CINXE.COM
Coming Soon - Adopting a Digital-Twin Strategy for Sustainable Manufacturing - Tech Briefs
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="3d8066e6-8b9d-44df-bdfe-fa197dd1cf73" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#324a98"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://agent.extrawatch.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" integrity="sha512-K26FuLEPyUwYkP20X00ZnEFnfPWvTnNFfxWErl7pCIi2bHy5WpiYx1lJjKVCmzyXV/zV1EqM+1WsGDxZiFfmMQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="pubdate" content="20241203"> <meta name="keywords" content="Green Design & Manufacturing,Manufacturing & Prototyping,"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta property="og:description" content="Advances in computing power and artificial intelligence are shaping digital product-development approaches. Digital twins enable design and engineering teams to explore more design options without the cost associated with the production and testing of physical prototypes as well as allow real-world data to inform product improvements. From designing a new product to optimizing production processes, reducing waste, and increasing efficiency, digital twins can help address an organization’s sustainability goals. This 60-minute webinar from the editors of Tech Briefs will look at the ways digital twins currently are being used in industry for sustainable manufacturing and will discuss approaches to successful adoption of the technology."> <meta property="og:image" content="http://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730062075/sites/tb/features-16x9/51892/shutterstock_1724892874_primary-feature-item.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1730062075/sites/tb/features-16x9/51892/shutterstock_1724892874_primary-feature-item.jpg"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51892-adopting-a-digital-twin-strategy-for-sustainable-manufacturing"> <meta property="og:title" content="Coming Soon - Adopting a Digital-Twin Strategy for Sustainable Manufacturing"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-10-29 18:36:56"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-29 18:36:56"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta name="description" content="Advances in computing power and artificial intelligence are shaping digital product-development approaches. Digital twins enable design and engineering teams to explore more design options without the cost associated with the production and testing of physical prototypes as well as allow real-world data to inform product improvements. From designing a new product to optimizing production processes, reducing waste, and increasing efficiency, digital twins can help address an organization’s sustainability goals. This 60-minute webinar from the editors of Tech Briefs will look at the ways digital twins currently are being used in industry for sustainable manufacturing and will discuss approaches to successful adoption of the technology."> <title>Coming Soon - Adopting a Digital-Twin Strategy for Sustainable Manufacturing - Tech Briefs</title> <link href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51892-adopting-a-digital-twin-strategy-for-sustainable-manufacturing" rel="canonical"> <style> /*! inlined from /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/css/template.min.css by ntb_minifier */ .ntb_tagsbot .taglist { font-style: italic; margin-top: 10px } .ntb_tagsbot .tagmenus { background: #FFE; border: 1px dashed #DDD; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px } .ntb_tagsbot .clusterlist { font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 10px; } .ntb_cluster_div { display: none; } .tagmenus div:first-of-type { font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 10px; } /* end /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/css/template.min.css */ </style> <link href="/plugins/content/jw_disqus/jw_disqus/tmpl/css/template.min.css?v=3.7.0" rel="stylesheet" /> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/article-webinar.css' * createdAt : 2024-11-21T09:22:53.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 288914 * size : 0 * validationStatus : GOOD */ @charset "UTF-8";#startOfPage{visibility:hidden}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#d63384;--bs-red:#dc3545;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#198754;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-black:#000;--bs-white:#fff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#324a98;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#198754;--bs-info:#0dcaf0;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#000;--bs-navbar:#324a98;--bs-navitem:#fff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-color-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#dc3545;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#198754;--bs-color-pink:#d63384;--bs-color-black:#000;--bs-color-white:#fff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-primary-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-info-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-navbar-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-color-blue-rgb:13,110,253;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:220,53,69;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-color-pink-rgb:214,51,132;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:"Lato",sans-serif;--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:Lucida Bright,Lucidabright,Lucida Serif,Lucida,Palatino,Times New Roman,Times,serif;--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#ffffff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#ced4da;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#324a98;--bs-link-hover-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-code-color:#d63384;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;padding-top:150px}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid #6c757d;opacity:.25}h1,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem + .6vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem + .3vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:none}a:not([href]):not([class]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;height:auto}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none;margin:0;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.offset-md-2{margin-left:16.66666667%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius);background-image:var(--bs-gradient);box-shadow:var(--bs-btn-box-shadow)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-border-color:#324a98;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(42.5, 62.9, 129.2);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(37.5, 55.5, 114);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#324a98}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#fff;--bs-btn-hover-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#fff}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;text-decoration:none;background-image:none}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:#6c757d;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color)}.nav-fill .nav-item{flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center}.nav-fill .nav-item .nav-link{width:100%}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{padding-top:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);padding-bottom:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);margin-right:var(--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-brand-font-size);color:var(--bs-navbar-brand-color);white-space:nowrap}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-collapse{flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size);line-height:1;color:var(--bs-navbar-color);background-color:transparent;border:var(--bs-border-width) solid var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius)}@media (min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:flex!important;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}body:before{display:none}.navbar-dark{--bs-navbar-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);--bs-navbar-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:transparent;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:none}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:0;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:0.75rem;--bs-breadcrumb-bg:transparent;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#6c757d;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#6c757d;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary,.alert-secondary{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-info,.alert-warning{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-lightgray,.alert-navbar,.alert-navitem{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-advertising .alert-link,.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan,.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link,.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-color-blue,.alert-criticalcss{--bs-alert-color:rgb(7.8, 66, 151.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 226, 254.6);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 211.5, 254.4);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link,.alert-criticalcss .alert-link{color:#063579}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cache .alert-link,.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:rgb(132, 31.8, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(248, 214.6, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(244.5, 194.4, 199.2);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6a1921}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link,.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(128.4, 30.6, 79.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(246.8, 214.2, 230.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(242.7, 193.8, 218.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#67183f}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white;background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#ffffff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-modal-box-shadow);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#ffffff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0;box-shadow:var(--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow)}.offcanvas.offcanvas-start{top:0;left:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-right:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(-100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.fixed-top{position:fixed;right:0;left:0;z-index:1030;top:0}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-none{display:none!important}.w-50{width:50%!important}.w-75{width:75%!important}.w-100{width:100%!important}.flex-nowrap{flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mt-0{margin-top:0!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.me-auto{margin-right:auto!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.ms-auto{margin-left:auto!important}.p-0{padding:0!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.py-0{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.navbar-side-item p{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.ps-5{padding-left:3rem!important}.fw-normal{font-weight:400!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}.bg-inverse,.bg-navbar{--bs-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgba(var(--bs-inverse-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}.bg-navbar{background-color:rgba(var(--bs-navbar-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}@media (min-width:576px){.d-sm-none{display:none!important}.ps-sm-0{padding-left:0!important}.form-inline .form-control{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:768px){.d-md-block{display:block!important}.d-md-flex{display:flex!important}.d-md-none{display:none!important}.mt-md-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-block{display:block!important}}form{font-family:Lato,sans-serif}[role=button]{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button{font-family:Lato,sans-serif!important}.nav-link{font-size:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.nav-bottom .nav-link{font-size:11px;height:100%;letter-spacing:.1em}.nav-bottom li{border-left:1px solid #fff}.nav-bottom li:last-child{border-right:1px solid #fff}.navbar{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}@media (max-width:767.98px){.navbar{border-bottom:10px solid #324a98}body{padding-top:85px}}.navbar-brand img{max-width:none;max-height:65px}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529}.navbar-side h6{color:#324a98;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#324a98}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}.navbar-toggler{padding:.75rem!important}.navbar-toggler-left{position:absolute}.breadcrumb{text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Lato,sans-serif}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}@media (min-width:576px){.container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#343a40;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000}.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after,footer nav a{color:#212529}@media (max-width:575.98px){.navbar-brand img{max-width:90%}body:before{content:"xs"}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1140px}body:before{content:"xl"}}@media (min-width:1400px){#menu-top-hubs ul{width:1320px}body:before{content:"xxl"}}article .overline{font-weight:400}.printmessage{display:none}article hr{clear:both}#webinar h3{font-size:1rem}#webinar .webinar-body h4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;clear:both}.overline{text-transform:uppercase;width:100%;color:#6c757d;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:.75rem}.followus-link{color:#495057;text-decoration:none;font-size:1.5rem}.followus-link:after{display:inline-block;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem;content:"|"}.followus-link:last-child:after{content:""}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/"},"csrf.token":"50426cb85c1ae243ead4232994234d97","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2019 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ window.customElements.define('joomla-hidden-mail', class extends HTMLElement { constructor() { super(); this.newElement = ''; this.base = ''; } /** * Lifecycle */ disconnectedCallback() { this.innerHTML = ''; } /** * Lifecycle */ connectedCallback() { this.base = `${this.getAttribute('base')}/`; if (this.getAttribute('is-link') === '1') { this.newElement = document.createElement('a'); this.newElement.setAttribute('href', `mailto:${this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('first'))}@${this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('last'))}`); // Get all of the original element attributes, and pass them to the link [].slice.call(this.attributes).forEach((attribute, index) => { const { nodeName } = this.attributes.item(index); if (nodeName) { // We do care for some attributes if (['is-link', 'is-email', 'first', 'last', 'text'].indexOf(nodeName) === -1) { const { nodeValue } = this.attributes.item(index); this.newElement.setAttribute(nodeName, nodeValue); } } }); } else { this.newElement = document.createElement('span'); } if (this.getAttribute('text')) { let innerStr = this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('text')); innerStr = innerStr.replace('src="images/', `src="${this.base}images/`).replace('src="media/', `src="${this.base}media/`); this.newElement.innerHTML = Joomla.sanitizeHtml(innerStr); } else { this.newElement.innerText = `${window.atob(this.getAttribute('first'))}@${window.atob(this.getAttribute('last'))}`; } // Remove class and style Attributes this.removeAttribute('class'); this.removeAttribute('style'); // Remove the noscript message this.innerText = ''; // Display the new element this.appendChild(this.newElement); } static b64DecodeUnicode(str) { return decodeURIComponent(Array.prototype.map.call(atob(str), c => `%${`00${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)}`.slice(-2)}`).join('')); } }); /* end /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail.min.js */ </script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="/plugins/content/econa/js/picturefill.min.js"></script> <script>// // GTM datalayer // window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({'navCluster' : "TB"}); dataLayer.push({'navTag' : "Upcoming Webinars"}); topicClusters = []; topicClusters.push("Green Design & Manufacturing"); topicClusters.push("Manufacturing & Prototyping"); dataLayer.push({'topicClusters': topicClusters}); dataLayer.push({'canonicalURL': 'https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51892-adopting-a-digital-twin-strategy-for-sustainable-manufacturing'}); dataLayer.push({'articleID': '51892'}); </script> <noscript tb-donotmove> <img class="nolazyload" height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=240802493731265&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body> <!--Google Tag Manager(noscript)--> <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript > <!--End Google Tag Manager(noscript)--> <header class="header"> <div class="header-container container-fluid fixed-top p-0"> <nav class="header-nav navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="hamburger navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-left d-sm-none d-block" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </button> <div id="hamburger-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse d-md-block d-none"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto"> <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars me-2"></i>Menu </a></li></ul></div> <a href="/" class="navbar-brand ps-sm-0 ps-5 mx-auto"> <img class="logolarge d-none d-md-block nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/site-logo_tag.png" alt="Tech Briefs" height="65"/> <img class="logosmall d-md-none nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/site-logo.png" alt="Tech Briefs"/> </a> <div id="newsmag-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"><ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#cb-form">LOGIN</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link" href="/account/registration">SIGN UP</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="search-side-button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </a></li></ul></div></div> </nav> <nav class="main-nav bg-navbar navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark main-nav nav-fill py-0"> <div class="main-nav-container container mx-auto px-0"><div id="menu-top-hubs"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav nav-bottom flex-nowrap d-md-flex d-none mx-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging">Photonics & Imaging</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation">Motion Control/​Automation</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/sensors-test">Sensors & Test</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics">Mechanical/​Mechatronics</a></li></ul></div></div> <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" style="position: relative"> <div id="toast_container" style="position: absolute; top: 40px; right: 5px; z-index: 10"></div></div> </nav></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/tb/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/techbriefs">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tv">Tech Briefs TV</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog">Blog</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features/products">Products</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/resources/special-reports">Special Reports</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/quiz">Quizzes</a></li></div></div><div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-874" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-874" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-874"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-874" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-874"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/software">Software</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/communications">Communications</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/lighting">Lighting</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/electrical-electronics">Electrical/​Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/rf-microwave-electronics">RF & Microwave Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/semiconductors-ics">Semiconductors & ICs</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/energy">Energy</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-876" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-876" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-876"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-876" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-876"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/photonics-optics">Photonics/​Optics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/imaging">Imaging</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation">Motion Control/​Automation</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-877" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-877" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-877"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-877" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-877"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/motion-control">Motion Control</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/robotics-automation-control">Robotics, Automation & Control</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test">Sensors & Test</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-878" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-878" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-878"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-878" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-878"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/sensors-data-acquisition">Sensors/​Data Acquisition</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-879" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-879" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-879"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-879" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-879"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping">Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/materials-coatings">Materials & Coatings</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics">Mechanical/​Mechatronics</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-880" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-880" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-880"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-880" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-880"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/mechanical-fluid-systems">Mechanical & Fluid Systems</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/propulsion">Propulsion</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/transportation">Transportation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/automotive">Automotive</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="/tb/spinoff">NASA Spinoffs</a></li></div></div></div><div class="col-12 px-0"> <li class="me-3"> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52032-doc-9512" class="side-link w-75"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1730256851/sites/tb/covers/TB-2024-11.jpg' class='w-50 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a></p> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52032-doc-9512" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p></li> <li> <p><a href="/tb/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Magazine Archives</a></p></li> <li> <p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TEBland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></p></li></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul></div></div></header> <section id="print-only-message" class="printmessage"> <h6><img data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/print-logo_tag.png" class="printlogo lazyload"/></h6> </section> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/tb/webcasts"><span itemprop="name">Webinars</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/tb/webcasts/upcoming-webinars"><span itemprop="name">Upcoming Webinars</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Article</span></li></ol> </nav><div id="system-message-container"></div><article id="webinar" class="row"> <div class="webinar-wrapper col-md-8 offset-md-2 col-12"> <div class="webinar-header px-0"> <div> <h6 class="overline mt-md-2 mt-0">Upcoming Webinars: Manufacturing & Prototyping</h6> <h1>Adopting a Digital-Twin Strategy for Sustainable Manufacturing</h1> <h6 class="fw-normal"> SPONSORED BY: <img data-src="https://static.techbriefs.com/images/stories/media/Adopting-a-Digital-Twin-logos-300.png" class="lazyload"></h6> <a href="/webinar522" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary"> REGISTER NOW <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div> <div class="webinar-date mb-2 px-0"> <div> <hr class="text-primary"> <h3 class="text-uppercase text-primary"> <time datetime="2024-12-03T14:00:00-05:00" itemprop="dateCreated">Coming on: Tuesday, December 3, 2024 at 2:00 pm U.S. EST</time></h3> <hr class="text-primary"></div></div> <div class="webinar-body mb-5 px-0"> <div> <a id="startOfPage"></a> <p></p> <p>Advances in computing power and artificial intelligence are shaping digital product-development approaches. Digital twins enable design and engineering teams to explore more design options without the cost associated with the production and testing of physical prototypes as well as allow real-world data to inform product improvements. From designing a new product to optimizing production processes, reducing waste, and increasing efficiency, digital twins can help address an organization’s sustainability goals. This 60-minute webinar from the editors of Tech Briefs will look at the ways digital twins currently are being used in industry for sustainable manufacturing and will discuss approaches to successful adoption of the technology.</p> <p>Topics include:</p> <ul> <li>Benefits of digital twins <ul> <li>Minimizing risk</li> <li>Maximizing process reliability</li> <li>Eliminating over-design margins</li> <li>Reducing energy expenditure</li></ul></li> <li>Digital twins’ role in and impact on modern manufacturing, autonomous manufacturing, and virtual commissioning</li> <li>Effects on entire production process, troubleshooting, and training</li></ul> <p>An audience Q&A session will follow the technical presentation.</p> <h4>Speakers:</h4> <h6>Berk Birand, Ph.D., CEO and Co-founder, Fero Labs</h6> <p><img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAyNCI+PHJlY3QgeD0iMCIgeT0iMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMTAyNCIgZmlsbD0iIzAwMDAwMCIgLz48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InNjYWxlKDguMTkpIHRyYW5zbGF0ZSgwLjUgMC41KSI+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iNTYiIGN5PSIxNCIgcng9Ijg3IiByeT0iMTExIiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDg0LjEyIDIxLjU5KSByb3RhdGUoMjA0LjUxKSBzY2FsZSgxMjMuMTAgMzkuNDIpIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iODUsNTQgMTIsNjAgMTI2LDE0MCIgLz48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyNiAxMDIpIHJvdGF0ZSgxMTIpIHNjYWxlKDkyIDM0KSI+PHJlY3QgZmlsbD0iIzAwMDAwMCIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiB4PSItMC41IiB5PSItMC41IiB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIxMTkiIGN5PSI1OCIgcng9IjMzIiByeT0iMzIiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoOTggMTExKSByb3RhdGUoMjkwKSBzY2FsZSg1MSA0OSkiPjxyZWN0IGZpbGw9IiMwMDAwMDAiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgeD0iLTAuNSIgeT0iLTAuNSIgd2lkdGg9IjEiIGhlaWdodD0iMSIgLz48L2c+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoNTAuNDUgMTI0LjAwKSByb3RhdGUoMjA5LjgyKSBzY2FsZSgxMy42OCAzNi42NikiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNmZmZmZmYiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDAgNDMpIHJvdGF0ZSgxNSkgc2NhbGUoMzcgMTI0KSI+PHJlY3QgZmlsbD0iI2U3ZTdlNyIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiB4PSItMC41IiB5PSItMC41IiB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjNTE1MzUzIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iNTguNjQsNTMuNjksNTUuMTAsLTMuNDMsMTYuMTMsNTkuNTgsOC45NiwxMDguMTYiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzAwMDAwMCIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9Ijg3LjYyLDc0LjQ2LDg1LjkyLDU5LjY0LDE0Ljk3LDk5LjEwLDEwOS40OCw5MC4wMCIgLz48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyMS41MCAxMTkuMTQpIHJvdGF0ZSgxMTIuODUpIHNjYWxlKDI4LjQyIDE2LjU5KSI+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iIzAwMDAwMCIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iMCIgY3k9IjAiIHJ4PSIxIiByeT0iMSIgLz48L2c+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iI2VhZWFlYSIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iMTI0IiBjeT0iMzMiIHJ4PSI0MCIgcnk9IjU4IiAvPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiMwNzBjMGUiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjEwMiIgY3k9IjExNSIgcng9IjMwIiByeT0iMzAiIC8+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iIzFhMWMxYyIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iODQiIGN5PSIzNiIgcng9IjIiIHJ5PSIyMiIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjYTdhOGE4IiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iMzEsNTEgNDIsODUgMzEsOTEiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzA0MDYwNiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjQ3LDMxIDM0LDU0IDQxLDE5IiAvPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNlYmViZWEiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjQ3IiBjeT0iNDgiIHJ4PSI3IiByeT0iNyIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZGVkZWRlIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iNDgsLTE2IC0xNiwyMCAzMyw0NiIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjM2QzZjNmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iMTYuNTAsNDIuMjUsNjMuMTcsNjUuNzgsOS44Nyw3NC4xMCw4LjM4LDYzLjM0IiAvPjxyZWN0IGZpbGw9IiM0NDQ1NDUiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgeD0iNjUiIHk9IjI5IiB3aWR0aD0iMTQiIGhlaWdodD0iOSIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZWNlY2VjIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iNzIsODcgMjEsMTQwIDY0LDE0MCIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iOTQuNTQsMTA2LjUzLDM4Ljk2LDc1LjA1LDM4LjI2LDY3LjQ5LDM3LjI2LDUwLjU5IiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDE4LjAwIDExNi40MCkgcm90YXRlKDYxLjAzKSBzY2FsZSgxOS44NCAyMS4xMSkiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiMwNDA4MGEiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDU3IDI0KSByb3RhdGUoMTI3KSBzY2FsZSgxNCAxOCkiPjxyZWN0IGZpbGw9IiNkZGRkZGQiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgeD0iLTAuNSIgeT0iLTAuNSIgd2lkdGg9IjEiIGhlaWdodD0iMSIgLz48L2c+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzBkMGYxMSIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjcxLjY2LDE0MC4wMCw3MS4zMCw2OS4wOSwxNDAuMDAsMTAzLjExLDEzOC43MCwxNDAuMDAiIC8+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_auto,f_auto,q_auto/v1730061945/sites/tb/media-images/Berk_Birand-125.png' class=' auto-quarter-width cld-responsive' alt='' /></p> <p>Dr. Berk Birand serves as the CEO of Fero Labs, which he also co-founded. Berk holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from Columbia University. His academic research focused on optimizing wireless and optical networks with efficient cross-layer algorithms. He holds a patent in IoT systems for resilient fiber-optic networks.</p> <h6>Sarra Hmili, Application Engineer, Tebis America</h6> <p><img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_auto,f_auto,q_auto/v1730061945/sites/tb/media-images/Sarra_Hmili-125.png' class=' auto-quarter-width cld-responsive' alt='' /></p> <p>Sarra Hmili is an Application Engineer at Tebis America, where she leverages her extensive expertise in CAD/CAM software and digital twin technology to help companies optimize workflows, proactively identify potential issues, and fine-tune operations for maximum efficiency and quality. Before joining Tebis as a Product and Application Specialist in 2023, Sarra was a a Technical Trainer and Application Specialist at BLM Group USA. She also gained valuable experience as a Website Designer at NOWAY STUDIO. Sarra holds a bachelor’s degree from ESSEC Business School.</p> <h4>Moderator:</h4> <h6>Amanda Hosey, Editor, SAE Media Group</h6> <p><img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgd2lkdGg9Ijk0MSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDI0Ij48cmVjdCB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iOTQxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAwMDAiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJzY2FsZSg3LjUyKSB0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC41IDAuNSkiPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDU5LjQ3IDQ3LjY5KSByb3RhdGUoLTE4MC4xNCkgc2NhbGUoMTI0LjAwIDgxLjkxKSI+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmYSIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iMCIgY3k9IjAiIHJ4PSIxIiByeT0iMSIgLz48L2c+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjEzOSw5MyAxNDAsLTMgNjUsLTEzIiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDMuNDMgNDMuNjcpIHJvdGF0ZSgxMC4xNikgc2NhbGUoMTYuMzYgMTEwLjk3KSI+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iMCIgY3k9IjAiIHJ4PSIxIiByeT0iMSIgLz48L2c+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoNjQuMDUgOTQuMDkpIHJvdGF0ZSg4NS40Mikgc2NhbGUoODEuNzIgNTQuNjcpIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjNjAyYTFmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iLTEyLDQ3IC0yLC0xNiA5NCwtMTYiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTExLjM2IDEwLjc4KSByb3RhdGUoMTMzLjIwKSBzY2FsZSgyNi4xNyAxMjQuMDApIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iMTYuMDUsLTE0LjQ2LC0xNi4wMCwxMzcuMTYsMjEuMTYsMTA0LjM0LDkuMTQsOTMuODUiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoOTQuOTcgODguNDkpIHJvdGF0ZSg4MC4yOSkgc2NhbGUoNzEuNDIgMTMuMjApIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjMDYxNDFhIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iMTEzLjQ5LC0xNi4wMCwxMzkuOTUsMTIwLjQxLDEwMS44OSwxMDkuMTUsMTE3LjEzLDkzLjUwIiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDU0LjE2IDY3LjgzKSByb3RhdGUoMTc2LjMzKSBzY2FsZSgyNy43NSA0Mi4yNikiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNjZTg1NjkiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiM1ZDNmNDQiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9Ijc4IiBjeT0iMTMzIiByeD0iMTIyIiByeT0iMTgiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjY5LC0xNiAtNCw1NCAtMTYsNCIgLz48cmVjdCBmaWxsPSIjMDgwYzBkIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHg9IjM5IiB5PSIxMSIgd2lkdGg9IjM4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE0IiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDk4LjY5IDIuNTMpIHJvdGF0ZSgxOTguMTQpIHNjYWxlKDEwOS4xNCAxNi42NCkiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNmZmZmZmYiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDIwLjc5IDEyMy4wMykgcm90YXRlKDMxNS4xNykgc2NhbGUoMjYuMTcgMTIuMDcpIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjMGYxYTFkIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iLTEyLDEwMyAzLDExOCAzMCw5OSIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjY2U4Mzc1IiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iNTMuMzMsNzIuMjksNDAuMzgsMTEzLjc5LDY1LjAxLDEyOC43MCw3NC4zNywxMTguMDMiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzQ3MzczMCIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjE5LDMyIDUxLDYwIDExLDk3IiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDk4LjY3IDExNC42Mikgcm90YXRlKDMxLjAwKSBzY2FsZSgzMS45OCAxMS4yNikiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiMxYzIwMjIiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxwb2x5Z29uIGZpbGw9IiNkYTlmN2QiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgcG9pbnRzPSIyNy4zMCw1Mi4zNCw0OC41Myw1MS45MCw4My45Nyw1NS44NCw1NC40NSwyNi4xNSIgLz48cG9seWdvbiBmaWxsPSIjZmZmZmZmIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIHBvaW50cz0iMTM1Ljc3LDEzMC43NSwxMTQuNzYsMTA4Ljk2LDE0MC4wMCw1Mi41Myw5NC41NCwtMTYuMDAiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9Ii0xNiwtMTYgMTIsMjcgOTcsLTE2IiAvPjxwb2x5Z29uIGZpbGw9IiM0MTNlM2MiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgcG9pbnRzPSI3My4xOCw2Ny4xNywxMjQuNTMsNzguMzYsOTYuOTQsMjYuMzQsNzYuMTAsMTAuMzEiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjE0LDcwIC0xNiwxMTEgOCw4IiAvPjxwb2x5Z29uIGZpbGw9IiMxNzBjMDgiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgcG9pbnRzPSI0NiwyMiAyNywyMyAxOSwzNSIgLz48L2c+PC9zdmc+' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_auto,f_auto,q_auto/v1693988343/sites/tb/media-images/Amanda-Hosey-125.jpg' class=' auto-quarter-width cld-responsive' alt='' /></p> <p>By registering for this Webinar you agree to receive product announcements and special offers from SAE International via e-mail. By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group, an SAE International Company, and carefully selected Partner Sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Privacy Policy</a> (CA Residents refer to Section D of the Privacy Policy). You may opt-out from communications at any time. You may reach us at <joomla-hidden-mail is-link="1" is-email="1" first="cHJpdmFjeQ==" last="dGVjaGJyaWVmcy5jb20=" text="cHJpdmFjeUB0ZWNoYnJpZWZzLmNvbQ==" base="" >This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.</joomla-hidden-mail></p> <p></p> <hr> <div class="ntb_tagsbot"> <div class="taglist"> <strong class="sans-serif text-small">Topics:</strong><br> <a class="badge bg-primary link-white fw-light sans-serif text-small fst-normal" href="/component/ntb_tags/topic/green_design_manufacturing/green_design_manufacturing/tb/*?start=0"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-recycle"></i> Green Design & Manufacturing</a> <a class="badge bg-primary link-white fw-light sans-serif text-small fst-normal" href="/component/ntb_tags/topic/manufacturing_prototyping/manufacturing_prototyping/tb/*?start=0"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-industry-windows"></i> Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></div></div> <!-- Disqus comments block --> <a href="/webinar522" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary mt-3"> REGISTER NOW <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></div></div></div> </article><footer><div class="newsmatrix-hubheadlines mt-5 sans-serif row"> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-1 col-lg-3 col-6 order-lg-5"> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog" rel="nofollow">Blog</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52113-my-opinion-sustainability-depends-on-understanding-system-interrelationships"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732659343/sites/tb/features-16x9/52113/112724-tb-blog-jibos_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52113-my-opinion-sustainability-depends-on-understanding-system-interrelationships">My Opinion: Sustainability Depends on Understanding System Interrelationships</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52112-the-first-non-electric-touchpad">The First Non-Electric Touchpad</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28772-answering-your-questions-lithium-air-vs-lithium-ion-batteries">Answering Your Questions: Lithium-Air Battery vs. Lithium-Ion</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-2 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software" rel="nofollow">Electronics & Software</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52089-backup-system-can-keep-an-airplane-on-course-when-it-cannot-rely-on-gps-satellites"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732210292/sites/tb/features-16x9/52089/20241222_motion_design_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52089-backup-system-can-keep-an-airplane-on-course-when-it-cannot-rely-on-gps-satellites">Backup System Can Keep an Airplane on Course When It Cannot Rely on GPS...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28337-comparison-between-wave-soldering-and-reflow-soldering">Comparison Between Wave Soldering and Reflow Soldering</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26379-printed-electronics-the-future-is-flexible">Printed Electronics: The Future Is Flexible</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-3 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging" rel="nofollow">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52083-can-a-breakthrough-in-photonic-time-crystals-change-how-we-use-control-light"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732135068/sites/tb/features-16x9/52083/20241121_photonics_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52083-can-a-breakthrough-in-photonic-time-crystals-change-how-we-use-control-light">Can a Breakthrough in Photonic Time Crystals Change How We Use and Control...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20063-ccd-and-cmos-sensors">CCD and CMOS Sensors</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14324-0511ltp6">Polycarbonate Seen As Top Choice for LED Lighting</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-4 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation" rel="nofollow">Motion Control/​Automation</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52090-controlling-prosthetic-hands-more-precisely-by-the-power-of-thought"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732210538/sites/tb/features-16x9/52090/20241222_motion_design_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52090-controlling-prosthetic-hands-more-precisely-by-the-power-of-thought">Controlling Prosthetic Hands More Precisely by the Power of Thought</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20013-the-modern-industrial-workhorse-pid-controllers">The Modern Industrial Workhorse: PID Controllers</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26431-the-basics-of-encoder-selection-2">The Basics of Encoder Selection</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-5 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test" rel="nofollow">Sensors & Test</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1729951721/sites/ae/features-16x9/51772/element-quick-guide-image_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing">A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/33212-smart-sensor-technology-for-the-iot">Smart Sensor Technology for the IoT</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/27510-networking-the-iot-with-ieee-802-15-4-6lowpan">Networking the IoT with IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-6 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing" rel="nofollow">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52088-test-your-knowledge-about-hydrogen-powered-aircraft"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732205758/sites/tb/features-16x9/52088/112224-tb-quiz-hydrogenaircraft_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52088-test-your-knowledge-about-hydrogen-powered-aircraft">Test Your Knowledge About Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14234-msc-24389-1">High-Thermal-Conductivity Fabrics</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/9998-34454-200">Laser Beam vs. Electron Beam Welding Which process works best for what?</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-7 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics" rel="nofollow">Mechanical/​Mechatronics</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52086-first-toroidal-micro-robot-to-swim-autonomously-in-viscous-liquids"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732210412/sites/tb/features-16x9/52086/20241222_motion_design_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52086-first-toroidal-micro-robot-to-swim-autonomously-in-viscous-liquids">First Toroidal Micro-Robot to Swim Autonomously in Viscous Liquids</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/22850-mechanical-carbon-materials-for-aircraft-seal-applications">Mechanical Carbon Materials for Aircraft Seal Applications</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/18889-sae-2012-01-0426">Brushless Motors for In-Tank Fuel Pumps</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-8 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts" rel="nofollow">Podcasts</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52100-scaling-manufacturing-and-production-for-data-as-a-service-electric-drone"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1732469828/sites/tb/features-16x9/52100/112524-tb-podcast_k1000p_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52100-scaling-manufacturing-and-production-for-data-as-a-service-electric-drone">Scaling Manufacturing and Production for 'Data as a Service' Electric Drone</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52071-the-unusual-machines-approach-to-low-cost-drones-and-drone-components">The Unusual Machines Approach to Low-Cost Drones and Drone Components</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52034-processing-exploitation-and-dissemination-the-armys-future-vision-for-fused-ai">Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination: The Army's Future Vision for Fused...</a></p></div></div><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <nav id="footernav" class="sans-serif"> <div class="footer-bottom row"> <div class="left-column col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGVjaGJyaWVmcy5jb20vY29tcG9uZW50L2NvbnRlbnQvYXJ0aWNsZS81MTg5Mi1hZG9wdGluZy1hLWRpZ2l0YWwtdHdpbi1zdHJhdGVneS1mb3Itc3VzdGFpbmFibGUtbWFudWZhY3R1cmluZw=="/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="50426cb85c1ae243ead4232994234d97" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mid-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/company-directory">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="right-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div> </nav> <div class="row mb-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2009-2024 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer></div><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript> <!-- moved to end by ntb_minifier --> <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/vendor/webcomponentsjs/js/webcomponents-bundle.min.js?2.8.0" nomodule defer></script> <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/vendor/jquery/js/jquery.min.js?3.7.1"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-K26FuLEPyUwYkP20X00ZnEFnfPWvTnNFfxWErl7pCIi2bHy5WpiYx1lJjKVCmzyXV/zV1EqM+1WsGDxZiFfmMQ=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/> <!-- inline scripts moved by ntb_minifier --> <script> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/joomla-hidden-mail-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';function _inheritsLoose(subClass,superClass){subClass.prototype=Object.create(superClass.prototype);subClass.prototype.constructor=subClass;_setPrototypeOf(subClass,superClass);} function _getPrototypeOf(o){_getPrototypeOf=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.getPrototypeOf.bind():function _getPrototypeOf(o){return o.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(o);};return _getPrototypeOf(o);} function _setPrototypeOf(o,p){_setPrototypeOf=Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf.bind():function _setPrototypeOf(o,p){o.__proto__=p;return o;};return _setPrototypeOf(o,p);} function _isNativeReflectConstruct(){if(typeof Reflect==="undefined"||!Reflect.construct)return false;if(Reflect.construct.sham)return false;if(typeof Proxy==="function")return true;try{Boolean.prototype.valueOf.call(Reflect.construct(Boolean,[],function(){}));return true;}catch(e){return false;}} function _construct(Parent,args,Class){if(_isNativeReflectConstruct()){_construct=Reflect.construct.bind();}else{_construct=function _construct(Parent,args,Class){var a=[null];a.push.apply(a,args);var Constructor=Function.bind.apply(Parent,a);var instance=new Constructor();if(Class)_setPrototypeOf(instance,Class.prototype);return instance;};} return _construct.apply(null,arguments);} function _isNativeFunction(fn){return Function.toString.call(fn).indexOf("[native code]")!==-1;} function _wrapNativeSuper(Class){var _cache=typeof Map==="function"?new Map():undefined;_wrapNativeSuper=function _wrapNativeSuper(Class){if(Class===null||!_isNativeFunction(Class))return Class;if(typeof Class!=="function"){throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function");} if(typeof _cache!=="undefined"){if(_cache.has(Class))return _cache.get(Class);_cache.set(Class,Wrapper);} function Wrapper(){return _construct(Class,arguments,_getPrototypeOf(this).constructor);} Wrapper.prototype=Object.create(Class.prototype,{constructor:{value:Wrapper,enumerable:false,writable:true,configurable:true}});return _setPrototypeOf(Wrapper,Class);};return _wrapNativeSuper(Class);} window.customElements.define('joomla-hidden-mail',function(_HTMLElement){_inheritsLoose(_class,_HTMLElement);function _class(){var _this;_this=_HTMLElement.call(this)||this;_this.newElement='';_this.base='';return _this;} var _proto=_class.prototype;_proto.disconnectedCallback=function disconnectedCallback(){this.innerHTML='';};_proto.connectedCallback=function connectedCallback(){var _this2=this;this.base=this.getAttribute('base')+"/";if(this.getAttribute('is-link')==='1'){this.newElement=document.createElement('a');this.newElement.setAttribute('href',"mailto:"+this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('first'))+"@"+this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('last')));[].slice.call(this.attributes).forEach(function(attribute,index){var _this2$attributes$ite=_this2.attributes.item(index),nodeName=_this2$attributes$ite.nodeName;if(nodeName){if(['is-link','is-email','first','last','text'].indexOf(nodeName)===-1){var _this2$attributes$ite2=_this2.attributes.item(index),nodeValue=_this2$attributes$ite2.nodeValue;_this2.newElement.setAttribute(nodeName,nodeValue);}}});}else{this.newElement=document.createElement('span');} if(this.getAttribute('text')){var innerStr=this.constructor.b64DecodeUnicode(this.getAttribute('text'));innerStr=innerStr.replace('src="images/',"src=\""+this.base+"images/").replace('src="media/',"src=\""+this.base+"media/");this.newElement.innerHTML=Joomla.sanitizeHtml(innerStr);}else{this.newElement.innerText=window.atob(this.getAttribute('first'))+"@"+window.atob(this.getAttribute('last'));} this.removeAttribute('class');this.removeAttribute('style');this.innerText='';this.appendChild(this.newElement);};_class.b64DecodeUnicode=function b64DecodeUnicode(str){return decodeURIComponent(Array.prototype.map.call(atob(str),function(c){return"%"+("00"+c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2);}).join(''));};return _class;}(_wrapNativeSuper(HTMLElement)));})(); /*! inlined from /media/legacy/js/$-noconflict.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var $=$.noConflict(); /*! inlined from /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/js/tagsbot.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(document).ready(function(){var currentTagLinkID=0;$('#ntb_cluster_'+$("#ntb_cluster").children(":selected").attr("value")).show('fast');$("#ntb_cluster").change(function(){$('.ntb_cluster_div').hide('fast');$('#ntb_cluster_'+this.value).show('fast');});$(".currentTagLinks").mouseenter(function(){if(currentTagLinkID!=this.id){currentTagLinkID=this.id;$('.ntb_cluster_div').hide('fast');$('#'+currentTagLinkID.replace('_link','')).show('fast');}});});$(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'5013J3562790A3O',category:"upcoming-webinars",tag:"Green Design & Manufacturing,Manufacturing & Prototyping",pageType:"content",contentType:"webcast"})});!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','240802493731265');fbq('track','PageView');!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/tb_cmo_2017/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(window).scroll(function(){if($(document).scrollTop()>50){$("nav").addClass("shrink");$(".logolarge").addClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".logosmall").removeClass("d-md-none");$(".add").hide()}else{$("nav").removeClass("shrink");$(".logosmall").addClass("d-md-none");$(".logolarge").removeClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".add").show()}});var _extraWatchParams=_extraWatchParams||[];_extraWatchParams.projectId='df10ea60-5cca-4160-a90f-aec1558e967c';(function(){var ew=document.createElement('script');ew.type='text/javascript';ew.async=true;ew.src='https://agent.extrawatch.com/agent/js/ew.js';var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(ew,s);})();_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>