17–54 tahun di dalam <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_darat" title="Angkatan darat">angkatan darat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bgn_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgn-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Korea Utara memiliki persentase personel militer per kapita tertinggi di dunia, dengan sekitar 1 serdadu terdaftar untuk setiap 25 warga negara.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Strategi militer Korea Utara dirancang untuk menyusupkan agen dan menyabotase di belakang barisan musuh pada saat perang.<sup id="cite_ref-bgn_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgn-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tentara Rakyat Korea memiliki berbagai perlengkapan, meliputi 4.060 <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a>, 2.500 <a href="/wiki/APC" class="mw-redirect" title="APC">APC</a>, 17.900 <a href="/wiki/Artileri" title="Artileri">artileri</a> (termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortir_(senjata)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortir (senjata) (halaman belum tersedia)">mortir</a>), 11.000 senjata pertahanan udara, 915 kapal perang, dan 1.748 pesawat tempur.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perlengkapan yang ada merupakan sisa-sisa Perang Dunia II, umumnya teknologi Perang Dingin yang terproliferasi, atau senjata Soviet. Menurut media resmi Korea Utara, anggaran belanja militer Korut pada tahun 2009 adalah 15,8% dari PDB.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Korea Utara juga menjual misil balistik dan peralatan militernya ke berbagai negara. Pada April 2009, PBB menyebut Perusahaan Perdagangan Pembangunan dan Pertambangan Korea (alias KOMID) sebagai agen penjual utama Korea Utara dan pengekspor terbesar misil balistik dan senjata konvensional. PBB juga menyebut Korea Ryonbong sebagai penyokong penjualan segala hal yang berhubungan dengan militer Korea Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-komid-un_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-komid-un-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Korea Utara memiliki program nuklir aktif dan telah menjadi subjek bagi beberapa resolusi PBB, seperti Nomor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolusi_Dewan_Keamanan_PBB_Nomor_1695&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB Nomor 1695 (halaman belum tersedia)">1695</a> pada Juli 2006, Nomor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolusi_Dewan_Keamanan_PBB_Nomor_1718&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB Nomor 1718 (halaman belum tersedia)">1718</a> pada Oktober 2006, dan Nomor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolusi_Dewan_Keamanan_PBB_Nomor_1874&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB Nomor 1874 (halaman belum tersedia)">1874</a> pada Juni 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Korea_Utara" title="Ekonomi Korea Utara">Ekonomi Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg/160px-Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg/240px-Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg/320px-Korean_peninsula_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Citra Semenanjung Korea pada malam hari. Kesenjangan tingkat penerangan disebut sebagai indikasi perbedaan pembangunan ekonomi dan energi antara Korea Utara dan Selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pyongyang_apartments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pyongyang_apartments.jpg/200px-Pyongyang_apartments.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pyongyang_apartments.jpg/300px-Pyongyang_apartments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pyongyang_apartments.jpg/400px-Pyongyang_apartments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> (ibu kota negara)</figcaption></figure> <p>Korea Utara memiliki ekonomi komando yang terindustrialisasi, <a href="/wiki/Autarki" title="Autarki">autarkik</a>, dan sangat terpusat. Dari lima negara sosialis yang tersisa di dunia, Korea Utara adalah satu dari dua negara (bersama-sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a>) dengan ekonomi yang dimiliki negara dan direncanakan oleh pemerintah sepenuhnya. </p><p>Kebijakan isolasi Korea Utara berarti bahwa <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan_internasional" title="Perdagangan internasional">perdagangan internasional</a> sangatlah dibatasi. Korut mengeluarkan undang-undang pada tahun 1984 yang memperbolehkan investasi asing melalui <i>joint venture</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> akan tetapi gagal mengundang investasi yang berarti. Pada tahun 1991, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_Ekonomi_Khusus_Rajin-Sonbong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona Ekonomi Khusus Rajin-Sonbong (halaman belum tersedia)">Zona Ekonomi Khusus Rason</a> didirikan,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dengan tujuan menarik investasi asing dari <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. Perusahaan-perusahaan Tiongkok dan Rusia telah memperoleh hak untuk menggunakan pelabuhan di Rason. Investor Tiongkok telah merenovasi jalan dari Rason ke Tiongkok,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pekerja kereta api Rusia merenovasi jalur kereta api dari Rason ke Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaji rata-rata Korut adalah sekitar $47 per bulan.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun terdapat masalah ekonomi yang substansial, kualitas hidup rakyat terus membaik dan upah pekerja terus meningkat.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pasar swasta berskala kecil, disebut <i>janmadang</i>, hadir di seluruh penjuru negara ini dan melayani penduduk dengan makanan dan komoditas tertentu dari impor yang ditukar dengan uang, dengan demikian membantu mencegah kelaparan.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Makanan, rumah, kesehatan, dan pendidikan diberikan secara gratis oleh negara,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pembayaran pajak telah dihapuskan sejak 1 April 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dan industri, sejak tahun 1960-an, pemerintah Korea Utara telah memperkenalkan sistem-sistem manajemen seperti sistem kerja Taean.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada abad ke-21, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertumbuhan_PDB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertumbuhan PDB (halaman belum tersedia)">pertumbuhan PDB</a> Korea Utara cukup lambat tetapi pasti, meskipun pada beberapa tahun terakhir, angka pertumbuhan meningkat hingga 3,7% pada 2008 karena pertumbuhan sektor pertanian sebesar 8,2%.<sup id="cite_ref-koreatimes.co.kr_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koreatimes.co.kr-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Pertumbuhan PDB per tahun<sup id="cite_ref-koreatimes.co.kr_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koreatimes.co.kr-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>2000 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1,3&#160;% </td> <td>3,7&#160;% </td> <td>1,2&#160;% </td> <td>1,8&#160;% </td> <td>2,2&#160;% </td> <td>1,0&#160;% </td> <td>1,6&#160;% </td> <td>1,8&#160;% </td> <td>3,7&#160;% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Menurut perkiraan tahun 2002, sektor utama dalam ekonomi Korea Utara adalah industri (43,1%), diikuti oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasa_(ekonomi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasa (ekonomi) (halaman belum tersedia)">jasa</a> (33,6%) dan pertanian (23,3%). Pada 2004, diperkirakan bahwa sektor pertanian menyerap 37% dari tenaga kerja, sementara industri dan jasa menyerap sisanya, 63%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-kn_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-kn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Industri utama meliputi produk militer, pembuatan mesin, energi listrik, bahan kimia, pertambangan, perlogaman, sandang, pengolahan makanan dan pariwisata. </p><p>Pada 2005, menurut <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>, Korea Utara adalah produsen buah segar terbesar ke-10,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan produsen <a href="/wiki/Apel" title="Apel">apel</a> terbesar ke-19.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Korea Utara memiliki sumber daya alam yang substansial, dengan sumber daya utama meliputi <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garam">garam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirit" title="Pirit">pirit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorspar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorspar (halaman belum tersedia)">fluorspar</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/PLTA" class="mw-redirect" title="PLTA">listrik tenaga air</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-kn_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-kn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perdagangan_luar_negeri">Perdagangan luar negeri</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaesong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaesong.jpg/205px-Kaesong.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaesong.jpg/308px-Kaesong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaesong.jpg/410px-Kaesong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Industri_Kaesong" title="Kawasan Industri Kaesong">Kawasan Industri Kaesong</a> adalah pusat industri ringan Korea Utara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tiongkok dan Korea Selatan masih menjadi penyumbang terbesar bantuan makanan kepada Korea Utara. Amerika Serikat menentang penyumbangan makanan ini karena kurangnya pengawasan.<sup id="cite_ref-assistance_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assistance-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2005, jumlah bantuan makanan dari Tiongkok dan Korea Selatan tercatat sebesar 1 juta ton.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain itu, sekitar 80 hingga 90 persen minyak impor Korut berasal dari Tiongkok, yang dijual dengan "harga teman" yang jauh lebih murah dibanding harga pasar dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaesong_familymart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kaesong_familymart.jpg/205px-Kaesong_familymart.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kaesong_familymart.jpg/308px-Kaesong_familymart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kaesong_familymart.jpg/410px-Kaesong_familymart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah toko di <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Industri_Kaesong" title="Daerah Industri Kaesong">Daerah Industri Kaesong</a>, pusat industri ringan Korea Utara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 19 September 2005, Korea Utara dijanjikan bantuan bahan bakar dan berbagai-bagai insentif non-pangan lainnya dari Korea Selatan, Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Rusia, dan Tiongkok sebagai pengganti penghentian program senjata nuklir dan ikut serta kembali ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Non-Proliferasi_Nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjanjian Non-Proliferasi Nuklir">Perjanjian Non-Proliferasi Nuklir</a>. Penyediaan makanan sebagai ganti untuk penghentian program senjata nuklir berdasarkan sejarahnya telah dihindarkan oleh Amerika Serikat sehingga tidaklah dirasakan sebagai "menggunakan makanan sebagai senjata".<sup id="cite_ref-cankor_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cankor-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bantuan kemanusiaan dari tetangga-tetangga Korea Utara telah dihentikan sebagai upaya agar Korea Utara mau melanjutkan kembali pembicaraan yang sempat terhenti. Misalnya, Korea Selatan pernah "menunda pertimbangan" 500.000 ton beras untuk Korea Utara pada 2006, tetapi gagasan menyediakan makanan sebagai insentif telah dihindari.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain itu, terdapat gangguan terhadap bantuan karena merebaknya perampokan <a href="/wiki/Lokomotif" title="Lokomotif">lokomotif</a> yang dipakai oleh Tiongkok untuk mengirimkan bahan makanan.<sup id="cite_ref-FT_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wonsan_waterfront_(2937890043).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg/205px-Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg/308px-Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg/410px-Wonsan_waterfront_%282937890043%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wonsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Kota_pelabuhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota pelabuhan">kota pelabuhan</a> yang penting dan pangkalan angkatan laut di tenggara Korea Utara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada Juli 2002, Korea Utara mulai bereksperimen dengan <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Ekonomi_Khusus_Rajin-Sonbong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Rajin-Sonbong (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Rajin-Sonbong</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Industri_Kaesong" title="Kawasan Industri Kaesong">Kawasan Industri Kaesong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejumlah kawasan lainnya telah dirancang sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kota-kota_khusus_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kota-kota khusus Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Daerah Administratif Khusus</a>, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Administratif_Khusus_Sin%C5%ADiju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Administratif Khusus Sinŭiju (halaman belum tersedia)">Sinŭiju</a> di sepanjang perbatasan Tiongkok dan Korea Utara. Tiongkok dan Korea Selatan adalah mitra perdagangan terpenting Korea Utara. Perdagangan dengan Tiongkok meningkat 15% menjadi $ 1,6 miliar, dan perdagangan dengan Korea Selatan meningkat 50% menjadi lebih dari $1 miliar pada tahun 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-cankor_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cankor-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dilaporkan bahwa jumlah telepon seluler di <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> bertambah dari hanya 3.000 pada 2002 menjadi hampir 20.000 pada 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, pada Juni 2004, telepon seluler menjadi terlarang lagi,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> hingga jaringan <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> baru, <a href="/wiki/Koryolink" title="Koryolink">Koryolink</a>, didirikan pada tahun 2008 melalui <i>joint venture</i> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orascom_Telecom_Holding&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orascom Telecom Holding (halaman belum tersedia)">Orascom Telecom Holding</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>. Pada Mei 2010, lebih dari 120.000 orang Korea Utara memiliki telepon genggam.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejumlah kecil unsur-unsur kapitalistik secara bertahap meluas dari kawasan percobaan, termasuk sejumlah papan iklan di sepanjang jalan raya tertentu. Beberapa pengunjung melaporkan bahwa jumlah pasar petani terbuka telah meningkat di <a href="/wiki/Kaesong" title="Kaesong">Kaesong</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, dan juga di sepanjang perbatasan Tiongkok-Korea Utara, melampaui sistem penjatahan makanan. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg/205px-Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg/308px-Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg/410px-Granja_de_Pollos_Hungju.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Peternakan ayam bersama di Hungju, provinsi <a href="/wiki/Chagang" title="Chagang">Chagang</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada sebuah peristiwa pada tahun 2003 yang dikenal sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insiden_Pong_Su&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Insiden Pong Su (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden Pong Su</a>", sebuah kapal kargo Korea Utara yang dituduh berupaya menyelundupkan heroin ke Australia telah diamankan oleh pihak yang berwajib di Australia, memperkuat prasangka Australia dan Amerika Serikat bahwa Pyongyang terlibat dalam penyelundupan narkotika internasional. Pemerintah Korea Utara menampik semua tuduhan keterlibatan.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pariwisata">Pariwisata</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pariwisata_di_Korea_Utara" title="Pariwisata di Korea Utara">Pariwisata di Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg/205px-Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg/308px-Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg/410px-Lake_samilpo_at_Kumgangsan_20020720.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_Pariwisata_K%C5%ADmgangsan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah Pariwisata Kŭmgangsan (halaman belum tersedia)">Daerah Pariwisata Kŭmgangsan</a> tersohor di antara wisatawan Korea Selatan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pariwisata di Korea Utara dikelola oleh Organisasi Pariwisata milik negara ("Ryohaengsa"). Tiap-tiap wisatawan berkelompok atau juga perseorangan didampingi secara tetap oleh satu atau dua orang "pemandu wisata" yang biasanya berbicara dengan bahasa ibu wisatawan. Sementara pariwisata telah meningkat selama beberapa tahun terakhir, jumlah wisatawan yang berasal dari Barat masih sedikit. Sebagian besar wisatawan yang berkunjung berasal dari Tiongkok, Rusia, dan Jepang. Warga negara Rusia lebih memilih Korea Utara sebagai tujuan wisata karena murah, minim pencemaran, dan cuacanya lebih hangat. Warga negara Korsel mustahil untuk memperoleh visa ke Korea Utara, tetapi mereka masih bisa mendapat "izin masuk" ke wilayah khusus wisata, seperti Kaesong. Warga negara AS juga tidak dapat memperoleh visa dan hanya bisa berkunjung pada saat dirayakannya <a href="/wiki/Festival_Arirang" title="Festival Arirang">Festival Arirang</a>; namun, larangan ini telah dicabut pada Januari 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di dalam wilayah <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ADmgangsan" title="Kŭmgangsan">Kŭmgangsan</a>-pegunungan, perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Hyundai" class="mw-disambig" title="Hyundai">Hyundai</a> mendirikan dan mengoperasikan kawasan wisata khusus. Kunjungan ke kawasan ini juga dimungkinkan bagi warga negara Amerika Serikat dan Korea Selatan, tetapi hanya dalam rombongan (bukan perseorangan) dari Korea Selatan. Perjalanan ke daerah ini untuk sementara dihentikan sejak seorang perempuan Korea Selatan yang mendekati zona militer telah ditembak mati oleh penjaga perbatasan pada akhir tahun 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Korea Utara secara sepihak telah mengumumkan akan mengambil alih aset Hyundai di wilayah tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportasi">Transportasi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_di_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi di Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Komunikasi di Korea Utara</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_di_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi di Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi di Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg/200px-Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg/300px-Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg/400px-Tram_North_Korea_PY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tram_Pyongyang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tram Pyongyang (halaman belum tersedia)">Tram Pyongyang</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Di pusat-pusat kota di Korea Utara terdapat bus dan tram, baik lokal maupun impor. Kereta-kereta api lama dibeli dari Eropa dan Tiongkok, tetapi embargo perdagangan telah memaksa Korea Utara untuk membuat kendaraan mereka sendiri. Jawatan Kereta Api Republik Demokratis Rakyat Korea, "Choson Cul Minzuzui Inmingonghoagug", adalah satu-satunya operator kereta api di Korea Utara. Perusahaan ini memiliki jaringan rel kereta api sepanjang 5.200&#160;km dengan 4.500&#160;km, beberapa di antaranya memenuhi <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Glimpse_of_North_Korea&#39;s_Railways_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Glimpse_of_North_Korea&#39;s_Railways-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ada rel sempit kecil yang beroperasi di Semenanjung Haeju.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Glimpse_of_North_Korea&#39;s_Railways_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Glimpse_of_North_Korea&#39;s_Railways-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kereta api tersebut terdiri dari campuran lokomotif uap dan listrik. Mobil paling banyak dibuat di Korea Utara menggunakan rancangan Soviet. Ada beberapa lokomotif dari Kekaisaran Jepang, Amerika Serikat, dan Eropa yang masih dipakai. Lokomotif bekas dari Tiongkok (DF4B, BJ Hidraulika, dll) juga masih dioperasikan. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sunan_International_Airport,_Pyongyang,_North_Korea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg/200px-Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg/300px-Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg/400px-Sunan_International_Airport%2C_Pyongyang%2C_North_Korea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2279" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il-76&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Il-76 (halaman belum tersedia)">Il-76</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu-204" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-204">Tu-204</a>, <a href="/wiki/Il-62" class="mw-redirect" title="Il-62">Il-62</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu-154&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tu-154 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-154</a> milik <a href="/wiki/Air_Koryo" title="Air Koryo">Air Koryo</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Sunan" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan">Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Transportasi air pada sungai-sungai utama dan di sepanjang pesisir memainkan peranan penting bagi lalu lintas barang dan manusia. Selain Sungai Yalu dan Taedong, sebagian besar jalur air di daratan, seluruhnya 2.253 kilometer, dilayani hanya oleh perahu-perahu kecil. Lalu lintas pesisir yang paling ramai berada di pantai timur, yang mampu mengakomodasi muatan yang lebih besar karena relatif lebih dalam. Pelabuhan-pelabuhan utama adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nampho&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nampho (halaman belum tersedia)">Nampho</a> di pesisir barat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajin (halaman belum tersedia)">Rajin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongjin" title="Chongjin">Chongjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hamhung" title="Hamhung">Hamhung</a> di pesisir timur. Pelabuhan yang dimiliki negara ini pada 1990-an memuat kapasitas kira-kira hampir 35 juta ton tiap tahunnya. Pada permulaan 1990-an, Korea Utara memiliki kapal dagang seberang lautan, sebagian besarnya adalah buatan dalam negeri, dengan 68 bahtera (berbobot kotor sekurang-kurangnya 1.000 ton), dengan bobot totalnya yang diizinkan 465.801 ton, yang termasuk di dalamnya 58 kapal kargo dan dua tanker. Terdapat investasi yang berkelanjutan di dalam hal perbaruan dan perluasan fasilitas pelabuhan, pembangunan transportasi terkhusus di Sungai Taedong—dan semakin seimbangnya perbandingan kargo internasional dengan muatan dalam negeri. </p><p>Perhubungan internasional udara dari dan ke Korea Utara dibatasi. Terdapat jadwal penerbangan berkala dari <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Sunan" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan">Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan</a>–24 kilometer di utara Pyongyang–ke <a href="/wiki/Moskow" title="Moskow">Moskow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makau" title="Makau">Makau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, penerbangan carteran dari Sunan ke Tokyo juga ke negara-negara Eropa Timur, Timur Tengah, dan Afrika. Sebuah perjanjian untuk merintis pelayanan antara Pyongyang dan Tokyo telah ditandatangani pada 1990. Penerbangan dalam negeri tersedia antara <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamhung" title="Hamhung">Hamhung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Chongjin" title="Chongjin">Chongjin</a>. Semua pesawat penerbangan sipil dilayani oleh <a href="/wiki/Air_Koryo" title="Air Koryo">Air Koryo</a> sebanyak 34 pesawat pada 2008, semua ini dipesan dari Uni Soviet dan kemudian Rusia. Sejak 1976 hingga 1978, empat jet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu-154&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tu-154 (halaman belum tersedia)">Tu-154</a> telah ditambahkan menyertai pesawat kecil An-24s kemudian menambahkan empat Ilyushin Il-62M berbadan panjang, tiga Ilyushin Il-76MD pesawat kargo besar dan 2 Tupolev Tu-204-300 berbadan panjang pada 2008. </p><p>Satu dari sedikit cara untuk memasuki Korea Utara adalah melalui <a href="/wiki/Jembatan_Persahabatan_Sino-Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Jembatan Persahabatan Sino-Korea">Jembatan Persahabatan Sino-Korea</a> atau melalui <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom" title="Panmunjom">Panmunjom</a>, bekas penyeberangan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yalu" title="Sungai Yalu">Sungai Amnok</a>, dan kemudian penyeberangan <a href="/wiki/Zona_Demiliterisasi_Korea" title="Zona Demiliterisasi Korea">Zona Demiliterisasi Korea</a>. </p><p>Kendaraan pribadi di Korea Utara merupakan pemandangan langka, tetapi sejak 2008, sekira 70% rumah tangga menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Sepeda" title="Sepeda">sepeda</a>, yang juga memainkan peran yang semakin penting di dalam perdagangan perseorangan berskala kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Korea_Utara" title="Demografi Korea Utara">Demografi Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG/225px-Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG" decoding="async" width="225" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG/338px-Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG/450px-Pyramide_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord.PNG 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Piramida_penduduk" title="Piramida penduduk">Piramida penduduk</a> Korea Utara</figcaption></figure> <p>Angka kasar penduduk Korea Utara adalah sekira 23 juta jiwa, salah satu negara dengan kelompok etnik dan bahasa paling seragam di dunia, dengan sangat sedikit orang Tiongkok, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Jepang_di_Korea_Utara" title="Orang Jepang di Korea Utara">Jepang</a>, Vietnam, Korea Selatan, dan minoritas ekspatriat Eropa. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Korea-North-demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Korea-North-demography.png/225px-Korea-North-demography.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Korea-North-demography.png/338px-Korea-North-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Korea-North-demography.png/450px-Korea-North-demography.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Grafik dinamika penduduk Korea Utara</figcaption></figure> <p>Menurut <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>, angka harapan hidup Korea Utara adalah 63,8 tahun pada 2009, sebuah gambaran kasar yang setara terhadap angka yang dicapai <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> dan sedikit di bawah <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Central_Intelligence_Agency_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Central_Intelligence_Agency-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angka_kematian_bayi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angka kematian bayi (halaman belum tersedia)">Angka kematian bayi</a> berada pada tingkatan yang tinggi 51,34; suatu angka yang 2,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada angka kematian bayi <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat Tiongkok">Republik Rakyat Tiongkok</a>, 5 kalinya <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, 12 kalinya <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-2091_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-2091-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut <i>The State of the world's Children 2003</i> UNICEF, Korea Utara berada pada peringkat ke-73 (tempat teratas laju kematian tertinggi), di antara <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> (ke-72) dan <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> (ke-74).<sup id="cite_ref-cia-2091_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-2091-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Angka_kesuburan_total" title="Angka kesuburan total">Angka kesuburan total</a> Korea Utara relatif rendah dengan angka 1,96 pada 2009; hampir sebanding dengan yang dimiliki <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3></div> <p>Korea Utara berbagi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Bahasa Korea</a> dengan Korea Selatan. Terdapat perbedaan dialek di kedua-dua Korea, tetapi perbatasan Utara dan Selatan tidaklah mewakili perbatasan bahasa secara jelas. Sementara di Korea Selatan lebih liberal, adopsi istilah-istilah modern dari bahasa asing lebih dibatasi di Korea Utara. <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanzi">Hanzi</a>) tidak lagi dipakai di Korea Utara, meski kadang-kadang masih dipakai di Korea Selatan. Kedua-dua Korea berbagi sistem penulisan fonetik yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chosongul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chosongul (halaman belum tersedia)">Chosongul</a> di utara dan <a href="/wiki/Hangul" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> di selatan Zone Demarkasi. <a href="/wiki/Romanisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi">Romanisasi</a> berbeda di kedua-dua negara, Korea Utara menggunakan sistem <a href="/wiki/McCune-Reischauer" title="McCune-Reischauer">McCune-Reischauer</a> dengan sedikit modifikasi, dan Korea Selatan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_Korea_yang_Direvisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi Korea yang Direvisi">Romanisasi Korea yang Direvisi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Korea_Utara" title="Agama di Korea Utara">Agama di Korea Utara</a></div> <p>Kedua-dua Korea berbagi warisan yang sama dari agama <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Konghucu" class="mw-redirect" title="Konghucu">Konghucu</a> Korea dan sejarah yang masih sangat baru dari agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dan pergerakan <a href="/wiki/Cheondoisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheondoisme">Cheondoisme</a> ("agama Jalan Surgawi"). Konstitusi Korea Utara menyatakan bahwa kebebasan beragama diizinkan.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut standar-standar agama Barat, sebagian besar penduduk Korea Utara dapat dikelompokkan sebagai "tidak beragama". Tetapi sebagian besar di antaranya didefinisikan "beragama" dari sudut pandang <a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">sosiologi</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pengaruh budaya agama-agama tradisional itu semisal Buddha dan Konghucu masih memiliki dampag pada kehidupan kerohanian Korea Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/250px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/375px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg/500px-Myogilsang-naegeumgang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah gambar relief kuno <a href="/wiki/Sang_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sang Buddha">Sang Buddha</a>, gunung Kumgang</figcaption></figure> <p>Bagaimanapun, penganut agama Buddha di Korea Utara dilaporkan bernasib lebih baik daripada kelompok agama lain; khususnya Kristen, yang dikatakan menghadapi hukuman dari pihak penguasa. Penganut agama Buddha diberi dana terbatas oleh pemerintah untuk mempromosikan agama itu, karena agama Buddha memainkan peran integral di dalam budaya tradisional Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, kegiatan keagamaan bebas tidak lagi ada di Korea Utara karena pemerintah mensponsori kelompok-kelompok keagamaan hanya untuk menciptakan ilusi kebebasan beragama.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Intelligence&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious Intelligence (halaman belum tersedia)">Religious Intelligence</a>, situasi keagamaan di Korea Utara adalah sebagai berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">Tidak beragama</a>: 15.460.000 pengikut (64,31% penduduk, majoritas yang dominan, mereka adalah penghayat filsafat Juche)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanisme_Korea" title="Shamanisme Korea">Shamanisme Korea</a>: 3.846.000 pengikut (16% penduduk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheondoisme">Cheondoisme</a>: 3.245.000 pengikut (13,50% penduduk)</li> <li>Agama <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>: 1.082.000 pengikut (4,50% penduduk)</li> <li>Agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>: 206.000 pengikut (5,69% penduduk)</li></ul> <p>Pyongyang adalah pusat kegiatan Kristen di Korea sebelum Perang Korea. Kini, empatbelas gereja yang diawasi negara ada di sini, di mana kebebasan beragama merupakan kasus khusus bagi orang asing.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Statistik pemerintah resmi melaporkan bahwa ada 10.000 <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> dan 4.000 penganut <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> di Korea Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut peringkat yang diterbitkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Open_Doors" title="Open Doors">Open Doors</a>, sebuah organisasi yang membantu orang Kristen yang dizalimi, Korea Utara kini menjadi sebuah negara dengan penzaliman terbanyak dan terbesar terhadap orang Kristen di antara negara-negara lain sedunia.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kelompok pembela <a href="/wiki/Hak_Asasi_Manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hak Asasi Manusia">Hak Asasi Manusia</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> juga mengungkapkan perhatian terhadap penzaliman keagamaan di Korea Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_di_Korea_Utara" title="Pendidikan di Korea Utara">Pendidikan di Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg/225px-Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg/338px-Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg/450px-Mangyondae_Schoolchildrens_Palace_in_Pyongyang_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Seorang perempuan pelajar di dalam sebuah sekolah di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangyongdae-guyok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangyongdae-guyok (halaman belum tersedia)">Mangyongdae</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pendidikan di Korea Utara dikendalikan oleh pemerintah dan wajib sampai jenjang menengah pertama. Pendidikan di Korea Utara gratis, dan negara menyediakan bagi para siswa tidak hanya fasilitas pengajaran dan pendidikan gratis, tetapi juga seragam dan buku panduan.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heuristik" class="mw-redirect" title="Heuristik">Heuristika</a> secara aktif diterapkan untuk membangun kemandirian dan kekreatifan para siswa.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pendidikan wajib berlangsung sebelas tahun, dan melewati satu tahun jenjang pra-sekolah, empat tahun <a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_dasar" title="Pendidikan dasar">pendidikan dasar</a> dan enam tahun <a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_menengah" title="Pendidikan menengah">pendidikan menengah</a>. Kurikulum sekolah di Korea Utara terdiri dari pokok-pokok bahasan akademik dan politik.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sekolah dasar dikenal sebagai sekolah rakyat dan anak-anak belajar di sekolah ini pada umur 6-9 tahun. Mereka kemudian melanjutkan ke sekolah lanjutan umum atau sekolah lanjutan kejuruan, bergantung pada kemampuan masing-masing. Mereka memasuki sekolah lanjutan pada usia sepuluh tahun dan menyudahinya pada umur 16 tahun. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendidikan tinggi">Pendidikan tinggi</a> tidaklah wajib di Korea Utara. Tahapan ini terdiri dari dua sistem: pendidikan tinggi akademik dan pendidikan tinggi untuk pendidikan berlanjut. Sistem pendidikan tinggi akademik meliputi tiga jenis lembaga: <a href="/wiki/Universitas" title="Universitas">universitas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_profesional&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah profesional (halaman belum tersedia)">sekolah profesional</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_teknik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah teknik (halaman belum tersedia)">sekolah teknik</a>. Tahap <a href="/wiki/Pascasarjana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascasarjana">pascasarjana</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Magister" title="Magister">magister</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">doktoral</a> diserahkan kepada universitas bagi mahasiswa yang ingin melanjutkan pendidikannya. Dua universitas ternama di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Kim_Il-sung" title="Universitas Kim Il-sung">Universitas Kim Il-sung</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Sains_dan_Teknologi_Pyongyang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Pyongyang (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Pyongyang</a>, kedua-duanya di <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>. </p><p>Korea Utara adalah salah satu negara yang paling melek huruf di dunia, dengan proporsi 99%.<sup id="cite_ref-cia-kn_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-kn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_di_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan di Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan di Korea Utara</a></div> <p>Pelayanan kesehatan dan perawatan medis di Korea Utara tidak menuntut pembebanan biaya kepada rakyat.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Korea Utara menganggarkan 3% PDB-nya untuk sektor kesehatan. Sejak tahun 1950-an, Korea Utara telah meletakkan fondasi yang kuat di sektor kesehatan, dan antara tahun 1955 dan 1986, banyaknya <a href="/wiki/Rumah_sakit" title="Rumah sakit">rumah sakit</a> bertambah dari 285 menjadi 2.401, dan banyaknya <a href="/wiki/Puskesmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Puskesmas">puskesmas</a>–dari 1.020 menjadi 5.644.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ada beberapa rumah sakit yang khusus melayani orang-orang pabrik dan pertambangan. Sejak tahun 1979 penekanan yang lebih baik diletakkan pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obat-obatan_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Obat-obatan Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">obat-obatan Korea</a> tradisional, didasarkan pada perawatan yang memanfaatkan produk herbal dan <a href="/wiki/Akupunktur" title="Akupunktur">akupunktur</a>. </p><p>Sistem kesehatan Korea Utara menurun drastis sejak tahun 1990-an karena bencana alam, masalah ekonomi, dan makanan dan menipisnya cadangan bahan bakar. Banyak rumah sakit dan puskesmas di Korea Utara kini sangat kekurangan peralatan medis, obat-obatan, air, dan listrik.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hampir 100% penduduk memperoleh akses air dan <a href="/wiki/Sanitasi" title="Sanitasi">sanitasi</a>, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya ideal. <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_infeksi" class="mw-disambig" title="Penyakit infeksi">Penyakit infeksi</a> semisal tuberkulosis, malaria, dan hepatitis B dianggap menjadi <a href="/wiki/Endemik_(epidemiologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemik (epidemiologi)">endemik</a> bagi negara ini.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut perkiraan 2009, angka harapan hidup orang Korea Utara adalah 63,8 tahun, sebuah gambaran yang mirip dengan Pakistan dan Myanmar dan sedikit lebih rendah daripada Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-Central_Intelligence_Agency_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Central_Intelligence_Agency-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di antara masalah kesehatan lainnya, banyak warga Korea Utara menderita akibat kekurangan gizi, yang disebabkan oleh musim paceklik yang berkaitan dengan gagalnya panen, program distribusi makanan, dan kebijakan prioritas bagi militer. Sebuah laporan PBB tahun 1998, <i>World Food Program</i> melaporkan bahwa 60% anak-anak menderita kekurangan gizi, dan 16% kurang gizi akut. Hasilnya, mereka yang menderita selama bencana selalu saja menghadapi masalah kesehatan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kota-kota_besar">Kota-kota besar</h3></div> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamhung" title="Hamhung">Hamhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongjin" title="Chongjin">Chongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampo" title="Nampo">Nampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuiju" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinuiju">Sinuiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongsong" title="Pyongsong">Pyongsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariwon" title="Sariwon">Sariwon</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:1.25em;"> </td> <td style="width:15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anju_(kota)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anju (kota) (halaman belum tersedia)">Anju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haeju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haeju (halaman belum tersedia)">Haeju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanggye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanggye (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanggye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchaek" title="Kimchaek">Kimchaek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyesan" title="Hyesan">Hyesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaesong" title="Kaesong">Kaesong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Songrim&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Songrim (halaman belum tersedia)">Songrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoeryong" title="Hoeryong">Hoeryong</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:1.25em;"> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg/220px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg/330px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg/440px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-01_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="2201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permainan_Massal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Permainan Massal (halaman belum tersedia)">Permainan Massal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg/170px-Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg/255px-Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg/340px-Kimchek-univ_e-library1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Perpustakaan elektronik Universitas Kimchaek di <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg/220px-Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg/330px-Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg/440px-Man_-_Anak_Tomb_No._3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah lukisan di salah satu ruang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Pekuburan_Goguryeo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Pekuburan Goguryeo (halaman belum tersedia)">Pekuburan Goguryeo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Seni dan sastra di Korea Utara dikendalikan sepenuhnya oleh negara dan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Buruh_Korea" title="Partai Buruh Korea">Partai Buruh Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebudayaan Korea mengalami penindasan pada masa <a href="/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepang_atas_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjajahan Jepang atas Korea">penjajahan Jepang</a> dari 1910 hingga 1945. Jepang menerapkan kebijakan <a href="/wiki/Asimilasi_(sosial)" title="Asimilasi (sosial)">asimilasi budaya</a>. Selama masa penjajahan itu, bangsa Korea dipaksa belajar dan berbahasa Jepang, mengadopsi sistem nama keluarga Jepang dan agama <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>, dan dilarang menulis atau berbicara menggunakan bahasa Korea di dalam sekolah, perdagangan, atau tempat-tempat umum lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain itu, bangsa Jepang menukar atau mengganti berbagai monumen Korea, seperti <a href="/wiki/Gyeongbokgung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeongbokgung">Istana Gyeongbok</a>, dan dokumen-dokumen yang menggambarkan bangsa Jepang secara buruk diubah. </p><p>Pada Juli 2004, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Pemakaman_Goguryeo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Pemakaman Goguryeo (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompleks Pemakaman Goguryeo</a> menjadi situs pertama di negara ini yang dimasukkan ke dalam daftar <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. </p><p>Pada Februari 2008, <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Philharmonic_Orchestra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Philharmonic Orchestra (halaman belum tersedia)">New York Philharmonic Orchestra</a> menjadi kelompok musik Amerika Serikat pertama yang melakukan pertunjukan di Korea Utara,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> meskipun hanya untuk "penonton undangan" yang dipilih.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konser ini disiarkan oleh televisi nasional.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah acara populer di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permainan_Massal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Permainan Massal (halaman belum tersedia)">Permainan Massal</a>. Permainan Massal terkini dan terbesar disebut "<a href="/wiki/Festival_Arirang" title="Festival Arirang">Festival Arirang</a>". Acara ini diselenggarakan selama enam malam berturut-turut setiap dua bulan, dan melibatkan lebih dari 100.000 peserta. Penonton acara ini dalam tahun-tahun terakhir melaporkan bahwa perasaan anti-Barat semakin menurun. Permainan Massal melibatkan pertunjukan tarian, senam, dan sederetan <a href="/wiki/Koreografi" title="Koreografi">koreografi</a> yang merayakan sejarah Revolusi Korea Utara dan Partai Buruh. Permainan diadakan di beberapa tempat di Pyongyang, seperti <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Hari_Buruh_Rungrado" title="Stadion Hari Buruh Rungrado">Stadion Hari Buruh Rungrado</a>, yang merupakan stadion terbesar di dunia dengan daya tampung 150.000 orang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Olahraga_di_Korea_Utara" title="Olahraga di Korea Utara">Olahraga di Korea Utara</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg/220px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg/330px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg/440px-FIFA_World_Cup_2010_Brazil_North_Korea_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Korea Utara (berseragam merah) melawan Brasil dalam <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia_2010" class="mw-disambig" title="Piala Dunia 2010">Piala Dunia 2010</a> di Afrika Selatan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mungkin peristiwa olahraga yang paling dikenal baik di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Festival_Arirang" title="Festival Arirang">Festival Arirang</a> yang diselenggarakan setiap tahun. Atraksi utama Arirang adalah unjuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senam_massal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senam massal (halaman belum tersedia)">senam massal</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Sepak_bola" title="Sepak bola">sepak bola</a>, ada 15 klub yang berkompetisi dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Liga Korea Utara</a> level satu dan pertandingan untuk Kontes Inovasi Teknis maupun Kejuaraan Republik. Tim nasional sepak bola, Chollima, berafiliasi ke dalam <a href="/wiki/AFC" class="mw-disambig" title="AFC">AFC</a> berperingkat 105 <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> pada tanggal 26 Mei 2010. Tim ini berkompetisi dalam final <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia" class="mw-disambig" title="Piala Dunia">Piala Dunia</a> tahun 1966 dan 2010. Dalam hoki, Korea Utara memiliki sebuah tim nasional hoki putera yang menduduki peringkat ke-43 dari total 49<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan berkompetisi di Divisi II. Tim puteri menduduki peringkat ke-21 dari total 34<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan berkompetisi di Divisi II. </p><p>Korea Utara berkompetisi dalam <a href="/wiki/Olimpiade" title="Olimpiade">Olimpiade</a> sejak tahun 1964 (olimpiade musim dingin) dan mulai ikut serta dalam olimpiade musim panas pada tahun 1972 dengan membawa pulang lima medali, termasuk satu emas. Kode IOC Korea Utara adalah PRK. </p><p>Korea Utara memboikot Olimpiade 1988 di <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. </p><p>Pada Olimpiade 2004, Athena, Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan berparade bersama-sama dalam upacara pembukaan dan penutupan di bawah bendera unifikasi, tetapi berkompetisi secara terpisah. Sejak itu, Korea Utara selalu meraih medali pada setiap olimpiade musim panas yang diikuti. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seni_bela_diri" title="Seni bela diri">Seni bela diri</a> <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a> berasal dari Korea. Pada dasawarsa 1950-an dan 1960-an, aturan-aturan modern dibakukan dan taekwondo menjadi cabang olahraga resmi olimpiade pada tahun 2000. Seni bela diri Korea lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon">taekkyeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">hapkido</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tang_soo_do&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tang soo do (halaman belum tersedia)">tang soo do</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuk_sool_won&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuk sool won (halaman belum tersedia)">kuk sool won</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumdo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumdo (halaman belum tersedia)">kumdo</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Subak_(bela_diri)" title="Subak (bela diri)">subak</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masyarakat">Masyarakat</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hak_asasi_manusia">Hak asasi manusia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_asasi_di_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak asasi di Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Hak asasi di Korea Utara</a></div> <p>Beberapa organisasi <a href="/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia" title="Hak asasi manusia">hak asasi manusia</a> internasional, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, menilai Korea Utara sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki catatan hak asasi manusia terburuk.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Orang Korea Utara sering disebut sebagai "orang yang paling diperlakukan brutal di dunia", karena beberapa batasan yang ketat diletakkan di atas kebebasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebebasan_(politik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebebasan (politik) (halaman belum tersedia)">politik</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebebasan_ekonomi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebebasan ekonomi (halaman belum tersedia)">ekonomi</a> mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pengungsi_Korea_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengungsi Korea Utara">Pengungsi Korea Utara</a> telah menyaksikan keberadaan perkampungan penjara dan tahanan dengan kira-kira 150.000 sampai 200.000 penghuni (setara 0,85% seluruh penduduk), dan telah melaporkan adanya penyiksaan, kelaparan, pemerkosaan, pembunuhan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percobaan_manusia_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Percobaan manusia Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">percobaan medis</a>, buruh paksa, dan pengguguran janin paksa.<sup id="cite_ref-hrnk_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrnk-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg/225px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg/338px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg/450px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Grand_Peoples_Study_House-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="2841" /></a><figcaption>Seorang pria sipil berseragam mengendarai sepeda di Pyongyang. Seragam seperti ini adalah bagian dari peraturan busana yang diamanatkan negara secara nasional.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sistem ini sedikit berubah pada akhir 1990-an, ketika jumlah penduduk menjadi sangat sedikit. Di banyak kasus, ketika pemberangusan modal menjadi <i>de facto</i>, ia digantikan oleh beberapa pemberangusan yang ringan. Praktik suap-menyuap menjadi lumrah di negara ini. Banyak orang Korea Utara kini secara ilegal mengenakan pakaian yang berasal dari Korea Selatan, mendengarkan musik Korea Selatan, menonton kaset atau CD video Korea Selatan, dan bahkan menangkap siaran radio atau televisi Korea Selatan.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kultus_individu">Kultus individu</h4></div> <p>Pemerintah Korea Utara menjalankan kendali yang ketat ke atas seluruh sendi kebudayaan nasional, dan pengendalian ini digunakan untuk mengabadikan <a href="/wiki/Pemujaan_kepribadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemujaan kepribadian">pemujaan kepribadian</a> yang tidak jauh dari Kim Il-sung, dan, untuk sebuah perpanjangan yang tidak begitu besar, bagi Kim Jong-il. Ketika mengunjungi Korea Utara pada 1979, seorang wartawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Martin (halaman belum tersedia)">Bradley Martin</a> melaporkan bahwa hampir semua musik, seni, dan pahatan yang telah dia amati disajikan demi mengagung-agungkan "Pemimpin Agung" Kim Il-sung, yang mana pemujaan kepribadian ini kemudian diperpanjang kepada puteranya, "Pemimpin Terkasih" Kim Jong-il.<sup id="cite_ref-LovingCare_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LovingCare-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lagu <a href="/wiki/Tiada_Ibu_Pertiwi_Tanpamu" title="Tiada Ibu Pertiwi Tanpamu">Tiada Ibu Pertiwi Tanpamu</a>, dinyanyikan oleh Koor Tentara Korea Utara, digubah terkhusus untuk Kim Jong-Il dan merupakan salah satu dari komposisi nada yang paling merakyat di negara ini. Kim Il-sung resminya masih saja dipandang sebagai "Presiden Abadi" bangsa. Beberapa bangunan ciri khas kota di Korea Utara dinamai menurut nama Kim Il-sung, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Kim_Il-sung" title="Universitas Kim Il-sung">Universitas Kim Il-sung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Kim_Il-sung" title="Stadion Kim Il-sung">Stadion Kim Il-sung</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alun-Alun_Kim_Il-sung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alun-Alun Kim Il-sung (halaman belum tersedia)">Alun-Alun Kim Il-sung</a>. Para pencela telah dikutip dengan mengatakan bahwa sekolah-sekolah Korea Utara mempertuhankan kedua-dua ayah dan anak itu.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kim Il-sung menolak tuduhan bahwa ia menciptakan upaya pemujaan ke arah dirinya sendiri dan menuduh siapa saja yang mengemukakan pendapat ini sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Faksi_politik" title="Faksi politik">faksionalisme</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-LovingCare_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LovingCare-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kritik menyatakan bahwa kultus Kim Jong-il diwariskan dari ayahnya, Kim Il-sung. Ia sering kali menjadi pusat perhatian seluruh kehidupan awam di Korea Utara. Hari kelahirannya adalah hari libur terpenting di negara ini. Pada peringatan kelahiran yang ke-60 (menurut tanggal kelahiran resminya), perayaan massal diselenggarakan di seluruh pelosok negara ini.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pemujaan kepribadian Kim Jong-il, kendati signifikan, tidaklah segencar terhadap ayahnya. Pada 2004, beberapa potret resminya diambil dari gedung-gedung umum.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salah satu sudut pandang mengungkapkan bahwa pemujaan kepribadian Kim Jong Il dilakukan semata-mata demi menghargai Kim Il-sung atau menghindari proses peradilan karena kegagalan membayar sewa rumah.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sumber-sumber media dan pemerintah dari luar Korea Utara pada umumnya mendukung pandangan ini,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sementara sumber-sumber pemerintah Korea Utara mengatakan bahwa hal ini adalah murni pemujaan terhadap pahlawan sejati.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyatuan_Korea">Penyatuan Korea</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Reunifikasi_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunifikasi Korea">Reunifikasi Korea</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/160px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/240px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/320px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bendera penyatuan Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Kebijakan Korea Utara adalah mencari penyatuan kembali (reunifikasi) tanpa adanya campur tangan pihak asing (luar Korea), melalui suatu struktur federal mempertahankan kepemimpinan dan sistem masing-masing. Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan menandatangani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pernyataan_Bersama_Utara-Selatan_15_Juni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pernyataan Bersama Utara-Selatan 15 Juni (halaman belum tersedia)">Pernyataan Bersama Utara-Selatan 15 Juni</a> di mana kedua-dua pihak berjanji untuk mencari cara supaya dapat menyatu kembali secara damai.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Republik Federal Demokratis Korea adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_yang_diajukan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara yang diajukan (halaman belum tersedia)">negara yang diajukan</a> yang pertama disebutkan oleh Presiden Kim Il Sung pada 10 Oktober 1980 di dalam proposal federasi antara Korea Utara dan <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a> di mana sistem politik masing-masing pada mulanya akan dipertahankan.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Media Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Media Korea Utara</a></div> <p>Media Korea Utara sangat dikendalikan oleh pemerintah. Informasi dijaga ketat, apakah itu ke luar atau ke dalam Korea Utara. Konstitusi Korea Utara menjamin <a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_berpendapat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebebasan berpendapat">kebebasan berpendapat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_pers" title="Kebebasan pers">pers</a>; tetapi, kenyataannya, pemerintah melarang pelaksanaan hak-hak ini. <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> pada tahun 2008 menggolongkan media di Korea Utara pada urutan 172 dari 173, setingkat dari <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rwb_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rwb-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hanya berita yang sehaluan dengan rezim yang diizinkan, sementara berita yang meliputi masalah ekonomi dan politik negara ini, atau kritik terhadap rezim, dilarang.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Media bertanggung jawab memelihara pemujaan kepribadian terhadap <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a>. Pemasok berita utama bagi media di Korea Utara adalah <a href="/wiki/Korean_Central_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Central News Agency">Korean Central News Agency</a>. </p><p>Korea Utara memiliki 12 surat kabar terkemuka dan 20 media cetak non-harian. Semua media cetak itu berbeda-beda periode terbitnya dan semuanya dicetak di <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Surat kabar harian yang dimaksud misalnya <i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i>, <i>Joson Inmingun</i>, <i>Minju Choson</i>, dan <i>Rodongja Sinmum</i>. Di Korut tidak ada pers milik swasta.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peta Korea Utara"><img alt="Peta Korea Utara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg/96px-North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg/145px-North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg/193px-North_Korea_1996_CIA_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Peta Korea Utara</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Panmunjeom2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panmunjom, perbatasan antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan"><img alt="Panmunjom, perbatasan antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Panmunjeom2.jpg/120px-Panmunjeom2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Panmunjeom2.jpg/180px-Panmunjeom2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Panmunjeom2.jpg/240px-Panmunjeom2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panmunjom, perbatasan antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sebuah kota di Provinsi Pyongan Utara"><img alt="Sebuah kota di Provinsi Pyongan Utara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG/120px-NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG/180px-NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG/240px-NorthKorea_Pyongan-North.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sebuah kota di Provinsi Pyongan Utara</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menara Juche di Pyongyang"><img alt="Menara Juche di Pyongyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg/90px-Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg/135px-Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg/180px-Pyongyang_JucheTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="451" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Menara Juche di Pyongyang</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Korea" title="Perang Korea">Perang Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">58% agnostik, 15% ateis. Korea Utara secara resmi adalah <a href="/wiki/Negara_ateis" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara ateis">negara ateis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_rakyat_Tiongkok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama rakyat Tiongkok (halaman belum tersedia)">agama rakyat Tiongkok</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aaa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aaa_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim Jong-un saat ini merangkap empat jabatan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Partai_Buruh_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Partai Buruh Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Partai Buruh Korea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Komisi_Militer_Pusat_Partai_Buruh_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Komisi Militer Pusat Partai Buruh Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Komisi Militer Pusat Partai Buruh Korea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketua_Komisi_Urusan_Negara_Korea_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara Korea Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketua Komisi Urusan Negara Korea Utara</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panglima_Tertinggi_Tentara_Rakyat_Korea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Panglima Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">Panglima Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea</a>. Jabatan yang terakhir menjadikannya sebagai "pemimpin tertinggi" Korea Utara.</span> </li> </ol> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> dengan nama "bbb" yang didefinisikan di <code>&lt;references&gt;</code> tidak digunakan pada teks sebelumnya.</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Minahan2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Minahan, James B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA147"><i>Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. hlm.&#160;147. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-61069-018-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-61069-018-8">978-1-61069-018-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara&amp;rft.pages=147&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61069-018-8&amp;rft.aulast=Minahan&amp;rft.aufirst=James+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA147&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AltonChidley2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AltonChidley2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alton, David; Chidley, Rob (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eTWqpOOXI_QC&amp;pg=PA89"><i>Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea?</i></a>. Oxford: Lion Books. hlm.&#160;89. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7459-5598-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7459-5598-8">978-0-7459-5598-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Building+Bridges%3A+Is+There+Hope+for+North+Korea%3F&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=89&amp;rft.pub=Lion+Books&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7459-5598-8&amp;rft.aulast=Alton&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=Chidley%2C+Rob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeTWqpOOXI_QC%26pg%3DPA89&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LccRAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA642">"Korea, North"</a>. <i>Britannica Book of the Year 2014</i>. London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2014. hlm.&#160;642. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-62513-171-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-62513-171-3">978-1-62513-171-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Korea%2C+North&amp;rft.btitle=Britannica+Book+of+the+Year+2014&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=642&amp;rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-62513-171-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLccRAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA642&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unstats08-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unstats08_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>unstats08</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-north/">"Explore all countries–North Korea"</a>. <i>World Fact Book</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 Oktober</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Fact+Book&amp;rft.atitle=Explore+all+countries%E2%80%93North+Korea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fkorea-north%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf">"DPR Korea 2008 Population Census National Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Pyongyang: DPRK Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. hlm.&#160;14. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf#20">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 31 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DPR+Korea+2008+Population+Census+National+Report&amp;rft.place=Pyongyang&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft.pub=DPRK+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fsources%2Fcensus%2F2010_PHC%2FNorth_Korea%2FFinal%2520national%2520census%2520report.pdf%2320&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAGDP(PPP)-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAGDP(PPP)_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>CIAGDP(PPP)</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CIAGDP(PPP)Capita-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAGDP(PPP)Capita_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>CIAGDP(PPP)Capita</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.un.org/en/iso/kp.html">"UNData app"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=UNData+app&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2Fen%2Fiso%2Fkp.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/259/hdr_1998_en_complete_nostats.pdf#33">"Table 1.3&#160;: HDI ranking for developing countries, 1995"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Development Report 1998</i>. United Nations Development Program. 1998. hlm.&#160;33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Development+Report+1998&amp;rft.atitle=Table+1.3+%3A+HDI+ranking+for+developing+countries%2C+1995&amp;rft.pages=33&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2F259%2Fhdr_1998_en_complete_nostats.pdf%2333&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/258/hdr_1997_en_complete_nostats.pdf#55">"Table 1.3&#160;: HDI ranking for developing countries, 1994"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Human Development Report 1997</i>. United Nations Development Program. 1997. hlm.&#160;45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Development+Report+1997&amp;rft.atitle=Table+1.3+%3A+HDI+ranking+for+developing+countries%2C+1994&amp;rft.pages=45&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2F258%2Fhdr_1997_en_complete_nostats.pdf%2355&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/news/?19+8938">"Decree on Redesignating Pyongyang Time"</a>. <i>Naenara</i>. 30 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naenara&amp;rft.atitle=Decree+on+Redesignating+Pyongyang+Time&amp;rft.date=2018-04-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naenara.com.kp%2Fen%2Fnews%2F%3F19%2B8938&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIATelephone-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIATelephone_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>CIATelephone</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hersher2016-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hersher2016_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Hersher2016</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,528320,00.html">"U.S.: N. Korea Boosting Guerrilla War Capabilities"</a>. FOX News Network, LLC. 2009-06-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627213353/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,528320,00.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.%3A+N.+Korea+Boosting+Guerrilla+War+Capabilities&amp;rft.date=2009-06-23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C528320%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sanger, David E. (1991-05-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/29/world/north-korea-reluctantly-seeks-un-seat.html">"North Korea Reluctantly Seeks U.N. Seat"</a>. The New York Times Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511110505/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/29/world/north-korea-reluctantly-seeks-un-seat.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korea+Reluctantly+Seeks+U.N.+Seat&amp;rft.date=1991-05-29&amp;rft.aulast=Sanger&amp;rft.aufirst=David+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F29%2Fworld%2Fnorth-korea-reluctantly-seeks-un-seat.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jeong, Jae Sung (2009-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01700&amp;num=4970">"KCNA: Korean Peninsula in State of War"</a>. <i>The Daily NK</i>. The Daily NK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630080039/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01700&amp;num=4970">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+NK&amp;rft.atitle=KCNA%3A+Korean+Peninsula+in+State+of+War&amp;rft.date=2009-05-27&amp;rft.aulast=Jeong&amp;rft.aufirst=Jae+Sung&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynk.com%2Fenglish%2Fread.php%3FcataId%3Dnk01700%26num%3D4970&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Spencer, Richard (2007-08-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227021014/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F08%2F28%2Fwnkorea128.xml">"North Korea power struggle looms"</a>. <i>The Telegraph (online version of UK national newspaper)</i>. London. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/28/wnkorea128.xml">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>. <q>A power struggle to succeed Kim Jong-il as leader of North Korea's Stalinist dictatorship may be looming after his eldest son was reported to have returned from semi-voluntary exile.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph+%28online+version+of+UK+national+newspaper%29&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korea+power+struggle+looms&amp;rft.date=2007-08-28&amp;rft.aulast=Spencer&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F08%2F28%2Fwnkorea128.xml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Lloyd_Parry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Lloyd Parry (halaman belum tersedia)">Parry, Richard Lloyd</a> (2007-09-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2388356.ece">"North Korea's nuclear 'deal' leaves Japan feeling nervous"</a>. <i>The Times (online version of UK's national newspaper of record)</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726115520/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2388356.ece">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>. <q>The US Government contradicted earlier North Korean claims that it had agreed to remove the Stalinist dictatorship’s designation as a terrorist state and to lift economic sanctions, as part of talks aimed at disarming Pyongyang of its nuclear weapons.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+%28online+version+of+UK%27s+national+newspaper+of+record%29&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korea%27s+nuclear+%27deal%27+leaves+Japan+feeling+nervous&amp;rft.date=2007-09-05&amp;rft.aulast=Parry&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+Lloyd&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle2388356.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynn_Walsh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynn Walsh (halaman belum tersedia)">Walsh, Lynn</a> (2003-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203224805/http://socialistworld.net/eng/2003/02/08korea.html">"The Korean crisis"</a>. <i>CWI online: Socialism Today, February 2003 edition, journal of the Socialist Party, CWI England and Wales</i>. socialistworld.net, website of the committee for a worker’s international. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialistworld.net/eng/2003/02/08korea.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>. <q>Kim Jong-il's regime needs economic concessions to avoid collapse, and just as crucially needs an end to the strategic siege imposed by the US since the end of the Korean war (1950–53). Pyongyang's nuclear brinkmanship, though potentially dangerous, is driven by fear rather than by militaristic ambition. The rotten Stalinist dictatorship faces the prospect of an implosion. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, which deprived North Korea of vital economic support, the regime has consistently attempted to secure from the US a non-aggression pact, recognition of its sovereignty, and economic assistance. The US's equally consistent refusal to enter into direct negotiations with North Korea, effectively ruling out a peace treaty to formally close the 1950–53 Korean war, has encouraged the regime to resort to nuclear blackmail.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CWI+online%3A+Socialism+Today%2C+February+2003+edition%2C+journal+of+the+Socialist+Party%2C+CWI+England+and+Wales&amp;rft.atitle=The+Korean+crisis&amp;rft.date=2003-02-08&amp;rft.aulast=Walsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Lynn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocialistworld.net%2Feng%2F2003%2F02%2F08korea.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><cite class="citation web">Oakley, Corey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sa.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=333&amp;Itemid=106">"US is threat to peace not North Korea"</a>. <i>Edition 109 - October–November 2006</i>. Socialist Alternative website in Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223044536/http://www.sa.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=333&amp;Itemid=106">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>. <q>In this context, the constant attempts by the Western press to paint Kim Jong-il as simply a raving lunatic look, well, mad. There is no denying that the regime he presides over is a nasty Stalinist dictatorship that brutally oppresses its own population. But in the face of constant threats from the US, Pyongyang's actions have a definite rationality from the regime's point of view.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Edition+109+-+October%E2%80%93November+2006&amp;rft.atitle=US+is+threat+to+peace+not+North+Korea&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Oakley&amp;rft.aufirst=Corey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sa.org.au%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D333%26Itemid%3D106&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nysuccess-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nysuccess_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nysuccess_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Brooke_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Brooke (journalist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Brooke, James</a> (2003-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905053600/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/02/international/asia/02CND-KORE.html?ex=1380513600&amp;en=a29d7f1e49aabee0&amp;ei=5007&amp;partner=USERLAND">"North Korea Says It Is Using Plutonium to Make A-Bombs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/02/international/asia/02CND-KORE.html?ex=1380513600&amp;en=a29d7f1e49aabee0&amp;ei=5007&amp;partner=USERLAND">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-31</span></span>. <q>North Korea, run by a Stalinist dictatorship for almost six decades, is largely closed to foreign reporters and it is impossible to independently check today's claims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korea+Says+It+Is+Using+Plutonium+to+Make+A-Bombs&amp;rft.date=2003-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Brooke&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F10%2F02%2Finternational%2Fasia%2F02CND-KORE.html%3Fex%3D1380513600%26en%3Da29d7f1e49aabee0%26ei%3D5007%26partner%3DUSERLAND&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intimes-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intimes_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intimes_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Baruma, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Let_The_Music_Play_On/articleshow/2859521.cms">"Leader Article: Let The Music Play On"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425022415/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Let_The_Music_Play_On/articleshow/2859521.cms">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-03-27</span></span>. <q>North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is one of the world's most oppressive, closed, and vicious dictatorships. It is perhaps the last living example of pure totalitarianism - control of the state over every aspect of human life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=Leader+Article%3A+Let+The+Music+Play+On&amp;rft.aulast=Baruma&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FLet_The_Music_Play_On%2Farticleshow%2F2859521.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Finn, Peter (2009-06-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/07/AR2009060700717.html">"U.S. to Weigh Returning North Korea to Terror List"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090607195143/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/07/AR2009060700717.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-19</span></span>. <q>The Bush administration removed North Korea from the list of terrorist states last year as part of an unfulfilled commitment by the dictatorship to dismantle its nuclear weapons program.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+to+Weigh+Returning+North+Korea+to+Terror+List&amp;rft.date=2009-06-08&amp;rft.aulast=Finn&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F06%2F07%2FAR2009060700717.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea_(1972)">"Constitution of North Korea (1972)"</a>. 1972. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611174609/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea_(1972)">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Constitution+of+North+Korea+%281972%29&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FConstitution_of_North_Korea_%281972%29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Juche-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Juche_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Martin, Bradley K. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/underlovingcareo0000mart"><i>Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty</i></a>. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/underlovingcareo0000mart/page/111">111</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-312-32322-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-312-32322-0">0-312-32322-0</a>. <q>Although it was in that 1955 speech that Kim gave full voice to his arguments for <i>juche</i>, he had been talking along similar lines as early as 1948.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Under+the+Loving+Care+of+the+Fatherly+Leader%3A+North+Korea+and+the+Kim+Dynasty&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=111&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-312-32322-0&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Bradley+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderlovingcareo0000mart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714213705/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&amp;year=2006&amp;country=6993">"Freedom in the World, 2006"</a>. Freedom House. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&amp;year=2006&amp;country=6993">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-02-13</span></span>. <q>Citizens of North Korea cannot change their government democratically. North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship and one of the most restrictive countries in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World%2C+2006&amp;rft.pub=Freedom+House&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Ftemplate.cfm%3Fpage%3D22%26year%3D2006%26country%3D6993&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_TABLE_2007_v3.pdf">"Economist Intelligence Unit democracy index 2006"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413191120/http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_TABLE_2007_v3.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Economist+Intelligence+Unit+democracy+index+2006&amp;rft.pub=Economist+Intelligence+Unit&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2FDEMOCRACY_TABLE_2007_v3.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> North Korea ranked in last place (167, lower is better)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11465278">"A portrait of North Korea's new rich"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 2008-05-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080802001701/http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11465278">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-18</span></span>. <q>EVERY developing country worth its salt has a bustling middle class that is transforming the country and thrilling the markets. So does Stalinist North Korea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=A+portrait+of+North+Korea%27s+new+rich&amp;rft.date=2008-05-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D11465278&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cumings1981-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cumings1981_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cumings1981_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Cummings, <i>The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. 1: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945–1947</i>, Princeton University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Martin, Bradley K. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/underlovingcareo0000mart"><i>Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty</i></a>. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books +. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/underlovingcareo0000mart/page/66">66</a>–67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-312-32322-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-312-32322-0">0-312-32322-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Under+the+Loving+Care+of+the+Fatherly+Leader%3A+North+Korea+and+the+Kim+Dynasty&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=66-67&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books+%2B&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-312-32322-0&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Bradley+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderlovingcareo0000mart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TruceTent-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TruceTent_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hermes, Jr., Walter (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/korea/truce/fm.htm"><i>Truce Tent and Fighting Front</i></a>. Center of Military History. hlm.&#160;2,6,9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071202134614/http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/korea/truce/fm.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Truce+Tent+and+Fighting+Front&amp;rft.pages=2%2C6%2C9&amp;rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.aulast=Hermes%2C+Jr.&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Fcmh-pg%2Fbooks%2Fkorea%2Ftruce%2Ffm.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821075624/http://www.kcckp.net/en/one/nation.php?1+joint">"North-South Joint Declaration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Naenara" title="Naenara">Naenara</a></i>. 2000-06-15. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcckp.net/en/one/nation.php?1+joint">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naenara&amp;rft.atitle=North-South+Joint+Declaration&amp;rft.date=2000-06-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcckp.net%2Fen%2Fone%2Fnation.php%3F1%2Bjoint&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKSEO16392220071004">"Factbox - North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223105941/http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKSEO16392220071004">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2007-12-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/Jta/Kr/KrGEO0.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Climate</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050806002431/http://www.korea-dpr.com/faq.htm#18">"18. Is North Korea a 'Stalinist' state?"</a>. <i>DPRK FAQ; Document approved by Zo Sun Il</i>. Official Webpages of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 2005-05-05. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korea-dpr.com/faq.htm#18">versi asli</a> tanggal 2005-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1998-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028080357/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/061st_issue/98091708.htm">"DPRK's Socialist Constitution (Full Text)"</a>. <i>The People's Korea</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/061st_issue/98091708.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+People%27s+Korea&amp;rft.atitle=DPRK%27s+Socialist+Constitution+%28Full+Text%29&amp;rft.date=1998-09-15&amp;rft.au=10th+Supreme+People%27s+Assembly.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.korea-np.co.jp%2Fpk%2F061st_issue%2F98091708.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8078324.stm">"N Korea 'names Kim's successor<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. BBC. 2009-06-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308235914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8078324.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=N+Korea+%27names+Kim%27s+successor%27&amp;rft.date=2009-06-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F8078324.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930152339/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/165th_issue/2001072510.htm">"Kim Yong Nam Visits 3 ASEAN Nations To Strengthen Traditional Ties"</a>. <i>The People's Korea</i>. 2001. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/165th_issue/2001072510.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+People%27s+Korea&amp;rft.atitle=Kim+Yong+Nam+Visits+3+ASEAN+Nations+To+Strengthen+Traditional+Ties&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.korea-np.co.jp%2Fpk%2F165th_issue%2F2001072510.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/07/18/nkorea.iaea/index.html">"U.N. verifies closure of North Korean nuclear facilities"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810103257/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/07/18/nkorea.iaea/index.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=U.N.+verifies+closure+of+North+Korean+nuclear+facilities&amp;rft.au=CNN&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2007%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2F07%2F18%2Fnkorea.iaea%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2007/103711.htm">"Country Reports on Terrorism: Chapter 3 -- State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505195257/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2007/103711.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Terrorism%3A+Chapter+3+--+State+Sponsors+of+Terrorism+Overview&amp;rft.au=Office+of+the+Coordinator+for+Counterterrorism&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fs%2Fct%2Frls%2Fcrt%2F2007%2F103711.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/korea.html">"Country Guide"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100524123409/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/korea.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22N+Korea+to+face+Japan+sanctions%22&amp;rft.au=BBC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F5074234.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/10/11/us.north.korea/index.html">"U.S. takes North Korea off terror list"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/search/YIBW_showSearchArticle.aspx?searchpart=article&amp;searchtext=%E5%8C%97%20%EC%88%98%EA%B5%90%EA%B5%AD%20%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EA%B3%B5%EA%B4%80&amp;contents_id=AKR20090302193700083">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=CIA+-+The+World+Factbook+--+Country+Comparison+%3A%3A+Life+expectancy+at+birth&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2102rank.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-2091-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia-2091_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia-2091_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">"Infant mortality rate"</a>. <i>The World Factbook -- Country Comparisons</i>. CIA. 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2018-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook+--+Country+Comparisons&amp;rft.atitle=Infant+mortality+rate&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2091rank.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153240/https://www.unicef.org/sowc03/tables/table1.html">"The State of the World's Children 2003"</a>. UNICEF. 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/sowc03/tables/table1.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+World%27s+Children+2003&amp;rft.pub=UNICEF&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fsowc03%2Ftables%2Ftable1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html">"Total fertility rate"</a>. <i>The World Factbook -- Country Comparisons</i>. CIA. 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook+--+Country+Comparisons&amp;rft.atitle=Total+fertility+rate&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2127rank.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028080357/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/061st_issue/98091708.htm">"DPRK's Socialist Constitution (Full Text)"</a>. The People's Korea. 1998. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/061st_issue/98091708.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DPRK%27s+Socialist+Constitution+%28Full+Text%29&amp;rft.pub=The+People%27s+Korea&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.korea-np.co.jp%2Fpk%2F061st_issue%2F98091708.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>; see Chapter 5, Article 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nash, Amy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Korean-Americans.html">"Korean Americans - Overview, Early history, Modern era, The first koreans in america, Significant immigration waves"</a>. <i>Multicultural America</i>. Advameg Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718083409/http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Korean-Americans.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Multicultural+America&amp;rft.atitle=Korean+Americans+-+Overview%2C+Early+history%2C+Modern+era%2C+The+first+koreans+in+america%2C+Significant+immigration+waves&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.aulast=Nash&amp;rft.aufirst=Amy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyculture.com%2Fmulti%2FHa-La%2FKorean-Americans.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/North-Korea.html">"Culture of North Korea - Alternative name, History and ethnic relations"</a>. <i>Countries and Their Cultures</i>. Advameg Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805183929/http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/North-Korea.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Countries+and+Their+Cultures&amp;rft.atitle=Culture+of+North+Korea+-+Alternative+name%2C+History+and+ethnic+relations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyculture.com%2FJa-Ma%2FNorth-Korea.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518081122/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html#People">"CIA The World Factbook -- North Korea"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html#People">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CIA+The+World+Factbook+--+North+Korea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fkn.html%23People&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm">"Background Note: North Korea"</a>. U.S. State Department. 2009-2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090701191406/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+North+Korea&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+State+Department&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2792.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/oct/02/world/fg-temple2">"Buddhist Temple Being Restored in N. Korea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. October 2, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211214941/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/oct/02/world/fg-temple2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Buddhist+Temple+Being+Restored+in+N.+Korea&amp;rft.date=2005-10-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2005%2Foct%2F02%2Fworld%2Ffg-temple2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/07/08/nkorea9040.htm">"Human Rights in North Korea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040714125304/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/07/08/nkorea9040.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2004-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.atitle=Human+Rights+in+North+Korea&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2004%2F07%2F08%2Fnkorea9040.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013201130/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=37">"Religious Intelligence UK report"</a>. <i>Religious Intelligence</i>. Religious Intelligence. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=37">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Religious+Intelligence&amp;rft.atitle=Religious+Intelligence+UK+report&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religiousintelligence.co.uk%2Fcountry%2F%3FCountryID%3D37&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Commission on International Religious Freedom">United States Commission on International Religious Freedom</a> (2004-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0434A_ReligionI.html">"Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom"</a>. <i>Nautilus Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311032937/http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0434A_ReligionI.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2007-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nautilus+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Annual+Report+of+the+United+States+Commission+on+International+Religious+Freedom&amp;rft.date=2004-09-21&amp;rft.au=United+States+Commission+on+International+Religious+Freedom&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nautilus.org%2Ffora%2Fsecurity%2F0434A_ReligionI.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4431321.stm">"N Korea stages Mass for Pope"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2005-04-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307074443/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4431321.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=N+Korea+stages+Mass+for+Pope&amp;rft.date=2005-04-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F4431321.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212120513/http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/NorthKorea/religion.html">"North Korean Religion"</a>. <i>Windows on Asia</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/NorthKorea/religion.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Windows+on+Asia&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korean+Religion&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asia.msu.edu%2Feastasia%2FNorthKorea%2Freligion.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125012057/http://www.opendoorsuk.org/resources/persecution/#concern">"<i>Open Doors: World Watch List</i>"</a>. <i>Open Doors International</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendoorsuk.org/resources/persecution/#concern">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/asa/democratic+people&#39;s+republic+of+korea">versi asli</a> tanggal 2002-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=N+Korea+healthcare+%27near+collapse%27&amp;rft.date=2008-11-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F1666806.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2003/21269.htm">"Life Inside North Korea"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030814131441/http://www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2003/21269.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2003-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Rise of Korean Nationalism and Communism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/kptoc.html"><i>A Country Study: North Korea</i></a>. Library of Congress. Call number DS932 .N662 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410092404/http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/kptoc.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2007-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Ice Hockey Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408023648/http://www.iihf.com/de/home-of-hockey/championships/world-ranking/mens-world-ranking/2010-ranking.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2010+Men%27s+World+Ranking&amp;rft.pub=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fde%2Fhome-of-hockey%2Fchampionships%2Fworld-ranking%2Fmens-world-ranking%2F2010-ranking.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/de/home-of-hockey/championships/world-ranking/womens-world-ranking/2010-ranking.html">"2010 Women's World Ranking"</a>. International Ice Hockey Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617012813/http://www.iihf.com/de/home-of-hockey/championships/world-ranking/womens-world-ranking/2010-ranking.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+NK&amp;rft.atitle=South+Korean+Dramas+Are+All+the+Rage+among+North+Korean+People&amp;rft.date=2007-11-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynk.com%2Fenglish%2Fread.php%3FcataId%3Dnk01500%26num%3D2862&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;first1=</code> tanpa <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;last1=</code> di Authors list (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#first_missing_last" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3290">"North Korean People Copy South Korean TV Drama for Trade"</a>. <i>The Daily NK</i>. 2008-02-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211013043/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3290">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+NK&amp;rft.atitle=North+Korean+People+Copy+South+Korean+TV+Drama+for+Trade&amp;rft.date=2008-02-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynk.com%2Fenglish%2Fread.php%3FcataId%3Dnk01500%26num%3D3290&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;first1=</code> tanpa <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;last1=</code> di Authors list (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#first_missing_last" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LovingCare-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LovingCare_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LovingCare_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley K. Martin. <i>Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty</i>. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0312323220" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-312-32322-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chol-hwan Kang and Pierre Rigoulot (2005). <i>The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in the North Korean Gulag</i>, Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0465011047" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-465-01104-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1823713.stm">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>North Korea marks leader's birthday<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22North+Korea+marks+leader%27s+birthday%22&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft.date=2002-02-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F1823713.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825222051/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2004-11/2004-11-18-voa15.cfm?moddate=2004-11-18">Removal of Kim Jong-il Portraits in North Korea Causes Speculation</a>, VOA, 18 November 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mansourov, Alexandre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070816180527/http://nautilus.org/DPRKbriefingbook/negotiating/issue.html">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Korean Monarch Kim Jong Il: Technocrat Ruler of the Hermit Kingdom Facing the Challenge of Modernity" The Nautilus Institute. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Korean+Monarch+Kim+Jong+Il%3A+Technocrat+Ruler+of+the+Hermit+Kingdom+Facing+the+Challenge+of+Modernity%22+The+Nautilus+Institute.+Diakses+18+Desember+2007&amp;rft.aulast=Mansourov&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandre&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nautilus.org%2FDPRKbriefingbook%2Fnegotiating%2Fissue.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Scanlon, Charles (16 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6368203.stm">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Nuclear deal fuels Kim's celebrations<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Nuclear+deal+fuels+Kim%27s+celebrations%22&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft.date=2007-02-16&amp;rft.aulast=Scanlon&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F6368203.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKorea+Utara" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Coonan, Clifford (21 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516175655/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/asia/article1916374.ece">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Kim Jong Il, the tyrant with a passion for wine, women and the bomb<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/North_Korea#Q423" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:North Korea">North Korea</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai North Korea pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/North Korea">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/North Korea">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Wikinews"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/North Korea">Berita</a> dari Wikinews<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/North Korea">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/North Korea">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/North_Korea" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/North Korea">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korea-dpr.com/">Situs resmi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naenara.kp/">Naenara</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup>–("Negaraku") Portal Resmi Korea Utara</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcckp.net/en/">Naenara - portal resmi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060513210839/http://www.kcckp.net/en/">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-05-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nkzone.org/nkzone/">NKzone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051202023219/http://www.nkzone.org/nkzone/">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-12-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chosunjournal.com/">The Chosun Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html">North Korea</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/North_Korea">Korea Utara</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of North Korea">Peta North Korea&#160;di Wikimedia Atlas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"></div></li></ul> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/North_Korea#Q423" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:North Korea">North Korea</a></b></i>.</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-k/korea-north-nde.html">Kepala Negara dan Anggota Kabinet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309181149/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-k/korea-north-nde.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-03-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nkorea.htm">Korea Utara</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612212909/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nkorea.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-06-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. dari <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcna.co.jp/">KCNA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041006163736/http://www.kcna.co.jp/">Diarsipkan</a> 2004-10-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.–Korean Central News Agency, kantor berita resmi Korea Utara</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="color:black">Sejarah berdasarkan negara</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_gerakan_sosialis_di_Brasil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah gerakan sosialis di Brasil (halaman belum tersedia)">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_gerakan_sosialis_di_Kanada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah gerakan sosialis di Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme_di_Estonia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosialisme di Estonia (halaman belum tersedia)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Left&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="French Left (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme_di_India" title="Sosialisme di India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme_di_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosialisme di Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme_di_Selandia_Baru&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosialisme di Selandia Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Selandia Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosialisme_di_Pakistan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosialisme di Pakistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_gerakan_sosialis_di_Britania_Raya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah gerakan sosialis di Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_gerakan_sosialis_di_Amerika_Serikat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah gerakan sosialis di Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Serikat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5;color:black;;width:1%">Variasi daerah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme_Afrika" title="Sosialisme Afrika">Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme_Arab" title="Sosialisme Arab">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Britania_menuju_Sosialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Britania menuju Sosialisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Myanmar_menuju_Sosialisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Myanmar menuju Sosialisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme_dengan_karakteristik_Tiongkok" title="Sosialisme dengan karakteristik Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labor_Zionism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Labor Zionism (halaman belum tersedia)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosialisme_Melanesia" title="Sosialisme Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandinismo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandinismo (halaman belum tersedia)">Nikaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Bolivar" title="Revolusi Bolivar">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5;color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Negara_komunis" title="Negara komunis"><span style="color:black">Negara komunis</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5; color:black;;width:1%">Afrika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Angola" title="Republik Rakyat Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Benin" title="Republik Rakyat Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Kongo" title="Republik Rakyat Kongo">Republik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Etiopia (1974–87)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Rakyat_Etiopia" title="Republik Demokratik Rakyat Etiopia">Etiopia (1987–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Mozambik" title="Republik Rakyat Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Somali" title="Republik Demokratik Somali">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5; color:black;;width:1%">Amerika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Revolusioner_Rakyat_(Grenada)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Revolusioner Rakyat (Grenada) (halaman belum tersedia)">Grenada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5; color:black;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Afganistan" title="Republik Demokratik Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Kamboja" title="Republik Rakyat Kamboja">Kamboja (1979–93)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja_Demokratik" title="Kamboja Demokratik">Kamboja (1976–79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Persia" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Persia">Gilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_Rakyat_Azerbaijan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan Rakyat Azerbaijan (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi Azerbaijan (Iran)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korea Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Mongolia" title="Republik Rakyat Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tuva" title="Republik Rakyat Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Utara" title="Vietnam Utara">Vietnam Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_Revolusioner_Sementara_Republik_Vietnam_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemerintahan Revolusioner Sementara Republik Vietnam Selatan">Vietnam Selatan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman_Selatan" title="Yaman Selatan">Yaman Selatan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e9d5f5; color:black;;width:1%">Eropa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Sosialis_Albania" title="Republik Rakyat Sosialis Albania">Albania (1944–92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Soviet_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Soviet Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Bulgaria" title="Republik Rakyat Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Cekoslowakia" title="Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia">Cekoslowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Finlandia" title="Republik Demokratik Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Soviet_Hungaria" title="Republik Soviet Hungaria">Hungaria (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Hungaria" title="Republik Rakyat Hungaria">Hungaria (1949–89)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Polandia" title="Republik Rakyat Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Rumania" title="Republik Sosialis Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Federal_Sosialis_Yugoslavia" title="Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075468-6">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405104298">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123217569">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142577143">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/142577143">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99040102">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX99000">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868465j">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868465j">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10843978">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=3527">Ukraina</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81074720">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573707">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge128576&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000986005&amp;local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLK id KSH2000006329 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000443043&amp;local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/155305">Swedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/494_815">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7250fb7d-eacd-4803-a1f7-06c9d3bfb216">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05326694?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1214151/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/445e806f-2e04-3f9a-89eb-ef5c4e97b365">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035715">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000044436">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026436833">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/RytB2Wg1">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul> 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