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class="mw-page-title-main">Psychoanalysis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psigoanalise" title="Psigoanalise – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Psigoanalise" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyse" title="Psychoanalyse – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Psychoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="تحليل نفسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحليل نفسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="মনোবিশ্লেষণ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মনোবিশ্লেষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicoan%C3%A1lisis" title="Sicoanálisis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sicoanálisis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andureko_resa%27%E1%BB%B9ijo" title="Andureko resa'ỹijo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Andureko resa'ỹijo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psixoanaliz" title="Psixoanaliz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Psixoanaliz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="سایکوآنالیتیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سایکوآنالیتیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-s%C3%AEn-hun-sek" title="Cheng-sîn-hun-sek – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-sîn-hun-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Псіхааналіз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Псіхааналіз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Псыхааналіз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Псыхааналіз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Психоанализа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Психоанализа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyse" title="Psychoanalyse – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Psychoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihoanaliza" title="Psihoanaliza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Psihoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicoan%C3%A0lisi" title="Psicoanàlisi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Psicoanàlisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanal%C3%BDza" title="Psychoanalýza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Psychoanalýza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seicdreiddiad" title="Seicdreiddiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seicdreiddiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykoanalyse" title="Psykoanalyse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Psykoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyse" title="Psychoanalyse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Psychoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ps%C3%BChhoanal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Psühhoanalüüs – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Psühhoanalüüs" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ψυχανάλυση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψυχανάλυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Psychoanalysis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicoan%C3%A1lisis" title="Psicoanálisis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Psicoanálisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalizo" title="Psikoanalizo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Psikoanalizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalisi" title="Psikoanalisi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Psikoanalisi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="روان‌کاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روان‌کاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse" title="Psychanalyse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Psychanalyse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADocanail%C3%ADs" title="Síocanailís – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Síocanailís" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psican%C3%A1lise" title="Psicanálise – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Psicanálise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%A3" title="મનોવિષ્લેષણ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મનોવિષ્લેષણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%A0%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D%ED%95%99" title="정신분석학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정신분석학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հոգեվերլուծություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոգեվերլուծություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="मनोविश्लेषण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मनोविश्लेषण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihoanaliza" title="Psihoanaliza – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Psihoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalizo" title="Psikoanalizo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Psikoanalizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalisis" title="Psikoanalisis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Psikoanalisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyse" title="Psychoanalyse – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Psychoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1lgreining" title="Sálgreining – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sálgreining" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicoanalisi" title="Psicoanalisi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Psicoanalisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%94" title="פסיכואנליזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסיכואנליזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9m_taa_taz%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಮನೋವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮನೋವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ფსიქოანალიზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფსიქოანალიზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Психоанализ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Психоанализ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saikoanalisia" title="Saikoanalisia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saikoanalisia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikanaliz" title="Sikanaliz – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sikanaliz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ps%C3%AEkoanal%C3%AEz" title="Psîkoanalîz – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Psîkoanalîz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Психоанализ – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Психоанализ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Psychoanalysis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihoanal%C4%ABze" title="Psihoanalīze – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Psihoanalīze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psichoanaliz%C4%97" title="Psichoanalizė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Psichoanalizė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicoanalixi" title="Psicoanalixi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Psicoanalixi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pszichoanal%C3%ADzis" title="Pszichoanalízis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pszichoanalízis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Психоанализа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Психоанализа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മാനസികാപഗ്രഥനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാനസികാപഗ്രഥനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%89" title="تحليل نفسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تحليل نفسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="روان کاوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روان کاوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalisis" title="Psikoanalisis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Psikoanalisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Психоанализ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Психоанализ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="စိတ်ခွဲခြားစိစစ်ရေးပညာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စိတ်ခွဲခြားစိစစ်ရေးပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalyse" title="Psychoanalyse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Psychoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="精神分析学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykoanalyse" title="Psykoanalyse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Psykoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykoanalyse" title="Psykoanalyse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Psykoanalyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicanalisi" title="Psicanalisi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Psicanalisi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psixoanaliz" title="Psixoanaliz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Psixoanaliz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A3" title="ਮਨੋਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੋਵਿਸ਼ਲੇਸ਼ਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82" title="ចិត្តវិភាគ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចិត្តវិភាគ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saikoanalisis" title="Saikoanalisis – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saikoanalisis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanaliza" title="Psychoanaliza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Psychoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psican%C3%A1lise" title="Psicanálise – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Psicanálise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihanaliz%C4%83" title="Psihanaliză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Psihanaliză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikuanalisis" title="Sikuanalisis – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sikuanalisis" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Психоанализ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Психоанализ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanaliza" title="Psikoanaliza – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Psikoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicanalisi" title="Psicanalisi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Psicanalisi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="මනෝ විශ්ලේෂණවාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මනෝ විශ්ලේෂණවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanal%C3%BDza" title="Psychoanalýza – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Psychoanalýza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihoanaliza" title="Psihoanaliza – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Psihoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سایکۆئانالیز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سایکۆئانالیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Психоанализа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Психоанализа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psihoanaliza" title="Psihoanaliza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Psihoanaliza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykoanalyysi" title="Psykoanalyysi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Psykoanalyysi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psykoanalys" title="Psykoanalys – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Psykoanalys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikoanalisis" title="Sikoanalisis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sikoanalisis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="உளநிலைப் பகுப்பாய்வு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உளநிலைப் பகுப்பாய்வு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A3" title="మనో వైజ్ఞానిక విశ్లేషణ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మనో వైజ్ఞానిక విశ్లేషణ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="จิตวิเคราะห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิตวิเคราะห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikanaliz" title="Psikanaliz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Psikanaliz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Психоаналіз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Психоаналіз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%81" title="نفسیاتی تجزیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نفسیاتی تجزیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_t%C3%A2m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phân tâm học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân tâm học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoanalisis" title="Psikoanalisis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Psikoanalisis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="精神分析学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="心理分析 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="心理分析" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="精神分析学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psikoponorindakan" title="Psikoponorindakan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg/300px-Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg/450px-Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg/600px-Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Front row: <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G._Stanley_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. Stanley Hall (not yet started)">G. Stanley Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>; Back row: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_A._Brill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham A. Brill (not yet started)">Abraham A. Brill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Jones (not yet started)">Ernest Jones</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1ndor_Ferenczi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sándor Ferenczi (not yet started)">Sándor Ferenczi</a>, at: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark University (not yet started)">Clark University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg/230px-Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg/345px-Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg/460px-Sigmund_en_Anna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Freud and his daughter Anna, 1913</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Psychoanalysis</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Field_of_study" title="Field of study">field</a> of <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">medical therapy</a>. It is a set of <a href="/wiki/Theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Theories">theories</a> and ways of treating <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a>. It was started in the early 1890s by the Austrian psychologist <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with experience from the clinical work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Breuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Breuer (not yet started)">Josef Breuer</a> and others. </p><p>Since then, psychoanalysis has expanded and been revised, reformed and developed in different ways. Freud's own colleagues and students, such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Adler" title="Alfred Adler">Alfred Adler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>, had their own ideas. They went on to develop their ideas independently from Freud. Much later, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Freud" title="Anna Freud">Anna Freud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Klein" title="Melanie Klein">Melanie Klein</a> used the ideas to treat troubled children. </p><p>The basic ideas of psychoanalysis are:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>besides inherited <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a>, a person's development is determined by events in early childhood;</li> <li>human behavior, experience, and thought is largely influenced by <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> irrational <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drive_(psychology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drive (psychology) (not yet started)">drives</a>;</li> <li>attempts to bring these drives into awareness is resisted by <a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanism">defence mechanisms</a>;</li> <li>conflicts between conscious and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such as <a href="/wiki/Neurosis" title="Neurosis">neurosis</a>, neurotic traits, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, etc.;</li> <li>liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved by bringing this material into the conscious mind (e.g. by the skilled guidance of the analyst.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_unconscious_mind">The unconscious mind</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: The unconscious mind" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: The unconscious mind"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes people cannot say why they are feeling the way they feel or acting the way they act. What causes the feelings and actions is called the <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious mind</a> in psychodynamic theory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Different_methods">Different methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Different methods" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Different methods"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the broad umbrella of "psychoanalysis" there are at least 22 different approaches to the theory and clinical treatment. The term also refers to a method of studying <a href="/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">child development</a>. </p><p>Freudian psychoanalysis uses a type of treatment where the subject (analytic patient) talks, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free association (not yet started)">free associations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">dreams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From these the analyst works out the unconscious conflicts which cause the patient's symptoms and character problems. By interpreting them for the patient, the analyst creates <a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">insight</a> into the problems. The analyst identifies and clarifies the patient's pathological <a href="/wiki/Defence_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence mechanism">defences</a>, wishes and <a href="/wiki/Guilt_(emotion)" title="Guilt (emotion)">guilt</a>. </p><p>Psychoanalysis has been criticized on many fronts. It has been called a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>, and lacking in <a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">empirical</a> support.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it remains influential within psychiatry, more so in some quarters than others.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychoanalysis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud S. 1940. <i>An outline of psychoanalysis</i>. (The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, volume XXIII)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, Sigmund 1922. <i>Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis: a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at eh University of Vienna</i>. Authorised English translation by Joan Riviere with a Preface by Ernest Jones. London: Allen & Unwin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erich Fromm 1992. <i>The revision of psychoanalysis</i>, p13/14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, Sigmend. 1913. <i>The interpretation of dreams</i>. Authorised translation of third edition with introduction by A.A. Brill. London: George Allen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, Seymour, Greenberg Roger P. 1996. <i>Freud scientifically reappraised: testing the theories and therapy</i>. New York: John Wiley.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Popper KR, "Science: conjectures and refutations", reprinted in Grim P. 1990. <i>Philosophy of science and the occult</i>, Albany, pp. 104–110. See also Popper's <i>Conjectures and Refutations</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Webster, Richard 1996. <i>Why Freud was wrong: sin, science and psychoanalysis</i>. London: Harper Collins.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gellner, Ernest, <i>The psychoanalytic movement: the cunning of unreason, a critical view of Freudian theory</i>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8101-1370-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8101-1370-8">0-8101-1370-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sadock, Benjamin J. and Sadock, Virginia A. 2007. <i>Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry</i>. 10th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michels, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/a.php?id=24">"Psychoanalysis and psychiatry: a changing relationship"</a>, American Mental Health Foundation.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Case_study&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case study (not yet started)">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Content_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Content analysis (not yet started)">Content analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_subject_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human subject research (not yet started)">Human subject research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interview_(research)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interview (research) (not yet started)">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuroimaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuroimaging (not yet started)">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychophysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychophysics (not yet started)">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qualitative_psychological_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qualitative psychological research (not yet started)">Qualitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantitative_psychological_research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantitative psychological research (not yet started)">Quantitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-report_inventory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-report inventory (not yet started)">Self-report inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_methodology" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey methodology">Statistical surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychologists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychologists (not yet started)">Psychologists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a> (d. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> (d. 1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (d. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> (d. 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a> (d. 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> (d. 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a> (d. 1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_L._Hull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark L. Hull (not yet started)">Clark L. Hull</a> (d. 1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Lewin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Lewin (not yet started)">Kurt Lewin</a> (d. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> (d. 1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Allport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Allport (not yet started)">Gordon Allport</a> (d. 1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._P._Guilford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. P. Guilford (not yet started)">J. P. Guilford</a> (d. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a> (d. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Erikson" title="Erik Erikson">Erik Erikson</a> (d. 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a> (d. 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a> (d. 1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Hilgard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Hilgard (not yet started)">Ernest Hilgard</a> (d. 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a> (d. 1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Cattell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Cattell (not yet started)">Raymond Cattell</a> (d. 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a> (d. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neal_E._Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal E. Miller (not yet started)">Neal E. Miller</a> (d. 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a> (d. 2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_T._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald T. Campbell (not yet started)">Donald T. Campbell</a> (d. 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eysenck" title="Hans Eysenck">Hans Eysenck</a> (d. 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> (d. 2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_McClelland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David McClelland (not yet started)">David McClelland</a> (d. 1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Festinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Festinger (not yet started)">Leon Festinger</a> (d. 1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a> (d. 2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Lazarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Lazarus (not yet started)">Richard Lazarus</a> (d. 2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Schachter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Schachter (not yet started)">Stanley Schachter</a> (d. 1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zajonc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Zajonc (not yet started)">Robert Zajonc</a> (d. 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a> (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Brown_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Brown (psychologist) (not yet started)">Roger Brown</a> (1925–1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endel_Tulving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endel Tulving (not yet started)">Endel Tulving</a> (b. 1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a> (d. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> (b. 1928)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulric_Neisser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulric Neisser (not yet started)">Ulric Neisser</a> (d. 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kagan" title="Jerome Kagan">Jerome Kagan</a> (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mischel" title="Walter Mischel">Walter Mischel</a> (d. 2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliot_Aronson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliot Aronson (not yet started)">Elliot Aronson</a> (b. 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a> (b. 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ekman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ekman (not yet started)">Paul Ekman</a> (b. 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Posner_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Posner (psychologist) (not yet started)">Michael Posner</a> (b. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Tversky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Tversky (not yet started)">Amos Tversky</a> (d. 1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_McEwen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce McEwen (not yet started)">Bruce McEwen</a> (d. 2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Squire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry Squire (not yet started)">Larry Squire</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_E._Nisbett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard E. Nisbett (not yet started)">Richard E. Nisbett</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Seligman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Seligman (not yet started)">Martin Seligman</a> (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Diener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Diener (not yet started)">Ed Diener</a> (d. 2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_E._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley E. Taylor (not yet started)">Shelley E. Taylor</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist) (not yet started)">John Anderson</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_C._Kessler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald C. Kessler (not yet started)">Ronald C. Kessler</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_E._LeDoux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph E. LeDoux (not yet started)">Joseph E. LeDoux</a> (b. 1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Davidson (not yet started)">Richard Davidson</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Fiske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Fiske (not yet started)">Susan Fiske</a> (b. 1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Baumeister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Baumeister (not yet started)">Roy Baumeister</a> (b. 1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Psychology_lists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Psychology lists (not yet started)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_counseling_topics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of counseling topics (not yet started)">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychology_disciplines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychology disciplines (not yet started)">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychology_organizations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychology organizations (not yet started)">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of psychology (not yet started)">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychologists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychologists (not yet started)">Psychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychotherapies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychotherapies (not yet started)">Psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychological_research_methods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychological research methods (not yet started)">Research methods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_psychological_schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of psychological schools (not yet started)">Schools of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of psychology (not yet started)">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_psychology_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of psychology articles (not yet started)">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:psychology">Wiktionary definition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:en:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:en:Psychology">Wiktionary category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Psychology">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Psychology">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Psychology">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Psychology">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Psychology">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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