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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&params=49_01_06_N_25_47_32_E_type:event_region:UA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°01′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°47′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.01833°N 25.79222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.01833; 25.79222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Evacuation of Chortkiv Prison</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of occupation of Poland (1939–1945)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83,_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_25,_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_25%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Plaque at Stepan Bandera Street in Chortkiv commemorating victims of the prison massacre</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a>, Eastern Poland/Western Ukraine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&params=49_01_06_N_25_47_32_E_type:event_region:UA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°01′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°47′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.01833°N 25.79222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.01833; 25.79222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">June–July, 1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data">Prisoners, mostly <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poles_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles (people)">Poles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">mass murder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">at least 890</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Evacuation of Chortkiv Prison</b> refers to the compelled evacuation and massacre of inmates from the prison in the city of <a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a>, then in <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">occupied Poland</a> and now in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. In the last days of June 1941, following the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German invasion of the USSR</a>, the Soviets executed an estimated 100 to 200 prisoners held in the Chortkiv prison. The remaining prisoners were evacuated further east, either by train or on foot, while hundreds died due to the inhumane conditions of transport or at the hands of guards. According to Soviet documents, the overall number of victims was estimated at 890, while other sources suggest it might exceed 1,000. This atrocity was one of several <a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres" title="NKVD prisoner massacres">prisoner massacres</a> carried out by the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">secret police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">army</a> during the summer of 1941. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres" title="NKVD prisoner massacres">NKVD prisoner massacres</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Чортків</span>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Czortków</i>) was located within the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> and served as the center of the Chortkiv county in <a href="/wiki/Tarnopol_Voivodeship" title="Tarnopol Voivodeship">Tarnopol Voivodeship</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> in 1939, the city fell under <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupation</a>. On January 21, 1940, local <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish conspirators</a>, mostly youths aged 16–20, organized an <a href="/wiki/Czortk%C3%B3w_uprising" title="Czortków uprising">unsuccessful uprising against the Soviets</a>. According to Soviet reports, at least 24 captured insurgents were executed, while 55 others were deported to the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> camps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017106–119_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017106–119-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those apprehended by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> were confined in the cells of a pre-war Polish prison situated on Adama Mickiewicza Street (present-day Stepan Bandera Street), in close proximity to the pre-war magistrates’ court building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prison in Chortkiv was one of four Soviet prisons operating in <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil Oblast</a>. It was referred to as 'Prison No. 2' in Soviet official documents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An NKVD functionary named Levchuk served as a <a href="/wiki/Prison_warden" title="Prison warden">prison warden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199755_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199755-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 22, 1941, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union</a>. Due to the swift progress of the German offensive, the NKVD began exterminating political prisoners in the war zone. In the summer of 1941, in the part of Poland occupied by the USSR, an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 individuals were murdered in prisons and detention centers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001125_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001125-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_course_of_events">The course of events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The course of events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massacre_in_prison">Massacre in prison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Massacre in prison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to documents from Soviet archives, as of June 10, 1941, the prison in Chortkiv held 1292 inmates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "List of departures and movements of transports from NKVD prisons of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>" informs that "until the evacuation, there were 1,300 inmates in the prison".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This information is also found in a July 12, 1941 report by Captain of State Security Andrei Filippov, regarding the evacuation of prisons in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">western districts of the Ukrainian SSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the outbreak of the German-Soviet war, over a thousand prisoners were evacuated from Chortkiv by the NKVD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Soviets decided to murder some of the <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoners</a> on the spot. First of all, they executed those individuals to whom, before the war, the death penalty or long prison sentences were awarded under Article 58 of the USSR Penal Code and Article 54 of the Penal Code of the Ukrainian SSR.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199765_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199765-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of July 1941, after the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German troops</a> entered Chortkiv, the inhabitants went to the prison at Mickiewicza Street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the building seemed completely deserted. However, soon the bodies of murdered prisoners were found in its basements, and in the inner courtyard, a mass grave was discovered, concealed beneath freshly planted flower beds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the discovered corpses showed signs of torture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witnesses also claimed that, in one of the cells, guards walled up prisoners alive; several living people and about 100 bodies were allegedly found there<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (however, <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Musia%C5%82" title="Bogdan Musiał">Bogdan Musiał</a> questions the veracity of such reports).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 9, 1941, German soldier Meinrad von Ow recalled:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We arrived at a large prison in a small town at 5:00 AM, where we encountered some horrifying scenes. The bodies of the murdered were scattered everywhere: some half-buried, some near the wall where they were shot, and some horribly mutilated. Most of them were people killed in recent days, but many of them lost their lives before June 22.</p></blockquote> <p>Determining the exact number of prisoners who were murdered directly within the prison remains challenging. The NKVD reports provide no information about executions in Chortkiv itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589–90,_97_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589–90,_97-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eyewitnesses reported that several hundred bodies were found in the prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001116_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001116-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Commission_for_the_Prosecution_of_Crimes_against_the_Polish_Nation" title="Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation">District Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, which investigated this crime in the 1990s, estimated that between 100 and 200 prisoners were murdered in the building on Mickiewicza Street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prison massacre was not the only crime committed by the Soviets in Chortkiv in the summer of 1941. Before leaving the city, NKVD men committed numerous <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rapes</a> and robberies against the civilian population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001130_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001130-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, on the night of July 1–2, 1941, they killed seven <a href="/wiki/Dominican_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican order">Dominican</a> friars and one <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">tertiary</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stanislaus_church_in_Chortkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Stanislaus church in Chortkiv">Saint Stanislaus Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017117–118_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017117–118-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evacuation_by_train">Evacuation by train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evacuation by train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 350<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 500<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prisoners were sent by train to the city of Gorki (present-day <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>). The journey in sealed and uncleaned cattle wagons lasted 17 days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prisoners were not provided with water, only minimal rations of food. As a result, heat, thirst, and exhaustion resulted in numerous deaths. Due to the fact that the wagons were emptied every few days, the prisoners had to travel with the bodies of their deceased comrades, which quickly decomposed in the summer heat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991279_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991279-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>B. H. Łoziński, a Polish prisoner who survived the train transport, recalled:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199762_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199762-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We travelled for the second day without any meals or water, and the heat was terrible, the tightness and stuffiness led to extreme despair and cries for help. Finally, at some station, already in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet Ukraine</a>, the train stopped, and NKVD soldiers started carrying buckets full of heavily salted fish into the carriages. Everyone rushed for this food. Unfortunately, they did not provide water, and the train continued its journey. And then the real tragedy began. The thirst, intensified by the salty fish, led to madness. Incredible screams and moans of the dying came from dry throats and bloody foam at the mouth. A true picture of '<a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Dante's Inferno</a>'... When I woke up from this lethargy, and consciousness returned, I found... that about 30% of the prisoners died in tragic conditions.</p></blockquote> <p>Polish investigators estimated that at least 63 prisoners died during transport by train.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Witness quoted by Jerzy Węgierski claimed that 34 people died in one wagon alone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278–279_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278–279-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_march_to_Uman">Death march to Uman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death march to Uman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 700<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 800<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597,_101_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597,_101-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even 954<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prisoners were kept in prison almost until the last moment. According to Andrei Filippov's report:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A sufficient number of wagons were provided to evacuate all the prisoners, but the head of the local <a href="/wiki/NKGB" class="mw-redirect" title="NKGB">NKGB</a> post ordered that 800 prisoners under investigation or convicted of counter-revolutionary crimes be left in prison. [...] At the last moment, he renounced these 800 prisoners and told the prison warden, "Do with them whatever you want."</p></blockquote> <p>Finally, these prisoners were rushed east on foot. The route of the march led through <a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhmerynka" title="Zhmerynka">Zhmerynka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyvriv" title="Tyvriv">Tyvriv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sytkivtsi" title="Sytkivtsi">Sytkivtsi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khrystynivka" title="Khrystynivka">Khrystynivka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soviet reports state that "on the way, in an attempt to rebel and escape," 123 prisoners (allegedly members of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>) were shot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a dozen or so days, the column reached <a href="/wiki/Uman" title="Uman">Uman</a>. On July 20, 1941, the Deputy People's Commissar of State Security of the Ukrainian SSR, Major of State Security Ivan M. Tkachenko, along with an unnamed military prosecutor, decided to execute all prisoners who had been "convicted or were under investigation for counter-revolutionary crimes".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, according to Soviet reports, 767 individuals were executed in Uman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only 64 criminal prisoners survived. Some of them were immediately released, while 31 prisoners of Polish nationality were temporarily left in the prison in Uman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NKVD reports stated that a total of 890 prisoners were murdered during the liquidation of the Chortkiv prison. However, surviving prisoners and witnesses of the exhumation estimated that the number of victims was in the hundreds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopiński199775_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopiński199775-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in other instances of prison massacres, the local <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> community got blamed for the actions of the NKVD. As per the antisemitic canard of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Jewish Bolshevism</a>, Jews were pervived as synonymous with the Soviet regime and its policies of terror. After <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German troops</a> entered Chortkiv, local Jews were forced to work on the <a href="/wiki/Exhumation" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhumation">exhumation</a> of bodies found in the prison. During this work, they were beaten, humiliated, and murdered by soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133–134_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133–134-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The funeral ceremony for the victims of the prison massacre took place on July 9, 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the bodies buried in a mass grave at the municipal cemetery in Chortkiv.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During an investigation conducted in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> in the 1990s, it was established that executions in the Chortkiv prison involved, among others, two communist functionaries of Jewish origin who were natives of Chortkiv. They served as employees of the Soviet occupation apparatus. After the end of the war, both individuals went on to serve in the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Army" title="Polish People's Army">Polish People's Army</a>, attaining high officer ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001244_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001244-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These are not the only mentions of the evacuation of Chortkiv prison found in the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> archives. A July 31, 1941 report by the deputy head of the prison board of the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR, <i><a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">politruk</a></i> Demyekhin, concerning the evacuation of inmates from prisons in <a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolomyia" title="Kolomyia">Kolomyia</a>, states that when the evacuation began, there were 954 inmates in the prison in Chortkiv. However, this report only describes the fate of those prisoners who were rushed to <a href="/wiki/Uman" title="Uman">Uman</a> on foot. See: Popiński, Kokurin i Gurjanow (1995), pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The testimony and accounts of witnesses involved in the exhumation of the victims of the <a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres" title="NKVD prisoner massacres">NKVD prisoner massacres</a> repeatedly mention bodies bearing signs of severe torture. However, according to <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Musia%C5%82" title="Bogdan Musiał">Bogdan Musiał</a>, injuries initially thought to be signs of torture were likely a result of rapid decomposition of the corpses, accelerated by the summer heat, as well as scavengers and unskilled handling during exhumation (see: Musiał (2001), pp. 236–237). At times, executions were hastily carried out using grenades and machine guns, resulting in severe injuries to the victims (see: Musiał (2001), p. 236). Also, he believes that in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Galicia" title="Eastern Galicia">Eastern Galicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, there were cases where, after the departure of the Soviets, the bodies of NKVD victims were purposely mutilated by <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalists</a> seeking to depict dramatic examples of their nation's martyrdom for propaganda purposes (see: Musiał (2001), pp. 237–240).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Bogdan Musiał, information about prisoners being walled alive, which is repeated in the accounts of many witnesses of the NKVD prisoner massacres, most probably had its source in rumors or was the result of a misinterpretation of facts. In his opinion, only the bodies of previously shot prisoners were bricked up in the cells. See: Musiał (2001), p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both the "List of departures and movements of transports from NKVD prisons of the Ukrainian SSR", and Andrei Filippov’s report inform that 500 prisoners were evacuated by train. The former document also states that "470 prisoners arrived in <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Gorky</a> on July 16, 1941, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> transport. See: Popiński, Kokurin i Gurjanow (1995), pp. 97, 101.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017106–119-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017106–119_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZechenter2017">Zechenter 2017</a>, p. 106–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDynowski1997">Dynowski 1997</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199753_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGłowacki1997">Głowacki 1997</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199755-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGłowacki199755_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGłowacki1997">Głowacki 1997</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001125-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001125_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995101_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997134_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDynowski1997">Dynowski 1997</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199765-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199765_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaliński1997">Galiński 1997</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001115_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001190_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589–90,_97-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589–90,_97_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 89–90, 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001116-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001116_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001130-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001130_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017117–118-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZechenter2017117–118_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZechenter2017">Zechenter 2017</a>, p. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zyciezakonne.pl/wiadomosci/meczennicy-z-czortkowa-31500/">"Męczennicy z Czortkowa"</a> [Martyrs of Chortkiv]. <i>zyciezakonne.pl</i> (in Polish). 2013-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zyciezakonne.pl&rft.atitle=M%C4%99czennicy+z+Czortkowa&rft.date=2013-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zyciezakonne.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Fmeczennicy-z-czortkowa-31500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199766_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaliński1997">Galiński 1997</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWęgierski1991">Węgierski 1991</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991279-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991279_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWęgierski1991">Węgierski 1991</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliński199762-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaliński199762_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaliński1997">Galiński 1997</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278–279-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWęgierski1991278–279_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWęgierski1991">Węgierski 1991</a>, p. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597,_101-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199597,_101_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 97, 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199589_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopińskiKokurinGurjanow199590,_97_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995">Popiński, Kokurin & Gurjanow 1995</a>, p. 90, 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopiński199775-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopiński199775_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopiński1997">Popiński 1997</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133–134-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDynowski1997133–134_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDynowski1997">Dynowski 1997</a>, p. 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001244-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMusiał2001244_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMusiał2001">Musiał 2001</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDynowski1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dynowski, Arkadiusz (1997). "Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD w Busku, Czortkowie, Złoczowie, Stryju i Stanisławowie w czerwcu–lipcu 1941 r." [Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in Busk, Chortkiv, Zolochiv, Stryi and Stanisławów in June–July, 1941]. In Mikoda, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu – lipcu 1941 roku. Materiały z sesji naukowej w 55. rocznicę ewakuacji więźniów NKWD w głąb ZSRR, Łódź 10 czerwca 1996 r.</i> [<i>Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June–July 1941. Materials from the scientific session on the 55th anniversary of the evacuation of NKVD prisoners deep into the USSR, Łódź, June 10, 1996</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2"><bdi>83-903356-6-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zbrodnicza+ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+i+areszt%C3%B3w+NKWD+w+Busku%2C+Czortkowie%2C+Z%C5%82oczowie%2C+Stryju+i+Stanis%C5%82awowie+w+czerwcu%E2%80%93lipcu+1941+r.&rft.btitle=Zbrodnicza+ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+i+areszt%C3%B3w+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+czerwcu+%E2%80%93+lipcu+1941+roku.+Materia%C5%82y+z+sesji+naukowej+w+55.+rocznic%C4%99+ewakuacji+wi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C3%B3w+NKWD+w+g%C5%82%C4%85b+ZSRR%2C+%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA+10+czerwca+1996+r.&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wna+Komisja+Badania+Zbrodni+przeciwko+Narodowi+Polskiemu+%E2%80%93+Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=83-903356-6-2&rft.aulast=Dynowski&rft.aufirst=Arkadiusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaliński1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Galiński, Antoni (1997). "Więzienia NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1939–1941 na podstawie dokumentacji Okręgowej Komisji Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Łodzi – Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej" [NKVD prisons in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in 1939–1941 in the light of documents gathered by the District Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Łódź – Institute of National Remembrance]. In Mikoda, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu – lipcu 1941 roku. Materiały z sesji naukowej w 55. rocznicę ewakuacji więźniów NKWD w głąb ZSRR, Łódź 10 czerwca 1996 r.</i> [<i>Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June–July 1941. Materials from the scientific session on the 55th anniversary of the evacuation of NKVD prisoners deep into the USSR, Łódź, June 10, 1996</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2"><bdi>83-903356-6-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wi%C4%99zienia+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+latach+1939%E2%80%931941+na+podstawie+dokumentacji+Okr%C4%99gowej+Komisji+Badania+Zbrodni+przeciwko+Narodowi+Polskiemu+w+%C5%81odzi+%E2%80%93+Instytutu+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.btitle=Zbrodnicza+ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+i+areszt%C3%B3w+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+czerwcu+%E2%80%93+lipcu+1941+roku.+Materia%C5%82y+z+sesji+naukowej+w+55.+rocznic%C4%99+ewakuacji+wi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C3%B3w+NKWD+w+g%C5%82%C4%85b+ZSRR%2C+%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA+10+czerwca+1996+r.&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wna+Komisja+Badania+Zbrodni+przeciwko+Narodowi+Polskiemu+%E2%80%93+Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=83-903356-6-2&rft.aulast=Gali%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Antoni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGłowacki1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Głowacki, Albin (1997). "Organizacja i funkcjonowanie więziennictwa NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1939–1941" [Organization and functioning of the NKVD prison system in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in 1939–1941]. In Mikoda, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu – lipcu 1941 roku. Materiały z sesji naukowej w 55. rocznicę ewakuacji więźniów NKWD w głąb ZSRR, Łódź 10 czerwca 1996 r.</i> [<i>Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June–July 1941. Materials from the scientific session on the 55th anniversary of the evacuation of NKVD prisoners deep into the USSR, Łódź, June 10, 1996</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2"><bdi>83-903356-6-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Organizacja+i+funkcjonowanie+wi%C4%99ziennictwa+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+latach+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.btitle=Zbrodnicza+ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+i+areszt%C3%B3w+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+czerwcu+%E2%80%93+lipcu+1941+roku.+Materia%C5%82y+z+sesji+naukowej+w+55.+rocznic%C4%99+ewakuacji+wi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C3%B3w+NKWD+w+g%C5%82%C4%85b+ZSRR%2C+%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA+10+czerwca+1996+r.&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wna+Komisja+Badania+Zbrodni+przeciwko+Narodowi+Polskiemu+%E2%80%93+Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=83-903356-6-2&rft.aulast=G%C5%82owacki&rft.aufirst=Albin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusiał2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Musia%C5%82" title="Bogdan Musiał">Musiał, Bogdan</a> (2001). <i>Rozstrzelać elementy kontrrewolucyjne. Brutalizacja wojny niemiecko-sowieckiej latem 1941 roku</i> [<i>Shoot the counter-revolutionary elements. The brutalization of the German-Soviet war in the summer of 1941</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Kulturalne Fronda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-88747-40-1" title="Special:BookSources/83-88747-40-1"><bdi>83-88747-40-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rozstrzela%C4%87+elementy+kontrrewolucyjne.+Brutalizacja+wojny+niemiecko-sowieckiej+latem+1941+roku&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Stowarzyszenie+Kulturalne+Fronda&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=83-88747-40-1&rft.aulast=Musia%C5%82&rft.aufirst=Bogdan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopiński1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Popiński, Krzysztof (1997). "Ewakuacja więzień kresowych w czerwcu 1941 r. na podstawie dokumentacji "Memoriału" i Archiwum Wschodniego" [Evacuation of Eastern Borderlands’ prisons in June 1941 in the light of documents gathered by the "Memorial" and the Eastern Archive]. In Mikoda, Janina (ed.). <i>Zbrodnicza ewakuacja więzień i aresztów NKWD na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu – lipcu 1941 roku. Materiały z sesji naukowej w 55. rocznicę ewakuacji więźniów NKWD w głąb ZSRR, Łódź 10 czerwca 1996 r.</i> [<i>Criminal evacuation of NKVD prisons and detention centers in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June–July 1941. Materials from the scientific session on the 55th anniversary of the evacuation of NKVD prisoners deep into the USSR, Łódź, June 10, 1996</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-903356-6-2"><bdi>83-903356-6-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+kresowych+w+czerwcu+1941+r.+na+podstawie+dokumentacji+%22Memoria%C5%82u%22+i+Archiwum+Wschodniego&rft.btitle=Zbrodnicza+ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+i+areszt%C3%B3w+NKWD+na+Kresach+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+czerwcu+%E2%80%93+lipcu+1941+roku.+Materia%C5%82y+z+sesji+naukowej+w+55.+rocznic%C4%99+ewakuacji+wi%C4%99%C5%BAni%C3%B3w+NKWD+w+g%C5%82%C4%85b+ZSRR%2C+%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA+10+czerwca+1996+r.&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wna+Komisja+Badania+Zbrodni+przeciwko+Narodowi+Polskiemu+%E2%80%93+Instytut+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=83-903356-6-2&rft.aulast=Popi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopińskiKokurinGurjanow1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Popiński, Krzysztof; Kokurin, Aleksandr; Gurjanow, Aleksandr (1995). <i>Drogi śmierci. Ewakuacja więzień sowieckich z Kresów Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w czerwcu i lipcu 1941</i> [<i>Roads of death. Evacuation of Soviet prisons from the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in June and July 1941</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo "Karta". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-900676-9-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-900676-9-2"><bdi>83-900676-9-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drogi+%C5%9Bmierci.+Ewakuacja+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+sowieckich+z+Kres%C3%B3w+Wschodnich+II+Rzeczypospolitej+w+czerwcu+i+lipcu+1941&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+%22Karta%22&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=83-900676-9-2&rft.aulast=Popi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft.au=Kokurin%2C+Aleksandr&rft.au=Gurjanow%2C+Aleksandr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWęgierski1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Węgierski, Jerzy (1991). <i>Lwów pod okupacją sowiecką 1939–1941</i> [<i>Lviv under Soviet occupation 1939–1941</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Editions Spotkania. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85195-15-7" title="Special:BookSources/83-85195-15-7"><bdi>83-85195-15-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lw%C3%B3w+pod+okupacj%C4%85+sowieck%C4%85+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Editions+Spotkania&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=83-85195-15-7&rft.aulast=W%C4%99gierski&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZechenter2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zechenter, Anna (2017). "Powstanie w Czortkowie" [Chortkiv Uprising]. <i>Biuletyn IPN</i> (in Polish). <b>11</b> (144). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1641-9561">1641-9561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biuletyn+IPN&rft.atitle=Powstanie+w+Czortkowie&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=144&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1641-9561&rft.aulast=Zechenter&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvacuation+of+Chortkiv+Prison" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Joseph_Stalin" title="Template:Joseph Stalin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joseph_Stalin" title="Template talk:Joseph Stalin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph_Stalin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph Stalin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joseph_Stalin557" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1922–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union">Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union</a> (1946–1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History<br />and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="Early life of Joseph Stalin">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_during_the_Russian_Revolution,_Civil_War,_and_the_Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin during the Russian Revolution, Civil War, and the Polish–Soviet War">Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise of Joseph Stalin">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927%E2%80%931953)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)">Rule as Soviet leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Political views of Joseph Stalin">Political views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Joseph Stalin's cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">Death and state funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excess_mortality_in_the_Soviet_Union_under_Joseph_Stalin" title="Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin">Death toll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931928)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)">Anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)</a>/<a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1928%E2%80%931941)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)">(1928–1941)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">Kolkhoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovkhoz" title="Sovkhoz">Sovkhoz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="First five-year plan (Soviet Union)">First five-year plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">16th</a> / <a href="/wiki/17th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">17th Congress of the Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Menshevik_Trial" title="1931 Menshevik Trial">1931 Menshevik Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1937 Soviet Union legislative election">1937 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Congress_of_the_All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" title="18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">18th Congress of the Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Peace_Treaty" title="Moscow Peace Treaty">Moscow Peace Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks" title="German–Soviet Axis talks">German–Soviet Axis talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact" title="Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact">Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project" title="Soviet atomic bomb project">Soviet atomic bomb project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship_and_Alliance" title="Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance">Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1946 Soviet Union legislative election">1946 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">1946 Iran crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship,_Alliance_and_Mutual_Assistance" title="Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance">Sino-Soviet Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1950 Soviet Union legislative election">1950 legislative election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">19th Congress of the Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korenizatsiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Korenizatsiya">Korenizatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_One_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism in One Country">Socialism in One Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Break_(USSR)" title="Great Break (USSR)">Great Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggravation_of_class_struggle_under_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggravation of class struggle under socialism">Aggravation of class struggle under socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Five-year plans of the Soviet Union">Five-year plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Construction_Projects_of_Communism" title="Great Construction Projects of Communism">Great Construction Projects of Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_of_the_human_soul" title="Engineers of the human soul">Engineers of the human soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Soviet Constitution">1936 Soviet Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Soviet_man" title="New Soviet man">New Soviet man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stakhanovite" class="mw-redirect" title="Stakhanovite">Stakhanovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_plan_for_the_transformation_of_nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's plan for the transformation of nature">Transformation of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backwardness_brings_on_beatings_by_others" title="Backwardness brings on beatings by others">Backwardness brings on beatings by others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes, repressions,<br />and controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1906_Bolshevik_raid_on_the_Tsarevich_Giorgi" title="1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi">1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Tiflis_bank_robbery" title="1907 Tiflis bank robbery">1907 Tiflis bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="National delimitation in the Soviet Union">National delimitation in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Affair">Georgian Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decossackization" class="mw-redirect" title="Decossackization">Decossackization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekulakization" title="Dekulakization">Dekulakization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittorf_affair" title="Wittorf affair">Wittorf affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Break_(USSR)" title="Great Break (USSR)">Great Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour" title="Cathedral of Christ the Saviour">Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_famine_of_1932%E2%80%9333" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet famine of 1932–33">Soviet famine of 1932–33</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Kirov">Murder of Sergey Kirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_of_Trotskyist_Anti-Soviet_Military_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization">Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres" title="NKVD prisoner massacres">NKVD prisoner massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Berezhany" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Berezhany">Berezhany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezwecz-Taklinovo_Death_Road" title="Berezwecz-Taklinovo Death Road">Berezwecz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Dubno" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Dubno">Dubno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chortkiv </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurapaty" title="Kurapaty">Kurapaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy%C5%84_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyń massacre">Katyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Lutsk" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk">Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres_in_Lviv" title="NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedev_Forest_massacre" title="Medvedev Forest massacre">Medvedev Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Sambir" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Sambir">Sambir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valozhyn-Tarasovo_Death_Road" title="Valozhyn-Tarasovo Death Road">Valozhyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vileyka-Barysaw_Death_Road" title="Vileyka-Barysaw Death Road">Vileyka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_massacre" title="Vinnytsia massacre">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Zolochiv" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Zolochiv">Zolochiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Trials">Moscow Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Lux" title="Hotel Lux">Hotel Lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_repressions_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stalinist repressions in Azerbaijan">Repressions in Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ideological repression in science <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavists_case" title="Slavists case">Slavists case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1937)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1937)">1937 Soviet Census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_of_the_Red_Army_in_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="Purge of the Red Army in 1941">1941 Red Army purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_offensive_plans_controversy" title="Soviet offensive plans controversy">Soviet offensive plans controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth_Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler Youth Conspiracy">Hitler Youth Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Allegations of antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Population transfer in the Soviet Union">Population transfer</a> (<a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_population_transfers" title="German–Soviet population transfers">German–Soviet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet deportations">Deportations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Chechens_and_Ingush" class="mw-redirect" title="Deportation of Chechens and Ingush">Operation "Lentil"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Koreans_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_North" title="Operation North">Operation "North"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation "Priboi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazino_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazino affair">Nazino affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced settlements in the Soviet Union">Forced settlement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_on_trees" title="Tax on trees">Tax on trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_famine_of_1946%E2%80%9347" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet famine of 1946–47">1946–1947 Soviet famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad Affair">Leningrad Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingrelian Affair">Mingrelian Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Murdered_Poets" title="Night of the Murdered Poets">Night of the Murdered Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_images_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship of images in the Soviet Union">Censorship of images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anarchism_or_Socialism%3F" title="Anarchism or Socialism?">Anarchism or Socialism?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_the_National_Question" title="Marxism and the National Question">Marxism and the National Question</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Leninism" title="Foundations of Leninism">Foundations of Leninism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dizzy_with_Success" title="Dizzy with Success">Dizzy with Success</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia">Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_ten_blows" title="Stalin's ten blows">"Ten Blows" speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_alleged_speech_of_19_August_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's alleged speech of 19 August 1939">Alleged 19 August 1939 speech</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falsifiers_of_History" title="Falsifiers of History">Falsifiers of History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Note" title="Stalin Note">Stalin Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)"><i>The History of the Communist Party</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Soviet Constitution">1936 Soviet Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's poetry">Stalin's poetry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialectical_and_Historical_Materialism" title="Dialectical and Historical Materialism">Dialectical and Historical Materialism</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_No._227" title="Order No. 227">Order No. 227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_No._270" title="Order No. 270">Order No. 270</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_Problems_of_Linguistics" title="Marxism and Problems of Linguistics">Marxism and Problems of Linguistics</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Problems_of_Socialism_in_the_USSR" title="Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR">Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">De-Stalinization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th Congress of the Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pospelov_Commission" title="Pospelov Commission">Pospelov Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_(Soviet)" title="Rehabilitation (Soviet)">Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Gomulka thaw (Polish October)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvernik_Commission" title="Shvernik Commission">Shvernik Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd Congress of the Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Criticism and<br />opposition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Epigram" title="Stalin Epigram">Stalin Epigram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin%27s_Testament" title="Lenin's Testament">Lenin's Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryutin_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryutin Affair">Ryutin Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">Anti-Stalinist left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Plot" title="Kremlin Plot">Kremlin Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Communists" title="True Communists">True Communists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darkness_at_Noon" title="Darkness at Noon">Darkness at Noon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Farm" title="Animal Farm">Animal Farm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Nazism_and_Stalinism" title="Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism">Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Soviet_Story" title="The Soviet Story">The Soviet Story</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_and_antisemitism" title="Joseph Stalin and antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IS_tank_family" title="IS tank family">Iosif Stalin tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_locomotive_class_IS" title="Soviet locomotive class IS">Iosif Stalin locomotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalissimo_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Generalissimo of the Soviet Union">Generalissimo of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="List of statues of Joseph Stalin">Stalin statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Moscow" title="Pantheon, Moscow">Pantheon, Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Georgian_demonstrations" title="1956 Georgian demonstrations">1956 Georgian demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_bestowed_upon_Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin">List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Joseph_Stalin,_Berlin" title="Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin">Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Monument_(Budapest)" title="Stalin Monument (Budapest)">Stalin Monument in Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Monument_(Prague)" title="Stalin Monument (Prague)">Stalin Monument in Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin_Museum,_Gori" title="Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori">Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi_Stalin_Museum" title="Batumi Stalin Museum">Batumi Stalin Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Joseph_Stalin" title="List of places named after Joseph Stalin">Places named after Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Stalin_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="State Stalin Prize">State Stalin Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin Peace Prize">Stalin Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Society" title="Stalin Society">Stalin Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin_Bloc_%E2%80%93_For_the_USSR" title="Stalin Bloc – For the USSR">Stalin Bloc – For the USSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse:_Stalin" title="Apocalypse: Stalin">Apocalypse: Stalin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besarion_Jughashvili" title="Besarion Jughashvili">Besarion Jughashvili</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(father)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keke_Geladze" title="Keke Geladze">Keke Geladze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(mother)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kato_Svanidze" title="Kato Svanidze">Kato Svanidze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(first wife)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Dzhugashvili" title="Yakov Dzhugashvili">Yakov Dzhugashvili</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kuzakov" title="Konstantin Kuzakov">Konstantin Kuzakov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artyom_Sergeyev" title="Artyom Sergeyev">Artyom Sergeyev</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(adopted son)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Alliluyeva" title="Nadezhda Alliluyeva">Nadezhda Alliluyeva</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(second wife)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Stalin" title="Vasily Stalin">Vasily Stalin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alliluyeva" title="Svetlana Alliluyeva">Svetlana Alliluyeva</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(daughter)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Dzhugashvili" title="Yevgeny Dzhugashvili">Yevgeny Dzhugashvili</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(grandson)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galina_Dzhugashvili" title="Galina Dzhugashvili">Galina Dzhugashvili</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(granddaughter)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alliluyev" title="Joseph Alliluyev">Joseph Alliluyev</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(grandson)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Alliluyev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Alliluyev">Sergei Alliluyev</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(second father-in-law)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Svanidze" title="Alexander Svanidze">Alexander Svanidze</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(brother-in-law)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Zhdanov" title="Yuri Zhdanov">Yuri Zhdanov</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son-in-law)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wesley_Peters" title="William Wesley Peters">William Wesley Peters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(son-in-law)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_residences" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's residences">Stalin's residences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_house,_Gori" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's house, Gori">Stalin's house, Gori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi_Theological_Seminary" title="Tbilisi Theological Seminary">Tiflis Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kureika_(village)" title="Kureika (village)">Kureika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Room at Kremlin</a></li> <li>Dachas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuntsevo_Dacha" title="Kuntsevo Dacha">Kuntsevo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sochi_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sochi Dacha (page does not exist)">Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uspenskoye_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uspenskoye Dacha (page does not exist)">Uspenskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semyonovskoye_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semyonovskoye Dacha (page does not exist)">Semyonovskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Athos_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Athos Dacha (page does not exist)">New Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kholodnaya_Rechka_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kholodnaya Rechka Dacha (page does not exist)">Kholodnaya Rechka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Ritsa_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Ritsa Dacha (page does not exist)">Lake Ritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhumi_Dacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhumi Dacha (page does not exist)">Sukhumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_bunker,_Samara" title="Stalin's bunker, Samara">Stalin's bunker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joseph_Stalin" title="Category:Joseph Stalin">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massacres_of_ethnic_Poles_in_World_War_II249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massacres_of_Poles" title="Template:Massacres of Poles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massacres_of_Poles" title="Template talk:Massacres of Poles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massacres_of_Poles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massacres of Poles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massacres_of_ethnic_Poles_in_World_War_II249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_occupied_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II">Massacres of ethnic Poles in World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert%C3%B3w,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Albertów, Silesian Voivodeship">Albertów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolonka,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Apolonka, Silesian Voivodeship">Apolonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatele" title="Bagatele">Bagatele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balczewo" title="Balczewo">Balczewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligr%C3%B3d_massacre" title="Baligród massacre">Baligród</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balin,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Balin, Łódź Voivodeship">Balin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarka,_Toru%C5%84" title="Barbarka, Toruń">Barbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%85dk%C3%B3w,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Bądków, Łódź Voivodeship">Bądków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_(village)" title="Bełżec (village)">Bełżec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ochowo" title="Białochowo">Białochowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryszew_massacre" title="Boryszew massacre">Boryszew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_in_the_Brzask_Forest" title="Execution in the Brzask Forest">Brzask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brzezinki,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Brzezinki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Brzezinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukowiec,_W%C4%85growiec_County" title="Bukowiec, Wągrowiec County">Bukowiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukowina,_Bi%C5%82goraj_County" title="Bukowina, Biłgoraj County">Bukowina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buszkowo,_Bydgoszcz_County" title="Buszkowo, Bydgoszcz County">Buszkowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_repressions_against_the_people_of_Bydgoszcz" title="German repressions against the people of Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryszczyn" title="Tryszczyn">Tryszczyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_in_the_Valley_of_Death" title="Executions in the Valley of Death">Valley of Death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byty%C5%84,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Bytyń, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Bytyń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceg%C5%82%C3%B3w,_Mi%C5%84sk_County" title="Cegłów, Mińsk County">Cegłów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celiny,_Tarnowskie_G%C3%B3ry_County" title="Celiny, Tarnowskie Góry County">Celiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m#World_War_II" title="Chełm">Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chojnice#World_War_II_and_Nazi_German_occupation_(1939–1945)" title="Chojnice">Chojnice (Pola Igielskie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciel%C4%99tniki,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Cielętniki, Silesian Voivodeship">Cielętniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciepiel%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Ciepielów massacre">Ciepielów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cieszan%C3%B3w" title="Cieszanów">Cieszanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisna#History" title="Cisna">Cisna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czaszyn#History" title="Czaszyn">Czaszyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czekaj,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Czekaj, Łódź Voivodeship">Czekaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_massacre" title="Częstochowa massacre">Częstochowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalki,_Gniezno" title="Dalki, Gniezno">Dalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85br%C3%B3wka_Ma%C5%82a" title="Dąbrówka Mała">Dąbrówka Mała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bienko" title="Dębienko">Dębienko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopiewiec" title="Dopiewiec">Dopiewiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drewnowo-Go%C5%82y%C5%84" title="Drewnowo-Gołyń">Drewnowo-Gołyń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudy%C5%84ce" title="Dudyńce">Dudyńce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firlej,_Radom" title="Firlej, Radom">Firlej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_the_Polish_Post_Office_in_Danzig#Courts_martial_and_executions" title="Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gie%C5%82czyn,_%C5%81om%C5%BCa_County" title="Giełczyn, Łomża County">Giełczyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gniazdowo,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Gniazdowo, Masovian Voivodeship">Gniazdowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gniewkowo#History" title="Gniewkowo">Gniewkowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosty%C5%84,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Gostyń, Silesian Voivodeship">Gostyń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rataje,_Pi%C5%82a_County" title="Rataje, Piła County">Górka Klasztorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3ry_Wysokie" title="Góry Wysokie">Góry Wysokie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz#Selbstschutz_participation_in_mass_murder" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz (Księże Góry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupa,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Grupa, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Grupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnawa_Dolna" title="Tarnawa Dolna">Gruszka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C5%BAnia" title="Guźnia">Guźnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk%C3%B3w,_Sochaczew_County" title="Henryków, Sochaczew County">Henryków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubal_pacifications" title="Hubal pacifications">Hubal pacifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husynne,_Hrubiesz%C3%B3w_County" title="Husynne, Hrubieszów County">Husynne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jab%C5%82o%C5%84-Dobki_massacre" title="Jabłoń-Dobki massacre">Jabłoń-Dobki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jankowice,_Pszczyna_County" title="Jankowice, Pszczyna County">Jankowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jankowo_Dolne" title="Jankowo Dolne">Jankowo Dolne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C3%B3wka,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Janówka, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Janówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasionowo,_August%C3%B3w_County" title="Jasionowo, Augustów County">Jasionowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bie,_%C5%9Awiecie_County" title="Jastrzębie, Świecie County">Jastrzębie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaworze_Dolne" title="Jaworze Dolne">Jaworze Dolne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeziorko,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Jeziorko, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Jeziorko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaty_Woods" title="Kabaty Woods">Kabaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Kaliłów">Kaliłów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliska,_Kartuzy_County" title="Kaliska, Kartuzy County">Kaliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karczew#History" title="Karczew">Karczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnkowo,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Karnkowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Karnkowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolewo,_S%C4%99p%C3%B3lno_County" title="Karolewo, Sępólno County">Karolewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katowice_massacre" title="Katowice massacre">Katowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan%C3%B3w,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Kazanów, Masovian Voivodeship">Kazanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Kitów massacre">Kitów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamry" title="Klamry">Klamry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimont%C3%B3w,_Sosnowiec" title="Klimontów, Sosnowiec">Klimontów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%82ecko#Second_World_War" title="Kłecko">Kłecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobylniki,_Szamotu%C5%82y_County" title="Kobylniki, Szamotuły County">Kobylniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kos%C3%B3wka,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Kosówka, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Kosówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bcielec,_Ko%C5%82o_County" title="Kościelec, Koło County">Kościelec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowalewice,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Kowalewice, Łódź Voivodeship">Kowalewice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BAle,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Koźle, Łódź Voivodeship">Koźle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasowo-Cz%C4%99stki_massacre" title="Krasowo-Częstki massacre">Krasowo-Częstki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Fortress" title="Kraków Fortress">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruszyna,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Kruszyna, Silesian Voivodeship">Kruszyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzepice#World_War_II" title="Krzepice">Krzepice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w" title="Kurów">Kurów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurzebiela" title="Kurzebiela">Kurzebiela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Szp%C4%99gawsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest of Szpęgawsk">Las Szpęgawski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laski_Szlacheckie" title="Laski Szlacheckie">Laski Szlacheckie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszno,_Warsaw_West_County" title="Leszno, Warsaw West County">Leszno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipniak-Majorat" title="Lipniak-Majorat">Lipniak-Majorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liszki,_Lesser_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Liszki, Lesser Poland Voivodeship">Liszki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longin%C3%B3wka" title="Longinówka">Longinówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Castle" title="Lublin Castle">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubzina" title="Lubzina">Lubzina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C4%87mierz-Las" title="Lućmierz-Las">Lućmierz-Las</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luszk%C3%B3wko" title="Luszkówko">Luszkówko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81aszcz%C3%B3w" title="Łaszczów">Łaszczów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%85ck" title="Łąck">Łąck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ob%C5%BCenica" title="Łobżenica">Łobżenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81opatki,_W%C4%85brze%C5%BAno_County" title="Łopatki, Wąbrzeźno County">Łopatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ubcze" title="Łubcze">Łubcze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukowo,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Łukowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Łukowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawady,_Gmina_Zawady" title="Zawady, Gmina Zawady">Łysa Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdan_Nowy_massacre" title="Majdan Nowy massacre">Majdan Nowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdan_Stary_massacre" title="Majdan Stary massacre">Majdan Stary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdan_Wielki_massacre" title="Majdan Wielki massacre">Majdan Wielki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82aszek" title="Małaszek">Małaszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82e_Czyste" title="Małe Czyste">Małe Czyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82usy_Wielkie" title="Małusy Wielkie">Małusy Wielkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchwacz" title="Marchwacz">Marchwacz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestwinowo" title="Mestwinowo">Mestwinowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%99dzisko" title="Mędzisko">Mędzisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michni%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Michniów massacre">Michniów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie%C5%84" title="Mień">Mień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mniszek,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Mniszek, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Mniszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morzewo,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Morzewo, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Morzewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskwin" title="Moskwin">Moskwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mszadla,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Mszadla, Łódź Voivodeship">Mszadla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mszczon%C3%B3w" title="Mszczonów">Mszczonów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muczne_massacre" title="Muczne massacre">Muczne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mys%C5%82%C3%B3w,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Mysłów, Silesian Voivodeship">Mysłów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabr%C3%B3%C5%BC" title="Nabróż">Nabróż</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawra,_Warmian-Masurian_Voivodeship" title="Nawra, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship">Nawra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie%C5%82awice" title="Nieławice">Nieławice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niewolno" title="Niewolno">Niewolno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroszcz" title="Choroszcz">Nowosiółki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_Bidacz%C3%B3w" title="Nowy Bidaczów">Nowy Bidaczów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur,_Poland" title="Nur, Poland">Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obora,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Obora, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Obora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odolion" title="Odolion">Odolion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olszewo,_Gmina_Bra%C5%84sk" title="Olszewo, Gmina Brańsk">Olszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or%C5%82o,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Orło, Masovian Voivodeship">Orło</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3wek,_%C5%81%C4%99czna_County" title="Ostrówek, Łęczna County">Ostrówek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bcis%C5%82owo,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Ościsłowo, Masovian Voivodeship">Ościsłowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorowo,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Otorowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Otorowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmiry_massacre" title="Palmiry massacre">Palmiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchatka" title="Parchatka">Parchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Parma, Łódź Voivodeship">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parzymiechy" title="Parzymiechy">Parzymiechy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterek" title="Paterek">Paterek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulin%C3%B3w,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Paulinów, Masovian Voivodeship">Paulinów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_in_Pia%C5%9Bnica" title="Massacres in Piaśnica">Piaśnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84czata" title="Pińczata">Pińczata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84czyce" title="Pińczyce">Pińczyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotrowice-Ochojec" title="Piotrowice-Ochojec">Piotrowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plebanka,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Plebanka, Lublin Voivodeship">Plebanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plewki,_Wyszk%C3%B3w_County" title="Plewki, Wyszków County">Plewki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82awno,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Pławno, Łódź Voivodeship">Pławno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82utowo" title="Płutowo">Płutowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pniewo,_Pu%C5%82tusk_County" title="Pniewo, Pułtusk County">Pniewo, Pułtusk County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pniewo,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Pniewo, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Pniewo, Podlaskie Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgaje_massacre" title="Podgaje massacre">Podgaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlesie_Ko%C5%9Bcielne" title="Podlesie Kościelne">Podlesie Kościelne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlod%C3%B3w,_Gmina_%C5%81aszcz%C3%B3w" title="Podlodów, Gmina Łaszczów">Podlodów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posad%C3%B3w,_Gmina_Telatyn" title="Posadów, Gmina Telatyn">Posadów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poturzyn" title="Poturzyn">Poturzyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_VII" title="Fort VII">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudziszki" title="Prudziszki">Prudziszki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przyr%C3%B3w" title="Przyrów">Przyrów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przyszowice_massacre" title="Przyszowice massacre">Przyszowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomice,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Radomice, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Radomice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radzim,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Radzim, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Radzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retki" title="Retki">Retki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudzki_Most#German_occupation" title="Rudzki Most">Rudzki Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_in_Rury_Jezuickie" title="Executions in Rury Jezuickie">Rury Jezuickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinowo,_Rypin_County" title="Rusinowo, Rypin County">Rusinowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Torment" title="House of Torment">Rypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzeczyca,_Gmina_Ulh%C3%B3wek" title="Rzeczyca, Gmina Ulhówek">Rzeczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzuch%C3%B3w,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Rzuchów, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Rzuchów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadki,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Sadki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Sadki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad%C3%B3wka" title="Sadówka">Sadówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serock_massacre" title="Serock massacre">Serock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siekl%C3%B3wka" title="Sieklówka">Sieklówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikory-Tomkowi%C4%99ta" title="Sikory-Tomkowięta">Sikory-Tomkowięta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarszewy" title="Skarszewy">Skarszewy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C5%82oby" title="Skłoby">Skłoby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skrwilno" title="Skrwilno">Skrwilno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82opnice" title="Słopnice">Słopnice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolig%C3%B3w" title="Smoligów">Smoligów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochy_massacre" title="Sochy massacre">Sochy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solec_Kujawski" title="Solec Kujawski">Solec Kujawski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Ruda,_Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Stara Ruda, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Stara Ruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stare_Rogowo" title="Stare Rogowo">Stare Rogowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stary_Ciepiel%C3%B3w_and_Rek%C3%B3wka_massacre" title="Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre">Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulej%C3%B3wek#History" title="Sulejówek">Sulejówek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susz%C3%B3w" title="Suszów">Suszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaraj%C3%B3wka_massacre" title="Szarajówka massacre">Szarajówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczepiatyn" title="Szczepiatyn">Szczepiatyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczucin_massacre" title="Szczucin massacre">Szczucin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczuczki" title="Szczuczki">Szczuczki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szymankowo#World_War_II" title="Szymankowo">Szymankowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Alad%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Śladów massacre">Śladów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aroda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" title="Środa Śląska">Środa Śląska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiekatowo" title="Świekatowo">Świekatowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ta_Anna,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Święta Anna, Silesian Voivodeship">Święta Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Tczew_hostages" title="Execution of Tczew hostages">Tczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telatyn" title="Telatyn">Telatyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torzeniec_massacre" title="Torzeniec massacre">Torzeniec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucznawa" title="Tucznawa">Tucznawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanaty,_Masovian_Voivodeship" title="Wanaty, Masovian Voivodeship">Wanaty</a></li> <li>Warsaw <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_at_Bracka_Street_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre at Bracka Street in Warsaw">Bracka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_murder_on_Dzika_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass murder on Dzika street">Dzika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_at_111_Marsza%C5%82kowska_Street_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre at 111 Marszałkowska Street in Warsaw">Marszałkowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Mokot%C3%B3w" title="Suppression of Mokotów">Mokotów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_the_Mokot%C3%B3w_prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre in the Mokotów prison">Mokotów prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochota_massacre" title="Ochota massacre">Ochota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidation_of_the_insurgent_hospitals_in_Warsaw%27s_Old_Town" title="Liquidation of the insurgent hospitals in Warsaw's Old Town">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_in_Warsaw%27s_police_district" title="Executions in Warsaw's police district">Police district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_the_Jesuit_monastery_on_Rakowiecka_Street_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre in the Jesuit monastery on Rakowiecka Street in Warsaw">Rakowiecka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_executions_in_Warsaw_(1943%E2%80%931944)" title="Street executions in Warsaw (1943–1944)">Street executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wola_massacre" title="Wola massacre">Wola</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawer_massacre" title="Wawer massacre">Wawer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zownica_massacre" title="Wiązownica massacre">Wiązownica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wielu%C5%84" title="Bombing of Wieluń">Wieluń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieniec-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Wieniec-Zdrój">Wieniec-Zdrój</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winiary,_Kalisz" title="Winiary, Kalisz">Winiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnory-Wandy_massacre" title="Wnory-Wandy massacre">Wnory-Wandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wola_%C5%81%C4%85cka" title="Wola Łącka">Wola Łącka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wylaz%C5%82%C3%B3w,_Gmina_Podd%C4%99bice" title="Wylazłów, Gmina Poddębice">Wylazłów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyry" title="Wyry">Wyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyszan%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Wyszanów massacre">Wyszanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaj%C4%85czek,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Zajączek, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Zajączek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_in_Zakroczym" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre in Zakroczym">Zakroczym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalesie_Dolne" title="Zalesie Dolne">Zalesie Dolne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambr%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Zambrów massacre">Zambrów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamch" title="Zamch">Zamch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawady_Ma%C5%82e" title="Zawady Małe">Zawady Małe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbrudzewo" title="Zbrudzewo">Zbrudzewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdziechowa" title="Zdziechowa">Zdziechowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zgo%C5%84" title="Zgoń">Zgoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimnowoda,_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Zimnowoda, Silesian Voivodeship">Zimnowoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w#World_War_II" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war Poland <br />(<a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Volhynia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_for_Bitk%C3%B3w" title="Attack for Bitków">Bitków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortnytsia" title="Bortnytsia">Bortnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budy_Ossowskie_massacre" title="Budy Ossowskie massacre">Budy Ossowskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryn%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Chrynów massacre">Chrynów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominopol_massacre" title="Dominopol massacre">Dominopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Dubno" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Dubno">Dubno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaj_massacre" title="Gaj massacre">Gaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82%C4%99boczyca_massacre" title="Głęboczyca massacre">Głęboczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%B3w_massacre" title="Gurów massacre">Gurów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurby_massacre" title="Hurby massacre">Hurby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janowa_Dolina_massacre" title="Janowa Dolina massacre">Janowa Dolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisielin_massacre" title="Kisielin massacre">Kisielin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kysorychi" title="Kysorychi">Kisorycze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Lutsk" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk">Łuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3wki_massacre" title="Ostrówki massacre">Ostrówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paro%C5%9Bla_I_massacre" title="Parośla I massacre">Parośla I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlivka,_Volyn_Oblast" title="Pavlivka, Volyn Oblast">Poryck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wola_Ostrowiecka_massacre" title="Wola Ostrowiecka massacre">Wola Ostrowiecka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C5%9Bniowiec_massacres" title="Wiśniowiec massacres"> Wiśniowiec </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagaje_massacre" title="Zagaje massacre">Zagaje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBeni%C3%B3wka_massacre" title="Żeniówka massacre">Żeniówka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war Poland <br />(<a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Eastern Galicia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamy_massacre" title="Adamy massacre">Adamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borshchovychi" title="Borshchovychi">Barszczowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezne#History" title="Berezne">Berezne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_Berezovytsia" title="Mala Berezovytsia">Berezowica Mała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruckenthal" title="Bruckenthal">Bruckenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Berezhany" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Berezhany">Brzeżany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budki_Borovskiye" title="Budki Borovskiye">Budki Borowskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chodaczk%C3%B3w_Wielki_massacre" title="Chodaczków Wielki massacre">Chodaczków Wielki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Czortków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czarny_Las_massacre" title="Czarny Las massacre">Czarny Las</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dem%27ianiv_Laz" title="Dem'ianiv Laz">Demianów Łaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovhyi_Voinyliv" title="Dovhyi Voinyliv">Dołha Wojniłowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutysche" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutysche">Huta Oleska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huta_Pieniacka_massacre" title="Huta Pieniacka massacre">Huta Pieniacka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerynivka,_Kremenets_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Katerynivka, Kremenets Raion">Katerburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korosciatyn_massacre" title="Korosciatyn massacre">Korosciatyń</a></li> <li>Lwów <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres_in_Lviv" title="NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv">NKVD prisoner massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Lw%C3%B3w_professors" title="Massacre of Lwów professors">Professors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosty_Wielkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosty Wielkie">Mosty Wielkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palikrowy_massacre" title="Palikrowy massacre">Palikrowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidkamin_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidkamin massacre">Podkamień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Sambir" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Sambir">Sambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urycz_massacre" title="Urycz massacre">Urycz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacre_in_Zolochiv" title="NKVD prisoner massacre in Zolochiv">Złoczów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polish self-defence <br />centres in Volhynia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huta_Stepa%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Huta Stepańska">Huta Stepańska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdyba%C5%84_Warkowicki" title="Kurdybań Warkowicki">Kurdybań Warkowicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuty_(K%C4%85ty)_defence" title="Kuty (Kąty) defence">Kuty (in Volhynia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84ska_Dolina" title="Pańska Dolina">Pańska Dolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przebra%C5%BCe_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Przebraże Defence">Przebraże</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Huta,_Volyn_Oblast" title="Stara Huta, Volyn Oblast">Stara Huta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rest of Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Katyn_List" title="Ukrainian Katyn List">Ukrainian Katyn List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bykivnia_graves" title="Bykivnia graves">Bykivnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv#The_Red_October_and_the_Soviet_period" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatykhatky,_Kharkiv_Oblast#Burials_and_memorial_complex_in_Lisopark" title="Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast">Piatykhatky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starobilsk#The_Prison_for_Polish_POWs_Officers" title="Starobilsk">Starobilsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_massacre" title="Vinnytsia massacre">Vinnytsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berezwecz-Taklinovo_Death_Road" title="Berezwecz-Taklinovo Death Road">Berezwecz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Brzostowica_Ma%C5%82a" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Brzostowica Mała">Brzostowica Mała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokrany">Mokrany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naliboki_massacre" title="Naliboki massacre">Naliboki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumowicze" class="mw-redirect" title="Naumowicze">Naumowicze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Nowogr%C3%B3dek" title="Martyrs of Nowogródek">Nowogródek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vileyka-Barysaw_Death_Road" title="Vileyka-Barysaw Death Road">Wilejka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valozhyn-Tarasovo_Death_Road" title="Valozhyn-Tarasovo Death Road">Wołożyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rest of Belarus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Katyn_List" title="Belarusian Katyn List">Belarusian Katyn List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervyen_massacre" title="Chervyen massacre">Chervyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurapaty" title="Kurapaty">Kurapaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-war_Poland205" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glinciszki_massacre" title="Glinciszki massacre">Glinciszki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koniuchy_massacre" title="Koniuchy massacre">Koniuchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponary_massacre" title="Ponary massacre">Ponary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ciany_massacre" title="Święciany massacre">Święciany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Wilno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luki%C5%A1k%C4%97s_Prison" title="Lukiškės Prison">Łukiszki</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyń</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kozelsk#POW_camp_for_Polish_officers" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyn_(rural_locality)" title="Katyn (rural locality)">Katyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver#20th_century" title="Tver">Kalinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mednoye,_Tver_Oblast" title="Mednoye, Tver Oblast">Mednoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostashkov#Second_World_War" title="Ostashkov">Ostashkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantarny,_Kaliningrad_Oblast#Massacre_of_Palmnicken" title="Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast">Palmnicken (present-day Yantarny)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_Forest_massacre" title="Arnsberg Forest massacre">Arnsberg Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardelegen_massacre" title="Gardelegen massacre">Gardelegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horka,_Saxony" title="Horka, Saxony">Horka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heldburg" title="Heldburg">Poppenhausen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">Nazi German crimes against the Polish nation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutscher_Selbstschutz" title="Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz">Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tannenberg" title="Operation Tannenberg">Unternehmen Tannenberg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">Prisoner-of-war massacres</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Special_Prosecution_Book-Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Prosecution Book-Poland">Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intelligenzaktion" title="Intelligenzaktion">Intelligenzaktion</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intelligenzaktion_Pommern" title="Intelligenzaktion Pommern">Intelligenzaktion Pommern</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_Krakau" title="Sonderaktion Krakau">Sonderaktion Krakau</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_AB-Aktion_in_Poland" title="German AB-Aktion in Poland">AB-Aktion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Aktion T4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland">Persecution of the Catholic 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decrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939%E2%80%931946)" title="Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)">Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres" title="NKVD prisoner massacres">NKVD prisoner massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Bloody_Sunday" title="Volhynian Bloody Sunday">Volhynian Bloody Sunday</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Remembrance_of_the_victims_of_the_Genocide_of_the_Citizens_of_the_Polish_Republic_committed_by_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="National Day of Remembrance of the victims of the Genocide of the Citizens of the Polish Republic committed by Ukrainian Nationalists">National Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland" title="World War II casualties of Poland">World War II casualties of Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&oldid=1273418550">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Chortkiv_Prison&oldid=1273418550</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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