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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਕਿਸਮਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਕਿਸਮਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਕਿਸਮਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਾਨਤਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਾਨਤਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਮਾਨਤਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮਾਨਤਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦਾ_ਪੈਮਾਨਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦਾ_ਪੈਮਾਨਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦਾ ਪੈਮਾਨਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦਾ_ਪੈਮਾਨਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਾਰਤ_ਵਿੱਚ_ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ_ਦੀ_ਦਸ਼ਾ_ਤੇ_ਦਿਸ਼ਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਾਰਤ_ਵਿੱਚ_ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ_ਦੀ_ਦਸ਼ਾ_ਤੇ_ਦਿਸ਼ਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਤੇ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਭਾਰਤ_ਵਿੱਚ_ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ_ਦੀ_ਦਸ਼ਾ_ਤੇ_ਦਿਸ਼ਾ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਤੇ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਭਾਰਤ_ਵਿੱਚ_ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ_ਦੀ_ਦਸ਼ਾ_ਤੇ_ਦਿਸ਼ਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਚੰਗਾ_ਪੱਖ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਚੰਗਾ_ਪੱਖ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>ਚੰਗਾ ਪੱਖ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਚੰਗਾ_ਪੱਖ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦੀ_ਗਿਰਾਵਟ_ਦੇ_ਕਾਰਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦੀ_ਗਿਰਾਵਟ_ਦੇ_ਕਾਰਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦੀ ਗਿਰਾਵਟ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦੀ_ਗਿਰਾਵਟ_ਦੇ_ਕਾਰਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੁਧਾਰ_ਦੇ_ਤਰੀਕੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੁਧਾਰ_ਦੇ_ਤਰੀਕੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ਸੁਧਾਰ ਦੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੁਧਾਰ_ਦੇ_ਤਰੀਕੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਗੈਲਰੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਗੈਲਰੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>ਗੈਲਰੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਗੈਲਰੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 61 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amostranza_superior" title="Amostranza superior – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Amostranza superior" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تعليم عال – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعليم عال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n_superior" title="Educación superior – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Educación superior" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_t%C9%99hsil" title="Ali təhsil – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ali təhsil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Юғары белем – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Юғары белем" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вышэйшая адукацыя – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вышэйшая адукацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вышэйшая адукацыя – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вышэйшая адукацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Висше образование – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Висше образование" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উচ্চশিক্ষা – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উচ্চশিক্ষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3_terci%C3%A0ria" title="Educació terciària – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Educació terciària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addysg_uwch" title="Addysg uwch – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Addysg uwch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videreg%C3%A5ende_uddannelse" title="Videregående uddannelse – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Videregående uddannelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6here_Bildung" title="Höhere Bildung – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Höhere Bildung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education" title="Higher education – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Higher education" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altnivela_instruado" title="Altnivela instruado – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Altnivela instruado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n_superior" title="Educación superior – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Educación superior" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5rgharidus" title="Kõrgharidus – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõrgharidus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_hezkuntza" title="Goi hezkuntza – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Goi hezkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آموزش عالی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزش عالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enseignement_sup%C3%A9rieur" title="Enseignement supérieur – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enseignement supérieur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educazion_superior" title="Educazion superior – ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Educazion superior" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensino_superior" title="Ensino superior – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ensino superior" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4-t%C3%A9n_Kau-yuk" title="Kô-tén Kau-yuk – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kô-tén Kau-yuk" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%94" title="מוסד להשכלה גבוהה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסד להשכלה גבוהה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उच्च शिक्षा – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उच्च शिक्षा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visoko_obrazovanje" title="Visoko obrazovanje – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Visoko obrazovanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բարձրագույն կրթություն – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարձրագույն կրթություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istruzione_superiore" title="Istruzione superiore – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istruzione superiore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高等教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panggulawenthah_inggil" title="Panggulawenthah inggil – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panggulawenthah inggil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thukuru_cia_hunjo_(higher_education)" title="Thukuru cia hunjo (higher education) – ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Thukuru cia hunjo (higher education)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Жоғары білім – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жоғары білім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="고등교육 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고등교육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Жогорку билим – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жогорку билим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educatio_superior" title="Educatio superior – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Educatio superior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk%C5%A1tasis_i%C5%A1silavinimas" title="Aukštasis išsilavinimas – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aukštasis išsilavinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augst%C4%81k%C4%81_izgl%C4%ABt%C4%ABba" title="Augstākā izglītība – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augstākā izglītība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi" title="Pendidikan tinggi – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendidikan tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उच्च शिक्षा – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उच्च शिक्षा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoger_onderwijs" title="Hoger onderwijs – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoger onderwijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8gare_utdanning" title="Høgare utdanning – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Høgare utdanning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8yere_utdannelse" title="Høyere utdannelse – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Høyere utdannelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensenhament_superior" title="Ensenhament superior – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ensenhament superior" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykszta%C5%82cenie_wy%C5%BCsze" title="Wykształcenie wyższe – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wykształcenie wyższe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensino_superior" title="Ensino superior – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ensino superior" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Env%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt_superior" title="Învățământ superior – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Învățământ superior" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Высшее образование – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Высшее образование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education" title="Higher education – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Higher education" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsimi_i_lart%C3%AB" title="Arsimi i lartë – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsimi i lartë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Више образовање – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Више образовање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gre_utbildning" title="Högre utbildning – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Högre utbildning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimu_ya_juu" title="Elimu ya juu – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elimu ya juu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Таҳсилоти олии касбӣ – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таҳсилоти олии касбӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalong_mataas_na_edukasyon" title="Lalong mataas na edukasyon – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lalong mataas na edukasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вища освіта – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вища освіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B0_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اعلیٰ تعلیم – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اعلیٰ تعلیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliy_ta%CA%BClim" title="Oliy taʼlim – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oliy taʼlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高等教育" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高等教育" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko-t%C3%A9ng_k%C3%A0u-io%CC%8Dk" title="Ko-téng kàu-io̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ko-téng kàu-io̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="高等教育 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高等教育" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q136822#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Al-Qarawiyyin_University,_Fes,_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/220px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/330px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/440px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> ਫੇਜ਼, ਅਲ-ਕਾਰਵਾਈਯਿਨ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਮੋਰਾਕੋਸ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ, ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਓਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਯੂਨੈਸਕੋ ਅਤੇ ਗਿੰਨੀਜ਼ ਵਰਲਡ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਰਿਕਾਰਡਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਡਿਗਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਹੈ।</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Bologna-vista02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bologna-vista02.jpg/220px-Bologna-vista02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bologna-vista02.jpg/330px-Bologna-vista02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bologna-vista02.jpg/440px-Bologna-vista02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>ਬੋਲੋਗਨਾ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਿਸਟੀ<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਜੋ ਕਿ ਇਟਲੀ ਦੇ ਬਲੋਗਨਾ<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿਤ ਹੈ। ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ ਹੈ।</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</b> (ਪੋਸਟ-ਸੈਕੰਡਰੀ ਐਜੂਕੇਸ਼ਨ, ਤੀਸਰੇ ਪੱਧਰ ਜਾਂ ਤੀਜੇ ਪੱਧਰ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ) ਵਿੱਦਿਅਕ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਅਖੀਰਲਾ ਪੜਾਅ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸੈਕੰਡਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਬਾਅਦ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਕਸਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ">ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ</a>, ਅਕਾਦਮੀਆਂ, ਕਾਲਜਾਂ, ਸੈਮੀਨਰੀਆਂ, ਕਨਜ਼ਰਵੇਟਰੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਕੁਝ ਕਾਲਜ-ਪੱਧਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਵੀ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿੱਤਾਕਾਰੀ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ, ਵਪਾਰਕ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਕੈਰੀਅਰ ਕਾਲਜ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਅਕਾਦਮਿਕ ਡਿਗਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ ਸਰਟੀਫਿਕੇਟ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਗੈਰ-ਡਿਗਰੀ ਪੱਧਰ ਤੇ ਤੀਸਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਕਈ ਵਾਰੀ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਅੱਗੇ ਦੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਜਾਂ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਜੋਂ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਨੇਕ ਕੌਮਾਂਤਰੀ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਹਾਸਲ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦਾ ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। 1966 ਦੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ, ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਨੇਮ, 13 ਵੀਂ ਧਾਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਘੋਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ "ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ 'ਤੇ, ਹਰੇਕ ਢੁਕਵੇਂ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ, ਅਤੇ ਖਾਸ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਗਤੀਸ਼ੀਲ ਪਹਿਚਾਣ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ " ਯੂਰੋਪ ਵਿਚ, 1950 ਵਿੱਚ ਅਪਣਾਏ ਗਏ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਯੂਰੋਪੀ ਕਨਵੈਂਸ਼ਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਟੋਕੋਲ ਦਾ ਆਰਟੀਕਲ 2, ਸਾਰੇ ਸਿੱਖਿਅਕ ਪਾਰਟੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਗਾਰੰਟੀ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। </p><p>ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਦੋਂ ਕੁਝ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਇਮਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ">ਪ੍ਰਾਇਮਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> ਜਾਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> ਤੋਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧਦੇ ਗਏ, <i>"ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ'</i> ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨੂੰ ਅਕਸਰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੈਕੰਡਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੈਕੰਡਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਕੁਝ ਉਲਝਣ<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ 14 ਤੋਂ 18 ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਉਮਰ (ਜਾਂ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ) ਜਾਂ 11 ਅਤੇ 18 (ਯੂਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਆ<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ਦੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਲਈ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ ਲਈ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਹਾਈ ਸਕੂਲ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹਾਈ ਸਕੂਲ</a> ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ ਹੈ। </p><p><b>ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</b> ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਿਖਲਾਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਿਖਲਾਈ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C" title="ਖੋਜ">ਖੋਜ</a>, ਲਾਗੂ ਕੀਤੇ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ (ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਮੈਡੀਕਲ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਡੈਂਟਲ ਸਕੂਲ), ਅਤੇ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਦੀਆਂ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ">ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ, ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੰਡਰ-ਗਰੈਜੂਏਟ ਪੱਧਰ, ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਅੱਗੇ, ਗ੍ਰੈਜੂਏਟ ਪੱਧਰ (ਜਾਂ ਪੋਸਟ-ਗ੍ਰੈਜੂਏਟ ਪੱਧਰ) ਦੋਵੇਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ">ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</a> ਦੇ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਪੱਧਰ ਨੂੰ ਅਕਸਰ ਗਰੈਜੂਏਟ ਸਕੂਲ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਖਾਸ ਕਰਕੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ">ਉੱਤਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ</a> ਦੇ ਵਿੱਚ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਕਿਸਮਾਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਮਾਨਤਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਮਾਨਤਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮਾਨਤਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰੋਜ਼ਗਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਰ ਕਰਨ, ਸਮਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲਣ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਖੋਜਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਅਹਿਮ ਰੋਲ ਅਦਾ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦਾ_ਪੈਮਾਨਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.97.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.A3.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦਾ ਪੈਮਾਨਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦਾ ਪੈਮਾਨਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਭਾਰਤ_ਵਿੱਚ_ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ_ਦੀ_ਦਸ਼ਾ_ਤੇ_ਦਿਸ਼ਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A4_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.9A_.E0.A8.89.E0.A8.9A.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਤੇ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੀ ਦਸ਼ਾ ਤੇ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਚੰਗਾ_ਪੱਖ"><span id=".E0.A8.9A.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96"></span>ਚੰਗਾ ਪੱਖ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=7" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਚੰਗਾ ਪੱਖ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AE.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.82"></span>ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=8" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਖ਼ਾਮੀਆਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਪਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਸ ਘੱਟਣ ਲੱਗ ਪਿਆ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਕਈ ਕਾਰਨ ਹਨ। ਬਹੁਤੇ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਹੀ ਪੂਰੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਦੋਂਕਿ 30 ਫੀਸਦੀ ਤੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਆਯੋਗ ਆਧਿਆਪਕ ਪੜ੍ਹਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਪੜ੍ਹਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਵੀ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਹੀ ਹਨ। ਸਿਲੇਬਸ ਵੀ ਬਦਲਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ। ਜੇ ਮਾੜੇ ਨਤੀਜੇ ਆਉਣ ਤਾਂ ਅਧਿਆਪਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਠਹਿਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ। ਖੋਜ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਦਾ ਪੱਧਰ ਮਾੜਾ ਹੈ। ਬਹੁਤੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਈਵੇਟ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ ਕੇਵਲ ਡਿਗਰੀਆਂ ਹੀ ਵੰਡ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ।ਦੂਸਰਾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਮਸਲਾ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦਾ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਉਪਰ ਖ਼ਰਚ ਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਬਜਟ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਘੱਟ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਉਪਰ ਖ਼ਰਚ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਪਾਰਟੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਮਹੱਤਵ ਨਹੀਂ ਰੱਖਦੀ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੋਜ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਅੱਖਰੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਉਪਰ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਦੋਂਕਿ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਉਲਟ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਦੇਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੋਜ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਲੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਉਪਰ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਜੇ ਵੀ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਫੈਸਰ, ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਤਰੀਕਿਆਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਹੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਉਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਨਵੇਂ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਨਹੀ, ਜਾਂ ਫਿਰ ਉਹ ਅਪਨਾਉਣਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੇ। ਪ੍ਰੈਕਟੀਕਲ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਸੁਪਨਾ ਹੀ ਰਹਿ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। </p><p>ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਹਰ ਕੋਈ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਆਲੋਚਨਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਦਖ਼ਲਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਆਧਿਆਪਕ ਨਹੀਂ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਨਾ ਹੀ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਸਹੂਲਤਾਂ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭ ਉੱਚ ਅਹੁਦੇ ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ ਤੋਂ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਤ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਿਰ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਗਰਾਂਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਦਿੰਦੀ। ਇਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਹੜਤਾਲਾਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਨੈਤਿਕ ਕਦਰਾਂ ਕੀਮਤਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਕੋਹਾਂ ਦੂਰ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਾੜੇ  ਸਿਲੇਬਸ, ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹੋਣਾ,  ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਦਖਲਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੀ, ਨਵੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ ਨਾ ਹੋਣਾ, ਆਦਿ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਸਮਸਿਆਵਾਂ  ਹਨ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ_ਦੀ_ਗਿਰਾਵਟ_ਦੇ_ਕਾਰਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.97.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.A3.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.9F_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦੀ ਗਿਰਾਵਟ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=9" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਦੀ ਗਿਰਾਵਟ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਚੁਣੌਤੀਆਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਸਕੂਲ ਤੋਂ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵੱਲ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਘਟਣ ਲੱਗ ਪੈਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿੰਗ, ਖੇਤਰੀ, ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਤੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਕਾਰਨ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਬਹੁਤੀਆਂ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ  ਜਿਹੜਾ ਸਿਲੇਬਸ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਮਿਆਰੀ ਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰ ਦੇ ਮੌਕੇ ਪੈਦਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ ਰਹੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ। ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਮਹਿੰਗੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਡਿਗਰੀਆਂ ਲੈਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਵੱਧਦੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਸੁਧਾਰ_ਦੇ_ਤਰੀਕੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.87"></span>ਸੁਧਾਰ ਦੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=10" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸੁਧਾਰ ਦੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਅਸਰਦਾਇਕ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ  ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਹਾਣੀ ਹੋਵੇ। ਨਵੀਆਂ ਖੋਜਾਂ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ। ਸਿਲੇਬਸ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਹੋਣ ਕਿ  ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਆਪਣਾ ਕੋਰਸ ਪੂਰਾ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਦਯੋਗਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੌਕਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਣ।  ਸਕਿੱਲ ਡਿੱਵੈਲਪਮੈਂਟ ਸੈਂਟਰਾ ਦਾ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇੇ। ਅਧਿਆਪਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਤੇ ਖੋਜ ਕਰਨ  ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕਰੇ। ਈ-ਟੈਕਨੋਲਜੀ, ਸਮਾਰਟ ਕਲਾਸ ਰੂਮ ਅਤੇ ਡਿਜ਼ੀਟਲ  ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। ਸਰਕਾਰ ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਲਈ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਿਰ  ਫੰਡ ਮੁਹਾਈਆ ਕਰਵਾਏ। ਅਧਿਆਪਕ ਦੀਆਂ ਤਨਖਾਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਬੋਝ ਗ਼ਰੀਬ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਨਾ ਪਾਇਆ  ਜਾਵੇ। ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਨਾ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਹੀ ਕੇਂਦਰਿਤ ਹੋਵੇ।  ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਆਪਣੀ ਅਤੇ ਲੋਕ ਦੀ ਭਾਈਵਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਲਾਗੂ ਕਰੇ।  ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਨੌਕਰੀ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਹੋਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਗੈਲਰੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.97.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80"></span>ਗੈਲਰੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=11" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਗੈਲਰੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ਪੈਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ "ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਸਮਝਦੀ ਹੈ।"><img alt="ਪੈਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ "ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਸਮਝਦੀ ਹੈ।" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG/120px-College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG/180px-College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG/240px-College_Hall_U_Penn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1838" data-file-height="1838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਪੈਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ "ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ ਸਮਝਦੀ ਹੈ।</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਕੈੰਮਬ੍ਰਿਜ਼ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਯੂਨਾਈਟਿਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ"><img alt="ਕੈੰਮਬ੍ਰਿਜ਼ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਯੂਨਾਈਟਿਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/120px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/180px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg/240px-KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਕੈੰਮਬ੍ਰਿਜ਼ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਯੂਨਾਈਟਿਡ ਕਿੰਗਡਮ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ਮੈਕਗਿਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਮੋਨਟ੍ਰੇਲ, ਕਿਊਬੇਕ, ਕਨੈਡਾ"><img alt="ਮੈਕਗਿਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਮੋਨਟ੍ਰੇਲ, ਕਿਊਬੇਕ, ਕਨੈਡਾ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG/120px-McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG/180px-McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG/240px-McGill_University_Arts_Building2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਮੈਕਗਿਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਮੋਨਟ੍ਰੇਲ, ਕਿਊਬੇਕ, ਕਨੈਡਾ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ਟਸਿਨਘੂਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਬੀਜਿੰਗ, ਚਾਇਨਾ"><img alt="ਟਸਿਨਘੂਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਬੀਜਿੰਗ, ਚਾਇਨਾ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG/120px-Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG/180px-Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG/240px-Tsinghua_University_-_Square_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਟਸਿਨਘੂਆ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ, ਬੀਜਿੰਗ, ਚਾਇਨਾ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="ਟੋਕੀਓੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਟੋਕੀਓੋ, ਜਪਾਨ"><img alt="ਟੋਕੀਓੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਟੋਕੀਓੋ, ਜਪਾਨ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG/120px-University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG/180px-University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG/240px-University_of_Tokyo_-_Gogetsusai_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਟੋਕੀਓੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਟੋਕੀਓੋ, ਜਪਾਨ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ, ਬ੍ਰਾਜੀਲ"><img alt="ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ, ਬ੍ਰਾਜੀਲ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg/120px-Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg/180px-Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg/240px-Faculdade_de_Direito_da_USP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ, ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਂ। ਸਾਓੋ ਪਾਉਲੋ, ਬ੍ਰਾਜੀਲ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon,_New_Orleans,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਯੂਐਸ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੋ7ੈਸਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ 2009"><img alt="ਯੂਐਸ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੋ7ੈਸਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/120px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/180px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/240px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="2776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਯੂਐਸ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੋ7ੈਸਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ 2009</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&section=12" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/oldest-university">Oldest University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats">Top Universities</a> <i>World University Rankings</i> Retrieved 2010-1-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.unibo.it/PortaleEn/University/Our+History/default.htm">Our History</a> - Università di Bologna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaul_L._Gaston2010" class="citation book cs1">Paul L. Gaston (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/challengeofbolog0000gast"><i>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wyjnHZ1IIlgC&pg=PA18&dq=the+oldest+university+in+the+world+Bologna&hl=en&ei=lFy-TtitBY3RrQflnNnjAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=the%20oldest%20university%20in%20the%20world%20Bologna&f=false The Challenge of Bologna]</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/challengeofbolog0000gast/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1-57922-366-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/1-57922-366-4"><bdi>1-57922-366-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyjnHZ1IIlgC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3Dthe%2Boldest%2Buniversity%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bworld%2BBologna%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DlFy-TtitBY3RrQflnNnjAQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D3%26ved%3D0CDsQ6AEwAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dthe%2520oldest%2520university%2520in%2520the%2520world%2520Bologna%26f%3Dfalse+The+Challenge+of+Bologna%5D&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=1-57922-366-4&rft.au=Paul+L.+Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchallengeofbolog0000gast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|title=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>External link in <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors%23param_has_ext_link">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_L._Gaston2010" class="citation book cs1">Paul L. Gaston (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/challengeofbolog0000gast"><i>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wyjnHZ1IIlgC&pg=PA18&dq=the+oldest+university+in+the+world+Bologna&hl=en&ei=lFy-TtitBY3RrQflnNnjAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=the%20oldest%20university%20in%20the%20world%20Bologna&f=false The Challenge of Bologna]</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/challengeofbolog0000gast/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1-57922-366-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/1-57922-366-4"><bdi>1-57922-366-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyjnHZ1IIlgC%26pg%3DPA18%26dq%3Dthe%2Boldest%2Buniversity%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bworld%2BBologna%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DlFy-TtitBY3RrQflnNnjAQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D3%26ved%3D0CDsQ6AEwAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dthe%2520oldest%2520university%2520in%2520the%2520world%2520Bologna%26f%3Dfalse+The+Challenge+of+Bologna%5D&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=1-57922-366-4&rft.au=Paul+L.+Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchallengeofbolog0000gast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|title=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <i>Higher Education: General and Technical</i>, a 1933 <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers">National Union of Teachers</a> pamphlet by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Eustace_Percy">Lord Eustace Percy</a>, which is actually about secondary education and uses the two terms interchangeably.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/high-school?a=british">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pucciarelli F., Kaplan Andreas M. (2016) Competition and Strategy in Higher Education: Managing Complexity and Uncertainty, Business Horizons, Volume 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFਡਾ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ" class="citation news cs1">ਡਾ. ਆਰ.ਕੇ.ਉੱਪਲ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2017/08/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B/">"ਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰ ਮੁਹੱਈਆ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਕੋਹਾਂ ਦੂਰ ਹੈ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"</a>. <i>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਟ੍ਰਿਬਿਊਨ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8&rft.atitle=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0+%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A3+%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82+%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0+%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&rft.au=%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE.+%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0.%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87.%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunjabitribuneonline.com%2F2017%2F08%2F%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0-%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%2588%25E0%25A8%2586-%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2589%25E0%25A8%25A3-%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%258B%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_news" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFਡਾ._ਆਰ_ਕੇ_ਉਪਲ" class="citation news cs1">ਡਾ. ਆਰ ਕੇ ਉਪਲ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2017/09/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%87/">"ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਬਣੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਹਾਣੀ"</a>. <i>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਟ੍ਰਿਬਿਊਨ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8&rft.atitle=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%87+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80&rft.au=%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE.+%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0+%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87+%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunjabitribuneonline.com%2F2017%2F09%2F%25E0%25A8%2589%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580-%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%2596%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2586-%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%258D%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A3%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580-%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25A3%25E0%25A9%2587%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_news" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFਪ੍ਰੋ._ਆਰ.ਕੇ._ਉੱਪਲ" class="citation news cs1">ਪ੍ਰੋ. ਆਰ.ਕੇ. ਉੱਪਲ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2017/05/ਉਚੇਰੀ-ਸਿੱਖਿਆ-ਵਿੱਚ-ਵੱਡੇ-ਪਰ/">"ਉਚੇਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਡੇ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ"</a>. <i>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਟ੍ਰਿਬਿਊਨ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8&rft.atitle=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82+%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C&rft.au=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B.+%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0.%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87.+%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunjabitribuneonline.com%2F2017%2F05%2F%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_news" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ&oldid=616431">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਉਚੇਰੀ_ਸਿੱਖਿਆ&oldid=616431</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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