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Features - Longreads
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https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Letter-From-Manhattan-2_-C.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2025/01/21/expat-identity-china-thomas-dai/" rel="bookmark">Letter from Manhattan 2 </a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> On trying to be a “world citizen”—and how expat life rarely delivers on its promises. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/thomas-dai/">Thomas Dai</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-21T07:00:00">January 21, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-03T12:34:39-04:00">February 3, 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> <article data-post-id="233683" class="tag-daughters tag-fathers tag-music tag-valerie-argentina-calvo tag-violence category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2025/01/16/the-charango/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="The Charango" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/CharangoVAC.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2025/01/16/the-charango/" rel="bookmark">The Charango</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> On the devastating power of music and violence. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/valerie-argentina-calvo/">Valerie Argentina Calvo</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-16T05:00:00">January 16, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-14T10:41:40-04:00">January 14, 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> <article data-post-id="233303" class="tag-bank-robbery tag-identical-twins tag-the-atavist tag-true-crime tag-twins category-feature category-nonfiction type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2025/01/09/twin-bandits-robbers-atavist-magazine/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="800" height="600" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-medium size-newspack-article-block-landscape-medium wp-post-image" alt="The Twin Bandits" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/twin-bandits.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2025/01/09/twin-bandits-robbers-atavist-magazine/" rel="bookmark">The Twin Bandits</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> “The police couldn’t figure out how the perpetrator ripped off two banks at the same time. Until they discovered there wasn’t just one robber but a pair of them: identical twin brothers.” </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/longreadseditors/">Longreads</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-09T07:00:00">January 9, 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-09T12:52:33-04:00">January 9, 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div><div class="wp-block-group has-background" style="background-color:#f7f7f7"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><div style="height:8px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:8%"></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:150px"><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?w=80&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-157520" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?w=320&ssl=1 320w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/members-logo.png?resize=100%2C100&ssl=1 100w, 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tag-places-journal tag-plough tag-the-appeal tag-the-baffler tag-tyler-harper category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/20/best-of-2024-the-stories-you-missed/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Best of 2024: The Stories You Missed" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TEMPLATE-Circle-logo-with-black-background-copy-3-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/20/best-of-2024-the-stories-you-missed/" rel="bookmark">Best of 2024: The Stories You Missed</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> It’s been a busy year: Here are some noteworthy pieces that may have passed you by. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/longreadseditors/">Longreads</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-20T04:00:00">December 20, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-16T20:17:18-04:00">December 16, 2024</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha show-image image-aligntop ts-3 is-3 is-landscape has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="101826"> <article data-post-id="231881" class="tag-best-of-2024 tag-number-five-stories category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/19/best-of-2024-all-our-number-five-story-picks/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Best of 2024: All Our Number Five Story Picks" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Fives-2024C.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/19/best-of-2024-all-our-number-five-story-picks/" rel="bookmark">Best of 2024: All Our Number Five Story Picks</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> Every story that appeared in the number five slot in our Weekly Top 5, all in one place. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/longreadseditors/">Longreads</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-19T05:00:00">December 19, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-20T16:45:01-04:00">December 20, 2024</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha is-grid columns-3 colgap-3 show-image image-aligntop ts-3 is-3 is-landscape has-text-align-left has-more-button" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="101826"> <article data-post-id="231869" class="tag-best-of-2024 tag-number-one-stories category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/18/best-of-2024-all-our-number-one-story-picks/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Best of 2024: All Our Number One Story Picks" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/All-Our-Number-Ones-2024-RT.png?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/18/best-of-2024-all-our-number-one-story-picks/" rel="bookmark">Best of 2024: All Our Number One Story Picks</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> Every story that appeared in the number one slot in our Weekly Top 5, all in one place. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/longreadseditors/">Longreads</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-18T05:00:00">December 18, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-20T16:43:22-04:00">December 20, 2024</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> <article data-post-id="232573" class="tag-best-of-2024 tag-beth-raymer tag-esquire tag-gary-shteyngart tag-heidi-blake tag-kerry-howley tag-leslie-jamison tag-luke-winkie tag-mary-h-k-choi tag-new-york tag-patrick-radden-keefe tag-peter-holley tag-slate tag-texas-monthly tag-the-atlantic tag-the-cut tag-the-new-yorker category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/17/the-most-popular-editors-picks-of-the-year/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Best of 2024: The Most Popular Editors’ Picks of the Year" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/longreads.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Audience-Awards-image.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure><!-- .featured-image --> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/17/the-most-popular-editors-picks-of-the-year/" rel="bookmark">Best of 2024: The Most Popular Editors’ Picks of the Year</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> Our readership has spoken! This list compiles the most-viewed stories we recommended in 2024. </div> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="byline"> <span class="author-prefix">by</span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://longreads.com/author/longreadseditors/">Longreads</a></span> </span><!-- .author-name --> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-17T04:00:00">December 17, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-17T14:06:16-04:00">December 17, 2024</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> <article data-post-id="232304" class="tag-andrew-chapman tag-best-of-2024 tag-devin-kelly tag-elizabeth-friend tag-emily-latimer tag-jonah-walters tag-krista-diamond tag-leyton-cassidy tag-lisa-bubert tag-maggie-slepian category-feature type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://longreads.com/2024/12/16/top-10-most-popular-originals/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" 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