CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Främre Orienten – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )svwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","mars","april","maj","juni","juli","augusti","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"c2bb0b2a-d85a-4088-affc-f67a0ef8dbd0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Främre_Orienten","wgTitle":"Främre Orienten","wgCurRevisionId":55952562,"wgRevisionId":55952562,"wgArticleId":47591,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sydvästasien"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Främre_Orienten","wgRelevantArticleId":47591,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sv", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q48214","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.babel":"ready","ext.gadget.geo":"ready","ext.gadget.warnings":"ready","ext.gadget.tags":"ready","ext.gadget.error":"ready","ext.gadget.referenser":"ready","ext.gadget.printonly":"ready","ext.gadget.tables":"ready","ext.gadget.toccolours": "ready","ext.gadget.smallTagFontSize":"ready","ext.gadget.videoPlayButton":"ready","ext.gadget.WikidataDescriptionStyles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.editsection0","ext.gadget.ProtectionIndicators","ext.gadget.GeoboxLocatorMulti","ext.gadget.InterwikiBadges","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.ExkluderaRobotskapadeSidor","ext.gadget.Nearby", "ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.cgiircbox","ext.gadget.withJS","ext.gadget.CommonsFileLinks","ext.gadget.tableSorterCollation","ext.gadget.WikidataDescription","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.gadget.WikidataDescriptionStyles%2Cbabel%2Cerror%2Cgeo%2Cprintonly%2Creferenser%2CsmallTagFontSize%2Ctables%2Ctags%2Ctoccolours%2CvideoPlayButton%2Cwarnings&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Främre Orienten – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redigera" href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Främre_Orienten rootpage-Främre_Orienten skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Huvudmeny" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Huvudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia" aria-label="Sök på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Fr%C3%A4mre+Orienten" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Fr%C3%A4mre+Orienten" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Fr%C3%A4mre+Orienten" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Fr%C3%A4mre+Orienten" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tidslinje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidslinje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tidslinje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidslinje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Webbkällor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Webbkällor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Webbkällor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Webbkällor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Främre Orienten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 101 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%8D_%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83" title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу – kabardinska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabye_Ooste" title="Nabye Ooste – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nabye Ooste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittlerer_Osten" title="Mittlerer Osten – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mittlerer Osten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89" title="الشرق الأدنى – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الأدنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Proximo" title="Orient Proximo – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orient Proximo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_pr%C3%B3ximu" title="Oriente próximu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oriente próximu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyres%E1%BA%BD_Ag%CC%83uigua" title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yax%C4%B1n_%C5%9E%C9%99rq" title="Yaxın Şərq – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaxın Şərq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82" title="یاخین شرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین شرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cema_Koron" title="Cema Koron – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cema Koron" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নিকট প্রাচ্য – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকট প্রাচ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Parak" title="Timur Parak – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Timur Parak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-tang" title="Kīn-tang – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-tang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Яҡын Көнсығыш – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҡын Көнсығыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Усход – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізкі Усход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%8E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Ўсход – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Блізкі Ўсход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reter-Nesañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Orient Pròxim – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orient Pròxim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzk%C3%BD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízký východ – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blízký východ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Agos" title="Y Dwyrain Agos – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Dwyrain Agos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rorienten" title="Nærorienten – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærorienten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naher_Osten" title="Naher Osten – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naher Osten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Εγγύς Ανατολή – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγγύς Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proksima_Oriento" title="Proksima Oriento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proksima Oriento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialde Hurbila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خاور نزدیک – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاور نزدیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Orient" title="Proche-Orient – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proche-Orient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гаргара Малхбоале – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Гаргара Малхбоале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8F%99" title="근동 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձավոր Արևելք – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձավոր Արևելք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_wuchod" title="Bliski wuchod – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bliski wuchod" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxim_Oriento" title="Proxim Oriento – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Proxim Oriento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asideg_a_Daya" title="Asideg a Daya – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Asideg a Daya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austurl%C3%B6nd_n%C3%A6r" title="Austurlönd nær – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austurlönd nær" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicino_Oriente" title="Vicino Oriente – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vicino Oriente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="המזרח הקרוב – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המזרח הקרוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%83_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Таяу Шығыс – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таяу Шығыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojhilata_N%C3%AAz%C3%AEk" title="Rojhilata Nêzîk – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojhilata Nêzîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Жакынкы Чыгыш – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жакынкы Чыгыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C4%93jie_Austrumi" title="Vidējie Austrumi – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidējie Austrumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artimieji_Rytai" title="Artimieji Rytai – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artimieji Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ves%C3%AC_Ori%C3%A8nt" title="Vesì Oriènt – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vesì Oriènt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Близок Исток – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Близок Исток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinanana_Akaiky" title="Atsinanana Akaiky – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atsinanana Akaiky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="الشرق الاقرب – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشرق الاقرب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabije_Oosten" title="Nabije Oosten – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nabije Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гергара Малхбале – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гергара Малхбале" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medl_Eist" title="Medl Eist – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Medl Eist" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_%C3%B8sten" title="Det nære østen – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nære østen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_Austen" title="Det nære Austen – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det nære Austen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B2che_Orient" title="Pròche Orient – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pròche Orient" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqin_Sharq" title="Yaqin Sharq – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaqin Sharq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%96%D8%AF%DB%90_%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%81" title="نږدې ختیځ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نږدې ختیځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Матісь Асыввыв – komi-permjakiska" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Матісь Асыввыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Oryint" title="Proche-Oryint – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Proche-Oryint" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nege_Oosten" title="Nege Oosten – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nege Oosten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wsch%C3%B3d" title="Bliski Wschód – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bliski Wschód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaq%C4%B1n_%C5%9Earq" title="Yaqın Şarq – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaqın Şarq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientul_Apropiat" title="Orientul Apropiat – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orientul Apropiat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Близкый Выход – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Близкый Выход" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближний Восток – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ближний Восток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближнэй Восток – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ближнэй Восток" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindja_e_Af%C3%ABrt" title="Lindja e Afërt – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lindja e Afërt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C" title="මෑත පෙරදිග – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෑත පෙරදිග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzky_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízky východ – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Blízky východ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bli%C5%BEnji_vzhod" title="Bližnji vzhod – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bližnji vzhod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wesch%C5%8Dd" title="Bliski Weschōd – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bliski Weschōd" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariga_Dhow" title="Bariga Dhow – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bariga Dhow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی نزیک – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی نزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Блиски исток – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блиски исток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Якын Көнчыгыш – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Якын Көнчыгыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89" title="ตะวันออกใกล้ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะวันออกใกล้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шарқи Наздик – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шарқи Наздик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak%C4%B1n_Do%C4%9Fu" title="Yakın Doğu – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakın Doğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Близький Схід – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Близький Схід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="مشرق قریب – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرق قریب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B2simo" title="Oriente Pròsimo – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oriente Pròsimo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Cận Đông – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harani_nga_Sinirangan" title="Harani nga Sinirangan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harani nga Sinirangan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penku_gu_Jege" title="Penku gu Jege – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Penku gu Jege" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C" title="近东 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近东" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocvet%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_Nezdi" title="Rocvetışo Nezdi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rocvetışo Nezdi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C4%97m%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97_R%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&oldid=55952562" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&id=55952562&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFr%25C3%25A4mre_Orienten"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFr%25C3%25A4mre_Orienten"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fr%C3%A4mre+Orienten"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_East" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>För regionen i modern tid, se <a href="/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stasien" title="Sydvästasien">Sydvästasien</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Främre Orienten</b> är ett historiskt namn med ursprung i Europas Medelhavskulturer som avser den del av <a href="/wiki/Orienten" title="Orienten">Orienten</a> (området österut) som låg dem närmast. Området motsvarar sydvästra <a href="/wiki/Asien" title="Asien">Asien</a> och nordöstra Afrika som huvudsakligen är beläget vid östra <a href="/wiki/Medelhavet" title="Medelhavet">Medelhavet</a>. Avgränsningen varierar, men kärnområdet är <a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">Levanten</a> (motsvaras av de nutida länderna <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien">Jordanien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> och <a href="/wiki/Palestina_(stat)" title="Palestina (stat)">Palestina</a>). Utöver detta kärnområde räknas i regel <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamien" title="Mesopotamien">Mesopotamien</a> (dvs dagens <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>) och <a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a>. Mer tveksamt är om Arabiska halvön och delar av Turkiet (historiskt benämnt <a href="/wiki/Mindre_Asien" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindre Asien">Mindre Asien</a>) ska räknas till Främre Orienten. Konstruktionen Främre Orienten är europeisk; ur kinesisk eller indisk synvinkel är området varken "främre" eller "östligt". Namnet har idag ofta ersatts av begreppet <a href="/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern">Mellanöstern</a>, som också har en europeisk utgångspunkt, men som ändå fått bred spridning. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stasien" title="Sydvästasien">Sydvästasien</a> är ett annat namn på samma område, i öster begränsat av <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>, i norr av <a href="/wiki/Svarta_havet" title="Svarta havet">Svarta havet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kaspiska_havet" title="Kaspiska havet">Kaspiska havet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Främre Orienten började människan bedriva jordbruk omkring 8000 f.Kr. i den <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rdiga_halvm%C3%A5nen" title="Bördiga halvmånen">bördiga halvmånen</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Natufisk_kultur" title="Natufisk kultur">natufiska</a> boplatserna från 11000 f.Kr. är bland de tidigaste tecknen på människans övergång till ett bofast liv. Flera kulturer utvecklades under <a href="/wiki/Neolitisk_tid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitisk tid">neolitisk tid</a> då människan blivit bofast och de första städerna uppkom. <a href="/wiki/Brons%C3%A5ldern" title="Bronsåldern">Bronsåldern</a> inleddes omkring 3500 f.Kr. och skrivkonsten uppfanns omkring 3000 f.Kr. Vid denna tid organiserades de första <a href="/wiki/Stadsstaterna" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsstaterna">stadsstaterna</a>, vilka senare skulle bilda grunden för de stora forntida kungarikena <a href="/wiki/Akkad" title="Akkad">Akkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrien" title="Assyrien">Assyrien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonien" title="Babylonien">Babylonien</a>, det <a href="/wiki/Forntida_Egypten" title="Forntida Egypten">forntida Egypten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hettiterriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Hettiterriket">Hettiterriket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persien</a>. </p><p>Hela regionen erövrades av <a href="/wiki/Alexander_den_store" title="Alexander den store">Alexander den store</a> på 330-talet f.Kr. och vid tiden för Kristi födelse var större delen av Främre Orienten en del av <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a>. Ett persiskt rike kontrollerade senare <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> och tidvis <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamien" title="Mesopotamien">Mesopotamien</a>, medan nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet">Turkiet</a> och Medelhavsområdet tillhörde det <a href="/wiki/Bysantinska_riket" title="Bysantinska riket">Bysantinska riket</a>. Främre Orienten erövrades av <a href="/wiki/Araber" title="Araber">araber</a> på 600-talet e.Kr. förutom det bysantinska <a href="/wiki/Anatolien" title="Anatolien">Anatolien</a>, vilket blev islamiskt efter erövringen av <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> år 1453. </p><p>Efter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Första världskriget">första världskriget</a> upplöstes det <a href="/wiki/Osmanska_riket" title="Osmanska riket">Osmanska riket</a> och stora delar av regionen blev europeiska <a href="/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism">kolonier</a> fram till <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tidslinje">Tidslinje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tidslinje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tidslinje"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Epok </th> <th>Tid </th> <th>Kulturgrupp </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Sten%C3%A5ldern" title="Stenåldern">Stenåldern</a></b> </center></td> <td rowspan="1"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitikum</a> <br /> </b><center><b>2 000 000 - 8300 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natufisk_kultur" title="Natufisk kultur">Natufisk kultur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><center> <b><a href="/wiki/Neolitikum" title="Neolitikum">Neolitikum</a></b> <br /> <center><b>8300 - 4500 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassuna" title="Hassuna">Hassuna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Halaf" title="Halaf">Halaf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubaid" title="Ubaid">Ubaid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merimde" title="Merimde">Merimde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><center> <b><a href="/wiki/Kalkolitikum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkolitikum">Kalkolitikum</a></b> <br /> <center><b>4500 - 3300 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruk_(kultur)" title="Uruk (kultur)">Uruk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badari" title="Badari">Badari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naqada" title="Naqada">Naqada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Brons%C3%A5ldern" title="Bronsåldern">Bronsåldern</a></b> </center></td> <td rowspan="4"><center><b>Tidiga bronsåldern</b> <br /> <center><b>3300 - 2000 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forntida_Egypten" title="Forntida Egypten">Egyptiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamla_riket" title="Gamla riket">Gamla riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akkad" title="Akkad">Akkad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><center> <b>Mellersta bronsåldern</b> <br /> <center><b>2000 - 1550 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forntida_Egypten" title="Forntida Egypten">Egyptiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Mellersta_riket" title="Mellersta riket">Mellersta riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assyrien" title="Assyrien">Gammal-assyriska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Babylonien" title="Babylonien">Gammal-babyloniska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mari" title="Mari">Mari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><center> <b>Sena bronsåldern</b> <br /> <center><b>1550 - 1200 f.Kr.</b> </center></center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forntida_Egypten" title="Forntida Egypten">Egyptiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Nya_riket" title="Nya riket">Nya riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assyrien" title="Assyrien">Medel-assyriska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Babylonien" title="Babylonien">Kassiterriket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hettiterriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Hettiterriket">Hettiterriket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><center> <b><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn%C3%A5ldern" title="Järnåldern">Järnåldern</a></b> </center></td> <td rowspan="6"><center><b>1200 - 332 f.Kr.</b> </center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forntida_Egypten" title="Forntida Egypten">Egyptiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Sentiden_(Egypten)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentiden (Egypten)">Sentiden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assyrien" title="Assyrien">Neo-assyriska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Babylonien" title="Babylonien">Neo-babyloniska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persiska_riket" title="Persiska riket">Persiska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenicien" title="Fenicien">Fenicien</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kungariket_Israel_(Samaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kungariket Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken">Grekisk-romersk tid</a></b> </center></td> <td rowspan="6"><center><b><a href="/wiki/332_f.Kr." title="332 f.Kr.">332 f.Kr.</a> - <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632 e.Kr.</a></b> </center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaiska_Egypten" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaiska Egypten">Ptolemaiska Egypten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seleukiderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleukiderna">Seleukiderna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romarriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bysantinska_riket" title="Bysantinska riket">Bysantinska riket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Partien" title="Partien">Partherriket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sasanider" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanider">Sassaniderriket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><center><b><a href="/wiki/Islams_historia" title="Islams historia">Islamisk tid</a></b> </center></td> <td rowspan="6"><center><b><a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> - <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923 e.Kr.</a></b> </center></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Umayyader" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyader">Umayyader</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbasider" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasider">Abbasider</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamluker" title="Mamluker">Mamluk-sultanatet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seldjuker" title="Seldjuker">Seldjuker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osmanska_riket" title="Osmanska riket">Osmanska riket</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levanten" title="Levanten">Levanten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern">Mellanöstern</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Norstedts uppslagsbok, 1992</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Webbkällor"><span id="Webbk.C3.A4llor"></span>Webbkällor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Webbkällor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Webbkällor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/fr%C3%A4mre-orienten?type=NE">Nationalencyklopedin: Främre Orienten</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Främre_Orienten&oldid=55952562">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Främre_Orienten&oldid=55952562</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sydv%C3%A4stasien" title="Kategori:Sydvästasien">Sydvästasien</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 20 september 2024 kl. 09.46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. För bilder, se respektive bildsida (klicka på bilden). Se vidare <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt">Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt</a> och <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">användarvillkor</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Wikimedias integritetspolicy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Allm%C3%A4nt_f%C3%B6rbeh%C3%A5ll">Förbehåll</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Uppförandekod</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utvecklare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sv.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Information om kakor</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvy</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Främre Orienten</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>101 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt ämne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-746t2","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.019","walltime":"0.033","ppvisitednodes":{"value":198,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":488,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":219,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":427,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4.786 1 Mall:För","100.00% 4.786 1 -total"," 61.55% 2.946 1 Mall:Hänvisning_bas"," 28.39% 1.359 1 Mall:Hänvisning2"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-66f47f5694-xggkd","timestamp":"20250205024534","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fr\u00e4mre Orienten","url":"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q48214","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q48214","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsgivare till Wikimedia-projekten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-05-19T17:23:48Z","dateModified":"2024-09-20T08:46:48Z"}</script> </body> </html>