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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&returnto=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да отворите налог и пријавите се"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Отвори налог</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Иако није обавезно, препоручујемо да се пријавите [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Пријави ме</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EУ току је такмичење у писању чланака на тему \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8_2024\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/Традиција и обичаји 2024\"\u003EТрадиције и обичаја\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Види_такође" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Види_такође"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Види такође</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Види_такође-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Референце" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Протонаука</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 28" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A6%D8%A9" title="علوم مبتدئة — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علوم مبتدئة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protosains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Protosains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoci%C3%A8ncia" title="Protociència — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protociència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protov%C4%9Bda" title="Protověda — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protověda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protowissenschaft" title="Protowissenschaft — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protowissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototeadus" title="Prototeadus — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prototeadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Πρωτοεπιστήμη — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτοεπιστήμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Protoscience" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protociencia" title="Protociencia — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protociencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prascienco" title="Prascienco — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prascienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozientzia" title="Protozientzia — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Protozientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protoscience" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protociencia" title="Protociencia — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protociencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoscienza" title="Protoscienza — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protoscienza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="プロトサイエンス — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロトサイエンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protowetenschap" title="Protowetenschap — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protowetenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protovitenskap" title="Protovitenskap — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Protovitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonauka" title="Protonauka — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protonauka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoci%C3%AAncia" title="Protociência — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protociência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Protoștiință — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protoștiință" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Протонаука — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протонаука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoshkenca" title="Protoshkenca — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protoshkenca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esitiede" title="Esitiede — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protovetenskap" title="Protovetenskap — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Protovetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96nbilim" title="Önbilim — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Önbilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Протонаука — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протонаука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="原科學 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преузми у PDF-у</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Одштампајте ову страницу [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Одштампај</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На другим пројектима </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protoscience" hreflang="en"><span>Викиостава</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375843" title="Веза ка ставци на спремишту података [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ставка на Википодацима</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Протонаука</b> (од речи <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proto-#Prefix" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:proto-">прото-</a></i> + <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наука">наука</a></i>) означава најраније епохе у <a href="/wiki/Istorija_nauke" title="Istorija nauke">историји науке</a> када је <a href="/wiki/Nau%C4%8Dna_metoda" title="Naučna metoda">научни метод</a> тек настајао. </p><p>Једна од протонаука је <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алхемија">алхемија</a>. Тако је <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD" title="Исак Њутн">Исак Њутн</a> крајем 17. века и почетком 18. века доприносио наукама <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија">хемије</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физике</a>, иако је званично био алхемичар и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Природна филозофија">природни филозоф</a>. Са тачке гледишта из 21. века, Њутн се класификује као протонаучник. </p><p>У <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Филозофија науке">филозофији науке</a> постоји неколико дефиниција протонауке. Стога, друго значење протонауку убацује у данашњи свет надовезујући се на разлику између <i>тврдих и меких наука</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Енглески језик">енгл</a>. <i>Hard and soft science</i>) по којој се науке рангирају по томе колико имају ригорозну <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Методика">методологију</a>. У овом смислу се природне науке попут <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физике</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија">хемије</a> посматрају као науке, док се <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Психоанализа">психоанализа</a> може класификовати као протонаука због њене теоријске основе и недостатка <a href="/wiki/Empirijska_teorija" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirijska teorija">емпиријских</a> доказа. У овом контексту, протонаука се разликује од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псеудонаука">псеудонауке</a>, јер се она ипак мења са новим доказима док се у псеудонауци првобитна <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипотеза">хипотеза</a> не мења без обзира на доказе. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Филозофија хемије (страница не постоји)">Филозоф хемије</a> Јап Бракел дефинише протонауку као "проучавање <i>нормативних</i> критеријума за експерименталну употребу технологије у науци".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Томас Кун">Томас Кун</a> је истакао да протонаука <i>ствара закључке који се могу тестирати, али ... ипак подсећа на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Филозофија">филозофију</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Уметност">уметност</a>, а не модерну науку. Мислим на, на пример, у областима као што су <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија">хемија</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Електрицитет">еликтрицитет</a> до средине 18. века, изучавање <a href="/wiki/Nasle%C4%91ivanje" title="Nasleđivanje">наследства</a> и <a href="/wiki/Filogenetsko_stablo" title="Filogenetsko stablo">филогенетских стабала</a> до средине 19. века или многе <a href="/wiki/Dru%C5%A1tvene_nauke" title="Društvene nauke">друштвене науке</a> данас</i>. Истичући да оне задовољавају критеријуме тестирања, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Попер">Попер</a> се пита да ли дискусије у протонаучним пољима "доводе до јасног прогреса".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Термин <i>пренаучни </i>значи <i>у односу на епоху пре него што је наука постојала</i>. На пример, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Традиционална медицина">традиционална медицина</a> је постојала хиљадама година пре него што је настала медицинска наука и због тога се многи њени аспекти означавају као пренаучни. У сличном, али мало различитом смислу, протонаучне теме (као што су алхемија током Њутновог времена) се могу назвати пренаучном, у ком случају су <i>прото-</i> и <i>пре-</i> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Синоним">синоними</a>. </p><p>Неке протонауке постају део званичне науке.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Тако је из <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрологија">астрологије</a> настала <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија">астрономија</a> или из <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Алхемија">алхемије</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија">хемија</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Види_такође"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.92.D0.B5"></span>Види такође</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Види такође”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Види такође"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istorija_nauke" title="Istorija nauke">Историја науке</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипотеза">Хипотеза</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Природна филозофија">Природна филозофија</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Референце"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Референце</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Референце”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Референце"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brakel, Jaap, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XU1OwXNHN50C&pg=PA160&dq=protoscience&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xsn6Tty0BtO78gOz8oAZ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=protoscience&f=false">protoscience and protochemistry</a>", Philosophy of chemistry: between the manifest and the scientific image, Leuven Univ Pr, December 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kuhn, Thomas (1970). Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave, ур. <i>Criticism and the growth of knowledge, Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science [held at Bedford college, Regent's Park, London, from July 11th to 17th 1965]</i> (Reprint изд.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. стр. 244—245. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-521-09623-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-521-09623-2">978-0-521-09623-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.btitle=Criticism+and+the+growth+of+knowledge%2C+Proceedings+of+the+International+Colloquium+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science+%5Bheld+at+Bedford+college%2C+Regent%27s+Park%2C+London%2C+from+July+11th+to+17th+1965%5D&rft.date=1970&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09623-2&rft.pages=244-245&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419010537/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/truzzi.html"><i>Reflections on the reception of unconventional claims in science</i></a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (архивирано 2012-04-19), newsletter <i>Center for Frontier Sciences</i>, Temple University (1990). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/truzzi.html">the original</a> in April 19, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Литература”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Литература"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFKuhn1970" class="citation book">Kuhn, Thomas (1970). Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave, ур. <i>Criticism and the growth of knowledge, Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science [held at Bedford college, Regent's Park, London, from July 11th to 17th 1965]</i> (Reprint изд.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. стр. 244—245. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-521-09623-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-521-09623-2">978-0-521-09623-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.btitle=Criticism+and+the+growth+of+knowledge%2C+Proceedings+of+the+International+Colloquium+in+the+Philosophy+of+Science+%5Bheld+at+Bedford+college%2C+Regent%27s+Park%2C+London%2C+from+July+11th+to+17th+1965%5D&rft.date=1970&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-09623-2&rft.pages=244-245&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници">веза</a>)</span></li> <li>H Holcomb, <i>Moving Beyond Just-So Stories: Evolutionary Psychology as Protoscience</i>. Skeptic Magazine, 1996.</li> <li>D Hartmann, <i>Protoscience and Reconstruction</i>. Journal of General Philosophy of Science, 1996.</li> <li>R Tuomela, <i>Science, Protoscience and Pseudoscience</i>. Rational Changes in Science.</li> <li>JA Campbell, <i>On artificial intelligence</i>. Artificial Intelligence Review, 1986.</li> <li>G Kennedy, <i>Psychoanalysis: Protoscience and Metapsychology</i>. 1959.</li> <li>AC Maffei, <i>Psychoanalysis: Protoscience Or Science?</i>. 1969.</li> <li>N Psarros, <i>The Constructive Approach to the Philosophy of Chemistry</i>. Epistemologia, 1995.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спољашње_везе"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5"></span>Спољашње везе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Спољашње везе”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Спољашње везе"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107043502/http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/PSEUDO/moller.html">Questions to help distinguish a pseudoscience from a protoscience (a new science trying to establish its legitimacy)</a>. Adapted from "BCS Debates a Qi Gong Master," Rational Enquirer, Vol 6, No. 4, Apr 94</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Преузето из „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Протонаука&oldid=26983782">https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Протонаука&oldid=26983782</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Посебно:Категорије">Категорије</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Категорија:Историја науке">Историја науке</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Категорија:Научни метод">Научни метод</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Сакривене категорије: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници">CS1 одржавање: Употреба параметра уредници</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Категорија:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Датум и време последње измене странице: 16. јануар 2024. у 08:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст је доступан под лиценцом <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Ауторство—Делити под истим условима</a>; могући су и додатни услови. 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