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Khor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: And Sook Mei Khor"> <meta name="keywords" content="And Sook Mei Khor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="And Sook Mei Khor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 32</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: And Sook Mei Khor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Tidal Current Behaviors and Remarkable Bathymetric Change in the South-Western Part of Khor Abdullah, Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Al-Hasem">Ahmed M. Al-Hasem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study of the tidal current behavior and bathymetric changes was undertaken in order to establish an information base for future coastal management. The average velocity for tidal current was 0.46 m/s and the maximum velocity was 1.08 m/s during ebb tide. During spring tides, maximum velocities range from 0.90 m/s to 1.08 m/s, whereas maximum velocities vary from 0.40 m/s to 0.60 m/s during neap tides. Despite greater current velocities during flood tide, the bathymetric features enhance the dominance of the ebb tide. This can be related to the abundance of fine sediments from the ebb current approaching the study area, and the relatively coarser sediment from the approaching flood current. Significant bathymetric changes for the period from 1985 to 1998 were found with dominance of erosion process. Approximately 96.5% of depth changes occurred within the depth change classes of -5 m to 5 m. The high erosion processes within the study area will subsequently result in high accretion processes, particularly in the north, the location of the proposed Boubyan Port and its navigation channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathymetric%20change" title="bathymetric change">bathymetric change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boubyan%20island" title=" Boubyan island"> Boubyan island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Abdullah" title=" Khor Abdullah"> Khor Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tidal%20current%20behavior" title=" tidal current behavior"> tidal current behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74285/tidal-current-behaviors-and-remarkable-bathymetric-change-in-the-south-western-part-of-khor-abdullah-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Fabrication of a Potential Point-of-Care Device for Hemoglobin A1c: A Lateral Flow Immunosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu%20Hwang%20Ang">Shu Hwang Ang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choo%20Yee%20Yu"> Choo Yee Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geik%20Yong%20Ang"> Geik Yong Ang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yean%20Yean%20Chan"> Yean Yean Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yatimah%20Binti%20Alias"> Yatimah Binti Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=And%20Sook%20Mei%20Khor"> And Sook Mei Khor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus across the world, the morbidities and mortalities associated with Type 2 diabetes have significant impact on the production line for a nation. With routine scheduled clinical visits to manage Type 2 diabetes, diabetic patients with hectic lifestyles can have low clinical compliance. Hence, it often decreases the effectiveness of diabetic management personalized for each diabetic patient. Here, we report a useful developed point-of-care (POC) device that detect glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, biomarker for long-term Type 2 diabetic management). In fact, the established POC devices certified to be used in clinical setting are not only expensive ($ 8 to $10 per test), they also require skillful practitioners to perform sampling and interpretation. As a paper-based biosensor, the developed HbA1c biosensor utilized lateral flow principle to offer an alternative for cost-effective (approximately $2 per test) and end-user friendly device for household testing. Requiring as little as 2 L of finger-picked blood, the test can be performed at the household with just simple dilution and washings. With visual interpretation of numbers of test lines shown on the developed biosensor, it can be interpreted as easy as a urine pregnancy test, aided with scale of intensity provided. In summary, the developed HbA1c immunosensor has been tested to have high selectivity towards HbA1c, and is stable with reasonably good performance in clinical testing. Therefore, our developed HbA1c immunosensor has high potential to be an effective diabetic management tool to increase patient compliance and thus contain the progression of the diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood" title="blood">blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycated%20hemoglobin%20%28HbA1c%29" title=" glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)"> glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20flow" title=" lateral flow"> lateral flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 diabetes mellitus"> type 2 diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23344/fabrication-of-a-potential-point-of-care-device-for-hemoglobin-a1c-a-lateral-flow-immunosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Packaging Improvement for Unit Cell Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (V-RFB)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Khor">A. C. Khor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Mohamed"> M. R. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Sulaiman"> M. H. Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Daud"> M. R. Daud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Packaging for vanadium redox flow battery is one of the key elements for successful implementation of flow battery in the electrical energy storage system. Usually the bulky battery size and low energy densities make this technology not available for mobility application. Therefore RFB with improved packaging size and energy capacity are highly desirable. This paper focuses on the study of packaging improvement for unit cell V-RFB to the application on Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Two different designs of 25 cm2 and 100 cm2 unit cell V-RFB at same current density are used for the sample in this investigation. Further suggestions on packaging improvement are highlighted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redox%20flow%20battery" title=" redox flow battery"> redox flow battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging" title=" packaging"> packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10696/packaging-improvement-for-unit-cell-vanadium-redox-flow-battery-v-rfb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Novel Ti/Al-Cr-Fe Metal Matrix Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering with Excellent Wear Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruitao%20Li">Ruitao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhili%20Dong"> Zhili Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nay%20Win%20Khun"> Nay Win Khun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khiam%20Aik%20Khor"> Khiam Aik Khor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microstructure and sintering mechanism as well as wear resistance properties of Ti/Al-Cr-Fe metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) with Ti as matrix and Al-Cr-Fe as reinforcement were investigated. Phases and microstructure of the sintered samples were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear resistance properties were tested by ball-on-disk method. An Al3Ti ring forms around each Al-Cr-Fe particle as the bonding layer between Ti and Al-Cr-Fe particles. The Al content in Al-Cr-Fe particles experiences a decrease from 70 at.% to 60 at.% in the sintering process. And these particles consist of quasicrystalline icosahedral AlCrFe and quasicrystal approximants γ-brass Al8(Cr,Fe)5 and Al9(Cr,Fe)4 in the sintered compact. The addition of Al-Cr-Fe particles into the Ti matrix can improve the microhardness by about 40% and the wear resistance is improved by more than 50% due to the increase in the microhardness and the change of wear mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composites" title="metal matrix composites">metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transformation" title=" phase transformation"> phase transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410/novel-tial-cr-fe-metal-matrix-composites-prepared-by-spark-plasma-sintering-with-excellent-wear-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Preliminary Investigation of Hospital Buildings Maintenance Management in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christtestimony%20Oluwafemi%20Jesumoroti">Christtestimony Oluwafemi Jesumoroti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AbdulLateef%20Ashola%20Olanrewaju"> AbdulLateef Ashola Olanrewaju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Soo%20Cheen"> Khor Soo Cheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The worth of buildings is known by the quality of the maintenance imbibe in them. Maintenance management being carried out in the hospitals has a direct impact on the performance of the hospital buildings, environment, and sustainable infrastructure, and as such, there is a need to give it adequate attention. The media and reports on hospital buildings maintenance management in Malaysia were not favorable. Hospital buildings in Malaysia need to have proper structure for maintenance management and sustainability as this will enhance the good infrastructure for users and the entire nation. The paper reports the preliminary results of the determinants of maintenance in hospital buildings. To achieve the aim of this research, a survey questionnaire was administered to the users of the hospital buildings. The findings of the study revealed that there are lack of maintenance standard, use of poor quality components and materials, Improper response time, Poor complaint reporting system. Hence, the influent of rework, thorough responsibilities of quality performance of hospital buildings, and others are the results of the investigations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20infrastructure" title="sustainable infrastructure">sustainable infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20performance" title=" optimum performance"> optimum performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20performance%20indicators" title=" key performance indicators"> key performance indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20policies" title=" maintenance policies"> maintenance policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131048/preliminary-investigation-of-hospital-buildings-maintenance-management-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Daily Dietary Intake and Cognitive Functioning among Population in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Khai%20Ling">Khor Khai Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vashnarekha%20A%2FP%20Kumarasuriar"> Vashnarekha A/P Kumarasuriar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Kok%20Wei"> Tan Kok Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ooi%20Pei%20Boon"> Ooi Pei Boon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The food pyramid had been stressed for years and used to promote a healthy diet. Recently, the Ministry of Health in Malaysia has changed the food pyramid structure. They moved fruits and vegetables to the bottom layer and encouraged citizens to consume more fruits and vegetables. Past research has shown that the amount of vegetables and fruits consumption has associated with cognitive health. However, Malaysians have yet to achieve the amount of fruit and vegetable intake as per recommendation. Thus, this study aims to investigate Malaysian’s habitual diet and cognitive functioning via a cross-sectional study. One hundred and ninety-three participants will be recruited via convenient sampling. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) measures the habitual diet, and an online cognitive test measures attention, executive functioning, and memory objectively. The collected one hundred samples to the date of abstract submission, and the data collection is still in progress. This study will provide an insight to Malaysian about the diet pattern and its relationship with cognitive performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title="attention">attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive" title=" cognitive"> cognitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20functioning" title=" executive functioning"> executive functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitual%20diet" title=" habitual diet"> habitual diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140028/daily-dietary-intake-and-cognitive-functioning-among-population-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Organizational and Motivational Factor on the Acceptance of Big Data Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Ching%20Yee">Sook Ching Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Siew%20Hoong%20Lee"> Angela Siew Hoong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Big data technologies have become a trend to exploit business opportunities and provide valuable business insights through the analysis of big data. However, there are still many organizations that have yet to adopt big data technologies especially small and medium organizations (SME). This study uses the technology acceptance model (TAM) to look into several constructs in the TAM and other additional constructs which are positive affect, negative affect, organizational factor and motivational factor. The conceptual model proposed in the study will be tested on the relationship and influence of positive affect, negative affect, organizational factor and motivational factor towards the intention to use big data technologies to produce an outcome. Empirical research is used in this study by conducting a survey to collect data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20technologies" title="big data technologies">big data technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivational%20factor" title=" motivational factor"> motivational factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20affect" title=" negative affect"> negative affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20factor" title=" organizational factor"> organizational factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20affect" title=" positive affect"> positive affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20acceptance%20model%20%28TAM%29" title=" technology acceptance model (TAM)"> technology acceptance model (TAM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59434/positive-affect-negative-affect-organizational-and-motivational-factor-on-the-acceptance-of-big-data-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> The Causes and Effects of Housing Project Abandonment in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Abdullah">Abdul Aziz Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuar%20Alias"> Anuar Alias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Hooi%20Ting"> Khor Hooi Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guan%20Ngah%20Mei"> Guan Ngah Mei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major sectors which contribute significant growth to socio-economic development is the construction and development industry. This industry is most badly hurt during the 1997 and 2008 economic crisis thus causing many government and private projects to be deferred and abandoned. The purpose of this study is to examine the causes and effects of housing project abandonment in Malaysia. This objective is achieved through rigorous review of literatures and documents related to housing and abandoned housing project. The finding revealed there are several causes of housing project abandonment. The significant causes are: economic recession, inadequacy of finance, poor marketing and sales strategies, technical problems faced during construction, problems caused by compensations demanded by squatters for resettlement, insolvency of contractor, cost overrun and currency fluctuation amongst others. However the alarming effect of housing project is: house buyers of abandoned project have the monthly payment although the house is delivered to house buy. In other case house buyers have to entangle in many legal action with the financial institution. This finding provides the various ministries in the Government some insights on real causes and effects of abandoned project. Perhaps this finding can enhance the current solution the Ministry of Housing Local Government on addressing the prevailing issue of reviving existing abandoned project in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abandoned%20project" title="abandoned project">abandoned project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abandonment" title=" abandonment"> abandonment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20project" title=" housing project"> housing project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ministry%20of%20housing%20and%20local%20government" title=" ministry of housing and local government"> ministry of housing and local government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes%20and%20effect" title=" causes and effect"> causes and effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22620/the-causes-and-effects-of-housing-project-abandonment-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Effect of Multilayered MnBi Films on Magnetic and Microstructural Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Sook%20Lee">Hyun-Sook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongjae%20Moon"> Hongjae Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwaebong%20Jung"> Hwaebong Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumin%20Kim"> Sumin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wooyoung%20Lee"> Wooyoung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-temperature phase (LTP) of MnBi has attracted much attention because it has a larger coercivity than that of Nd-Fe-B at high temperature, which gives high potential as a permanent magnet material that can be used at such high temperature. We present variation in magnetic properties of MnBi films by controlling the numbers of Bi/Mn bilayer. The thin films of LTP-MnBi were fabricated onto glass substrates by UHV sputtering, followed by in-situ annealing process at an optimized condition of 350 °C and 1.5 hours. The composition ratio of Bi/Mn was adjusted by varying the thickness of Bi and Mn layers. The highest value of (BH)max ~ 8.6 MGOe at room temperature was obtained in one Bi/Mn bilayer with 34 nm Bi and 16 nm Mn. To investigate the effect of Bi/Mn multilayers on the magnetic properties, we increased the numbers of Bi/Mn bilayer up to five at which the total film thicknesses of Bi and Mn were fixed with 34 nm and 16 nm. The increase of coercivity was observed up to three layers from 4.8 kOe to 15.3 kOe and then suppression was appeared. A reversed behavior was exhibited in the magnetization. We found that these were closely related to a microstructural change of LTP-MnBi and a reduction of growth rate of LTP-MnBi by analyzing XRD and TEM results. We will discuss how the multilayered MnBi affects the magnetic properties in details. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coercivity" title="coercivity">coercivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MnBi" title=" MnBi"> MnBi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20film" title=" multilayer film"> multilayer film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet" title=" permanent magnet"> permanent magnet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51229/effect-of-multilayered-mnbi-films-on-magnetic-and-microstructural-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Effect of Remifentanil on Emergence Agitation after Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children: A Meta-Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Young%20Park"> Sung Young Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae%20Hee%20Kim"> Dae Hee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Bum%20Joe"> Han Bum Joe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Young%20Yoo"> Ji Young Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Bum%20Choi"> Jong Bum Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emergence agitation (EA) is commonly reported adverse events after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. The efficacy of prophylactic remifentanil, one of mu opioid agonist, in preventing EA is controversial. This meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of remifentanil to decrease the incidence of EA from sevoflurane anesthesia in children. We searched for randomized controlled trials comparing sevoflurane alone anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil anesthesia to prevent EA in the Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, and KoreaMed, and included 6 studies with 361 patients. The number of patients of reporting EA was summarized using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), with point estimates and 95CIs derived from a random effects Mantel-Haenszel method. Overall incidence of EA was about 41%. Compared with sevoflurane alone anesthesia, intravenous infusion of remifentanil with sevoflurane significantly reduced the incidence of EA (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39-0.73, P < 0.0001), (heterogeneity, I2 = 0, P = 0.42). This meta-analysis suggested that continuous infusion of remifentanil could be effective in decreasing the EA of about 47% after sevoflurane anesthesia. However, considering limitations of the included studies, more randomized controlled studies are required to verify our results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergence%20agitation" title="emergence agitation">emergence agitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remifentanil" title=" remifentanil"> remifentanil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76607/the-effect-of-remifentanil-on-emergence-agitation-after-sevoflurane-anesthesia-in-children-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Decision Tree Analysis of Risk Factors for Intravenous Infiltration among Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon-Mi%20Park">Soon-Mi Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihn%20Sook%20Jeong"> Ihn Sook Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This retrospective study was aimed to identify risk factors of intravenous (IV) infiltration for hospitalized children. The participants were 1,174 children for test and 424 children for validation, who admitted to a general hospital, received peripheral intravenous injection therapy at least once and had complete records. Data were analyzed with frequency and percentage or mean and standard deviation were calculated, and decision tree analysis was used to screen for the most important risk factors for IV infiltration for hospitalized children. The decision tree analysis showed that the most important traditional risk factors for IV infiltration were the use of ampicillin/sulbactam, IV insertion site (lower extremities), and medical department (internal medicine) both in the test sample and validation sample. The correct classification was 92.2% in the test sample and 90.1% in the validation sample. More careful attention should be made to patients who are administered ampicillin/sulbactam, have IV site in lower extremities and have internal medical problems to prevent or detect infiltration occurrence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree%20analysis" title="decision tree analysis">decision tree analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravenous%20infiltration" title=" intravenous infiltration"> intravenous infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title=" child"> child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96898/decision-tree-analysis-of-risk-factors-for-intravenous-infiltration-among-hospitalized-children-a-retrospective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Comparison of Remifentanil EC50 for Facilitating I-Gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion with Propofol Anesthesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Bum%20Choi"> Jong Bum Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Each supraglottic airway requires different anesthetic depth because it has a specific structure and different compressive force in the oropharyngeal cavity. We designed the study to investigate remifentanil effect-site concentration (Ce) in 50% of patients (EC50) for successful insertion of i- gel, and to compare it with that for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion during propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI). Methods: Forty-one female patients were randomized to the i-gel group (n=20) or the LMA group (n=21). Anesthesia induction was performed using propofol Ce of 5 μg/ml and the predetermined remifentanil Ce, and i-gel or LMA insertion was attempted 5 min later. The remifentanil Ce was estimated by modified Dixon's up-and-down method (initial concentration: 3.0 ng/ml, step size: 0.5 ng/ml). The patient’s response to device insertion was classified as either ‘success (no movement)’ or ‘failure (movement)’. Results: Using the Dixon’s up and down method, EC50 of remifentanil Ce for i-gel (1.58 ± 0.41 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that for LMA (2.25 ± 0.55 ng/ml) (p=0.038). Using isotonic regression, EC50 (83% CI) of remifentanil in the i-gel group [1.50 (1.37-1.80) ng/ml] was statistically lower than that in the LMA group [2.00 (1.82-2.34) ng/ml]. EC95 (95% CI) of remifentanil in the i-gel group [2.38 (1.48-2.50) ng/ml] was statistically lower than that in the LMA group [3.35 (2.58-3.48) ng/ml]. Conclusion: We found that EC50 of remifentanil Ce for i-gel insertion (1.58 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that for LMA insertion (2.25 ng/ml), in female patients during propofol TCI without neuromuscular blockade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=i-gel" title="i-gel">i-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title=" laryngeal mask airway"> laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propofol" title=" propofol"> propofol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remifentanil" title=" remifentanil"> remifentanil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42987/comparison-of-remifentanil-ec50-for-facilitating-i-gel-and-laryngeal-mask-airway-insertion-with-propofol-anesthesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Detection of Intravenous Infiltration Using Impedance Parameters in Patients in a Long-Term Care Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihn%20Sook%20Jeong">Ihn Sook Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun%20Joo%20Lee"> Eun Joo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Hyung%20Kim"> Jae Hyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gun%20Ho%20Kim"> Gun Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Jun%20Hwang"> Young Jun Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated intravenous (IV) infiltration using bioelectrical impedance for 27 hospitalized patients in a long-term care hospital. Impedance parameters showed significant differences before and after infiltration as follows. First, the resistance (R) after infiltration significantly decreased compared to the initial resistance. This indicates that the IV solution flowing from the vein due to infiltration accumulates in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Second, the relative resistance at 50 kHz was 0.94 ± 0.07 in 9 subjects without infiltration and was 0.75 ± 0.12 in 18 subjects with infiltration. Third, the magnitude of the reactance (Xc) decreased after infiltration. This is because IV solution and blood components released from the vein tend to aggregate in the cell membrane (and acts analogously to the linear/parallel circuit), thereby increasing the capacitance (Cm) of the cell membrane and reducing the magnitude of reactance. Finally, the data points plotted in the R-Xc graph were distributed on the upper right before infiltration but on the lower left after infiltration. This indicates that the infiltration caused accumulation of fluid or blood components in the epidermal and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in reduced resistance and reactance, thereby lowering integrity of the cell membrane. Our findings suggest that bioelectrical impedance is an effective method for detection of infiltration in a noninvasive and quantitative manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravenous%20infiltration" title="intravenous infiltration">intravenous infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance" title=" impedance"> impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameters" title=" parameters"> parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactance" title=" reactance"> reactance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96899/detection-of-intravenous-infiltration-using-impedance-parameters-in-patients-in-a-long-term-care-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> The Comparison and Optimization of the Analytic Method for Canthaxanthin, Food Colorants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Jae%20Suh">Hee-Jae Suh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Su%20Kim"> Kyung-Su Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ji%20Kim"> Min-Ji Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeon-Seong%20Jeong"> Yeon-Seong Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ok-Hwan%20Lee"> Ok-Hwan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Wook%20Shin"> Jae-Wook Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyang-Sook%20Chun"> Hyang-Sook Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Lee"> Chan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Canthaxanthin is keto-carotenoid produced from beta-carotene and it has been approved to be used in many countries as a food coloring agent. Canthaxanthin has been analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system with various ways of pretreatment methods. Four official methods for verification of canthaxanthin at FSA (UK), AOAC (US), EFSA (EU) and MHLW (Japan) were compared to improve its analytical and the pretreatment method. The Linearity, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), the accuracy, the precision and the recovery ratio were determined from each method with modification in pretreatment method. All HPLC methods exhibited correlation coefficients of calibration curves for canthaxanthin as 0.9999. The analysis methods from FSA, AOAC, and MLHW showed the LOD of 0.395 ppm, 0.105 ppm, and 0.084 ppm, and the LOQ of 1.196 ppm, 0.318 ppm, 0.254 ppm, respectively. Among tested methods, HPLC method of MHLW with modification in pretreatments was finally selected for the analysis of canthaxanthin in lab, because it exhibited the resolution factor of 4.0 and the selectivity of 1.30. This analysis method showed a correlation coefficients value of 0.9999 and the lowest LOD and LOQ. Furthermore, the precision ratio was lower than 1 and the accuracy was almost 100%. The method presented the recovery ratio of 90-110% with modification in pretreatment method. The cross-validation of coefficient variation was 5 or less among tested three institutions in Korea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20method" title="analytic method">analytic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canthaxanthin" title=" canthaxanthin"> canthaxanthin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20colorants" title=" food colorants"> food colorants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment%20method" title=" pretreatment method"> pretreatment method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24563/the-comparison-and-optimization-of-the-analytic-method-for-canthaxanthin-food-colorants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">683</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Comparison between the McGrath Video Laryngoscope and the Macintosh Laryngoscopy in Children with Expected Normal Airway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Eun%20Kim"> Ji Eun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the McGrath VL compared to Macintosh laryngoscopy in children with expected normal airway during endotracheal intubation, by comparing the time to intubation and ease of intubation. Methods: Eighty-four patients, aged 1-10 years undergoing endotracheal intubation for elective surgery were randomly assigned to McGrath group (n = 42) or Macintosh group (n = 42). Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5-3.0 mg/kg and sevoflurane 5-8 vol%. Orotracheal intubation was performed 2 minutes after injection of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg with McGrath VL or Macintosh laryngoscope. The primary outcome was time to intubation. The Cormack and Lehane glottic grade, intubation difficulty score (IDS), and success rate of intubation were assessed. Hemodynamic changes also were recorded. Results: Median time to intubation [interquartile range] was not different between the McGrath group and the Macintosh group (25.0 [22.8-28.3] s vs. 26.0 [24.0-29.0] s, p = 0.301). The incidence of grade I glottic view was significantly higher in theMcGrath group than in the Macintosh group (95% vs. 74%, p = 0.013). Median IDS was lower in the McGrath group than in the Macintosh group (0 [0-0] vs. 0 [0-1], p = 0.018). There were no significant differences in success rate on intubation or hemodynamics between the two groups. Conclusions: McGrath VL provides better laryngeal views and lower IDS, but similar intubation times and success rates compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in children with the normal airway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title="intubation">intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macintosh%20laryngoscopy" title=" Macintosh laryngoscopy"> Macintosh laryngoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mcgrath%20videolaryngoscopy" title=" Mcgrath videolaryngoscopy"> Mcgrath videolaryngoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75537/a-comparison-between-the-mcgrath-video-laryngoscope-and-the-macintosh-laryngoscopy-in-children-with-expected-normal-airway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Development of the Analysis and Pretreatment of Brown HT in Foods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Jae%20Suh">Hee-Jae Suh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Na%20Hong"> Mi-Na Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ji%20Kim"> Min-Ji Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeon-Seong%20Jeong"> Yeon-Seong Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ok-Hwan%20Lee"> Ok-Hwan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Wook%20Shin"> Jae-Wook Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyang-Sook%20Chun"> Hyang-Sook Chun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Lee"> Chan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brown HT is a bis-azo dye which is permitted in EU as a food colorant. So far, many studies have focused on HPLC using diode array detection (DAD) analysis for detection of this food colorant with different columns and mobile phases. Even though these methods make it possible to detect Brown HT, low recovery, reproducibility, and linearity are still the major limitations for the application in foods. The purpose of this study was to compare various methods for the analysis of Brown HT and to develop an improved analytical methods including pretreatment. Among tested analysis methods, best resolution of Brown HT was observed when the following solvent was applied as a eluent; solvent A of mobile phase was 0.575g NH4H2PO4, and 0.7g Na2HPO4 in 500mL water added with 500mL methanol. The pH was adjusted using phosphoric acid to pH 6.9 and solvent B was methanol. Major peak for Brown HT appeared at the end of separation, 13.4min after injection. This method exhibited relatively high recovery and reproducibility compared with other methods. LOD (0.284 ppm), LOQ (0.861 ppm), resolution (6.143), and selectivity (1.3) of this method were better than those of ammonium acetate solution method which was most frequently used. Precision and accuracy were verified through inter-day test and intra-day test. Various methods for sample pretreatments were developed for different foods and relatively high recovery over 80% was observed in all case. This method exhibited high resolution and reproducibility of Brown HT compared with other previously reported official methods from FSA and, EU regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20method" title="analytic method">analytic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brown%20HT" title=" Brown HT"> Brown HT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20colorants" title=" food colorants"> food colorants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment%20method" title=" pretreatment method"> pretreatment method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24564/development-of-the-analysis-and-pretreatment-of-brown-ht-in-foods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Dietary Intake, Serum Vitamin D Status, and Sun Exposure of Malaysian Women of Different Ethnicity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Z.%20M.%20Chong">H. Z. M. Chong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Y.%20Leong"> M. E. Y. Leong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20L.%20Khor"> G. L. Khor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Loke"> S. C. Loke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vitamin D insufficiency is reported to be prevalent among women living in different altitudes including the equator where sunshine is available throughout the year. Multiple factors for vitamin D insufficiency include poor intake of vitamin D rich food and inadequate sun exposure, especially among women working indoor with a sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, Muslim women in Malaysia whose attire covers the entire body are likely to receive poor sun exposure. This research determined serum vitamin D status, vitamin D intake and sun exposure of women aged 20-45 years of different ethnicity in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from 106 women for determination of serum 25(OH)D levels. Information about vitamin D intake and sun exposure were obtained by interviewing the subjects using pre-tested questionnaires. The overall mean serum 25(OH)D was found to be 29.9 ± 14 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was prevalent and highest among the Malay women. Less than ten percent of the subjects in this study met the sufficient vitamin D level recommendation of ≥50 nmol/L. Intake of vitamin D rich food such as oily fishes was poor across the different ethnicity. Other dietary sources of vitamin D in the diet were fortified bread and skim milk. On the other hand, the median sunlight exposure of the subjects was 3.9 hours per week. The Malay women reported to have the highest duration being exposed to the sun. Nevertheless, due to cultural clothing practices, these women had the least body surface area exposed to sunlight, resulting in the lowest calculated sun index score compared to the Chinese and the Indians. Low intake of vitamin D rich foods and sun exposure were negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D level. In conclusion, intake of food sources rich in vitamin D and adequate body surface area exposed to the sun are essential to ensure healthy vitamin D level. Supplementation of vitamin D may be recommended to women whom unable to meet these recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%2025-OH" title="serum 25-OH">serum 25-OH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20exposure" title=" sun exposure"> sun exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D%20food%20%20frequency" title=" vitamin D food frequency"> vitamin D food frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D%20deficiency" title=" vitamin D deficiency"> vitamin D deficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91999/dietary-intake-serum-vitamin-d-status-and-sun-exposure-of-malaysian-women-of-different-ethnicity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Phylogeographic Reconstruction of the Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Invasion in the Atlantic Ocean: The Role of the Farming Systems in the Marine Biological Invasions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Aguirre%20Pabon">Juan Carlos Aguirre Pabon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Sabatino"> Stephen Sabatino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Morris"> James Morris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khor%20Waiho"> Khor Waiho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Murias"> Antonio Murias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is one of the most important species in aquaculture and is native to the Indo-Pacific Ocean. During its greatest success in world production (70s and 80s) was introduced in many Atlantic Ocean countries for cultivation purposes and is currently reported as established in several countries of this area. Because there are no studies to understand the magnitude of the invasion process, this is an exciting opportunity to test evolutionary hypotheses in the context of marine invasions mediated by culture systems; therefore, the purpose of this study was to reconstruct the scenario of invasion of P. monodon in the Atlantic Ocean, by using mitochondrial DNA and eight loci microsatellites. In addition, samples of the invasion area in the Atlantic Ocean (US, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guienne Bissau, Senegal), the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Indonesia, India, Mozambique), and some cultivation systems (India, Bangladesh, Madagascar) were collected; and analysis of phylogenetic relationships (using some species of the family), genetic diversity, structure population, and demographic changes were performed. High intraspecific divergence in P. semisulcatus and P. monodon were found, high genetic variability in all sites (especially with microsatellites) and the presence of three clusters or populations. In addition, signs of demographic expansion in the culture population and bottlenecks in the invasive and native populations were found, as well as evidence of gene mixtures from all of the populations studied, implying that cropping systems play an essential role in mitigating the negative effects of the founder effect and providing a source of genetic variability that can ensure the success of the invasion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20introduction" title="species introduction">species introduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increased%20variability" title=" increased variability"> increased variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20changes" title=" demographic changes"> demographic changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promoting%20invasion." title=" promoting invasion."> promoting invasion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186582/phylogeographic-reconstruction-of-the-tiger-shrimp-penaeus-monodon-invasion-in-the-atlantic-ocean-the-role-of-the-farming-systems-in-the-marine-biological-invasions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Genetic Analysis of the Endangered Mangrove Species Avicennia Marina in Qatar Detected by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat DNA Markers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talaat%20Ahmed">Talaat Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Babssail"> Amna Babssail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mangroves are evergreen trees and grow along the coastal areas of Qatar. The largest and oldest area of mangroves can be found around Al-Thakhira and Al-Khor. Other mangrove areas originate from fairly recent plantings by the government, although unfortunately the picturesque mangrove lake in Al-Wakra has now been uprooted. Avicinnia marina is the predominant mangrove species found in the region. Mangroves protect and stabilize low lying coastal land, and provide protection and food sources for estuarine and coastal fishery food chains. They also serve as feeding, breeding and nursery grounds for a variety of fish, crustaceans, reptiles, birds and other wildlife. A total of 21 individuals of A. marina, representing seven diverse Natural and artificial populations, were sampled throughout its range in Qatar. Leaves from 2-3 randomly selected trees at each location were collected. The locations are as follows: Al-Rawis, Ras-Madpak, Fuwairt, Summaseima, Al-khour, AL-Mafjar and Zekreet. Total genomic DNA was extracted using commercial DNeasy Plant System (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) kit to be used for genetic diversity analysis. Total of 12 (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat) ISSR primers were used to amplify DNA fragments using genomic DNA. The 12 ISSR primers amplified polymorphic bands among mangrove samples in different areas as well as within each area indicating the existing of variation within each area and among the different areas of mangrove in Qatar. The results could characterize Avicinnia marina populations exist in different areas of Qatar and establish DNA fingerprint documentations for mangrove population to be used in further studies. Moreover, existing of genetic variation within and among Avicinnia marina populations is a strong indication for the ability of such populations to adapt different environmental conditions in Qatar. This study could be a warning to save mangrove in Qatar and save the environment as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20fingerprint" title="DNA fingerprint">DNA fingerprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avicinnia%20marina" title=" Avicinnia marina"> Avicinnia marina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20analysis" title=" genetic analysis"> genetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30094/genetic-analysis-of-the-endangered-mangrove-species-avicennia-marina-in-qatar-detected-by-inter-simple-sequence-repeat-dna-markers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Single Stage Rocket Using Solid Fuels in Conventional Propulsion Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20R%20Evans">John R Evans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook-Ying%20%20Ho"> Sook-Ying Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rey%20Chin"> Rey Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the research investigations orientated to the starting and propelling of a solid fuel rocket engine which operates as combined cycle propulsion system using three thrust pulses. The vehicle has been designed to minimise the cost of launching small number of Nano/Cube satellites into low earth orbits (LEO). A technology described in this paper is a ground-based launch propulsion system which starts the rocket vertical motion immediately causing air flow to enter the ramjet’s intake. Current technology has a ramjet operation predicted to be able to start high subsonic speed of 280 m/s using a liquid fuel ramjet (LFRJ). The combined cycle engine configuration is in many ways fundamentally different from the LFRJ. A much lower subsonic start speed is highly desirable since the use of a mortar to obtain the latter speed for rocket means a shorter launcher length can be utilized. This paper examines the means and has some performance calculations, including Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis of air-intake at suitable operational conditions, 3-DOF point mass trajectory analysis of multi-pulse propulsion system (where pulse ignition time and thrust magnitude can be controlled), etc. of getting a combined cycle rocket engine use in a single stage vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combine%20cycle%20propulsion%20system" title="combine cycle propulsion system">combine cycle propulsion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20earth%20orbit%20launch%20vehicle" title=" low earth orbit launch vehicle"> low earth orbit launch vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20analysis" title=" computational fluid dynamics analysis"> computational fluid dynamics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3dof%20trajectory%20analysis" title=" 3dof trajectory analysis "> 3dof trajectory analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136487/a-single-stage-rocket-using-solid-fuels-in-conventional-propulsion-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Effect of Nepodin-Enrich Plant on Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Kyeong%20Yu">Mi Kyeong Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Jeong%20Lee"> Seon Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Young%20Kim"> So Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bora%20Choi"> Bora Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Mi%20Lee"> Young Mi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Jung%20Cho"> Su-Jung Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Je%20Tae%20Woo"> Je Tae Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Sook%20Choi"> Myung-Sook Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high-fat diet (HFD) induces excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT), which increases metabolic disorders such as obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Many plants are known to have effects that improve metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to investigate the effect of nepodin-enrich plant extract on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia in high fat diet-induced C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups, and fed HFD (20% fat, w/w) or HFD supplemented with nepodin-enrich plant extract (NPE 0.005%, w/w) for 16 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured every week. And we also analysed metabolic rates (respiratory quotient), blood glucose level, and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, free fatty acid, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1 and apo B levels. Food intakes and body weights were not different between NPE group and HFD group, while plasma apo B, free fatty acid levels, and blood glucose concentration were significantly decreased in NPE group than in HFD group. Furthermore, plasma apo A and HDL-cholesterol levels in NPE group were remarkably increased than in HFD group. Metabolic rates (respiratory quotient) were significantly increased in NPE group than in HFD group. These results indicate that NPE can alleviate dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia. Further studies are required to identify the effects of NPE on metabolic disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyslipidemia" title="dyslipidemia">dyslipidemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperglycemia" title=" hyperglycemia"> hyperglycemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20disorders" title=" metabolic disorders"> metabolic disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nepodin%20enrich%20plant%20extract" title=" nepodin enrich plant extract"> nepodin enrich plant extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60908/the-effect-of-nepodin-enrich-plant-on-dyslipidemia-and-hyperglycemia-in-high-fat-diet-induced-obese-c57bl6j-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Effects of Eriocitrin on Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Young%20Kim">So Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-Young%20Kwon"> Eun-Young Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bora%20Choi"> Bora Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi%20Kyeong%20Yu"> Mi Kyeong Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Jeong%20Lee"> Seon Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Sook%20Choi"> Myung-Sook Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lemon (Citrus limon) has various beneficial effect. Eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7-rutinoside) is the main ingredient of lemon fruit and is known to have antioxidative effects. However, there has been little research about the effects of eriocitrin on obesity and regulation of lipid profiles levels. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of eriocitrin in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). The 4 week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups and were fed HFD (20% fat, w/w) and HFD supplemented with eriocitrin (0.005%, w/w, EC) for 16 weeks. Food intake, body weight and white adipose tissue weight (WAT) were measured and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), apolipoprotein (Apo) B100 level and hepatic enzyme activity were analyzed. No differences were shown between the HFD and EC groups in body weight and food intake. However EC supplementation significantly reduced the weights of epididymal, subcutaneous and total WAT. In addition, the levels of plasma FFA and Apo B100 were significantly decreased in the EC group compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) related to fatty acids synthesis were significantly lower in the EC group than in the HFD group in liver. Therefore, this study indicates that eriocitrin has beneficial effects on adiposity and nonalcholic fatty liver diseases by modulating hepatic lipid-regulating enzyme activities and plasma lipid profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiobesity" title="antiobesity">antiobesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eriocitrin" title=" eriocitrin"> eriocitrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20fat%20diet" title=" high fat diet"> high fat diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20lowering" title=" lipid lowering"> lipid lowering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60909/the-effects-of-eriocitrin-on-obesity-and-hepatic-steatosis-in-high-fat-diet-induced-obese-c57bl6-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Acanthopanax koreanum and Major Ingredient, Impressic Acid, Possess Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Down-Regulating Capacity and Protect Cartilage Destruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Lim">Hyun Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Sook%20Min"> Dong Sook Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Eul%20Yun"> Han Eul Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kil%20Tae%20Kim"> Kil Tae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%20Nan%20Sun"> Ya Nan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Ho%20Kim"> Young Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Pyo%20Kim"> Hyun Pyo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 has an important role for degrading cartilage materials under inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. Since the 70% ethanol extract of Acanthopanax koreanum inhibited MMP-13 expression in IL-1β-treated human chondrocyte cell line, SW1353, two major constituents including acanthoic acid and impressic acid were initially isolated from the same plant materials and their MMP-13 down-regulating capacity was examined. In IL-1β-treated SW1353 cells, acanthoic acid and impressic acid significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited MMP-13 expression at 10 – 100 μM and 0.5 – 10 μM, respectively. The potent one, impressic acid, was found to inhibit MMP-13 expression by blocking the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/-2 (STAT-1/-2) and activation of c-Jun and c-Fos among cellular signaling pathway involved, but did not affect the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). Further, impressic acid was also found to inhibit the expression of MMP-13 mRNA (47.7% inhibition at 10 μM), the glycosaminoglycan release (42.2% reduction at 10 μM) and proteoglycan loss in IL-1-treated rabbit cartilage explants culture. For a further study, 21 impressic acid derivatives were isolated from the same plant materials and their suppressive activities against MMP-13 expression were examined. Among the derivatives, 3α-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-23-oxo,28-oic acid, (20R)-3α-hydroxy-29-dimethoxylupan-23,28-dioic acid, acankoreoside F and acantrifoside A clearly down-regulated MMP-13 expression, but impressic acid being most potent. All these results suggest that impressic acid, 3α-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-23-oxo,28-oic acid, (20R)-3α-hydroxy-29-dimethoxylupan-23,28-dioic acid, acankoreoside F, acantrifoside A and A. koreanum may have a potential for therapeutic agents to prevent cartilage degradation possibly by inhibiting matrix protein degradation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acanthoic%20acid" title="acanthoic acid">acanthoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthopanax%20koreanum" title=" Acanthopanax koreanum"> Acanthopanax koreanum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartilage" title=" cartilage"> cartilage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impressic%20acid" title=" impressic acid"> impressic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20metalloproteinase" title=" matrix metalloproteinase"> matrix metalloproteinase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57571/acanthopanax-koreanum-and-major-ingredient-impressic-acid-possess-matrix-metalloproteinase-13-down-regulating-capacity-and-protect-cartilage-destruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Hair Growth Effects of Undariopsis peterseniana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Il%20Kang">Jung-Il Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeon%20Eon%20Park"> Jeon Eon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Jin%20Moon"> Yu-Jin Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Seok%20Ahn"> Young-Seok Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-Sook%20Yoo"> Eun-Sook Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee-Kyoung%20Kang"> Hee-Kyoung Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Undariopsis peterseniana, a seaweed native to Jeju Island, Korea, on the growth of hair. The dermal papilla cells (DPCs) have known to regulate hair growth cycle and length of hair follicle through interact with epithelial cells. When immortalized vibrissa DPCs were treated with the U. peterseniana extract, the U. peterseniana extract significantly increased the proliferation of DPCs. The effect of U. peterseniana extract on the growth of vibrissa follicles was also examined. U. peterseniana extract significantly increased the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles. Hair loss is partly caused by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to androgen receptor in hair follicles, and the inhibition of 5α-reductase activity can prevent hair loss through the decrease of DHT level. The U. peterseniana extract inhibited 5α-reductase activity. Minoxidil, a potent hair-growth agent, can induce proliferation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts by opening KATP channels. We thus examined the proliferative effects of U. peterseniana extract in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. U. peterseniana extract significantly increased the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), a K+ channel blocker, inhibited U. peterseniana-induced proliferation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. These results suggest that U. peterseniana could have the potential to treat alopecia through the proliferation of DPCs, the inhibition of 5α-reductase activity and the opening of KATP channels. [Acknowledgement] This research was supported by The Leading Human Resource Training Program of Regional Neo industry through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and future Planning (2016H1D5A1908786). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hair%20growth" title="hair growth">hair growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Undariopsis%20peterseniana" title=" Undariopsis peterseniana"> Undariopsis peterseniana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrissa%20follicles" title=" vibrissa follicles"> vibrissa follicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermal%20papilla%20cells" title=" dermal papilla cells"> dermal papilla cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5%CE%B1-reductase" title=" 5α-reductase"> 5α-reductase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KATP%20channels" title=" KATP channels"> KATP channels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55831/the-hair-growth-effects-of-undariopsis-peterseniana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Comparison of Mcgrath, Pentax, and Macintosh Laryngoscope in Normal and Cervical Immobilized Manikin by Novices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Yeop%20Kim">Jong Yeop Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Kyong%20Yi"> In Kyong Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Jeong%20Kwak"> Hyun Jeong Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Young%20Lee"> Sook Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Yong%20Park"> Sung Yong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Several video laryngoscopes (VLs) were used to facilitate tracheal intubation in the normal and potentially difficult airway, especially by novice personnel. The aim of this study was to compare tracheal intubation performance regarding the time to intubation, glottic view, difficulty, and dental click, by a novice using McGrath VL, Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) and Macintosh laryngoscope in normal and cervical immobilized manikin models. Methods: Thirty-five anesthesia nurses without previous intubation experience were recruited. The participants performed endotracheal intubation in a manikin model at two simulated neck positions (normal and fixed neck via cervical immobilization), using three different devices (McGrath VL, Pentax AWS, and Macintosh direct laryngoscope) at three times each. Performance parameters included intubation time, success rate of intubation, Cormack Lehane laryngoscope grading, dental click, and subjective difficulty score. Results: Intubation time and success rate at the first attempt were not significantly different between the 3 groups in normal airway manikin. In the cervical immobilized manikin, the intubation time was shorter (p = 0.012) and the success rate with the first attempt was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when using McGrath VL and Pentax AWS compared with Macintosh laryngoscope. Both VLs showed less difficulty score (p < 0.001) and more Cormack Lehane grade I (p < 0.001). The incidence of dental clicks was higher with McGrath VL than Macintosh laryngoscope in the normal and cervical immobilized airway (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: McGrath VL and Pentax AWS resulted in shorter intubation time, higher first attempt success rate, compared with Macintosh laryngoscope by a novice intubator in a cervical immobilized manikin model. McGrath VL could be reduced the risk of dental injury compared with Macintosh laryngoscope in this scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title="intubation">intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manikin" title=" manikin"> manikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novice" title=" novice"> novice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videolaryngoscope" title=" videolaryngoscope"> videolaryngoscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97770/comparison-of-mcgrath-pentax-and-macintosh-laryngoscope-in-normal-and-cervical-immobilized-manikin-by-novices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Mathematics Anxiety among Male and Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wern%20Lin%20Yeo">Wern Lin Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choo%20Kim%20Tan"> Choo Kim Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Ling%20Lew"> Sook Ling Lew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematics anxiety refers to the feeling of anxious when one having difficulties in solving mathematical problem. Mathematics anxiety is the most common type of anxiety among other types of anxiety which occurs among the students. However, level of anxiety among males and females are different. There were few past study were conducted to determine the relationship of anxiety and gender but there were still did not have an exact results. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of anxiety level between male and female undergraduates at a private university in Malaysia. Convenient sampling method used in this study in which the students were selected based on the grouping assigned by the faculty. There were 214 undergraduates who registered the probability courses had participated in this study. Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) was the instrument used in study which used to determine students’ anxiety level towards probability. Reliability and validity of instrument was done before the major study was conducted. In the major study, students were given briefing about the study conducted. Participation of this study were voluntary. Students were given consent form to determine whether they agree to participate in the study. Duration of two weeks were given for students to complete the given online questionnaire. The data collected will be analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine the level of anxiety. There were three anxiety level, i.e., low, average and high. Students’ anxiety level were determined based on their scores obtained compared with the mean and standard deviation. If the scores obtained were below mean and standard deviation, the anxiety level was low. If the scores were at below and above the mean and between one standard deviation, the anxiety level was average. If the scores were above the mean and greater than one standard deviation, the anxiety level was high. Results showed that both of the gender were having average anxiety level. Males having high frequency of three anxiety level which were low, average and high anxiety level as compared to females. Hence, the mean values obtained for males (M = 3.62) was higher than females (M = 3.42). In order to be significant of anxiety level among the gender, the p-value should be less than .05. The p-value obtained in this study was .117. However, this value was greater than .05. Thus, there was no significant difference of anxiety level among the gender. In other words, there was no relationship of anxiety level with the gender. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety%20level" title="anxiety level">anxiety level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20anxiety" title=" mathematics anxiety"> mathematics anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20and%20statistics" title=" probability and statistics"> probability and statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32781/mathematics-anxiety-among-male-and-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Physical Health, Depression and Related Factors for Elementary School Students in Seoul, South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Sook%20Bang">Kyung-Sook Bang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The health status of school-age children has a great influence on their growth and life-long health. The purposes of this study were to identify physical and mental health status of late school-age children in Seoul, South Korea and to investigate the related factors for their health. Methods: After gaining the approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB), a cross-sectional study was conducted with elementary students in grade 4 or 5. Questionnaires were distributed to eight elementary schools located different regions of Seoul in November, 2016, and 302 participants were finally included. From all participants, informed consents from the parents, and assents from children were received. Children's socioeconomic status, family functioning, peer relations, physical health symptoms, and depression were measured with self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression. Results: Children's physical health symptoms and depression were not significantly different, and only their peer relations were significantly different according to their socioeconomic status (t=-3.93, p<.001). Depression showed significant positive correlation with physical health symptoms (r=.720, p<.001) and negative correlations with family functioning (r=-.428, p<.001) and peer relations (r=-.775, p<.001). The multiple regression model, which explained 73.5% of variance, showed peer relations (r2 =.604), physical health symptoms (r2 change=.125), and family functioning (r2 change=.005) as significant predictors for depression. Only the peer relations was significant predictor for their physical health symptoms and explained 50.6% of it. Conclusions: The peer relations was the most important factor in their physical and mental health at this age, and it can be affected by their socioeconomic status. Nursing interventions for promoting social relations and family functioning are required to improve children’s physical and mental health, especially for vulnerable population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title="child">child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20relation" title=" peer relation"> peer relation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75627/physical-health-depression-and-related-factors-for-elementary-school-students-in-seoul-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Pentax Airway Scope Video Laryngoscope for Orotracheal Intubation in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Kyong%20Yi">In Kyong Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Jeong%20Chae"> Yun Jeong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihoon%20Hwang"> Jihoon Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook-Young%20Lee"> Sook-Young Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Yeop%20Kim"> Jong-Yeop Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Pentax airway scope (AWS) is a recently developed video laryngoscope for use in both normal and difficult airways, providing a good laryngeal view. The purpose of this randomized noninferior study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Pentax-AWS regarding intubation time, laryngeal view and ease of intubation in pediatric patients with normal airway, compared to Macintosh laryngoscope. Method: A total of 136 pediatric patients aged 1 to 10 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II undergoing general anesthesia required orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated into two groups: Macintosh laryngoscope (n =68) and Pentax AWS (n=68). Anesthesia was induced with propofol, rocuronium, and sevoflurane. The primary outcome was intubation time. Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view grade, application of optimal laryngeal external manipulation (OELM), intubation difficulty scale (IDS), intubation failure rate and adverse events were also measured. Result: No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding intubation time (Macintosh; 23[22-26] sec vs. Pentax; 23.5[22-27.75] sec, p=0.713). As for the laryngeal view grade, the Pentax group showed less number of grade 2a or higher grade cases compared to the Macintosh group (1/2a/2b/3; 52.9%/41.2%/4.4%/1.5% vs. 98.5%/1.5%/0%/0%, p=0.000). No optimal laryngeal external manipulation application was required in the Pentax group (38.2% vs. 0%, p=0.000). Intubation difficulty scale resulted in lower values for Pentax group (0 [0-2] vs. 0 [0-0.55], p=0.001). Failure rate was not different between the two groups (1.5% vs. 4.4%, p=0.619). Adverse event-wise, slightly higher incidence of bleeding (1.5% vs. 5.9%, p=0.172) and teeth injury (0% vs. 5.9%, p=0.042) occurred in the Pentax group. Conclusion: In conclusion, Pentax-AWS provided better laryngeal view, similar intubation time and similar success rate compared with Macintosh laryngoscope in children with normal airway. However, the risk of teeth injury might increase and warrant special attention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pentax-AWS" title="Pentax-AWS">Pentax-AWS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric" title=" pediatric"> pediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20laryngoscope" title=" video laryngoscope"> video laryngoscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intubation" title=" intubation"> intubation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90406/pentax-airway-scope-video-laryngoscope-for-orotracheal-intubation-in-children-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Antioxidative, Anticholinesterase and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of Malaysian Brown and Green Seaweeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aisya%20Gany">Siti Aisya Gany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swee%20Ching%20Tan"> Swee Ching Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sook%20Yee%20Gan"> Sook Yee Gan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diminished antioxidant defense or increased production of reactive oxygen species in the biological system can result in oxidative stress which may lead to various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial activation also contributes to the progression of AD by producing several pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to be possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. In addition, the cholinergic hypothesis postulates that memory impairment in patient with AD is also associated with the deficit of cholinergic function in the brain. Although a number of drugs have been approved for the treatment of AD, most of these synthetic drugs have diverse side effects and yield relatively modest benefits. Marine algae have great potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as they are valuable sources of bioactive properties such as anti-coagulation, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Hence, this study aimed to provide an overview of the properties of Malaysian seaweeds (Padina australis, Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa racemosa) in inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and cholinesterase enzymes. All tested samples significantly exhibit potent DPPH and moderate Superoxide anion radical scavenging ability (P<0.05). Hexane and methanol extracts of S. polycystum exhibited the most potent radical scavenging ability with IC50 values of 0.1572 ± 0.004 mg/ml and 0.8493 ± 0.02 for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Hexane extract of C. racemosa gave the strongest superoxide radical inhibitory effect (IC50 of 0.3862± 0.01 mg/ml). Most seaweed extracts significantly inhibited the production of cytokine (IL-6, IL-1 β, TNFα) and NO in a concentration-dependent manner without causing significant cytotoxicity to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia cells (P<0.05). All extracts suppressed cytokine and NO level by more than 80% at the concentration of 0.4mg/ml. In addition, C. racemosa and S. polycystum also showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activities with the IC50 values ranging from 0.086-0.115 mg/ml. Moreover, C. racemosa and P. australis were also found to be active against butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values ranging from 0.118-0.287 mg/ml. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-cholinesterase" title="anti-cholinesterase">anti-cholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-oxidative" title=" anti-oxidative"> anti-oxidative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroinflammation" title=" neuroinflammation"> neuroinflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seaweeds" title=" seaweeds "> seaweeds </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15540/antioxidative-anticholinesterase-and-anti-neuroinflammatory-properties-of-malaysian-brown-and-green-seaweeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">663</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Effects of Forest Therapy on Depression among Healthy Adults </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Insook%20Lee">Insook Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeseung%20Choi"> Heeseung Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Sook%20Bang"> Kyung-Sook Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjae%20Kim"> Sungjae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkyung%20Song"> Minkyung Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buhyun%20Lee"> Buhyun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgrounds: A clearer and comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest therapy on depression is needed for further refinements of forest therapy programs. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on forest therapy programs designed to decrease the level of depression among adults to evaluate current forest therapy programs. Methods: This literature review was conducted using various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycArticle, KISS, RISS, and DBpia to identify relevant studies published up to January 2016. The two authors independently screened the full text articles using the following criteria: 1) intervention studies assessing the effects of forest therapy on depression among healthy adults ages 18 and over; 2) including at least one control group or condition; 3) being peer-reviewed; and 4) being published either in English. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) measurement tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each trial. Results: After screening current literature, a total of 14 articles (English: 6, Korean: 8) were included in the present review. None of the studies used randomized controlled (RCT) study design and the sample size ranged from 11 to 300. Walking in the forest and experiencing the forest using the five senses was the key component of the forest therapy that was included in all studies. The majority of studies used one-time intervention that usually lasted a few hours or half-day. The most widely used measure for depression was Profile of Mood States (POMS). Most studies used self-reported, paper-and-pencil tests, and only 5 studies used both paper-and-pencil tests and physiological measures. Regarding the quality assessment based on the SIGN criteria, only 3 articles were rated ‘acceptable’ and the rest of the 14 articles were rated ‘low quality.’ Regardless of the diversity in format and contents of forest therapies, most studies showed a significant effect of forest therapy in curing depression. Discussions: This systematic review showed that forest therapy is one of the emerging and effective intervention approaches for decreasing the level of depression among adults. Limitations of the current programs identified from the review were as follows; 1) small sample size; 2) a lack of objective and comprehensive measures for depression; and 3) inadequate information about research process. Futures studies assessing the long-term effect of forest therapy on depression using rigorous study designs are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20therapy" title="forest therapy">forest therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult" title=" adult"> adult</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56968/effects-of-forest-therapy-on-depression-among-healthy-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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