CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136e8899c0a5cd6',cH: 'ytmrKQcUviDwSBqhCs_HtsgPQRs4pjbmdc3dZdkDMfk-1739807166-1.2.1.1-3sMphZFh23dTW7ppdkzI6eRp7FMrxsZl6tHkwux9dPp46J8jsuF_PIeiXSL.5ohT',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rasha%20Alhendawi&__cf_chl_tk=FKlw7rd6wUld5W7qr43lihKLp6wwnLaoHH7TsC1Ru7I-1739807166-1.0.1.1-Qu1K5L92qAo1OwTwz6F3PWvmJwdQTPQfNN5ko5pN8BE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807166',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rasha%20Alhendawi&__cf_chl_f_tk=FKlw7rd6wUld5W7qr43lihKLp6wwnLaoHH7TsC1Ru7I-1739807166-1.0.1.1-Qu1K5L92qAo1OwTwz6F3PWvmJwdQTPQfNN5ko5pN8BE",md: "m3dTWDVu_FLHnz4M6ob.RwmPzMF_3_18QgdXFGip9J0-1739807166-1.2.1.1-WBu0ELEpyZUicC3Kwu0P67_RPRBzd5CfSRlPvR.0c7G1GuIypaGxzcRRhomxSsKv1IQbMoLFeSGeZnOV3z4NesDo54aJxKgrGJrTHcB71FEe9maaDzqU4LufSDvDnY8vZkYiy9iD0f0CkBS02cfIeo5goDXMd94eWw2lAqISoq4MM8GE9_aAHWOBv8_JxerlTJJopm7OHvzajIBp34JEmYnqbW7VcZWMu9XMCCF3oUsRhkotCbeagAvOQufckj2qap0Kq1dBg42Z2S86KlAj4eGl5plagXymdiT.TPxJ5a2clytMPQA3aDCVCM2z9MBf0c.GIuyZ_dxhZn28IjHo0tb7bu9FDfElWHM6BfZObm6eVlitDqP6mxysEAS52AgSK.YiaeSFfzd4I8ZDwfIVQkEcLn1vMIk1r9Tgv09KH7EjkiAKGB3QVGaZjMe113kugk0DW9jOhqoLhRJ8rqFNWKza23GFvgxoO.Pb4mbhB7ZWvjNzlO9HIZxocfMLhO6.v2j8ytJCbJdlB0vaGlorudLc6WBdjDOgLVrAnCsnE_FkgUrUTI36QWNq6HsCbVlE5wPg7S9NA8H2t4Vlnl.2nLyboyvxRzLtdX7QJMj_9.2FtFeuadkc5fIrZ54iT4HKoDSMlfRcGQs_kJvsU82yTN29bFkWy8hgvrUPUtfqI0W7kC0xojxk1EoQiR0_PlXXDly2Rq2zYbbGD3f5n9At5NRlZ5Fax8ENuMD4NYY4raxmR0ROaveSjb9F8sd8Bo.Y0IKhPRPquLUy9KLuycBwaWq0nhW8GFIXSnGZWkGs2L0pKxB_vTYzQXKXgPPuerQoyBL66HVUpMRVoaQ5a37cYsdh0VflRR6J1brwfG0QDncwv_TdXwmWlQ6QupML3SGjrdp3K9hKTg8k2iig3Ucxoxp13UV.7UJmmmewgeZBNDFBSIOInabRzM2TQH_r14Mw_P26rcIznASYLnZ6.rghJmAyfunikAi5QeV4SlO5yfPBDFcGdochhMjbwKBdmgAJaxDh4gEg3zquGobozms.Bar9TTOnBhd9XE6n3DZkDEfDKe_EdSxBdVSnsO19BsH_ZrIOk1uHJOkoyDKFZUWEnZgV_CcrJMPx7ywFLZSm_XrJyodOwYxBXRd_qugHWyo2CCwjJ0eaDlKrs0LaVcde7Umj34ciEO6mH.em8tcJLl9FEAba8pzQM8.tVX9Pc0Bl3.Z5i5ikC7NxVikTFYC8TTdgSkPPvMCoNZW2TFqf2mzq8K8MoK0AnQ.Dso2qlhLS8RXDO.mwxvzUe4dhQPUEtAAeSATSe_3R3OOMxTCXhRp2kBkEWSLIhv.qrXBUs19NJFr0QMraqajclq.QzisBq1ZhIO4FMHY2m2UOvewLdN40KkvOZrMwIwvWr8yreVWM2t565gbEX7u1Fvi5RSKD81Mz1cNsdaZi.4oustUezH5Xbm8KRcxiLAKBUVpNuHbisButXsi9i9azKE7hv_k6W9AItS32Hag1yKCoZPZ1NPnNS6CzGrpG7vaNOYDTr3NwDT_8HwXV3YTAvni5gtwe4UywyBjw4iAzXosA_jXDSTOe7rG3l3dq7EQZ7wvcJgN2XAvSbLqE8SN3aZKi6_sWL4dlzuUXdcFjGVGL7G8mBf0_V9fgTPIh7OqC0DBDU9m2EFiE90HzjBj7d6XdkBJpHShH7JMjoQpdUzJYONPQm0xTfiauaeS1FDXvMuwvH2rFNVOAytqZZDE5LQRYI6421yVNjcY_KVmz6gadYVbN6wyf5EffPM0N60Gu9YXUs92kvU5Juls8YC5ld2I39SGx8CU75JzoHCUdGuWjA.02utN3oSJxFZ6DIFblvu2CUmAPn_hwF10rVNIbs499KeSc6MKM.Y1.xQW5aAnqPWZDEsISU5vxHNkwBxP.IFAkSHnwYOI8oHT6f7dVSXnlNV15zI7iq9La3_YFOSsJDryp3go",mdrd: "1Syj5KLs2ZKaPl7MN_TVEAFd.zR0IWnNX9_cuMc6l2I-1739807166-1.2.1.1-G5ZKiok2ifu5xrYdAmDNYdouy2r2lWVGfJIoEQ7U.Lv87e8nRrmo.YYJ_8aSBdXnjOQ9udThVZYzLk.10P5Och1jYWc_XgCg4AvMyJcKlQqju2GmpmqSb0_bTIj6ArGGb4UNbOAPsCRnX8w3Wh73LMsjNEhzJF6jAPXSjuIEOwEEK91Fqoa.vDzpBlQfyIdxl6nLXzZtLPBnj.mtEP696Px0zJgg_9qUSwfdH_Yeqoxe.LqYbqp0zejF3kfco2QTVtEcPWQkc2rPF8dNwL_G6cSK5DMEcQIrrrbrzE6kOklPCA5ktnc65Z2nlO4BJai3UYODtWyoGjvdmqj0QcJ.BNwCtqU8HdAICq52A0S2YSM8cnV8ZbKNDejEH1EMx.DOpT0sWIrZOCJeUO.PX3_ViK5x.q7ifCy2qv44h1qF6fOrJ3FtlQQc.i3SKsJLlpHS6oF4cyIfDoRb0whLUdeJqFB4w5rbxP0CTxxpAPoJay2zbJPIKsFXv65lP2SHgrJg2yCIlkI_uIZyn8B9wwEjep20lt8aZsqfpNYUtlGt8b2nuD9D6.pOoN4g2wtjgcnNQZmfl_QmLk37STZl8UMZMAjvMEGttPhmaX133H6F37xOEPZAFPbPUF1j1fM_Pg_1aNTRR1f_iaGUt5DEsx8z0F_nFdDUsI3869KoYcIqZD6da4oVzpbFi0PoplvqHkB16Cl.c7S0EXOWvqp0N1OEqI0kcM4NYZZ4ec_kugheFzwDl3WDaTcHRI1zxN6C2qO6bcB4dYSf7QUHky5TgEgjnjD40lND8u2hkVnpRhfDhjYgWg5uhXgpcLD9jLqRLSkOyaM_7BGBWcQzfuxfiRTuMUtJgF3LVbLslx38TWm1E3JDxEB85mqEAMTgBpODgnrH7riSKRRhnT88BrIGDMmUtbfHSnYIhYfxDx5DtTJXYkZEbjoIMbvUpOnIs1A6SnFyW6BzA8UtO9ajuluFM5SbHzK6V5ySROU8jot0sGlhEickHJTmxOS7o2LXNjwyqmSDlvC_bB50jTJw92m_o8EWhp5wCU14X_4YDq8w0yWeFhXAzEqCE6IxIdj9mIVik.DEykOPrvuMq_l_qo19dK0eIzSOJqKKoREn1e6fN6K9qm85cyoypvsxGGUuFmmtUrRHaJEN7DNzAGYJI2DsJiJAk6qOU3C18aPM68S8GYkGyir5gubu1HiOnLGV7KSQw44eozBVNrxu8wStfWJP1j41L5G5_r4_mw9NSNCWA01UJQsDlYjSlRh_.Sf69Pe4zNU9tOZ8JbvFYmY7pYVjwm3g4XEQ95NFgRunSIdInqez02SGY_a2adfBdPz4B6YhoyQmKA47FN7iIcv9E4VVTmzTOel3Sux581Jm.h.onmoP3WP1v3.ewqWIVsoz_RlQF7PcfmP1LD059VD9N4IapCDfed8RbdrIJZNsS6j_E9hyinLOKri7CNY.Jbl3ftC0h.br.9jiCw.Cm81cH64CAtQve_49UuTQcvn0zKI.AX8nPQonKCtBYeInhAhmrmqakmXXm4huiSmn.nHoAu869nQ_FWtTtcEBIPnhmDyVB_Qi.A6AjsiqDYz2kQxW77vGRwrxcEmNDPoxJ5HCatxTQbVNEIU3vA5PM7sO.HZip7V1Z3fVpIqdlV2jQNolKpePYx3ZH56ySv514j9JPz9jhhsOGnbSpxuvcwxocshQxVPDpwcBYV6dp0L.C38lQxsZYSdcEqN66PSieWdQL8qdepu2cmCkeGymnr9zsAtZAyCo6Z32SYv2jZBFyw_Keym23mzJXfps3pv9Xe__z0Je5wJTQMhP37iXb.xKkRveohjONN87Xa2i4sWIv1HtJHxELylZnrzELlVF45HvrhBggSO18CoE8GQzZ3JmTL.wXel52MrXM9ogGmSz0nM6U5s_KMjAszHjndb_gZ7c60gl5cxOc7ZjSNaOhzctPED0C06uyNS7DRL.Rqx.oc5c6mq2LFhD"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136e8899c0a5cd6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Rasha%20Alhendawi&__cf_chl_rt_tk=FKlw7rd6wUld5W7qr43lihKLp6wwnLaoHH7TsC1Ru7I-1739807166-1.0.1.1-Qu1K5L92qAo1OwTwz6F3PWvmJwdQTPQfNN5ko5pN8BE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>