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Xemeneia solar - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Xemeneia+solar" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descripció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descripció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descripció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torre_freda_amb_corrent_descendent_passiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torre_freda_amb_corrent_descendent_passiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Torre freda amb corrent descendent passiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torre_freda_amb_corrent_descendent_passiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xemeneia solar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 12 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مدخنة شمسية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدخنة شمسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solar chimney" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimenea_solar" title="Chimenea solar - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chimenea solar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B4_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دودکش خورشیدی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودکش خورشیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%C3%A9e_solaire" title="Cheminée solaire - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cheminée solaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="सौर चिम्नी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सौर चिम्नी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_dimnjak" title="Sunčev dimnjak - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sunčev dimnjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komin_s%C5%82oneczny" title="Komin słoneczny - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komin słoneczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarni_dimnjak" title="Solarni dimnjak - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Solarni dimnjak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C3%A1rny_kom%C3%ADn" title="Solárny komín - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Solárny komín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Соларни димњак - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Соларни димњак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD%E7%85%99%E5%9B%AA" title="太陽能煙囪 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太陽能煙囪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2962572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xemeneia_solar" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xemeneia_solar"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xemeneia_solar"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Xemeneia_solar" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Xemeneia_solar" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;oldid=33942863" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Xemeneia_solar&amp;id=33942863&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXemeneia_solar"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXemeneia_solar"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Xemeneia+solar"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solar_chimneys" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2962572" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-style" style="" data-severity="1"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/35px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/53px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/70px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Aquest article o secció necessita millorar una <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Traduccions" title="Viquipèdia:Traduccions">traducció</a> deficient</b>.<br /><span style="font-size:90%;" class="hide-when-compact">Podeu col·laborar-hi si coneixeu prou la llengua d'origen. També podeu <a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Xemeneia_solar&amp;veaction=edit&amp;preloadtitle=Millorar+la+traducci%C3%B3&amp;section=new&amp;preload=Plantilla:Millorar_traducció/preload&amp;preloadparams%5b%5d=%3E">iniciar un fil de discussió</a> per consultar com es pot millorar. Elimineu aquest avís si creieu que està solucionat raonablement.</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg/220px-Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg/330px-Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg/440px-Casa_solar_La_Plata-exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>La casa solar de la Plata integra estratègies de disseny per minimitzar l'ús d'energia en <a href="/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC">climatització</a>. Tales com: murs d'aigua, <a href="/wiki/Panell_solar_t%C3%A8rmic" title="Panell solar tèrmic">aigua calenta solar</a>, aïllament tèrmic, ventilació creuada, ventilació selectiva, <a href="/wiki/Protecci%C3%B3_solar" title="Protecció solar">protecció solar</a>, sostre ventilat, xemeneia solar, assecat solar de roba, refrescamiento solar. Projecte: Elías Rosenfeld, Del Cueto i Brusasco (1980)</figcaption></figure> <p>Una <b>xemeneia solar</b> - coneguda també com a <i>xemeneia termal</i> - és una manera de millorar la ventilació natural d'edificis usant la <a href="/wiki/Convecci%C3%B3" title="Convecció">convecció</a> de l'aire escalfat per <a href="/wiki/Energia_solar" title="Energia solar">energia solar</a> passiva. </p><p>Una descripció simple d'una xemeneia solar, és la d'un eix vertical que utilitza <a href="/wiki/Energia_solar" title="Energia solar">energia solar</a> per realçar la ventilació natural de l'apilat de pisos en un <a href="/wiki/Edifici" title="Edifici">edifici</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripció"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3"></span>Descripció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chimenea_solar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chimenea_solar.png/220px-Chimenea_solar.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chimenea_solar.png/330px-Chimenea_solar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chimenea_solar.png/440px-Chimenea_solar.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Aquesta xemeneia solar permet la circulació de l'aire a través d'un bescanviador de calor geotèrmica per proveir refrescamiento passiu a una casa.</figcaption></figure> <p>En la seva forma més simple, una xemeneia solar consisteix en una <a href="/wiki/Xemeneia" title="Xemeneia">xemeneia</a> pintada de negre. Durant el dia l'energia solar escalfa la xemeneia i l'aire dins d'ella, creant un corrent d'aire ascendent en la xemeneia. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Succi%C3%B3" title="Succió">succió</a> creada a la base de la xemeneia es pot utilitzar per ventilar i per refrescar l'edifici. </p><p>En bona part del món és més simple aprofitar els vents predominants del lloc, però en dies de calma i calents aquest tipus de xemeneia pot proporcionar la ventilació on d'una altra manera no hi hauria cap. </p><p>Hi ha no obstant això un nombre de variacions solars de la xemeneia. Els elements bàsics del disseny d'una xemeneia solar són: </p> <ul><li>L'àrea del col·lector solar: Aquesta superfície es pot situar en la part superior de la xemeneia o pot incloure l'eix del tir sencer.</li> <li>L'orientació, el tipus de pintura, l'aïllament i les característiques tèrmiques d'aquest element són crucials per captar, conservar i utilitzar l'energia solar.</li> <li>L'eix principal de la ventilació: La localització, l'altura, la secció representativa i les característiques tèrmiques d'aquesta estructura són també molt importants.</li> <li>Els orificis d'entrada i sortida: Les dimensions, localització així com aspectes aerodinàmics d'aquests elements són també significatius en el rendiment.</li></ul> <p>Aprofitant el mateix principi de funcionament s'han proposat sistemes de generació solar elèctrica amb un gran <a href="/wiki/Hivernacle" title="Hivernacle">hivernacle</a> a la base per escalfar l'aire que després puja a gran velocitat per una alta xemeneia on se situen els <a href="/wiki/Aerogenerador" title="Aerogenerador">aerogeneradors</a>. També se lai denomina fàbrica ciclònica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torre_freda_amb_corrent_descendent_passiu">Torre freda amb corrent descendent passiu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Torre freda amb corrent descendent passiu"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG/220px-Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG/330px-Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG/440px-Zion_Visitors_Center_Cool_Tower.PNG 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Torre fregeixi del Centre de visitants del Parc nacional Zion, proveït d'aire condicionat passiu.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png/220px-Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png/330px-Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png/440px-Corte_casa_solar_la_plata.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Esquema de funcionament del sistema de refrescamiento passiu de la casa solar en <a href="/wiki/La_Plata_(ciutat_de_l%27Argentina)" title="La Plata (ciutat de l&#39;Argentina)">La Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. Sistema xemeneia solar + sostre solar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Una tecnologia relacionada de prop amb la xemeneia solar és la torre de refredament evaporadora per corrent descendent. En àrees amb un clima calent i àrid, aquest sistema pot contribuir a proporcionar aire condicionat sostenible als edificis. </p><p>Nacional d'Energies Renovables dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy">NREL</a>).<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nrel.gov">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desenvolupament_sostenible" title="Desenvolupament sostenible">Desenvolupament sostenible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efecte_lotus" title="Efecte lotus">Efecte lotus</a></li> <li>Arquitectura sostenible</li> <li>Paisatge sostenible <ul><li>Ambient natural</li></ul></li> <li>Arquitectura orgànica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_bioclim%C3%A0tica" title="Arquitectura bioclimàtica">Arquitectura bioclimàtica</a> <ul><li>Casa passiva <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmagatzematge_d%27energia_t%C3%A8rmica" title="Emmagatzematge d&#39;energia tèrmica">Emmagatzematge de calor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mur_d%27aigua&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mur d&#39;aigua (encara no existeix)">Murs d'aigua</a></li> <li>Mur Trombe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captador_de_vent" title="Captador de vent">Captador de vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_de_vents" class="mw-redirect" title="Torre de vents">Torre de vents</a></li></ul></li> <li>Casa energia plus</li> <li>Edifici baixa energia</li> <li>Edifici energia zero</li> <li>Edifici energèticament eficient</li></ul></li> <li>Llista d'edificis solars pioners <ul><li>Super-aïllament</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADndrome_de_l%27edifici_malalt" title="Síndrome de l&#39;edifici malalt">Síndrome de l'edifici malalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instal%C2%B7laci%C3%B3_constructiva" title="Instal·lació constructiva">Instal·lacions dels edificis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energia_renovable" title="Energia renovable">Energies renovables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_solar" title="Energia solar">Energia solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_e%C3%B2lica" title="Energia eòlica">Energia eòlica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_d%27ariet" title="Bomba d&#39;ariet">Ariet hidràulic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xemeneia_solar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bansal, N. K.; Rajesh Mathur &amp; M. S. Bhandari (July 1993). <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBansal1993"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bansal</span>, N. K.;&#32;Rajesh Mathur &amp; M. S. Bhandari&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406223314/http://eprint.iitd.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/2074/2258/1/bansalsol93.pdf">Solar chimney for enhanced stack ventilation</a>».&#32;<i>Building and Environment</i>,&#32;28,&#32;3,&#32;7-1993,&#32;pàg.&#160;373-377. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprint.iitd.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/2074/2258/1/bansalsol93.pdf">original</a> el 2016-04-06. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0360-1323%2893%2990042-2">10.1016/0360-1323(93)90042-2</a>&#32;[Consulta: 13 març 2007].</span></li> <li>Afonso, Clito; Oliveira, Armant (June 2000). <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAfonso2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Afonso</span>, Clito;&#32;Oliveira, Armando&#32;«Solar chimneys: Simulation and experiment».&#32;<i>Energy and Buildings</i>,&#32;32,&#32;1,&#32;6-2000,&#32;pàg.&#160;71-79. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-7788%2899%2900038-9">10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00038-9</a>. ISSN 0378-7788&#32;[Consulta: 10 març 2007].</span></li> <li>Szikra, Csaba (April 2004). <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSzikra2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Szikra</span>, Csaba.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818140107/http://www.europeangreencities.com/pdf/activities/ConfApr2004/15.pdf">Hybrid ventilation systems</a>»,&#32;01-04-2004. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeangreencities.com/pdf/activities/ConfApr2004/15.pdf">original</a> el 2006-08-18.&#32;[Consulta: 10 març 2007].</span></li> <li>Pearlmutter, D.; I. Erell, I. Etzion, I. A. Meir, H. Di (March 1996). <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPearlmutter1996"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pearlmutter</span>, D.;&#32;E. Erell, Y. Etzion, I. A. Meir, H. Di&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070409120702/http://www.bgu.ac.il/CDAUP/evaporative/evapo1.html">Refining the use of evaporation in an experimental down-draft cool tower</a>».&#32;<i>Energy and Buildings</i>,&#32;23,&#32;3,&#32;3-1996,&#32;pàg.&#160;191-197. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgu.ac.il/CDAUP/evaporative/evapo1.html">original</a> el 2007-04-09. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-7788%2895%2900944-2">10.1016/0378-7788(95)00944-2</a>&#32;[Consulta: 13 març 2007].</span></li> <li>Dai, I. J.; K. Sumathy, R. Z. Wang, and I. G. Li (January 2003). <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDai2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dai</span>, Y. J.;&#32;K. Sumathy, R. Z. Wang, and Y. G. Li&#32;«Enhancement of natural ventilation in a solar house with a solar chimney and a solid adsorption cooling cavity».&#32;<i>Solar Energy</i>,&#32;74,&#32;1,&#32;1-2003,&#32;pàg.&#160;65-75. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0038-092X%2803%2900106-3">10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00106-3</a>&#32;[Consulta: 14&#160;març 2007].</span></li> <li>Czajkowski, Jorge i Gómez, Analía. 1994. Disseny bioclimàtic i economia energètica edilicia. Fonaments i mètodes. Ed. UNLP, Col·lecció Càtedra. La Plata, Argentina.</li> <li>Publicacions científiques cronològiques sobre xemeneies solars <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.torre-solar.es/publicaciones-cientificas-cs.php?PHPSESSID=b098cd5efce769298b98edea11b35ef8">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130611030158/http://torre-solar.es/publicaciones-cientificas-cs.php">Arxivat</a> 2013-06-11 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐85db4f49b5‐558sm Cached time: 20241113223215 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.087 seconds Real time usage: 0.561 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1472/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12737/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5168/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 118/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1097464/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 78.428 1 -total 66.21% 51.929 4 Plantilla:Ref-publicació 40.78% 31.985 5 Plantilla:If_both 16.52% 12.959 1 Plantilla:Ref-web 9.32% 7.309 1 Plantilla:Millorar_traducció 7.31% 5.736 1 Plantilla:Webarchive 5.23% 4.102 1 Plantilla:Metacaixa_d'avís_article 3.20% 2.512 1 Plantilla:Data_consulta --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:idhash:1444609-0!canonical and timestamp 20241113223215 and revision id 33942863. 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