CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pitta - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ec8d27b7-8bd8-4905-b4aa-a6ab4e54c0a3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pitta","wgTitle":"Pitta","wgCurRevisionId":1269415454,"wgRevisionId":1269415454,"wgArticleId":264037,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","CS1 Latin-language sources (la)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Featured articles","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles with hAudio microformats","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pittas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pitta","wgRelevantArticleId":264037, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Pittidae","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Pitta","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q217472","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/1200px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/800px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/640px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pitta - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitta"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitta"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pitta rootpage-Pitta skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pitta" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pitta" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pitta" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pitta" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy_and_systematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy_and_systematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taxonomy and systematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy_and_systematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Behaviour and ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour and ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sociality_and_calls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociality_and_calls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sociality and calls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociality_and_calls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet_and_feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet_and_feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diet and feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet_and_feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relationship with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationship with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Status_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Status and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_of_pitta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_of_pitta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Species of pitta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_of_pitta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cited_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cited texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pitta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitta" title="Pitta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pitta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="غناجيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غناجيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="পিট্টা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিট্টা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="पिट्टा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पिट्टा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Питови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Питови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pites_(ocells)" title="Pites (ocells) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pites (ocells)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitovit%C3%AD" title="Pitovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pitovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittaer" title="Pittaer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pittaer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittas" title="Pittas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pittas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_w%C3%B3naan%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_ay%C3%A1%C3%A1sh_ndaashch%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ ayáásh ndaashchʼąąʼígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ ayáásh ndaashchʼąąʼígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitedoj" title="Pitedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pitedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="پیتا (پرنده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیتا (پرنده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EC%83%89%EC%A1%B0%EA%B3%BC" title="팔색조과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔색조과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="पिट्टा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिट्टा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite" title="Pite – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pite" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paok" title="Paok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pj%C3%A1trur" title="Pjátrur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pjátrur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פיטיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיטיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პიტისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიტისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinabuluu" title="Hinabuluu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hinabuluu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklavu_(Pittidae)" title="Proklavu (Pittidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Proklavu (Pittidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Питта йишвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Питта йишвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitiniai" title="Pitiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pitiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Pittafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pittafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" title="പിറ്റ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിറ്റ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="طيور البيتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طيور البيتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacat_(burung)" title="Pacat (burung) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pacat (burung)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitta%27s" title="Pitta's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pitta's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E7%A7%91" title="ヤイロチョウ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤイロチョウ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittaer" title="Pittaer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pittaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="نورنگا ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نورنگا ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtaczki" title="Kurtaczki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kurtaczki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Питтовые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Питтовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitat" title="Pitat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pitat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juveltrastar" title="Juveltrastar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juveltrastar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7" title="วงศ์นกแต้วแร้ว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์นกแต้วแร้ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Пітові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пітові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_%C4%90u%C3%B4i_c%E1%BB%A5t" title="Họ Đuôi cụt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Đuôi cụt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" title="Pittidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pittidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitta%27s" title="Pitta's – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Pitta's" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%89%B2%E9%B8%AB%E7%A7%91" title="八色鸫科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="八色鸫科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pitta" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pitta" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pitta"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pitta"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pitta" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pitta" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&oldid=1269415454" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pitta&id=1269415454&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPitta"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPitta"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pitta&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217472" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pittidae&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittidae">Pittidae</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of passerine birds</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the bread, see <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pitta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pitta (disambiguation)">Pitta (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Pitta </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/260px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/390px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/520px-Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Hooded_pitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooded pitta">Hooded pitta</a> in southern Thailand </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pittidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyranni" title="Tyranni">Tyranni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurylaimides" title="Eurylaimides">Eurylaimides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pittoidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pittidae</a><br /><small>Authority disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythropitta" title="Erythropitta">Erythropitta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrornis" title="Hydrornis">Hydrornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_(genus)" title="Pitta (genus)">Pitta</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Pittas</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>, <b>Pittidae</b>, of <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> found in Asia, <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> and Africa. There are 44 species of pittas, all similar in general appearance and habits. The pittas are Old World <a href="/wiki/Suboscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Suboscine">suboscines</a>, and their closest relatives among other birds are in the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Smithornis" title="Smithornis">Smithornis</a> </i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Calyptomena" title="Calyptomena">Calyptomena</a></i>. Initially placed in a single genus, as of 2009 they have been split into three genera: <i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_(genus)" title="Pitta (genus)">Pitta</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Erythropitta" title="Erythropitta">Erythropitta</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hydrornis" title="Hydrornis">Hydrornis</a></i>. Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards, at 15 to 25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) in length, and stocky, with strong, longish legs and long feet. They have very short tails and stout, slightly decurved <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">bills</a>. Many have brightly coloured <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a>. </p><p>Most pitta species are <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a>; a few species can be found in <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climates. They are mostly found in forests, but some live in <a href="/wiki/Scrubland" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrubland">scrub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_swamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangrove swamp">mangroves</a>. They are highly terrestrial and mostly solitary, and usually forage on wet forest floors in areas with good ground cover. They eat <a href="/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm">earthworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a> and similar invertebrate prey, as well as small vertebrates. Pittas are monogamous and females lay up to six <a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">eggs</a> in a large domed <a href="/wiki/Bird_nest" title="Bird nest">nest</a> in a tree or <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a>, or sometimes on the ground. Both parents care for the young. Four species of pittas are fully <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a>, and several more are partially so, though their migrations are poorly understood. </p><p>Four species of pitta are listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>; a further nine species are listed as <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">vulnerable</a> and several more are <a href="/wiki/Near-threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-threatened">near-threatened</a>. The main threat to pittas is habitat loss in the form of rapid <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, but they are also targeted by the <a href="/wiki/Cage-bird_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cage-bird trade">cage-bird trade</a>. They are popular with birdwatchers because of their bright plumage and the difficulty in seeing them. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_systematics">Taxonomy and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stout dull coloured bird hunched over mossy rock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/220px-Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/330px-Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/440px-Pitta_oatesi_female_-_Mae_Wong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3539" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rusty-naped_pitta" title="Rusty-naped pitta">rusty-naped pitta</a> was once placed in the genus <i>Pitta</i> but is now in <i>Hydrornis</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first pitta to be described scientifically was the <a href="/wiki/Indian_pitta" title="Indian pitta">Indian pitta</a>, which was described and illustrated by <a href="/wiki/George_Edwards_(naturalist)" title="George Edwards (naturalist)">George Edwards</a> in 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> included the species in his revised <a href="/wiki/12th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="12th edition of Systema Naturae">12th edition</a> (1766–1768) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i> based on Edwards' descriptions and illustrations as well as other accounts, placing it with the <a href="/wiki/Corvidae" title="Corvidae">Corvidae</a> as <i>Corvus brachyurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten years later <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_M%C3%BCller" title="Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller">Statius Müller</a> moved it and three other pittas to the thrush family <a href="/wiki/Turdidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Turdidae">Turdidae</a> and the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Turdus" title="Turdus">Turdus</a></i>, due to similarities of morphology and behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814,_132_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814,_132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1816 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Vieillot" title="Louis Pierre Vieillot">Louis Pierre Vieillot</a> moved it to the new genus <i>Pitta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is derived from the word <i>pitta</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu language</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> meaning "small bird".<sup id="cite_ref-whistler_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whistler-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family's closest relatives have for a long time been assumed to be the other <a href="/wiki/Suboscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Suboscine">suboscine</a> birds (suborder <a href="/wiki/Tyranni" title="Tyranni">Tyranni</a>), and particularly the Old World suboscines; the <a href="/wiki/Eurylaimidae" title="Eurylaimidae">broadbills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asity" title="Asity">asities</a> and the New World <a href="/wiki/Sapayoa" title="Sapayoa">sapayoa</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a> relatives were formerly treated as two families, and are now either combined into a single taxon or split into four. A 2006 study confirmed that these were indeed the closest relatives of the pittas.<sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> they form, the <a href="/wiki/Eurylaimides" title="Eurylaimides">Eurylaimides</a>, is one of the two infraorders of suboscines, which is one of three suborders of the <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> birds. With regards to their relationship within the Eurylaimides, another 2006 study placed the pittas as a sister clade to two clades of broadbills and asities. This same study postulated an Asian origin for the Eurylaimides and therefore the pittas.<sup id="cite_ref-Moyle_2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moyle_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%; line-height:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittidae">Pittidae</a> (pittas) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Calyptomenidae" title="Calyptomenidae">Calyptomenidae</a> (green and African broadbills) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurylaimidae" title="Eurylaimidae">Eurylaimidae</a> (broadbills) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Philepittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Philepittidae">Philepittidae</a> (asities) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sapayoidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapayoidae">Sapayoidae</a> (sapayoa) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Phylogeny of the Eurylaimides, showing the relationship of the pittas (Pittidae), based on Selvatti <i>et al</i>, 2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two DNA studies, from 2015 and 2016, came to a different conclusion, finding that the Eurylaimides were divided into two clades and that the pittas formed a clade with the broadbills of the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Smithornis" title="Smithornis">Smithornis</a> </i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Calyptomena" title="Calyptomena">Calyptomena</a></i>, with the remaining broadbills and asities in the other clade.<sup id="cite_ref-Prum_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Selvatti_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selvatti-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 study also disputed the earlier claims about the origin of the group, and concluded that the most likely ancestral home of the pittas and the Eurylaimides was Africa (the sapayoa having diverged before the core clades had reached Africa). The study found that the pittas diverged from the <i>Smithornis</i> and <i>Calyptomena</i> broadbills 24 to 30 million years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>. The pittas diverged and spread through Asia before the <a href="/wiki/Oscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscine">oscines</a> (suborder Passeri) reached the Old World from Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Selvatti_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selvatti-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of pitta genera has varied considerably since Vieillot, ranging from one to as many as nine. In his 1863 work <i>A Monograph of the Pittidae</i>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Giraud_Elliot" title="Daniel Giraud Elliot">Daniel Elliot</a> split the pittas into two genera, <i>Pitta</i> for the species with comparatively long tails and (the now abandoned) <i>Brachyurus</i> for the shorter-tailed species. Barely two decades later, in 1880/81, <a href="/wiki/John_Gould" title="John Gould">John Gould</a> split the family into nine genera, in which he also included the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_melampitta" title="Lesser melampitta">lesser melampitta</a> (in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Melampitta" title="Melampitta">Melampitta</a></i>) of New Guinea, where it was kept until 1931 when <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> demonstrated that it had the <a href="/wiki/Syrinx_(bird_anatomy)" title="Syrinx (bird anatomy)">syrinx</a> of an oscine bird.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Philip Sclater</a>'s <i>Catalogue of the Birds of the British Museum</i> (1888) brought the number back down to four – <i>Anthocincla</i>, <i>Pitta</i>, <i>Eucichla</i>, and <i>Coracopitta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elliot's 1895 <i>Monograph of the Pittidae</i> included three genera split into subgenera <i>Anthocincla</i>, <i>Pitta</i> (subgenera <i>Calopitta</i>, <i>Leucopitta</i>, <i>Gigantipitta</i>, <i>Hydrornis</i>, <i>Coloburis</i>, <i>Cervinipitta</i>, <i>Purpureipitta</i>, <i>Phaenicocichla</i>, <i>Monilipitta</i>, <i>Erythropitta</i>, <i>Cyanopitta</i>, <i>Galeripitta</i>, <i>Pulchripitta</i>, <i>Iridipitta</i>), and <i>Eucichla</i> (subgenera <i>Ornatipitta</i>, <i>Insignipitta</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%; line-height:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_(genus)" title="Pitta (genus)">Pitta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Erythropitta" title="Erythropitta">Erythropitta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrornis" title="Hydrornis">Hydrornis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Phylogeny of the family Pittidae, based on Selvatti <i>et al</i>, 2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Modern treatments of taxa within the family vary as well. A 1975 checklist included six genera, whereas the 2003 volume of the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World">Handbook of the Birds of the World</a></i>, which covered the family, placed all the pittas in a single genus.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_book_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW_book-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in 1998, Johannes Erritzoe stated that most contemporary authors considered the family to contain a single genus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 2006 the family was not well studied using modern anatomical or phylogenetic techniques; two studies, in 1987 and 1990, each used only four species, and comparisons amongst the family as a whole had relied mostly on external features and appearances.<sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stout bird with bright yellow stripe on head and blue breast stands on mossy rock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/220px-Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/330px-Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg/440px-Hydrornis_irena_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4092" data-file-height="2728" /></a><figcaption>In 2010 the banded pitta was split into three species, making this male a <a href="/wiki/Malayan_banded_pitta" title="Malayan banded pitta">Malayan banded pitta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A 2006 study of the nuclear <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> of the pittas was the first to examine most representatives of the family, and found evidence of three major clades of pitta. Based on the study the pittas were split into three genera. The first clade, using the genus name <i>Erythropitta</i>, included six species that had previously been considered closely related based on external features. They are all generally small species with small tails, extensive amounts of crimson or red on the underparts, and greenish or blueish backs.<sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second genus, <i>Hydrornis</i>, includes variable Asian species. These species are unified morphologically in exhibiting <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> in their plumage, as well as in possessing cryptic juvenile plumage (in all the species thus-far studied). This genus includes the <a href="/wiki/Eared_pitta" title="Eared pitta">eared pitta</a>, which had often been placed into its own genus, <i>Anthocincla</i>, on account of its apparently primitive characteristics. The third genus, <i>Pitta</i>, is the most widespread. Most species in this genus have green upperparts with a blue wing-patch, dark upperparts and cinnamon-buff underparts. This clade contains all the migratory pitta species, and it is thought that many of the pitta species from islands are derived from migratory species.<sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This division of the pittas into three genera has been adopted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Ornithological_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="International Ornithological Congress">International Ornithological Congress</a>' (IOC) <i><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World:_Recommended_English_Names" title="Birds of the World: Recommended English Names">Birds of the World: Recommended English Names</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World'</i>s HBW Alive checklist, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (which follows the HBW Alive checklist).<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with genera, there has been considerable variation in the number of accepted pitta species. The checklists of Sclater and Elliot at the end of the 19th century contained 48 and 47 species respectively. More recent checklists have had fewer than this, one from 1975 listing just 24 species. Since the 1990s, the figure has been between 30 and 32 species; the 2003 <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World</i> recognised 30. One species not recognised by the handbook is the <a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_pitta" title="Black-crowned pitta">black-crowned pitta</a>, which it treated as a <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of either the <a href="/wiki/Garnet_pitta" title="Garnet pitta">garnet pitta</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Graceful_pitta" title="Graceful pitta">graceful pitta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the publication of the handbook, further splits to pitta species have been made; in 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Banded_pittas" class="mw-redirect" title="Banded pittas">banded pitta</a> was split into three species, one <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to Java and Bali, one endemic to Borneo and one found in Sumatra and the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Thai-Malay Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rheindt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rheindt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2013 study found that the <a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_pitta" title="Red-bellied pitta">red-bellied pitta</a>, a widespread species found from Sulawesi to Australia, was actually a <a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">species complex</a>. The study divided it into 17 new species;<sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_2013_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt_2013-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some authorities have recognised fewer, for example the IOC have recognised only 10.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="blue bird with yellow, orange and black head stands on leafy forest floor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg/220px-Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg/330px-Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg/440px-Pitta_cyanea_1_-_Khao_Yai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2674" data-file-height="1783" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_pitta" title="Blue pitta">blue pitta</a> is sexually dimorphic, the bright plumage of this bird means it is a male</figcaption></figure> <p>The pittas are small to medium-sized passerines, ranging in size from the <a href="/wiki/Blue-banded_pitta" title="Blue-banded pitta">blue-banded pitta</a> at 15 cm (5.9 in) to the <a href="/wiki/Giant_pitta" title="Giant pitta">giant pitta</a>, which can be up to 29 cm (11 in) in length. In weight they range from 42 to 210 g (1.5–7.4 oz). Pittas are stout-bodied birds with long, strong <a href="/wiki/Tibiotarsus" title="Tibiotarsus">tarsi</a> (lower leg bones) and long feet. The colour of the legs and feet can vary dramatically even within a species. This may be a characteristic used by females in judging the quality of a prospective mate. The wings have ten <a href="/wiki/Flight_feather" title="Flight feather">primaries</a> that are generally rounded and short; those of the four migratory species are more pointed. There are nine secondaries with the tenth being <a href="/wiki/Vestigiality" title="Vestigiality">vestigial</a>. Anatomically, pittas have large <a href="/wiki/Temporal_fossa" title="Temporal fossa">temporal fossae</a> in the skull unlike typical perching birds.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Syrinx_(bird_anatomy)" title="Syrinx (bird anatomy)">syrinx</a> is tracheo-bronchial and lacks a pessulus or intrinsic muscles.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pittas are behaviourally reluctant to <a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">fly</a>, but are capable and even strong fliers. The tails range from being short to very short, and are composed of twelve feathers.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike most other forest-floor bird species, the <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> of pittas is often bright and colourful. Only one species, the eared pitta, has entirely cryptic colours in the adults of both sexes. In the same genus, <i>Hydrornis</i>, are three further species with drabber than average plumage, the <a href="/wiki/Blue-naped_pitta" title="Blue-naped pitta">blue-naped pitta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-rumped_pitta" title="Blue-rumped pitta">blue-rumped pitta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rusty-naped_pitta" title="Rusty-naped pitta">rusty-naped pitta</a>. Like the other <i>Hydrornis</i> pittas they are sexually dimorphic in their plumage, the females tending towards being drabber and more cryptic than the males. In general the sexes in the family tend to be very similar if not identical. Across most of the family the brighter colours tend to be on the undersides, with patches or areas of bright colours on the rump, wings and uppertail coverts being concealable. Being able to conceal bright colours from above is important as most predators approach from above; four species have brighter upperparts.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pittas are generally birds of tropical forests, semi-forests and scrub. Most species need forests with much cover, a rich understory, and leaf litter for feeding, and they are often found near waterways as well. Some species inhabit swamps and bamboo forests,<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_pitta" title="Mangrove pitta">mangrove pitta</a>, as its name suggests, is a <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> specialist.<sup id="cite_ref-singapore_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singapore-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several species are lowland forest specialists. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_pitta" title="Rainbow pitta">rainbow pitta</a> is not found above 400 m (1,300 ft). Other species may occur at much higher elevations, including, for example, the rusty-naped pitta, which has been found up to 2,600 m (8,500 ft). The altitudinal preferences varies in the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_pitta" title="Fairy pitta">fairy pitta</a> across its range, it can be found up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> but stays at lower altitudes in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as natural habitats, pittas may use human-altered spaces. For example, migrating <a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_pitta" title="Blue-winged pitta">blue-winged pittas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hooded_pitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooded pitta">hooded pittas</a> use parks and urban gardens in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-singapore_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singapore-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairy_Pitta_3952,_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White bird with red belly stands in dried river bed with smooth boulders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg/220px-Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg/330px-Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg/440px-Fairy_Pitta_3952%2C_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fairy_pitta" title="Fairy pitta">fairy pitta</a> migrates from Korea, Japan, Taiwan and coastal China to Borneo</figcaption></figure> <p>The greatest diversity of pittas is found in South-east Asia. Of the three genera, the large genus <i>Pitta</i> is the most widespread. The two species found in Africa, the <a href="/wiki/African_pitta" title="African pitta">African pitta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green-breasted_pitta" title="Green-breasted pitta">green-breasted pitta</a>, are from this clade, as is the most northerly species (the fairy pitta) and the most southerly (the noisy pitta, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_versicolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitta versicolor">Pitta versicolor</a></i>). The most remote insular endemics are in this group as well, including the <a href="/wiki/Black-faced_pitta" title="Black-faced pitta">black-faced pitta</a>, which is endemic to the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. The pittas of the clade <i>Erythropitta</i> are mostly found in Asia. with one species, the <a href="/wiki/Papuan_pitta" title="Papuan pitta">Papuan pitta</a>, reaching the north of Australia. The <i>Hydrornis</i> pittas are exclusively Asian.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irestedt_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pittas have large distributions, like the hooded pitta, which ranges from Nepal to New Guinea, while others have much smaller ones, like the <a href="/wiki/Superb_pitta" title="Superb pitta">superb pitta</a>, which is endemic to the tiny island of <a href="/wiki/Manus_Island" title="Manus Island">Manus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-superb_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superb-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movements of pittas are poorly known and notoriously difficult to study.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199821_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199821-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">Bird ringing</a> studies have not shed much light on this. One study in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> ringed 2000 red-bellied pittas but only recaptured ten birds, and only one of these recaptures was more than two months after the initial capture. Only four species of pitta are fully or mostly <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a>, all in the genus <i>Pitta</i>: the Indian pitta, the African pitta, the fairy pitta and the blue-winged pitta. As well as these four, the northern subspecies of the hooded pitta is a full migrant. Other species make smaller or more local, and poorly understood, movements across small parts of their range,<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the noisy pitta of Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noisy_pitta-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The migration of pittas is apparently nocturnal, and pittas migrate in small loose flocks that use the same resting and foraging sites each year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Behaviour and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sociality_and_calls">Sociality and calls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sociality and calls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg/220px-Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg/330px-Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg/440px-Pitta_moluccensis_-_Kaeng_Krachan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3653" data-file-height="2435" /></a><figcaption>Blue-winged pitta (Pitta moluccensis), Kaeng Krachan, Thailand</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_winged_pitta_-_Pitta_moluccensis.ogg" title="File:Blue winged pitta - Pitta moluccensis.ogg"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The call of the blue-winged pitta</div></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Blue_winged_pitta_-_Pitta_moluccensis.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Blue_winged_pitta_-_Pitta_moluccensis.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Blue_winged_pitta_-_Pitta_moluccensis.ogg/Blue_winged_pitta_-_Pitta_moluccensis.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Recorded in Phuket, Thailand</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Pittas are <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a>, requiring light to find their often cryptic prey. They are nevertheless often found in darker areas and are highly secretive, though they will respond to imitations of their calls. They are generally found as single birds, even young birds not associating with their parents unless they are being fed. The only exception to their solitary lifestyle is small groups that have been observed forming during migration.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pittas are strongly <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territorial</a>, with territories varying in size from 3,000 m<sup>2</sup> (32,000 sq ft) in the African pitta to 10,000 m<sup>2</sup> (110,000 sq ft) in the rainbow pitta. They have also been found to be highly aggressive in captivity, attacking other species and even their own; such behaviour has not been observed in the wild.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pittas will perform territory-defence displays on the edges of their territories; fights between rivals have only been recorded once. One such territorial display is given by the rainbow pitta, which holds its legs straight and bows to a rival on the edge of its territory, while making a purring call. Displays like this are paired with calls made out of sight of potential rivals;<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_1995_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman_1995-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these territorial calls are frequent and can account for up to 12% of a bird's daylight activity.<sup id="cite_ref-HANZAB_Rainbow_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HANZAB_Rainbow-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migratory species will defend non-breeding feeding territories as well as their breeding ones.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">vocalisations</a> of pittas are best described as calls, as they are generally short, mono or disyllabic, and often fluting or whirring. They are made by both sexes and throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One species, the black-and-crimson pitta, was also described making a mechanical noise (sonation) in 2013. The sonation, a clapping sound, was made in flight and is hypothesised to be made by the wings.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_feeding">Diet and feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diet and feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small collection of broken snail shells next to large root on leafy forest floor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg/170px-Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg/255px-Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg/340px-Noisy_Pitta_anvil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The anvil of a <a href="/wiki/Noisy_pitta" title="Noisy pitta">noisy pitta</a>, used to smash snails against to remove the shells</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm">Earthworms</a> form the major part of the diet of pittas, followed by snails. Earthworms can become seasonally unavailable in dry conditions when the worms move deeper into the soil, and pittas also take a wide range of other invertebrate prey, including many insects groups such as <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">true bugs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">lepidopterans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_crab" title="Freshwater crab">Freshwater crabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centipede" title="Centipede">centipedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millipede" title="Millipede">millipedes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spiders</a> are also taken.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species, such as the fairy pitta and rainbow pitta, have been recorded feeding on small vertebrate prey. This including <a href="/wiki/Skink" title="Skink">skinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Snakes">snakes</a> and, in the case of the fairy pitta, <a href="/wiki/Shrew" title="Shrew">shrews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fairybreed_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairybreed-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also records of some pittas taking plant food, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Carpentaria" title="Carpentaria">Carpentaria</a></i> palm fruits or <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pittas feed in a <a href="/wiki/True_thrush" class="mw-redirect" title="True thrush">thrush-like</a> fashion, moving aside leaves with a sweeping motion of the <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">bill</a>. They have also been observed to probe the moist soil with their bills to locate earthworms. They have a keen sense of smell, and it has been suggested that they are able to locate earthworms this way. This suggestion was supported by a study which found that the Indian pitta has the largest <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a> of 25 passerines examined.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bang_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bang-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight species have been recorded using stones as anvils on which to smash open snails to eat,<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the rainbow pitta has been observed using the root of a tree to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most birds, pittas are <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> breeders, and defend breeding territories. Most species are seasonal breeders, timing their breeding to occur at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Rainy_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainy season">rainy season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noisy_pitta-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception to this is the superb pitta, which breeds almost year-round, as the island of Manus on which it breeds remains wet all year. The courtship behaviours of the family are poorly known, but the elaborate dance of the African pitta includes jumping into the air with a puffed-out breast and parachuting back down to the perch.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_(16925037065).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The head of a bird is visible in an opening of a domed nest constructed of leaves and twigs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg/220px-Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg/330px-Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg/440px-Green-breasted_Pitta_at_nest_-_Kibale_Uganda_06_4667_%2816925037065%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>An incubating <a href="/wiki/Green-breasted_pitta" title="Green-breasted pitta">green-breasted pitta</a> in its domed nest</figcaption></figure> <p>Pittas build a rudimentary <a href="/wiki/Bird_nest" title="Bird nest">nest</a> that is a dome with a side entrance. The structure of the nest is consistent across the whole family. The nest is as large as a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> ball, and is usually well-camouflaged amongst vines or vegetation of some kind. The nest's appearance is also difficult to distinguish from a heap of leaves pushed together by the wind;<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a few species create a "doormat" of sticks (sometimes decorated with mammal dung<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_2004_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman_2004-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) by the entrance. The nests can either be placed on the ground or in trees. Some species always nest in trees, like both African species, others nest only on the ground, and others show considerable variation. Both sexes help to build the nest, but the male does most of the work. It takes around two to eight days to build a new nest; this probably varies depending on the experience of the birds involved. A new nest is constructed for each nesting attempt,<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and work on building a nest for a second brood may start while the chicks from the first brood are still being fed.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Avian_clutch_size" title="Avian clutch size">clutch size</a> varies by species. Typically three to five eggs are laid, but two is typical for the garnet pitta, whereas six is more common for the blue-winged pitta and the Indian pitta.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that species with higher levels of predation tend to have smaller clutches, as smaller clutches involve fewer provisioning trips that might alert a predator to the presence of a nest, and smaller clutches are easier to replace if lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clutch size may vary within a species depending on latitude. A study of noisy pittas found that birds in the tropics had smaller clutch sizes than those in more temperate environments.<sup id="cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noisy_pitta-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eggs of pittas are slightly pointed at one end, and generally smooth (the deeply pitted eggs of the superb pitta being the exception to this). The size of eggs varies by species, smaller-sized species laying smaller eggs. There is also some variation in egg size within a species in species with large ranges. For example, the eggs of noisy pittas are smaller closer to the tropics.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eggs are typically white or creamy, and usually slightly glossy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199826_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199826-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_pitta_(Pitta_brachyura)_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A buff and green bird stands on a branch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg/220px-Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg/330px-Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg/440px-Indian_pitta_%28Pitta_brachyura%29_Photograph_by_Shantanu_Kuveskar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_pitta" title="Indian pitta">Indian pitta</a> has a clutch size of six or more eggs</figcaption></figure> <p>Both parents <a href="/wiki/Avian_incubation" class="mw-redirect" title="Avian incubation">incubate</a> the clutch, the period between laying and hatching being between 14 and 18 days (14 to 16 being more typical). The chicks usually hatch asynchronously, over several days, but in some species the hatching is synchronous. On hatching the <a href="/wiki/Gurney%27s_pitta" title="Gurney's pitta">Gurney's pitta</a> parents are reported to consume the eggshells. This behaviour ensures that the calcium used to create the eggs is not lost. It is unknown if other species do this, but it is a common behaviour among birds. As with the incubation, both parents are involved in rearing the chicks. The chicks of pittas are entirely <a href="/wiki/Altricial" class="mw-redirect" title="Altricial">altricial</a>, hatching both naked and blind, and dependent upon their parents for warmth, food and nest sanitation. Young chicks are brooded continuously, the female brooding alone in some species and sharing responsibilities with the male in others.<sup id="cite_ref-Gulson-Castillo_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gulson-Castillo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The males and females make regular feeding trips to the chicks;<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one study of Gurney's pittas found a pair made 2300 feeding visits to the nest, traveling an estimated 460 km (290 mi) over the nestling stage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199827_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199827-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earthworms are important food items for many species, and the dominant item in the nestling diet of some. 73% of the parental visits of fairy pittas, 63% of rainbow pitta's, up to 79% of Gurney's pitta's visits involved bringing earthworms. Parents can and do carry more than one item in their bills during visits; in a study of breeding fairy pittas, as many as six items were observed being brought in a single visit; less than four was more typical.<sup id="cite_ref-fairybreed_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairybreed-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the chicks are small, prey may be broken up before being fed to the chicks,<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and larger prey items like skinks and snakes are only fed to chicks who are old enough to manage them.<sup id="cite_ref-fairybreed_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairybreed-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship with humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brilliant plumage of many pittas has resulted in considerable interest in pittas from people living within their range, scientists, <a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">aviculturists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird_watching" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird watching">birdwatchers</a>, and has led to the colloquial name jewel-thrushes. Such is their attractiveness that, in Borneo, even the body of a dead pitta can be a favoured toy for local children. They have proven difficult to maintain and breed in captivity, requiring large amounts of space, humidity and sufficient vegetation of the right kind.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pittas are a very popular group of birds with birdwatchers, due to the dazzling plumage of many species and the relative difficulty of seeing these retiring birds in dark forests.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their desirability as birdwatching targets was the subject of the book <i>The Jewel Hunter</i> (2013), in which the writer Chris Goodie recounted his attempt to see every species of pitta.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_and_conservation">Status and conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Status and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration of two birds with different plumage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg/220px-Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg/330px-Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg/440px-Pitta_baudii_koron%C3%A1s_pitta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue-headed_pitta" title="Blue-headed pitta">Blue-headed pittas</a> (male left, female right) are threatened by rapid <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Borneo" title="Deforestation in Borneo">deforestation in Borneo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pittas are generally forest birds and, as such, are vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a> caused by rapid deforestation.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_16-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also be difficult birds to survey and are easily overlooked.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurney_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurney-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four species are assessed to be <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a>, and a further nine are listed as <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">vulnerable</a> by the IUCN. Eight species are listed as <a href="/wiki/Near-threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-threatened">near-threatened</a>, and one, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiade_pitta" title="Louisiade pitta">Louisiade pitta</a>, is too poorly known to be assessed and is listed as <a href="/wiki/Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">data deficient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gurney's pitta was not seen for 34 years between 1952 and 1986, before a small population was discovered in southern Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This small population declined after its rediscovery, and, by 2000, it had reached a low of 10 pairs, and was listed as <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a>. In 2003, the species was found in Burma for the first time since 1914, and in large numbers, between nine and thirty five thousand pairs. The species was considerably less threatened than thought, but it is still of considerable conservation concern, as deforestation of the habitat in Burma continues.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurney_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurney-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rapid rate of deforestation in Borneo has pushed the <a href="/wiki/Blue-headed_pitta" title="Blue-headed pitta">blue-headed pitta</a>, considered common and secure as recently as 1996, into the list of species considered vulnerable.<sup id="cite_ref-Bluehead_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bluehead-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pittas have been targeted by poachers for the illegal <a href="/wiki/Wild-bird_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild-bird trade">wild-bird trade</a>. They are not targeted because of their song, as many songbirds are, and may simply be captured as bycatch from collecting other species, and because of their attractive plumage. According to some trappers, they also may end up being eaten for food.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Manus, locals report that predation by snakes, including the <a href="/wiki/Brown_tree_snake" title="Brown tree snake">brown tree snake</a>, is responsible for the rarity of the endangered superb pitta,<sup id="cite_ref-Dutson_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutson-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the snake, the introduction of which is responsible for several extinctions of island birds across the Pacific, is native to the island, and is therefore likely a natural threat.<sup id="cite_ref-superb_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superb-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species_of_pitta">Species of pitta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Species of pitta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 44 species of pitta in three genera according to the International Ornithological Congress' (IOC) <i>Birds of the World: Recommended English Names</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Genus</th> <th>Living species </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/175px-Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/263px-Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg/350px-Pitta_oatesi_male_-_Mae_Wong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4212" data-file-height="2808" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrornis" title="Hydrornis">Hydrornis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Blyth, 1843</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eared_pitta" title="Eared pitta">Eared pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis phayrei</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-naped_pitta" title="Blue-naped pitta">Blue-naped pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis nipalensis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-rumped_pitta" title="Blue-rumped pitta">Blue-rumped pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis soror</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-naped_pitta" title="Rusty-naped pitta">Rusty-naped pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis oatesi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider%27s_pitta" title="Schneider's pitta">Schneider's pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis schneideri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_pitta" title="Giant pitta">Giant pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis caerulea</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-headed_pitta" title="Blue-headed pitta">Blue-headed pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis baudii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_pitta" title="Blue pitta">Blue pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis cyanea</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-bellied_pitta" title="Bar-bellied pitta">Bar-bellied pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis elliotii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_banded_pitta" title="Javan banded pitta">Javan banded pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis guajana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_banded_pitta" title="Malayan banded pitta">Malayan banded pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis irena</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_banded_pitta" title="Bornean banded pitta">Bornean banded pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis schwaneri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurney%27s_pitta" title="Gurney's pitta">Gurney's pitta</a>, <i>Hydrornis gurneyi</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black-crowned_Pitta_(Erythropitta_ussheri).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg/175px-Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg/263px-Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg/350px-Black-crowned_Pitta_%28Erythropitta_ussheri%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="1394" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Erythropitta" title="Erythropitta">Erythropitta</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Bonaparte, 1854</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whiskered_pitta" title="Whiskered pitta">Whiskered pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta kochi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_pitta" title="Philippine pitta">Philippine pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta erythrogaster</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_pitta" title="Sula pitta">Sula pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta dohertyi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_pitta" title="Sulawesi pitta">Sulawesi pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta celebensis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siau_pitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Siau pitta">Siau pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta palliceps</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangihe_pitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangihe pitta">Sangihe pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta caeruleitorques</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Moluccan_pitta" title="South Moluccan pitta">South Moluccan pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta rubrinucha</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_pitta" title="North Moluccan pitta">North Moluccan pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta rufiventris</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiade_pitta" title="Louisiade pitta">Louisiade pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta meeki</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_pitta" title="Bismarck pitta">Bismarck pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta novaehibernicae</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_pitta" title="Papuan pitta">Papuan pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta macklotii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-banded_pitta" title="Blue-banded pitta">Blue-banded pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta arcuata</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_pitta" title="Garnet pitta">Garnet pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta granatina</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_pitta" title="Black-crowned pitta">Black-crowned pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta ussheri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graceful_pitta" title="Graceful pitta">Graceful pitta</a>, <i>Erythropitta venusta</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg/175px-Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg/263px-Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg/350px-Pitta_megarhyncha_1_-_Singapore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_(genus)" title="Pitta (genus)">Pitta</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Vieillot, 1816</span></td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_pitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooded pitta">Hooded pitta</a>, <i>Pitta sordida</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory-breasted_pitta" title="Ivory-breasted pitta">Ivory-breasted pitta</a>, <i>Pitta maxima</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superb_pitta" title="Superb pitta">Superb pitta</a>, <i>Pitta superba</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure-breasted_pitta" title="Azure-breasted pitta">Azure-breasted pitta</a>, <i>Pitta steerii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_pitta" title="African pitta">African pitta</a>, <i>Pitta angolensis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-breasted_pitta" title="Green-breasted pitta">Green-breasted pitta</a>, <i>Pitta reichenowi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pitta" title="Indian pitta">Indian pitta</a>, <i>Pitta brachyura</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_pitta" title="Fairy pitta">Fairy pitta</a>, <i>Pitta nympha</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_pitta" title="Blue-winged pitta">Blue-winged pitta</a>, <i>Pitta moluccensis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove_pitta" title="Mangrove pitta">Mangrove pitta</a>, <i>Pitta megarhyncha</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornate_pitta" title="Ornate pitta">Ornate pitta</a>, <i>Pitta concinna</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegant_pitta" title="Elegant pitta">Elegant pitta</a>, <i>Pitta elegans</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea_pitta" title="Banda Sea pitta">Banda Sea pitta</a>, <i>Pitta vigorsii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisy_pitta" title="Noisy pitta">Noisy pitta</a>, <i>Pitta versicolor</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-faced_pitta" title="Black-faced pitta">Black-faced pitta</a>, <i>Pitta anerythra</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_pitta" title="Rainbow pitta">Rainbow pitta</a>, <i>Pitta iris</i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Bock credited <a href="/wiki/William_Swainson" title="William Swainson">William Swainson</a>, 1831 as the authority for the family name Pittidae.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assignment has been disputed by <a href="/wiki/Storrs_L._Olson" title="Storrs L. Olson">Storrs Olson</a> on the grounds that Swainson merely used the word <i>Pittae</i> as the plural of the genus name <i>Pitta</i> to denote the species placed in this genus, without an intention to introduce a suprageneric name.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Edwin_Strickland" title="Hugh Edwin Strickland">Hugh Edwin Strickland</a> used "Pittinae" for pittas, treated as a subfamily of the <a href="/wiki/Turdidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Turdidae">Turdidae</a> or thrush family, in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBock1994" class="citation book cs1">Bock, Walter J. (1994). <i>History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names</i>. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 147, 262. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F830">2246/830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Nomenclature+of+Avian+Family-Group+Names&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Bulletin+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=147%2C+262&rft.pub=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2246%2F830&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Storrs_L._Olson" title="Storrs L. Olson">Olson, Storrs L.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v112n02/p0524-p0546.pdf">"Reviewed Work: History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Volume 222 by W.J. Bock"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Auk</i>. <b>112</b> (2): 539–546 [544]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4088759">10.2307/4088759</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088759">4088759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+History+and+Nomenclature+of+Avian+Family-Group+Names.+Bulletin+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History%2C+Volume+222+by+W.J.+Bock&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=539-546+544&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4088759&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4088759%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Storrs+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjournals%2Fauk%2Fv112n02%2Fp0524-p0546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrickland1844" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Edwin_Strickland" title="Hugh Edwin Strickland">Strickland, Hugh E.</a> (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22068343">"Description of several new and imperfectly-defined genera and species of birds"</a>. <i>Annals and Magazine of Natural History</i>. <b>13</b>: 409–421 [410]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03745484409442625">10.1080/03745484409442625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+and+Magazine+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Description+of+several+new+and+imperfectly-defined+genera+and+species+of+birds.&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=409-421+410&rft.date=1844&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03745484409442625&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Hugh+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F22068343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1764" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, George (1764). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50176497"><i>Gleanings of Natural History, Exhibiting Figures of Quadrupeds, Birds, Insects, Plants &c</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: Printed for the author. p. 242, Plate 324.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gleanings+of+Natural+History%2C+Exhibiting+Figures+of+Quadrupeds%2C+Birds%2C+Insects%2C+Plants+%26c&rft.place=London&rft.pages=242%2C+Plate+324&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+author&rft.date=1764&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F50176497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1766" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carl</a> (1766). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946354"><i>Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+naturae+%3A+per+regna+tria+natura%2C+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.place=Holmiae+%28Stockholm%29&rft.pages=158&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1766&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F42946354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814,_132-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814,_132_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, pp. 14, 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVieillot1816" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Vieillot" title="Louis Pierre Vieillot">Vieillot, Louis Pierre</a> (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9745205x/f48.image"><i>Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire</i></a> (in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42, Num. 137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analyse+d%27une+Nouvelle+Ornithologie+%C3%89l%C3%A9mentaire&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=42%2C+Num.+137&rft.pub=Deterville%2Fself&rft.date=1816&rft.aulast=Vieillot&rft.aufirst=Louis+Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k9745205x%2Ff48.image&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whistler-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whistler_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhistler,_H.1949" class="citation book cs1">Whistler, H. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popularhandbooko033226mbp"><i>Popular Handbook of Indian Birds</i></a> (4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popularhandbooko033226mbp/page/n322">275</a>–277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Handbook+of+Indian+Birds&rft.pages=275-277&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Gurney+and+Jackson&rft.date=1949&rft.au=Whistler%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopularhandbooko033226mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irestedt-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrestedt,_M.Ohlson,_J.I.Zuccon,_D.Källersjö,_M.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Irestedt, M.; Ohlson, J.I.; Zuccon, D.; Källersjö, M. & Ericson, P.G.P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223013814/https://www.nrm.se/download/18.72ab64ef10e51a5c8f4800047/Irestedt+et+al+OW+suboscines.pdf">"Nuclear DNA from old collections of avian study skins reveals the evolutionary history of the Old World suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zoologica Scripta</i>. <b>35</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">567–</span>580. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6409.2006.00249.x">10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00249.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84788609">84788609</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.se/download/18.72ab64ef10e51a5c8f4800047/Irestedt+et+al+OW+suboscines.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoologica+Scripta&rft.atitle=Nuclear+DNA+from+old+collections+of+avian+study+skins+reveals+the+evolutionary+history+of+the+Old+World+suboscines+%28Aves%3A+Passeriformes%29&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E567-%3C%2Fspan%3E580&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1463-6409.2006.00249.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84788609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Irestedt%2C+M.&rft.au=Ohlson%2C+J.I.&rft.au=Zuccon%2C+D.&rft.au=K%C3%A4llersj%C3%B6%2C+M.&rft.au=Ericson%2C+P.G.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.se%2Fdownload%2F18.72ab64ef10e51a5c8f4800047%2FIrestedt%2Bet%2Bal%2BOW%2Bsuboscines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moyle_2006-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moyle_2006_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyleChesserPrumSchikler2006" class="citation journal cs1">Moyle, Robert G.; Chesser, R Terry; Prum, Richard O.; Schikler, Peter; Cracraft, Joel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5822/N3544.pdf?sequence=1">"Phylogeny and evolutionary history of Old World suboscine birds (Aves: Eurylaimides)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Museum Novitates</i> (3544): 1. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.7073">10.1.1.331.7073</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1206%2F0003-0082%282006%293544%5B1%3APAEHOO%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3544[1:PAEHOO]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F5822">2246/5822</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15871486">15871486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Museum+Novitates&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+evolutionary+history+of+Old+World+suboscine+birds+%28Aves%3A+Eurylaimides%29&rft.issue=3544&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2246%2F5822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15871486%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.331.7073%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1206%2F0003-0082%282006%293544%5B1%3APAEHOO%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Moyle&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft.au=Chesser%2C+R+Terry&rft.au=Prum%2C+Richard+O.&rft.au=Schikler%2C+Peter&rft.au=Cracraft%2C+Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.amnh.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2246%2F5822%2FN3544.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prum-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prum_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrumBervDornburgField2015" class="citation journal cs1">Prum, Richard O.; Berv, Jacob S.; Dornburg, Alex; Field, Daniel J.; Townsend, Jeffrey P.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature19417">"A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>526</b> (7607): <span class="nowrap">569–</span>573. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.526..569P">2015Natur.526..569P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature19417">10.1038/nature19417</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+phylogeny+of+birds+%28Aves%29+using+targeted+next-generation+DNA+sequencing&rft.volume=526&rft.issue=7607&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E569-%3C%2Fspan%3E573&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature19417&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.526..569P&rft.aulast=Prum&rft.aufirst=Richard+O.&rft.au=Berv%2C+Jacob+S.&rft.au=Dornburg%2C+Alex&rft.au=Field%2C+Daniel+J.&rft.au=Townsend%2C+Jeffrey+P.&rft.au=Lemmon%2C+Emily+Moriarty&rft.au=Lemmon%2C+Alan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature19417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selvatti-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selvatti_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selvatti_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvattiGalvãoPereiraPedreira_Gonzaga2016" class="citation journal cs1">Selvatti, Alexandre Pedro; Galvão, Ana; Pereira, Anieli Guirro; Pedreira Gonzaga, Luiz; Russo, Claudia Augusta de Moraes (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsw250">"An African origin of the Eurylaimides (Passeriformes) and the successful diversification of the ground-foraging Pittas (Pittidae)"</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>43</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">483–</span>499. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsw250">10.1093/molbev/msw250</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28069777">28069777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=An+African+origin+of+the+Eurylaimides+%28Passeriformes%29+and+the+successful+diversification+of+the+ground-foraging+Pittas+%28Pittidae%29&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E483-%3C%2Fspan%3E499&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsw250&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28069777&rft.aulast=Selvatti&rft.aufirst=Alexandre+Pedro&rft.au=Galv%C3%A3o%2C+Ana&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Anieli+Guirro&rft.au=Pedreira+Gonzaga%2C+Luiz&rft.au=Russo%2C+Claudia+Augusta+de+Moraes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmolbev%252Fmsw250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayr-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayr1931" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mayr, Ernst (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Journal-fuer-Ornithologie_79_1931_0333-0337.pdf">"Die Syrinx einiger Singvögel aus Neu-Guinea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal für Ornithologie</i> (in German). <b>79</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">333–</span>337. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931JOrni..79..333M">1931JOrni..79..333M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf01953006">10.1007/bf01953006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26905688">26905688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Ornithologie&rft.atitle=Die+Syrinx+einiger+Singv%C3%B6gel+aus+Neu-Guinea&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E337&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26905688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf01953006&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1931JOrni..79..333M&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zobodat.at%2Fpdf%2FJournal-fuer-Ornithologie_79_1931_0333-0337.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8327774"><i>Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Volume 14</i></a>. Vol. 14. London: British Museum. 1888. p. 412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Birds+in+the+British+Museum.+Volume+14&rft.place=London&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=1888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F8327774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBW-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_16-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErritzoe2017" class="citation journal cs1">Erritzoe, J. (2017). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/family/pittas-pittidae">"Family Pittidae (Pittas)"</a></span>. <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</i>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2173%2Fbow.pittid1.01">10.2173/bow.pittid1.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241970288">241970288</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World+Alive&rft.atitle=Family+Pittidae+%28Pittas%29&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2173%2Fbow.pittid1.01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241970288%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Erritzoe&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbw.com%2Ffamily%2Fpittas-pittidae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliot,_Daniel_Giraud1895" class="citation book cs1">Elliot, Daniel Giraud (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003757603/page/n3"><i>Monograph of the Pittidae, or the family of ant-thrushes</i></a>. London: Bernard Quaritch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monograph+of+the+Pittidae%2C+or+the+family+of+ant-thrushes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bernard+Quaritch&rft.date=1895&rft.au=Elliot%2C+Daniel+Giraud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmobot31753003757603%2Fpage%2Fn3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBW_book-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HBW_book_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErritzoe2003" class="citation book cs1">Erritzoe, J. (2003). "Family Pittidae (Pittas)". In Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; David, Christie (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World"><i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 8, Broadbills to Tapaculos</i></a>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/106">106–127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-50-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-50-4"><bdi>978-84-87334-50-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Pittidae+%28Pittas%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World.+Volume+8%2C+Broadbills+to+Tapaculos&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=106-127&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-84-87334-50-4&rft.aulast=Erritzoe&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199814_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillDonsker2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)" title="Frank Gill (ornithologist)">Gill, Frank</a>; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/nz_wrens/">"NZ wrens, broadbills, pittas"</a>. <i>World Bird List Version 8.2</i>. International Ornithologists' Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bird+List+Version+8.2&rft.atitle=NZ+wrens%2C+broadbills%2C+pittas&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fnz_wrens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/results?thrlev1=&thrlev2=&kw=&fam=103&gen=0&spc=&cmn=&reg=0&cty=0&rlEX=Y&rlEW=Y&rlCR=Y&rlEN=Y&rlVU=Y&rlNT=Y&rlDD=Y">"Family Pittidae"</a>. <i>Data Zone</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data+Zone&rft.atitle=Family+Pittidae&rft.date=2017&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fspecies%2Fresults%3Fthrlev1%3D%26thrlev2%3D%26kw%3D%26fam%3D103%26gen%3D0%26spc%3D%26cmn%3D%26reg%3D0%26cty%3D0%26rlEX%3DY%26rlEW%3DY%26rlCR%3DY%26rlEN%3DY%26rlVU%3DY%26rlNT%3DY%26rlDD%3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rheindt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rheindt_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRheindtJames_Easton2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rheindt, Frank; James Easton (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274387758">"Biological species limits in the Banded Pitta <i>Pitta guajana</i>"</a>. <i>Forktail</i>. <b>26</b>: <span class="nowrap">86–</span>91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forktail&rft.atitle=Biological+species+limits+in+the+Banded+Pitta+Pitta+guajana&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Rheindt&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=James+Easton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F274387758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irestedt_2013-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Irestedt_2013_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrestedtFabreBatalha-FilhoJønsson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Irestedt, M.; Fabre, P.; Batalha-Filho, H.; Jønsson, K.; Roselaar, C.; Sangster, G.; Ericson, P. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619518">"The spatio-temporal colonization and diversification across the Indo-Pacific by a 'great speciator' (Aves, <i>Erythropitta erythrogaster</i>)"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B</i>. <b>280</b> (1759): 20130309. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2013.0309">10.1098/rspb.2013.0309</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619518">3619518</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23554394">23554394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B&rft.atitle=The+spatio-temporal+colonization+and+diversification+across+the+Indo-Pacific+by+a+%27great+speciator%27+%28Aves%2C+Erythropitta+erythrogaster%29&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=1759&rft.pages=20130309&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3619518%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23554394&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2013.0309&rft.aulast=Irestedt&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Fabre%2C+P.&rft.au=Batalha-Filho%2C+H.&rft.au=J%C3%B8nsson%2C+K.&rft.au=Roselaar%2C+C.&rft.au=Sangster%2C+G.&rft.au=Ericson%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3619518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeddard,_Frank_E.1898" class="citation book cs1">Beddard, Frank E. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/structureclassif00bedd"><i>The Structure and Classification of Birds</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/structureclassif00bedd/page/181">181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Structure+and+Classification+of+Birds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1898&rft.au=Beddard%2C+Frank+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstructureclassif00bedd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchodde,_R.Mason,_I.J.1999" class="citation book cs1">Schodde, R.; Mason, I.J. (1999). <i>The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines</i>. CSIRO Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0643100862" title="Special:BookSources/978-0643100862"><bdi>978-0643100862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Directory+of+Australian+Birds%3A+Passerines&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0643100862&rft.au=Schodde%2C+R.&rft.au=Mason%2C+I.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehead,_John1893" class="citation journal cs1">Whitehead, John (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ibis651893brit#page/488/mode/2up">"A review of the species of the family Pittidae"</a>. <i>Ibis</i>. <b>35</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">488–</span>509. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1893.tb01238.x">10.1111/j.1474-919X.1893.tb01238.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ibis&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+species+of+the+family+Pittidae&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E488-%3C%2Fspan%3E509&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1474-919X.1893.tb01238.x&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fibis651893brit%23page%2F488%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singapore-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-singapore_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-singapore_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLokKhor,_K.Lim,_K.R._Subaraj2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lok, A.; Khor, K.; Lim, K.; R. Subaraj (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140125012454/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/nis/bulletin2009/2009nis155-165.pdf">"Pittas (Pittidae) of Singapore"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature in Singapore</i>. <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">155–</span>165. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/nis/bulletin2009/2009nis155-165.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+in+Singapore&rft.atitle=Pittas+%28Pittidae%29+of+Singapore&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Lok&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Khor%2C+K.&rft.au=Lim%2C+K.&rft.au=R.+Subaraj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frmbr.nus.edu.sg%2Fnis%2Fbulletin2009%2F2009nis155-165.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-superb-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-superb_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-superb_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=4007">"Species factsheet: <i>Pitta superba</i>"</a>. <i>Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data+Zone&rft.atitle=Species+factsheet%3A+Pitta+superba&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birdlife.org%2Fdatazone%2Fspeciesfactsheet.php%3Fid%3D4007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199821-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199821_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noisy_pitta-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noisy_pitta_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodall1994" class="citation journal cs1">Woodall, P.F. (1994). "Breeding season and clutch size of the Noisy Pitta <i>Pitta versicolor</i> in tropical and subtropical Australia". <i>Emu</i>. <b>94</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">273–</span>277. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994EmuAO..94..273W">1994EmuAO..94..273W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FMU9940273">10.1071/MU9940273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=Breeding+season+and+clutch+size+of+the+Noisy+Pitta+Pitta+versicolor+in+tropical+and+subtropical+Australia&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E277&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FMU9940273&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994EmuAO..94..273W&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=P.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199822_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmerman_1995-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_1995_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman1995" class="citation journal cs1">Zimmerman, Udo (1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdlife.org.au/afo/index.php/afo/article/view/308">"Displays and postures of the Rainbow Pitta and other Australian Pittas"</a></span>. <i>Australian Bird Watcher</i>. <b>16</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">161–</span>164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bird+Watcher&rft.atitle=Displays+and+postures+of+the+Rainbow+Pitta+and+other+Australian+Pittas&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E161-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Udo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birdlife.org.au%2Fafo%2Findex.php%2Fafo%2Farticle%2Fview%2F308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HANZAB_Rainbow-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HANZAB_Rainbow_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginsPeterSteele2001" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, P.J.; Peter, J.M.; Steele, W.K., eds. (2001). <i>Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats</i>. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553258-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553258-6"><bdi>978-0-19-553258-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Australian%2C+New+Zealand+and+Antarctic+Birds.+Volume+5%3A+Tyrant-flycatchers+to+Chats&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-553258-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeganHruskaM._Hite2013" class="citation journal cs1">Pegan, Teresa; Hruska, Jack; M. Hite, Justin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283476740">"A newly described call and mechanical noise produced by the Black-and-crimson Pitta <i>Pitta ussheri</i>"</a>. <i>Forktail</i>. <b>29</b>: <span class="nowrap">160–</span>162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forktail&rft.atitle=A+newly+described+call+and+mechanical+noise+produced+by+the+Black-and-crimson+Pitta+Pitta+ussheri&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Pegan&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.au=Hruska%2C+Jack&rft.au=M.+Hite%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283476740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fairybreed-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fairybreed_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fairybreed_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fairybreed_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinYao,_Cheng-TePei-Fen_Lee2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, Ruey-Shing; Yao, Cheng-Te; Pei-Fen Lee (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/161659/1/39.pdf">"The diet of Fairy Pitta <i>Pitta nympha</i> nestlings in Taiwan as revealed by videotaping"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zoological Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">355–</span>361.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Studies&rft.atitle=The+diet+of+Fairy+Pitta+Pitta+nympha+nestlings+in+Taiwan+as+revealed+by+videotaping&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E355-%3C%2Fspan%3E361&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Ruey-Shing&rft.au=Yao%2C+Cheng-Te&rft.au=Pei-Fen+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2Fbitstream%2F246246%2F161659%2F1%2F39.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bang-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bang_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBangStanley_Cobb1968" class="citation journal cs1">Bang, B.G.; Stanley Cobb (1968). "The size of the olfactory bulb in 108 species of birds". <i>The Auk</i>. <b>85</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">55–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4083624">10.2307/4083624</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4083624">4083624</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:87392351">87392351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Auk&rft.atitle=The+size+of+the+olfactory+bulb+in+108+species+of+birds&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A87392351%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4083624%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4083624&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft.au=Stanley+Cobb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoinarskiA._FisherK._BrennanI._Morris1998" class="citation journal cs1">Woinarski, J.C.W.; A. Fisher; K. Brennan; I. Morris; R.C. Willan; R. Chatto (1998). "The Chestnut Rail <i>Eulabeornis castaneoventris</i> on the Wessel and English Company Islands: Notes on unusual habitat and use of anvils". <i>Emu</i>. <b>98</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">74–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998EmuAO..98...74W">1998EmuAO..98...74W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FMU98007E">10.1071/MU98007E</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=The+Chestnut+Rail+Eulabeornis+castaneoventris+on+the+Wessel+and+English+Company+Islands%3A+Notes+on+unusual+habitat+and+use+of+anvils&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FMU98007E&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998EmuAO..98...74W&rft.aulast=Woinarski&rft.aufirst=J.C.W.&rft.au=A.+Fisher&rft.au=K.+Brennan&rft.au=I.+Morris&rft.au=R.C.+Willan&rft.au=R.+Chatto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmerman_2004-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_2004_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermanNoske2004" class="citation journal cs1">Zimmerman, Udo; Noske, Richard (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org.au/afo/index.php/afo/article/view/81">"Why do Rainbow Pittas <i>Pitta iris</i> place wallaby dung at the entrance to their nests?"</a></span>. <i>Australian Field Ornithology</i>. <b>21</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">163–</span>165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Why+do+Rainbow+Pittas+Pitta+iris+place+wallaby+dung+at+the+entrance+to+their+nests%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E165&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Udo&rft.au=Noske%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birdlife.org.au%2Fafo%2Findex.php%2Fafo%2Farticle%2Fview%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimmerman-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermannNoske2003" class="citation journal cs1">Zimmermann, Udo M.; Noske, Richard A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248900314">"Breeding biology of the Rainbow Pitta, <i>Pitta iris</i>, a species endemic to Australian monsoon-tropical rainforests"</a>. <i>Emu</i>. <b>103</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>254. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EmuAO.103..245Z">2003EmuAO.103..245Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FMU02005">10.1071/MU02005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84067407">84067407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=Breeding+biology+of+the+Rainbow+Pitta%2C+Pitta+iris%2C+a+species+endemic+to+Australian+monsoon-tropical+rainforests&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E254&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84067407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FMU02005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003EmuAO.103..245Z&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Udo+M.&rft.au=Noske%2C+Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F248900314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199826-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199826_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gulson-Castillo-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gulson-Castillo_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulson-CastilloDreelinFernandez-DuqueGreig2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gulson-Castillo, Eric R.; Dreelin, R. Andrew; Fernandez-Duque, Facundo; Greig, Emma I.; Hite, Justin M.; Orzechowski, Sophia C.; Smith, Lauren K.; Wallace, Rachel T.; Winkler, David W. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25226%2Fbboc.v137i3.2017.a2">"Breeding biology during the nestling period at a Black-crowned Pitta <i>Erythropitta ussheri</i> nest"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club</i>. <b>137</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">173–</span>194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25226%2Fbboc.v137i3.2017.a2">10.25226/bboc.v137i3.2017.a2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1595">0007-1595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+British+Ornithologists%27+Club&rft.atitle=Breeding+biology+during+the+nestling+period+at+a+Black-crowned+Pitta+Erythropitta+ussheri+nest&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25226%2Fbboc.v137i3.2017.a2&rft.issn=0007-1595&rft.aulast=Gulson-Castillo&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rft.au=Dreelin%2C+R.+Andrew&rft.au=Fernandez-Duque%2C+Facundo&rft.au=Greig%2C+Emma+I.&rft.au=Hite%2C+Justin+M.&rft.au=Orzechowski%2C+Sophia+C.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Lauren+K.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Rachel+T.&rft.au=Winkler%2C+David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.25226%252Fbboc.v137i3.2017.a2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199827-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErritzoeErritzoe199827_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998">Erritzoe & Erritzoe 1998</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrrlScientist2011" class="citation news cs1">GrrlScientist (28 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/punctuated-equilibrium/2011/feb/28/2">"The Jewel Hunter [Book Review]"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Jewel+Hunter+%5BBook+Review%5D&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft.au=GrrlScientist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fpunctuated-equilibrium%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F28%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurney-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gurney_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gurney_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldAratrakornWin_HtunEames2009" class="citation journal cs1">Donald, P. F.; Aratrakorn, S.; Win Htun, T.; Eames, J. C.; Hla, H.; Thunhikorn, S.; Sribua-Rod, K.; Tinun, P.; Aung, S.M.; Zaw, S.M.; Buchanan, G.M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959270909008612">"Population, distribution, habitat use and breeding of Gurney's Pitta <i>Pitta gurneyi</i> in Myanmar and Thailand"</a>. <i>Bird Conservation International</i>. <b>19</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">353–</span>366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959270909008612">10.1017/S0959270909008612</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bird+Conservation+International&rft.atitle=Population%2C+distribution%2C+habitat+use+and+breeding+of+Gurney%27s+Pitta+Pitta+gurneyi+in+Myanmar+and+Thailand&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E353-%3C%2Fspan%3E366&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959270909008612&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.aufirst=P.+F.&rft.au=Aratrakorn%2C+S.&rft.au=Win+Htun%2C+T.&rft.au=Eames%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Hla%2C+H.&rft.au=Thunhikorn%2C+S.&rft.au=Sribua-Rod%2C+K.&rft.au=Tinun%2C+P.&rft.au=Aung%2C+S.M.&rft.au=Zaw%2C+S.M.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+G.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0959270909008612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrettonKohlerLansdownPankhurst1993" class="citation journal cs1">Gretton, Adam; Kohler, Marcus; Lansdown, Richard V.; Pankhurst, Tim J.; Parr, John; Robson, Craig (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231826888">"The status of Gurney's Pitta <i>Pitta gumeyi</i>, 1987–1989"</a>. <i>Bird Conservation International</i>. <b>3</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">351–</span>367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959270900002604">10.1017/S0959270900002604</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bird+Conservation+International&rft.atitle=The+status+of+Gurney%27s+Pitta+Pitta+gumeyi%2C+1987%E2%80%931989&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E351-%3C%2Fspan%3E367&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959270900002604&rft.aulast=Gretton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Kohler%2C+Marcus&rft.au=Lansdown%2C+Richard+V.&rft.au=Pankhurst%2C+Tim+J.&rft.au=Parr%2C+John&rft.au=Robson%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F231826888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bluehead-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bluehead_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2001" class="citation web cs1">BirdLife International (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411191144/https://www.globalconservation.info/rudy/view_html.php?id=237&op=pittbaud">"Blue-headed Pitta"</a>. <i>Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book</i>. Cambridge: BirdLife International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalconservation.info/rudy/view_html.php?id=237&op=pittbaud">the original</a> on 11 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Threatened+birds+of+Asia%3A+the+BirdLife+International+Red+Data+Book&rft.atitle=Blue-headed+Pitta&rft.date=2001&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalconservation.info%2Frudy%2Fview_html.php%3Fid%3D237%26op%3Dpittbaud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherdEatonSerene2015" class="citation journal cs1">Shepherd, Chris; Eaton, James; Serene, Chng (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292977680">"Pittas for a pittance: observations on the little known illegal trade in Pittidae in west Indonesia"</a>. <i>Birding Asia</i>. <b>24</b>: <span class="nowrap">18–</span>20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birding+Asia&rft.atitle=Pittas+for+a+pittance%3A+observations+on+the+little+known+illegal+trade+in+Pittidae+in+west+Indonesia&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Eaton%2C+James&rft.au=Serene%2C+Chng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F292977680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dutson-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dutson_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutsonNewman1991" class="citation journal cs1">Dutson, Guy C.L.; Newman, Jonathan L. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959270900000605">"Observations on the Superb Pitta <i>Pitta superba</i> and other Manus endemics"</a>. <i>Bird Conservation International</i>. <b>1</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">215–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959270900000605">10.1017/S0959270900000605</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bird+Conservation+International&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+Superb+Pitta+Pitta+superba+and+other+Manus+endemics&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959270900000605&rft.aulast=Dutson&rft.aufirst=Guy+C.L.&rft.au=Newman%2C+Jonathan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0959270900000605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_texts">Cited texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cited texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998" class="citation book cs1">Erritzoe, L.; Erritzoe, H. (1998). <i>Pittas of the World, A Monograph of the Pitta Family</i>. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7188-2961-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7188-2961-2"><bdi>978-0-7188-2961-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pittas+of+the+World%2C+A+Monograph+of+the+Pitta+Family&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Lutterworth+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7188-2961-2&rft.aulast=Erritzoe&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Erritzoe%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pittidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pittidae">Pittidae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pittidae">Pittidae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/pittas-pittidae">Pitta videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genera_of_passerines_and_their_extinct_allies241" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Passeriformes" title="Template:Passeriformes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Passeriformes" title="Template talk:Passeriformes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Passeriformes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Passeriformes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genera_of_passerines_and_their_extinct_allies241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeriformes">passerines</a> and their extinct allies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">Aves</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Psittacopasseres" title="Psittacopasseres">Psittacopasseres</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Passeriformes241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Passeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>incertae sedis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Corvitalusoides" title="Corvitalusoides">Corvitalusoides</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Jamna_(bird)" title="Jamna (bird)">Jamna</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Winnicavis" title="Winnicavis">Winnicavis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunnanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yunnanus (page does not exist)">Yunnanus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acanthisitti" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthisitti">Acanthisitti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acanthisittidae19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acanthisittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthisittidae">Acanthisittidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthisitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthisitta">Acanthisitta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dendroscansor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendroscansor">Dendroscansor</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kuiornis" title="Kuiornis">Kuiornis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pachyplichas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyplichas">Pachyplichas</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Traversia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenicus" title="Xenicus">Xenicus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eupasseres" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupasseres">Eupasseres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyranni" title="Tyranni">Tyranni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Crosnoornis" title="Crosnoornis">Crosnoornis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Wieslochia" title="Wieslochia">Wieslochia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eurylaimides" title="Eurylaimides">Eurylaimides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calyptomenidae" title="Calyptomenidae">Calyptomenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptomena" title="Calyptomena">Calyptomena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smithornis" title="Smithornis">Smithornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eurylaimidae" title="Eurylaimidae">Eurylaimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corydon_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corydon (bird)">Corydon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbirhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbirhynchus">Cymbirhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurylaimus" title="Eurylaimus">Eurylaimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psarisomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Psarisomus">Psarisomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudocalyptomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocalyptomena">Pseudocalyptomena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcophanops" title="Sarcophanops">Sarcophanops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serilophus" title="Serilophus">Serilophus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philepittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Philepittidae">Philepittidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neodrepanis" title="Neodrepanis">Neodrepanis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philepitta" title="Philepitta">Philepitta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittidae">Pittidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythropitta" title="Erythropitta">Erythropitta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrornis" title="Hydrornis">Hydrornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pitta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sapayoidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapayoidae">Sapayoidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sapayoa" title="Sapayoa">Sapayoa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannides" title="Tyrannides">Tyrannides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeri">Passeri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below ↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traversia lyalli"><img alt="Traversia lyalli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg/120px-XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg/180px-XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg/240px-XenicusInsularisKeulemans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="2255" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tyrannides241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannides" title="Tyrannides">Tyrannides</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conopophagidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Conopophagidae">Conopophagidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalopterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopterus">Cephalopterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conopophaga" title="Conopophaga">Conopophaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittasoma" title="Pittasoma">Pittasoma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cotingidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotingidae">Cotingidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ampelioides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampelioides">Ampelioides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ampelion" title="Ampelion">Ampelion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpodectes" title="Carpodectes">Carpodectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpornis">Carpornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conioptilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Conioptilon">Conioptilon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cotinga" title="Cotinga">Cotinga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doliornis" title="Doliornis">Doliornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnoderus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnoderus">Gymnoderus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haematoderus" class="mw-redirect" title="Haematoderus">Haematoderus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lipaugus" title="Lipaugus">Lipaugus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Querula" class="mw-redirect" title="Querula">Querula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perissocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Perissocephalus">Perissocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phibalura" class="mw-redirect" title="Phibalura">Phibalura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenicircus" title="Phoenicircus">Phoenicircus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phytotoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytotoma">Phytotoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipreola" title="Pipreola">Pipreola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porphyrolaema" class="mw-redirect" title="Porphyrolaema">Porphyrolaema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procnias" class="mw-redirect" title="Procnias">Procnias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyroderus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyroderus">Pyroderus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cock-of-the-rock" title="Cock-of-the-rock">Rupicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snowornis" title="Snowornis">Snowornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xipholena" title="Xipholena">Xipholena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaratornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaratornis">Zaratornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formicariidae" title="Formicariidae">Formicariidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamaeza" title="Chamaeza">Chamaeza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Formicarius_(bird)" title="Formicarius (bird)">Formicarius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Furnariidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnariidae">Furnariidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berlepschia" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlepschia">Berlepschia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoseisuropsis" title="Pseudoseisuropsis">Pseudoseisuropsis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sclerurinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sclerurinae (page does not exist)">Sclerurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geositta" title="Geositta">Geositta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerurus" title="Sclerurus">Sclerurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dendrocolaptinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrocolaptinae">Dendrocolaptinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dendrocolaptini" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrocolaptini">Dendrocolaptini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Campylorhamphus" title="Campylorhamphus">Campylorhamphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrexetastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrexetastes">Dendrexetastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrocolaptes" title="Dendrocolaptes">Dendrocolaptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendroplex" title="Dendroplex">Dendroplex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drymornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Drymornis">Drymornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drymotoxeres" class="mw-redirect" title="Drymotoxeres">Drymotoxeres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyphorynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyphorynchus">Glyphorynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylexetastes" title="Hylexetastes">Hylexetastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidocolaptes" title="Lepidocolaptes">Lepidocolaptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nasica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasica">Nasica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiphocolaptes" title="Xiphocolaptes">Xiphocolaptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiphorhynchus" title="Xiphorhynchus">Xiphorhynchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sittasomini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sittasomini (page does not exist)">Sittasomini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Certhiasomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Certhiasomus">Certhiasomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrocincla" title="Dendrocincla">Dendrocincla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deconychura" title="Deconychura">Deconychura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sittasomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sittasomus">Sittasomus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Furnariinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furnariinae (page does not exist)">Furnariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenops" title="Xenops">Xenops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygarrhichini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygarrhichini (page does not exist)">Pygarrhichini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microxenops" class="mw-redirect" title="Microxenops">Microxenops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ochetorhynchus" title="Ochetorhynchus">Ochetorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygarrhichas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygarrhichas">Pygarrhichas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Furnariini" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnariini">Furnariini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinclodes" title="Cinclodes">Cinclodes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Furnarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnarius">Furnarius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geocerthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocerthia">Geocerthia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limnornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Limnornis">Limnornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lochmias" class="mw-redirect" title="Lochmias">Lochmias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phleocryptes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phleocryptes">Phleocryptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Premnornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Premnornis">Premnornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudocolaptes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocolaptes">Pseudocolaptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarphonomus" title="Tarphonomus">Tarphonomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upucerthia" title="Upucerthia">Upucerthia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philydorini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philydorini (page does not exist)">Philydorini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anabacerthia" title="Anabacerthia">Anabacerthia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anabazenops" title="Anabazenops">Anabazenops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancistrops" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrops">Ancistrops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Automolus" title="Automolus">Automolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cichlocolaptes" title="Cichlocolaptes">Cichlocolaptes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clibanornis" title="Clibanornis">Clibanornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendroma" title="Dendroma">Dendroma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliobletus" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliobletus">Heliobletus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megaxenops" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaxenops">Megaxenops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philydor" title="Philydor">Philydor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syndactyla" title="Syndactyla">Syndactyla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thripadectes" title="Thripadectes">Thripadectes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synallaxini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synallaxini (page does not exist)">Synallaxini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acrobatornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrobatornis">Acrobatornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anumbius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anumbius">Anumbius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aphrastura" title="Aphrastura">Aphrastura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asthenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Asthenes">Asthenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Certhiaxis" title="Certhiaxis">Certhiaxis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coryphistera" class="mw-redirect" title="Coryphistera">Coryphistera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cranioleuca" title="Cranioleuca">Cranioleuca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hellmayrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellmayrea">Hellmayrea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptasthenura" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptasthenura">Leptasthenura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limnoctites" title="Limnoctites">Limnoctites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margarornis" title="Margarornis">Margarornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazaria">Mazaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metopothrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Metopothrix">Metopothrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phacellodomus" title="Phacellodomus">Phacellodomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Premnoplex" title="Premnoplex">Premnoplex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudasthenes" title="Pseudasthenes">Pseudasthenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoseisura" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoseisura">Pseudoseisura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roraimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roraimia">Roraimia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schoeniophylax" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoeniophylax">Schoeniophylax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siptornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Siptornis">Siptornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spartonoica" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartonoica">Spartonoica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sylviorthorhynchus" title="Sylviorthorhynchus">Sylviorthorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Synallaxis" title="Synallaxis">Synallaxis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thripophaga" title="Thripophaga">Thripophaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenerpestes" title="Xenerpestes">Xenerpestes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grallariidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grallariidae">Grallariidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptopezus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptopezus">Cryptopezus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grallaria" title="Grallaria">Grallaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grallaricula" title="Grallaricula">Grallaricula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylopezus" title="Hylopezus">Hylopezus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmothera" title="Myrmothera">Myrmothera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melanopareiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanopareiidae">Melanopareiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanopareia" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanopareia">Melanopareia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pipridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipridae">Pipridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratopipra" title="Ceratopipra">Ceratopipra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiroxiphia" title="Chiroxiphia">Chiroxiphia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chloropipo" title="Chloropipo">Chloropipo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corapipo" title="Corapipo">Corapipo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptopipo" title="Cryptopipo">Cryptopipo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterocercus" title="Heterocercus">Heterocercus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilicura" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilicura">Ilicura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidothrix" title="Lepidothrix">Lepidothrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machaeropterus" title="Machaeropterus">Machaeropterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manacus" title="Manacus">Manacus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masius" class="mw-redirect" title="Masius">Masius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neopelma" title="Neopelma">Neopelma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipra" title="Pipra">Pipra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudopipra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudopipra">Pseudopipra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyranneutes" title="Tyranneutes">Tyranneutes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenopipo" title="Xenopipo">Xenopipo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhinocryptidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinocryptidae">Rhinocryptidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acropternis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acropternis">Acropternis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eleoscytalopus" title="Eleoscytalopus">Eleoscytalopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugralla" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugralla">Eugralla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liosceles" class="mw-redirect" title="Liosceles">Liosceles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merulaxis" title="Merulaxis">Merulaxis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Myornis">Myornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psilorhamphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Psilorhamphus">Psilorhamphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pteroptochos" title="Pteroptochos">Pteroptochos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinocrypta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinocrypta">Rhinocrypta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scelorchilus" title="Scelorchilus">Scelorchilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scytalopus" title="Scytalopus">Scytalopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teledromas" class="mw-redirect" title="Teledromas">Teledromas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thamnophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thamnophilidae">Thamnophilidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euchrepomidinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euchrepomidinae (page does not exist)">Euchrepomidinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Euchrepomis" title="Euchrepomis">Euchrepomis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrmornithinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrmornithinae (page does not exist)">Myrmornithinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmornis">Myrmornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygiptila" class="mw-redirect" title="Pygiptila">Pygiptila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamnistes" title="Thamnistes">Thamnistes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnophilinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnophilinae (page does not exist)">Thamnophilinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formicivorini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formicivorini (page does not exist)">Formicivorini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Formicivora" title="Formicivora">Formicivora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmochanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmochanes">Myrmochanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmotherula" title="Myrmotherula">Myrmotherula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terenura" title="Terenura">Terenura</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microrhopiini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microrhopiini (page does not exist)">Microrhopiini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammonastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonastes">Ammonastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aprositornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aprositornis">Aprositornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clytoctantes" title="Clytoctantes">Clytoctantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epinecrophylla" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinecrophylla">Epinecrophylla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microrhopias" class="mw-redirect" title="Microrhopias">Microrhopias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmophylax" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmophylax">Myrmophylax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmorchilus" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmorchilus">Myrmorchilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoctantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoctantes">Neoctantes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pithyini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pithyini">Pithyini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cercomacra" title="Cercomacra">Cercomacra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cercomacroides" title="Cercomacroides">Cercomacroides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drymophila" title="Drymophila">Drymophila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnopithys" title="Gymnopithys">Gymnopithys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypocnemis" title="Hypocnemis">Hypocnemis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oneillornis" title="Oneillornis">Oneillornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaenostictus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaenostictus">Phaenostictus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phlegopsis" title="Phlegopsis">Phlegopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pithys" title="Pithys">Pithys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhegmatorhina" title="Rhegmatorhina">Rhegmatorhina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciaphylax" title="Sciaphylax">Sciaphylax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willisornis" title="Willisornis">Willisornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyriglenini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyriglenini (page does not exist)">Pyriglenini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akletos" title="Akletos">Akletos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ampelornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampelornis">Ampelornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnocichla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnocichla">Gymnocichla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hafferia" title="Hafferia">Hafferia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylophylax" title="Hylophylax">Hylophylax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypocnemoides" title="Hypocnemoides">Hypocnemoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmeciza" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmeciza">Myrmeciza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmelastes" title="Myrmelastes">Myrmelastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmoborus" title="Myrmoborus">Myrmoborus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrmoderus" title="Myrmoderus">Myrmoderus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Percnostola" title="Percnostola">Percnostola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocrania" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliocrania">Poliocrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyriglena" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyriglena">Pyriglena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhopornis">Rhopornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclateria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclateria">Sclateria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sipia" title="Sipia">Sipia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnophilini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnophilini (page does not exist)">Thamnophilini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Batara_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batara (bird)">Batara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Biatas">Biatas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbilaimus" title="Cymbilaimus">Cymbilaimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dichrozona" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichrozona">Dichrozona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dysithamnus" title="Dysithamnus">Dysithamnus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederickena" title="Frederickena">Frederickena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpsilochmus" title="Herpsilochmus">Herpsilochmus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypoedaleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoedaleus">Hypoedaleus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isleria" title="Isleria">Isleria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mackenziaena" title="Mackenziaena">Mackenziaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megastictus" class="mw-redirect" title="Megastictus">Megastictus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radinopsyche" class="mw-redirect" title="Radinopsyche">Radinopsyche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhopias" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhopias">Rhopias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakesphoroides" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakesphoroides">Sakesphoroides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakesphorus" title="Sakesphorus">Sakesphorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taraba_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taraba (bird)">Taraba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamnomanes" title="Thamnomanes">Thamnomanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamnophilus" title="Thamnophilus">Thamnophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenornis">Xenornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tityridae" title="Tityridae">Tityridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iodopleura" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodopleura">Iodopleura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laniisoma" title="Laniisoma">Laniisoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laniocera" title="Laniocera">Laniocera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiobius" title="Myiobius">Myiobius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onychorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychorhynchus">Onychorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxyruncus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyruncus">Oxyruncus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachyramphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyramphus">Pachyramphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schiffornis" title="Schiffornis">Schiffornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terenotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Terenotriccus">Terenotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tityra" title="Tityra">Tityra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenopsaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopsaris">Xenopsaris</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrannidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agriornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriornis">Agriornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alectrurus" title="Alectrurus">Alectrurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anairetes" title="Anairetes">Anairetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aphanotriccus" title="Aphanotriccus">Aphanotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arundinicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Arundinicola">Arundinicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Atalotriccus">Atalotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Attila_(bird)" title="Attila (bird)">Attila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calyptura" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyptura">Calyptura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camptostoma" title="Camptostoma">Camptostoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capsiempis" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsiempis">Capsiempis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casiornis" title="Casiornis">Casiornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnemarchus" title="Cnemarchus">Cnemarchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnemotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemotriccus">Cnemotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnipodectes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnipodectes">Cnipodectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_tyrant" title="Long-tailed tyrant">Colonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colorhamphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorhamphus">Colorhamphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conopias" title="Conopias">Conopias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contopus" class="mw-redirect" title="Contopus">Contopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corythopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Corythopis">Corythopis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Culicivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Culicivora">Culicivora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaenia" title="Elaenia">Elaenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empidonax" title="Empidonax">Empidonax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empidonomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Empidonomus">Empidonomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euscarthmus" title="Euscarthmus">Euscarthmus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fluvicola" title="Fluvicola">Fluvicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griseotyrannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseotyrannus">Griseotyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gubernetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gubernetes">Gubernetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guyramemua" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyramemua">Guyramemua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemitriccus" title="Hemitriccus">Hemitriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heteroxolmis" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteroxolmis">Heteroxolmis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirundinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirundinea">Hirundinea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymenops" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenops">Hymenops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inezia_(bird)" title="Inezia (bird)">Inezia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knipolegus" title="Knipolegus">Knipolegus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lathrotriccus" title="Lathrotriccus">Lathrotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legatus_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legatus (bird)">Legatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lessonia_(bird)" title="Lessonia (bird)">Lessonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptopogon" title="Leptopogon">Leptopogon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophotriccus" title="Lophotriccus">Lophotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machetornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Machetornis">Machetornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mecocerculus" title="Mecocerculus">Mecocerculus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megarynchus" title="Megarynchus">Megarynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mionectes" title="Mionectes">Mionectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitrephanes" title="Mitrephanes">Mitrephanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscigralla" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscigralla">Muscigralla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscipipra" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscipipra">Muscipipra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscisaxicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscisaxicola">Muscisaxicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiarchus" title="Myiarchus">Myiarchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiodynastes" title="Myiodynastes">Myiodynastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiopagis" title="Myiopagis">Myiopagis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiophobus" title="Myiophobus">Myiophobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiornis" title="Myiornis">Myiornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiotheretes" title="Myiotheretes">Myiotheretes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Myiotriccus">Myiotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myiozetetes" title="Myiozetetes">Myiozetetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nengetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nengetus">Nengetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neopipo" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopipo">Neopipo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoxolmis" title="Neoxolmis">Neoxolmis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nephelomyias" title="Nephelomyias">Nephelomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesotriccus" title="Nesotriccus">Nesotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ochthoeca" title="Ochthoeca">Ochthoeca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ochthornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochthornis">Ochthornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oncostoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncostoma">Oncostoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ornithion" title="Ornithion">Ornithion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phelpsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Phelpsia">Phelpsia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philohydor" class="mw-redirect" title="Philohydor">Philohydor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phyllomyias" title="Phyllomyias">Phyllomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phylloscartes" title="Phylloscartes">Phylloscartes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piprites" title="Piprites">Piprites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitangus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitangus">Pitangus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platyrinchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyrinchus">Platyrinchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poecilotriccus" title="Poecilotriccus">Poecilotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pogonotriccus" title="Pogonotriccus">Pogonotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polystictus_(bird)" title="Polystictus (bird)">Polystictus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudelaenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudelaenia">Pseudelaenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudocolopteryx" title="Pseudocolopteryx">Pseudocolopteryx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudotriccus" title="Pseudotriccus">Pseudotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrocephalus" title="Pyrocephalus">Pyrocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fire-eyed_diucon" title="Fire-eyed diucon">Pyrope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhomyias" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrrhomyias">Pyrrhomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramphotrigon" title="Ramphotrigon">Ramphotrigon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchocyclus" title="Rhynchocyclus">Rhynchocyclus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhytipterna" title="Rhytipterna">Rhytipterna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satrapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Satrapa">Satrapa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayornis" title="Sayornis">Sayornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serpophaga" title="Serpophaga">Serpophaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silvicultrix" title="Silvicultrix">Silvicultrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sirystes" title="Sirystes">Sirystes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stigmatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigmatura">Stigmatura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sublegatus" title="Sublegatus">Sublegatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suiriri" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiriri">Suiriri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syrtidicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrtidicola">Syrtidicola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tachuris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachuris">Tachuris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taeniotriccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taeniotriccus">Taeniotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Todirostrum" title="Todirostrum">Todirostrum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolmomyias" title="Tolmomyias">Tolmomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tumbezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumbezia">Tumbezia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannopsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannopsis">Tyrannopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannulus">Tyrannulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannus">Tyrannus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uromyias" title="Uromyias">Uromyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenotriccus" title="Xenotriccus">Xenotriccus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xolmis" title="Xolmis">Xolmis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zimmerius" title="Zimmerius">Zimmerius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Passeri241" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Passeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Passeri">Passeri</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Resoviaornis" title="Resoviaornis">Resoviaornis</a></i> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acanthizidae" title="Acanthizidae">Acanthizidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthiza" title="Acanthiza">Acanthiza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthornis">Acanthornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aethomyias" title="Aethomyias">Aethomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aphelocephala" title="Aphelocephala">Aphelocephala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calamanthus" title="Calamanthus">Calamanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gerygone" title="Gerygone">Gerygone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylacola" title="Hylacola">Hylacola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neosericornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neosericornis">Neosericornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreoscopus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreoscopus">Oreoscopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Origma" title="Origma">Origma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachycare" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachycare">Pachycare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pycnoptilus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pycnoptilus">Pycnoptilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrrholaemus" title="Pyrrholaemus">Pyrrholaemus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sericornis" title="Sericornis">Sericornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smicrornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Smicrornis">Smicrornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atrichornithidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrichornithidae">Atrichornithidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atrichornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrichornis">Atrichornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callaeidae" title="Callaeidae">Callaeidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callaeas" class="mw-redirect" title="Callaeas">Callaeas</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Heteralocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteralocha">Heteralocha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philesturnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philesturnus">Philesturnus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climacteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Climacteridae">Climacteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Climacteris" title="Climacteris">Climacteris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cormobates" title="Cormobates">Cormobates</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cnemophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemophilidae">Cnemophilidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnemophilus" title="Cnemophilus">Cnemophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loboparadisea" class="mw-redirect" title="Loboparadisea">Loboparadisea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dasyornithidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasyornithidae">Dasyornithidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasyornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasyornis">Dasyornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maluridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maluridae">Maluridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amytornithinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amytornithinae">Amytornithinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amytornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amytornis">Amytornis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malurinae">Malurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malurini" class="mw-redirect" title="Malurini">Malurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chenorhamphus" title="Chenorhamphus">Chenorhamphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clytomyias" class="mw-redirect" title="Clytomyias">Clytomyias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malurus" title="Malurus">Malurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sipodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipodotus">Sipodotus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stipiturini" class="mw-redirect" title="Stipiturini">Stipiturini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stipiturus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stipiturus">Stipiturus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae">Melanocharitidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanocharis" title="Melanocharis">Melanocharis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedistoma" title="Oedistoma">Oedistoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhamphocharis" title="Rhamphocharis">Rhamphocharis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toxorhamphus" title="Toxorhamphus">Toxorhamphus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meliphagidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Meliphagidae">Meliphagidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthagenys" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthagenys">Acanthagenys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthorhynchus">Acanthorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthochaera" title="Anthochaera">Anthochaera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthornis" title="Anthornis">Anthornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashbyia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashbyia">Ashbyia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolemoreus" title="Bolemoreus">Bolemoreus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caligavis" title="Caligavis">Caligavis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Certhionyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Certhionyx">Certhionyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cissomela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cissomela">Cissomela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conopophila" title="Conopophila">Conopophila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Entomyzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomyzon">Entomyzon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epthianura" title="Epthianura">Epthianura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foulehaio" class="mw-redirect" title="Foulehaio">Foulehaio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gavicalis" title="Gavicalis">Gavicalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gliciphila" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliciphila">Gliciphila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glycichaera" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycichaera">Glycichaera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glycifohia" title="Glycifohia">Glycifohia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grantiella" class="mw-redirect" title="Grantiella">Grantiella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanaria">Guadalcanaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gymnomyza" title="Gymnomyza">Gymnomyza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lichenostomus" title="Lichenostomus">Lichenostomus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lichmera" title="Lichmera">Lichmera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macgregoria_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macgregoria (bird)">Macgregoria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manorina" title="Manorina">Manorina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meliarchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Meliarchus">Meliarchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melidectes" title="Melidectes">Melidectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melilestes" class="mw-redirect" title="Melilestes">Melilestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melionyx" title="Melionyx">Melionyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meliphacator" class="mw-redirect" title="Meliphacator">Meliphacator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meliphaga" title="Meliphaga">Meliphaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melipotes" title="Melipotes">Melipotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melithreptus" title="Melithreptus">Melithreptus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melitograis" class="mw-redirect" title="Melitograis">Melitograis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microptilotis" title="Microptilotis">Microptilotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myza" title="Myza">Myza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myzomela" title="Myzomela">Myzomela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nesoptilotis" title="Nesoptilotis">Nesoptilotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreornis">Oreornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plectorhyncha" class="mw-redirect" title="Plectorhyncha">Plectorhyncha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(bird)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philemon (bird)">Philemon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phylidonyris" title="Phylidonyris">Phylidonyris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptiloprora" title="Ptiloprora">Ptiloprora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptilotula" title="Ptilotula">Ptilotula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosthemadera" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosthemadera">Prosthemadera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purnella" class="mw-redirect" title="Purnella">Purnella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pycnopygius" title="Pycnopygius">Pycnopygius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramsayornis" title="Ramsayornis">Ramsayornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stomiopera" title="Stomiopera">Stomiopera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stresemannia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stresemannia">Stresemannia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sugomel" title="Sugomel">Sugomel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Territornis" title="Territornis">Territornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeliopsis" title="Timeliopsis">Timeliopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trichodere" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichodere">Trichodere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vosea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vosea">Vosea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthotis" title="Xanthotis">Xanthotis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menuridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Menuridae">Menuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Menura" class="mw-redirect" title="Menura">Menura</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Notiomystidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Notiomystidae">Notiomystidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Notiomystis" class="mw-redirect" title="Notiomystis">Notiomystis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthonychidae" title="Orthonychidae">Orthonychidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthonyx">Orthonyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Palaeoscinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeoscinidae">Palaeoscinidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoscinis" title="Palaeoscinis">Palaeoscinis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pardalotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pardalotidae">Pardalotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardalotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pardalotus">Pardalotus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomatostomidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomatostomidae">Pomatostomidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Garritornis" class="mw-redirect" title="Garritornis">Garritornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pomatostomus" title="Pomatostomus">Pomatostomus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ptilonorhynchidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptilonorhynchidae">Ptilonorhynchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuroedus" title="Ailuroedus">Ailuroedus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amblyornis" title="Amblyornis">Amblyornis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archboldia" title="Archboldia">Archboldia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydera" title="Chlamydera">Chlamydera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prionodura" class="mw-redirect" title="Prionodura">Prionodura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptilonorhynchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptilonorhynchus">Ptilonorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scenopoeetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenopoeetes">Scenopoeetes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sericuloides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sericuloides (page does not exist)">Sericuloides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sericulus" title="Sericulus">Sericulus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corvides" title="Corvides">Corvides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Corvides" title="Template:Corvides">Corvides</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passerida" title="Passerida">Passerida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Passerida" title="Template:Passerida">Passerida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2534" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2534" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pittidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217472" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q217472">Q217472</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pittidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pittidae">Pittidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Pittidae">Pittidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=95539">95539</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/625P2">625P2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1621">1621</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PITTF">1PITTF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9334">9334</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/14373">14373</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=108521">108521</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=178274">178274</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9161">9161</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=44873">44873</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=99141">99141</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1034722">1034722</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox698" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217472#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="pitovití"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph589561&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550809905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitta&oldid=1269415454">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitta&oldid=1269415454</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pittas" title="Category:Pittas">Pittas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Latin-language_sources_(la)" title="Category:CS1 Latin-language sources (la)">CS1 Latin-language sources (la)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 January 2025, at 15:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitta&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pitta</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>50 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-fd9f956dc-bczbm","wgBackendResponseTime":137,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.167","walltime":"1.470","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12378,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":337705,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10004,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":215514,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":15,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1238.678 1 -total"," 26.15% 323.889 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.89% 246.409 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 11.25% 139.309 25 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.92% 135.306 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 10.37% 128.470 12 Template:Cite_book"," 9.71% 120.235 8 Template:Clade"," 9.06% 112.254 1 Template:Passeriformes"," 8.85% 109.613 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 7.57% 93.729 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.812","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10611689,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBangStanley_Cobb1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeddard,_Frank_E.1898\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBock1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonaldAratrakornWin_HtunEames2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDutsonNewman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards1764\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliot,_Daniel_Giraud1895\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErritzoe2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErritzoe2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErritzoeErritzoe1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillDonsker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrettonKohlerLansdownPankhurst1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrrlScientist2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGulson-CastilloDreelinFernandez-DuqueGreig2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigginsPeterSteele2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrestedt,_M.Ohlson,_J.I.Zuccon,_D.Källersjö,_M.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrestedtFabreBatalha-FilhoJønsson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinYao,_Cheng-TePei-Fen_Lee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinnaeus1766\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLokKhor,_K.Lim,_K.R._Subaraj2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayr1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyleChesserPrumSchikler2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeganHruskaM._Hite2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrumBervDornburgField2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRheindtJames_Easton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchodde,_R.Mason,_I.J.1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelvattiGalvãoPereiraPedreira_Gonzaga2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepherdEatonSerene2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrickland1844\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVieillot1816\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhistler,_H.1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehead,_John1893\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoinarskiA._FisherK._BrennanI._Morris1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodall1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmerman1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmermanNoske2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmermannNoske2003\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Automatic taxobox\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Clade\"] = 8,\n [\"Cladogram\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Passeriformes\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Taxonbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikispecies\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-679bf888dd-pvpjz","timestamp":"20250225123912","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pitta","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitta","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q217472","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q217472","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-09T16:28:52Z","dateModified":"2025-01-14T15:25:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ae\/Pitta_sordida_-_Sri_Phang_Nga.jpg","headline":"family of birds"}</script> </body> </html>