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</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Диалекттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Диалекттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Диалекттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Диалекттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Тарихы</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Тарихы бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тарихы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Фонетика_һәм_фонология" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фонетика_һәм_фонология"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Фонетика һәм фонология</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фонетика_һәм_фонология-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Һуҙынҡылар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һуҙынҡылар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Һуҙынҡылар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һуҙынҡылар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Яҙмаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Яҙмаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Яҙмаһы</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Яҙмаһы-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Яҙмаһы бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Яҙмаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Фонетика_һәм_фонология_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Фонетика_һәм_фонология_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Фонетика һәм фонология</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Фонетика_һәм_фонология_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Һуҙынҡылар_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һуҙынҡылар_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Һуҙынҡылар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һуҙынҡылар_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тартынҡылар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тартынҡылар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Тартынҡылар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тартынҡылар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Морфология" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Морфология"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Морфология</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Морфология-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Синтаксис" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Синтаксис"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Синтаксис</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Синтаксис-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Латыш теле</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 146 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Алатыш бызшәа — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Алатыш бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%89%B5%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%9B" title="ላትቪኛ — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላትቪኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Lettisc sprǣc — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lettisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातवियाई भाषा — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लातवियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اللاتفية — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اللاتفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%89" title="لاتفى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاتفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviava" title="Latviava — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Latviava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1%C5%9F_dili" title="Latış dili — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latış dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لاتیش دیلی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاتیش دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettische_Sproch" title="Lettische Sproch — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lettische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviu_kalba" title="Latviu kalba — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Latviu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латышская мова — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Латышская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латыская мова — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Латыская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латвийски език — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латвийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latveg" title="Latveg — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latveg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijski_jezik" title="Latvijski jezik — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Latvijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%C3%B3" title="Letó — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Letó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латышийн мотт — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латышийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Leton" title="Pinulongang Leton — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Leton" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%8C" title="زمانی لاتیڤی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی لاتیڤی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1tina" title="Lotyština — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lotyština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Латвїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Латвїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Латыш чĕлхи — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Латыш чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latfieg" title="Latfieg — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Latfieg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettisk_(sprog)" title="Lettisk (sprog) — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lettisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettische_Sprache" title="Lettische Sprache — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lettische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonki" title="Letonki — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Letonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Letišćina — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Letišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λετονική γλώσσα — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λετονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Latvian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latva_lingvo" title="Latva lingvo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latva lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_keel" title="Läti keel — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letoniera" title="Letoniera — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Letoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان لتونیایی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لتونیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_kieli" title="Latvian kieli — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latvian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_kiil" title="Läti kiil — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Läti kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Lettiskt mál — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lettiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letton" title="Letton — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Letton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letisk" title="Letisk — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Letisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsk" title="Letsk — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Letsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Laitvis" title="An Laitvis — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Laitvis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latbhais" title="Latbhais — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Latbhais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_letoa" title="Lingua letoa — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua letoa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Letoñañe’ẽ — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Letoñañe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvish" title="Latvish — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Latvish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia-ng%C3%AE" title="Latvia-ngî — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Latvia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטבית — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לטבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातवियाई भाषा — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लातवियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_bhasa" title="Latvian bhasa — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Latvian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonski_jezik" title="Letonski jezik — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Letonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Letišćina — верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Letišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lett_nyelv" title="Lett nyelv — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lett nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լատիշերեն — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատիշերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Leton" title="Pagsasao a Leton — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Leton" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviana_linguo" title="Latviana linguo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latviana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettneska" title="Lettneska — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lettneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lettone" title="Lingua lettone — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua lettone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ラトビア語 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラトビア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიური ენა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლატვიური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латыш тілі — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латыш тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="라트비아어 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라트비아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_leton%C3%AE" title="Zimanê letonî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê letonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Латыш кыв — коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Латыш кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviek" title="Latviek — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Latviek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Латыш тили — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Латыш тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Lettonica" title="Lingua Lettonica — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Lettonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisce_(lingua)" title="Latvisce (lingua) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latvisce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lettone" title="Lengua lettone — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua lettone" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_leton" title="Lengua leton — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua leton" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Latvių kalba — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Latvių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latv%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Latvīšu volūda — латгальский" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Latvīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="латгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Latviešu valoda — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latviešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латышонь кяль — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Латышонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_let%C3%B4na" title="Fiteny letôna — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny letôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Латыш йылме — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Латыш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латвиски јазик — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латвиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Латви хэл — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Латви хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯦꯠꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ — манипурский" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯦꯠꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्व्हियन भाषा — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लात्व्हियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латонь кель — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Латонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="لاتویایی — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاتویایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettsche_Spraak" title="Lettsche Spraak — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lettsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsk" title="Letsk — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Letsk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्भियाली भाषा — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लात्भियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्भियाया भाषा — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लात्भियाया भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisk" title="Latvisk — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latvisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisk" title="Latvisk — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Latvisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leton" title="Leton — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Латвиаг æвзаг — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латвиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88" title="ਲਾਤਵੀਆਈ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਤਵੀਆਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ton" title="Léton — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Léton" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latwyan" title="Latwyan — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Latwyan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_%C5%82otewski" title="Język łotewski — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język łotewski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_leton-a" title="Lenga leton-a — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga leton-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="لٹویائی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لٹویائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_let%C3%A3" title="Língua letã — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua letã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litunya_simi" title="Litunya simi — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Litunya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_leton%C4%83" title="Limba letonă — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba letonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латышский язык — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латышский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Лотіськый язык — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лотіськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikilativiya" title="Ikilativiya — киньяруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikilativiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱛᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱛᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_l%C3%A8tone" title="Limba lètone — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba lètone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvie_leid" title="Latvie leid — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Latvie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviagiella" title="Latviagiella — северносаамский" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Latviagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijski_jezik" title="Latvijski jezik — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latvijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latvian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1tina" title="Lotyština — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lotyština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvij%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Latvijščina — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latvijščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_letoneze" title="Gjuha letoneze — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha letoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Летонски језик — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiska" title="Lettiska — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lettiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81otewsko_godka" title="Łotewsko godka — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łotewsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இலத்துவிய மொழி — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்துவிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาลัตเวีย — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาลัตเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laty%C5%9F_dili" title="Latyş dili — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Latyş dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Latbiyano" title="Wikang Latbiyano — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Latbiyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviani_zyvon" title="Latviani zyvon — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Latviani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonca" title="Letonca — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Letonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латыш теле — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латыш теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латви кыл — удмуртский" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Латви кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="لاتۋىيە تىلى — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لاتۋىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латиська мова — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латиська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لیٹویائی زبان — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیٹویائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latish_tili" title="Latish tili — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Latish tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_l%C3%A8tona" title="Łéngua lètona — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua lètona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latvia" title="Tiếng Latvia — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Latvia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leton_(lingaedje)" title="Leton (lingaedje) — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Leton (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineton" title="Lineton — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lineton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉脱维亚语 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉脱维亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიური ნინა — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლატვიური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9" title="לעטיש — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעטיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉脱维亚语 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉脱维亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="拉脫維亞語 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拉脫維亞語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia-g%C3%AD" title="Latvia-gí — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Latvia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87" title="拉脫維亞文 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉脫維亞文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiLatviya" title="IsiLatviya — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiLatviya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&oldid=1260028" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&id=1260028&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Latvian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9078" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="2" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Латыш теле</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q9078$E6BBDC9D-6743-46ED-ADD5-DD70AC9EF7A2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1846"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Latvaldialekti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Latvaldialekti.svg/274px-Latvaldialekti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Latvaldialekti.svg/411px-Latvaldialekti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Latvaldialekti.svg/548px-Latvaldialekti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Телдең үҙатамаһы</th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-property-id="P1705" class="no-wikidata">latviešu valoda</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Илдәр</th><td class="" style=""> <p>Латвия </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Рәсми хәле</th><td class="" style=""> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Латвия флагы"><img alt="Латвия флагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвия</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Европа Берләшмәһенең флагы"><img alt="Европа Берләшмәһенең флагы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Европа берләшмәһе">Европа берләшмәһе</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg/22px-Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg/33px-Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg/44px-Baltic_Assembly_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="263" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Балтийская ассамблея (был бит юҡ)">БА</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Был телдә һөйләшеүселәр һаны</th><td class="" style=""> <p>2 068 060<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Телдәрҙең генетик классификацияһы">Классификация</a></th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Донъя телдәре">Категория</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p>Евразия телдәре </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="noplainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <p>Һинд-европа ғаиләһе </p> <dl><dd>Балтик-славян тармағы (гипотеза) <dl><dd>Балтик телдәре <dl><dd>Көнсығыш балтик төркөмө</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Яҙма (Әлифба)">Әлифба</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-property-id="P282" class="no-wikidata">латин алфавиты (латыш алфавиты)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Телдәрҙең кодтары">Тел коды</a></th></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2#ГОСТ_7.75-97" class="extiw" title="ru:Коды языков">ГОСТ 7.75–97</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="лаш 385" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P278">лаш 385</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-2" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="lv" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P218"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/lv">lv</a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-3" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="lav" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P219"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lav">lav</a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639#Альфа-3" class="extiw" title="ru:ISO 639">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="" style=""> <p><span data-wikidata-external-id="lav (Латышский),<br />lvs (Латышский литературный)" class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P220">lav (Латышский),<br />lvs (Латышский литературный)</span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/16px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/24px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/32px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span> <a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="lv:">Был телдә Википедия</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks noprint navbar" data-navboxnavigation-link="0" style="text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><span style="word-spacing:0">Шаблон: </span><span><span class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ҡалып:Язык"><span title="Просмотр этого шаблона">просмотр</span></a></span><span class="nv-talk"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып буйынса фекерләшеү:Язык (был бит юҡ)"><span title="Обсуждение этого шаблона">обсуждение</span></a></span><span class="nv-edit"> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:EditPage/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Махсус:EditPage/Ҡалып:Язык"><span title="Править этот шаблон">править</span></a></span></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Латыш теле </b>(латышса атамаһы — <i>latviešu valoda</i>) — бөгөнгә тиклем һаҡланған ике көнсығыш балтик теленең береһе (икенсеһе литва теле). Латыш теле — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Латвия">Латвияла</a> берҙән-бер дәүләт теле, шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Европа берләшмәһе">Европа берләшмәһенең</a> 24 рәсми теленең береһе. Латыш телендә миллион ярым самаһы кеше һөйләшә (күпселеге Латвияла йәшәй). </p><p>Өс диалектҡа бүленә: үрге латыш, урта латыш һәм ливон. Хәҙерге әҙәби латыш теленең нигеҙе итеп урта латыш диалекты алынған. </p><p>Тәүге яҙма ҡомартҡылар XVI быуатта барлыҡҡа килә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Латин алфавиты">Латиницаға</a> нигеҙләнгән хәҙерге латыш алфавиты 33 хәрефтән тора. </p><p>Баҫым беренсе ижеккә төшә. Һуҙынҡылар оҙонлоҡ буйынса айырыла, һәр оҙон һуҙынҡы өс тондың береһенә эйә. Морфологик төҙөлөшө буйынса латыш теле — флектив һәм синтетик тел. Синтаксисҡа һүҙҙәрҙең ирекле тәртибе хас, SVO тәртибе нигеҙ булып тора. Лексика башлыса үҙҙәренеке, үҙләштерелгән һүҙҙәр араһында славянизмдар һәм германизмдар өҫтөнлөк биләй. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/300px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/450px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/600px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>Ғаиләлә латыш телен төп тел итеп файҙаланған кешеләр һаны, (2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>Латыш телен туған теле итеп ҡулланыусылар һаны Латвияла 2011 йылғы халыҡ иҫәбен алыуға ярашлы — 1 164 894 кеше<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, йәғни ил халҡының 56,3 проценты<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> һәм үҙ телен атағандар араһында 62,1 процент (ҡайһы берҙә айырым тел тип ҡаралған лантгаль диалектын да индереп); илдә йәшәгән рус теллеләрҙең күпселеге, шулай уҡ донъяның башҡа илдәрендәге аҙ һанлы эмигранттар һәм уларҙың тоҡомдары (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">АҠШ</a> — 16 035<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия">Ирландия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия">Англия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Канада</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы">Рәсәй</a> (2010 йылға — 22 079 һөйләшеүсе<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">Белоруссия</a> (2009 йылғы мәғлүмәттәр буйынса, 1549 этник латыштың 386-һы латыш телен туған теле тигән<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ләкин туғыҙы ғына өйөндә ошо телдә һөйләшә<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Яңы Зеландия">Яңы Зеландия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> һ. б.) латыш телен төрлө кимәлдә белә. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Диалекттары"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Диалекттары</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Диалекттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Диалекттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Latvian_and_Latgalian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Latvian_and_Latgalian.png/300px-Latvian_and_Latgalian.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Latvian_and_Latgalian.png/450px-Latvian_and_Latgalian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Latvian_and_Latgalian.png/600px-Latvian_and_Latgalian.png 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1855" /></a><figcaption>Латыш теленең диалекттары</figcaption></figure> <p>Латыш теле өс төп диалектҡа бүленә: үрге латыш (<i>augšzemnieku dialekts</i>), урта латыш (<i>vidus dialekts</i>) һәм ливон (<i>lībiskais dialekts</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ189_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ189-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Үрге латыш диалекты урта латыш һәм ливон диалектынан ныҡ айырыла (шуға уны, үрге латыш диалектына ҡаршы ҡуйып, түбәнге латыш диалекты тип тә йөрөтәләр). Латгалияла, Видземеның көнсығышында һәм Аугшземела таралған, уға көнсығыш (тәрән) һәм көнбайыш (тәрән булмаған) һөйләштәр инә. Ике төркөм дә селон һәм латгаль һөйләштәренә бүленә<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Латгаль тәрән һөйләшен лангаль теле тигән айырым тел тип тә йөрөтәләр. </p><p>Урта латыш диалектына видземе (үҙәк Видземе), земгале (үҙәк Земгале) курземе (Курземеның көньяғы) һөйләштәре инә. </p><p>Ливон диалекты фин-уғыр тел ғаиләһенең лив субстраты нигеҙендә формалашҡан һәм видземе (Видземеның төньяҡ-көнбайышы) һәм курземе (Курземеның төньяғы) һөйләштәрен берләштерә<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>А. Гатерстың альтернатив классификацияһы<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> түбәндәге бүленеште күҙҙә тота<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>урта латыш диалекты; <ul><li>ливон урта латыш;</li> <li>земгале урта латыш (<i>zemgaliskās izloksnes</i>);</li> <li>курземе урта латыш (<i>kursiskās izloksnes</i>);</li> <li>земгале-курземе урта латыш (<i>zemgaliski-kursiskās izloksnes</i>);</li></ul></li> <li>там диалекты; <ul><li>курземе там һөйләштәре;</li> <li>ливон там һөйләштәре;</li></ul></li> <li>үрге латыш диалекты; <ul><li>Латгалияның тәрән үрге латыш һөйләштәре (<i>latgaliskās</i> или <i>nesēliskās dziļās izloksnes</i>);</li> <li>селоне үрге латыш;</li> <li>урта латышҡа күсешле төньяҡ зонаһы;</li> <li>урта латышҡа күсешле үҙәк зона;</li> <li>урта латышҡа күсешле көньяҡ зона.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.8B"></span>Тарихы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Тарихы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="Тарихы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/250px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/375px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/499px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>XII быуат аҙағы — XIII быуат башында балтик ҡәбиләләренең таралып ултырыу картаһы </figcaption></figure> <p>Литва, прус һәм ятвяг телдәре менән бергә латыш теле лә тәүбалтик теленә барып тоташа. Тәүбалтик һуҙынҡылар <i>*i</i>, <i>*ī</i>, <i>*u</i>, <i>*ū</i>, <i>*a</i>, <i>*ā</i> латыш телендә үҙгәрешһеҙ һаҡланған. Башта e фонемаһының аллофоны булып торған <i>ɛ</i> : <span><i>æ </i>ҡапма-ҡаршылығының фонологиялашыуы латыш теле үҙе индергән яңылыҡ булып тора. Был өн ҡаты тартынҡылар алдында асығыраҡ, йомшаҡ тартынҡылар алдында ябығыраҡ әйтелә. </span> Литва телендәге кеүек үк, <i>*eɪ̯</i> дифтонгыһы ла <i>*ẹ</i> монофтонгыһы булыу стадияһы аша <i>ɪ̯e </i>стадияһына күсә. <a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Таутосиллабические%20сочетания">Таутосиллабик б</a>әйләнештәр <i>in</i>, <i>un</i>, <i>en</i>, <i>an</i> латыш телендә <i>ī</i>, <i>ū</i>, <i>ɪ̯e</i>, <i>u̯o </i>рәүешен алған. Бер ижекле булмаған һүҙҙәрҙең ауслауты етди үҙгәрештәргә дусар була: ҡыҫҡа <i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i> юҡҡа сыға, оҙон <i>ā</i>, <i>ē</i>, <i>ī</i>, <i>ū</i> ҡыҫҡара, дифтонгылар монофтонгыларға әйләнә (<i>aɪ̯</i>, <i>eɪ̯</i> > <i>i</i>, <i>au</i> > <i>u</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Литва телендәге кеүек үк, латыш телендә лә прабалтик <i>ō</i> дифтонгылашып <span><i>u̯o-</i>ға әүерелә, ләкин был яҙмала сағылыш тапмай</span>: <span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Smoczyński W.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Języki bałtyckie</span> // Języki indoeuropejskie. — Warszawa: PWN, 1986. — S. 870—871.</span>, лтш. <i>dot</i> «бирергә»<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Йомшаҡлыҡ-ҡатылыҡ буйынса ҡапма-ҡаршылыҡтың юҡҡа сығарылыуы консонантизмда мөһим үҙгәреш булып тора<sup id="cite_ref-Smoczyński872_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smoczyński872-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>йомшаҡ ирен тартынҡылары анлаутта «ирен + ļ» бәйләнешенә һәм инлаутта «ирен + j» бәйләнешенә күсә;</li> <li>теш тартынҡылары <i>*ť</i> һәм <i>*ď</i> <i>š</i> һәм <i>ž</i> булып үҙгәрә (литва телендә күренеп торған <i>č</i> һәм <i>dž</i> стадияһы аша);</li> <li><i>*sʲ</i> һәм <i>*zʲ</i> шулай уҡ <i>š</i> һәм <i>ž </i>булып киткән;</li> <li><i>*kʲ</i> һәм <i>*gʲ</i> <i>c</i> һәм <i>dz </i>булып үҙгәргән.</li></ul> <p>Тел уртаһы тартынҡылары <i>ķ</i> һәм <i>ģ, </i> <i>e, i </i> алдында торғанда <i>sk</i>, <i>zg</i> бәйләнештәренән килеп сыға, мәҫәлән, <i>šķirt</i> «айырырға». </p><p>Литва һәм латыш телдәре араһында айырымланыу яҡынса б. э. I быуатында башлана, ә V—VII быуаттарға был телдәр бөтөнләй айырыла<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. V—VI быуаттарҙа латыштарҙың ата-бабалары, балтик буйындағы фин ҡәбиләләре төпләнгән ерҙәрҙе биләп, төньяҡҡа әүҙем күсенә. Быға бәйле латыш теле балтик буйы фин телдәре һәм көнсығыш славян диалекттары менән аралаша башлай<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1260 йылда ливон Конфедерацияһы."><img alt="1260 йылда ливон Конфедерацияһы." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png/200px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png/301px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png/401px-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_1260.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>1260 йылда ливон Конфедерацияһы.</figcaption></figure> <p>Тәүҙә леттар көнсығыш балтик ҡәбиләләренең береһе генә була. Улар менән бергә Латвия ерҙәрендә земгалдар, селдар, куршалар, шулай уҡ балтик буйы фин халҡы булған ливтар йәшәй. Бөтә был халыҡтар тел йәһәтенән яйлап леттар тарафынан ассимиляциялана, ә уларҙың телдәре латыш диалекттарында эҙен ҡалдыра<sup id="cite_ref-Блинкена216_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Блинкена216-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>XII—XIII быуаттарҙа хәҙерге Латвия һәм Эстония ерҙәрен Ҡылыслылар ордены баҫып ала. Немецтар идара итеүсе аҡһөйәктәргә әүерелә, ә латыш теле ауылдарҙа йәшәгән халыҡ теле булып ҡала. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация">Реформация</a> дәүерендә руханиәт латыш теленә ҡыҙыҡһыныу күрһәтә башлай<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Латыш әҙәби теленең тарихын өс осорға бүләләр<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ157_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>иҫке латыш теле (<i>senā latviešu valoda</i>; XVI—XIX быуаттың беренсе яртыһы). Латыш телен немец руханиҙары дини текстарҙа файҙалана башлай, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия">Библия</a> латыш теленә тәржемә ителә, тәүге һүҙлектәр һәм грамматикалар барлыҡҡа килә;</li> <li>йәш латыш теле (1850—1890-сы йылдар). Милли уяныу дәүерендә әҙәби телдең аяҡҡа баҫыуы;</li> <li>хәҙерге латыш теле (1890-сы йылдарҙан алып).</li></ul> <p>Латыш телендәге тәүге китап 1525 йылда нәшер ителә, ләкин ул беҙҙең заманға килеп етмәгән. Һаҡланған тәүге текст 1550 йылға ҡарай, ул С. Мюнстерҙың «Космография» тигән китабына индерелгән өҙөк<sup id="cite_ref-Блинкена215_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Блинкена215-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>XVI быуаттың икенсе яртыһынан латыш телендә уҡытылған мәктәптәр асыла башлай, XVII быуатта бындай мәктәптәр ауылдарҙа ла, ҡалаларҙа ла була. 1685—1694 йылдарҙа немец пасторы Э. Глюк Библияны латыш теленә тәржемә итә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Фонетика_һәм_фонология"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Фонетика һәм фонология</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Фонетика һәм фонология бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="Фонетика һәм фонология бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Һуҙынҡылар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.83.D2.99.D1.8B.D0.BD.D2.A1.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һуҙынҡылар</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Һуҙынҡылар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="Һуҙынҡылар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1822 йылда К. Ф. Ватсон латыш телендәге тәүге гәзитте — <i>Latweeschu Awises</i> (<i>Latviešu Avīzes</i> — хәҙерге орфографияла) — "Латышская газета"ны аса. 1856 йылда йәш латыштар хәрәкәтенең эшмәкәрлеге башлана, улар бөтә ил буйлап милли үҙаңды уятыу маҡсатында түңәрәктәр ойоштора. </p><p>Әҙәби латыш теленең үҫешенә латыштарҙың ауылдарҙан ҡалаларға күпләп күсенә башлауы ла көслө йоғонто яһай<sup id="cite_ref-Дини372_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Дини372-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 1879 йылда Лифляндия губернаһында грамоталылыҡ 77,7 процент тәшкил итә (Рәсәй империяһындағы уртаса күрһәткес 27 процент була). </p><p> Йәш латыштар әҙәби латыш теленең лексик составын байытыуға ҙур өлөш индерә. Был түбәндәге ысулдар менән эшләнә: диалекттарҙан лексика йыйыу (диал. <i>krasa</i> «ҡойма ямғыр» > лит. <i>krasa</i> «ҡыҫҡа ҡойма ямғыр»); башҡа балтик телдәренән һүҙҙәр үҙләштереү (прус. <i>kermens</i> «кәүҙә» > <i>ķermenis</i> «кәүҙә», <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Литва теле">лит.</a> <i><span lang="lt">kareivis</span></i> «һалдат» > <i>kareivis</i> «һалдат»); неологизмдар яһау (<i>zināt</i> «белергә» > <i>zinātne</i> «фән», <i>nākt</i> «килергә» > <i>nākotne</i> «киләсәк»); интернациональ лексиканы үҙләштереү . Латвия бойондороҡһоҙлоҡ яулағас, әҙәби телде унификациялауға ынтылыштар логик дауамын таба. Мәктәптәрҙә берҙәм норма индерелә, лингвистик тикшеренеүҙәр әүҙемләшә<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Шаблон [[:Ҡалып:Lang-xx]] используется для оформления первого вхождения фрагмента на данном языке внутри русского текста статей. Для вывода без видимого указания названия языка, а также последующих вставок иноязычного текста следует использовать шаблон [[:Ҡалып:Lang-хх2]]. Для каждого из языков существует свой шаблон вида [[:Ҡалып:Lang-xx]], где «xx» — код языка по стандарту ISO 639. См. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Шаблон:Lang">Lang-lt</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">текст</span><span data-key="1" title="Текст на выбранном языке" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="1" style="position: relative;">kareivis</div></div></div></div><p>Латвияны СССР-ға ҡушҡандан һуң унда рустарҙың һаны ҡырҡа арта: 1930-сы йылдарҙа 12 процент була, 1959 йылға 26,6 процентҡа, ә 1970 йылға инде 29,8 процентҡа етә. Шуның менән бергә рус теленең латыш теленә йоғонтоһо ла арта бара. Латыштар араһында латыш-рус билингвизмы үҫә. Рус телен белеү ҡатын-ҡыҙҙарға ҡарағанда ирҙәр араһында нығыраҡ таралған була, был СССР-ҙа хәрби хеҙмәткә барыу мәжбүрилеге менән аңлатыла. Рус теле хакимиәт өлкәһендә һәм производство инструкциялары теле булараҡ та латыш телен ҡыҫырыҡлап сығара, ул ваҡытлы матбуғат сараларында һәм мәғариф учреждениеларында киң файҙаланыла. Ошолар бөтәһе латыш теленә рус теленән күпләп үҙләштерелгән һүҙҙәрҙең һәм калькаларҙың инеүенә булышлыҡ итә. Әммә шул уҡ ваҡытта латыш милли мәҙәниәтенең йылдам үҫеүе һәм латыш телен ҡулланыу даирәһенең киңәйеүе лә бара<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>СССР тарҡалғас, Латвияла латыш теле дәүләт теле булып ҡала, рус телен ҡулланыу даирһе тарайтыла, милли әҙселектәрҙең латыш телен белеү кимәле үҫә, латыш телен контролдә тотҡан дәүләт учреждениеларының эше әүҙемләшә. 1989 йылда дәүләт хеҙмәтенә инеүселәр өсөн латыш теле буйынса имтихан индерелә<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Яҙмаһы"><span id=".D0.AF.D2.99.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Яҙмаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Яҙмаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=5" title="Яҙмаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png/300px-Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png/450px-Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Latvian_Ergonomic_Keyboard_Layout.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Латышса баҫмаҡ бүленеше</figcaption></figure> <p>Башта латыш яҙмаһы немец өлгөһө буйынса төҙөлә. Готик шрифт ҡулланыла. 1908 йылда К. Мюленбах етәкселегендәге комиссия диакритик билдәләр менән антиква нигеҙендәге алфавит версияһын төҙөй, 1919 йылда ул раҫлана. 1946 йылда алфавиттан <i>ŗ </i> (/rʲ/ өнөнөң яҙылышы) алып ташлана, ул әҙәби телдә һәм күп һөйләштәрҙә /r/-ға тап килә. 1957 йылдан /x/ өнө яҙылышы булған <i>ch</i> урынына <i>h </i>индерелә<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ157_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ157-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Блинкена215_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Блинкена215-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Алфавиттан шулай уҡ <i>ō</i> хәрефе бөтөрөлә. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg/200px-Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg/300px-Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg/400px-Divdesmit_Lati_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2469" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>1936 йылғы <i>ō </i>хәрефле 20 латлыҡ купюра</figcaption></figure> <table class="" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="standard" style="text-align:center; font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, sans-serif;"> <tbody><tr> <th>№ </th> <th>Хәреф </th> <th>Атамаһы </th> <th>Әйтелеше (МФА) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <th>A a </th> <td><i>a</i> </td> <td>[ ɑ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <th>Ā ā </th> <td><i>garais a</i> </td> <td>[ ɑː ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <th>B b </th> <td><i>bē</i> </td> <td>[ b ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <th>C c </th> <td><i>cē</i> </td> <td>[ t͡s ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <th>Č č </th> <td><i>čē</i> </td> <td>[ t͡ʃ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <th>D d </th> <td><i>dē</i> </td> <td>[ d ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <th>E e </th> <td><i>e</i> </td> <td>[ ɛ ] [ æ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <th>Ē ē </th> <td><i>garais e</i> </td> <td>[ ɛː ] [ æː ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <th>F f </th> <td><i>ef</i> </td> <td>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Voiceless labiodental fricative (был бит юҡ)">f</a> ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <th>G g </th> <td><i>gā</i> </td> <td>[ g ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <th>Ģ ģ </th> <td><i>ģē</i> </td> <td>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Voiced_palatal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Voiced palatal stop (был бит юҡ)">ɟ</a> ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <th>H h </th> <td><i>hā</i> </td> <td>[ x ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <th>I i </th> <td><i>i</i> </td> <td>[ i ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <th>Ī ī </th> <td><i>garais i</i> </td> <td>[ iː ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <th>J j </th> <td><i>jē</i> </td> <td>[ j ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <th>K k </th> <td><i>kā</i> </td> <td>[ k ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <th>Ķ ķ </th> <td><i>ķē</i> </td> <td>[ c ] </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="standard" style="text-align:center; font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, sans-serif;"> <tbody><tr> <th>№ </th> <th>Хәреф </th> <th>Атамаһы </th> <th>Әйтелеше (МФА) </th></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <th>L l </th> <td><i>el</i> </td> <td>[ l ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <th>Ļ ļ </th> <td><i>eļ</i> </td> <td>[ ʎ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <th>M m </th> <td><i>em</i> </td> <td>[ m ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <th>N n </th> <td><i>en</i> </td> <td>[ n ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <th>Ņ ņ </th> <td><i>eņ</i> </td> <td>[ ɲ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <th>O o </th> <td><i>o</i> </td> <td>[u̯ɐ] [ ɔ ] [ ɔː ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <th>P p </th> <td><i>pē</i> </td> <td>[ p ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <th>R r </th> <td><i>er</i> </td> <td>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Alveolar_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Alveolar trill (был бит юҡ)">r</a> ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <th>S s </th> <td><i>es</i> </td> <td>[ s ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <th>Š š </th> <td><i>eš</i> </td> <td>[ ʃ ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <th>T t </th> <td><i>tē</i> </td> <td>[ t ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <th>U u </th> <td><i>u</i> </td> <td>[ u ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <th>Ū ū </th> <td><i>garais u</i> </td> <td>[ uː ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <th>V v </th> <td><i>vē</i> </td> <td>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Voiced_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Voiced labiodental fricative (был бит юҡ)">v</a> ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <th>Z z </th> <td><i>zē</i> </td> <td>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Voiced alveolar fricative (был бит юҡ)">z</a> ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <th>Ž ž </th> <td><i>žē</i> </td> <td>[ ʒ ] </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span>Төп латыш һүҙҙәрендә, боронғо үҙләштерелгән һүҙҙәрҙә, топонимдарҙың күбеһендә, ҡайһы бер фамилияларҙа </span><i>o</i> хәрефе <i>u̯ɐ</i> дифтонгыһы итеп уҡыла. Яңы үҙләштерелгән һүҙҙәрҙә, ҡайһы бер топонимдарҙа һәм фамилияларҙа ул <i>ɔ</i> йәки <i>ɔ</i> тип уҡыла. Ҡайһы бер һүҙҙәрҙә, мәҫәлән, <i>citrons</i> «лимон» һәм <i>balkons</i> «балкон» <i>ɔː</i> менән <i>u̯ɐ </i>араһында тирбәлеүҙәр күҙәтелә<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Һуҙынҡыларҙың оҙонлоғо макрон менән билдәләнә (<i>garumzīme</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Фонетика_һәм_фонология_2"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F_2"></span>Фонетика һәм фонология</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Фонетика һәм фонология бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=6" title="Фонетика һәм фонология бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Һуҙынҡылар_2"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.83.D2.99.D1.8B.D0.BD.D2.A1.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80_2"></span>Һуҙынҡылар</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Һуҙынҡылар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=7" title="Һуҙынҡылар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хәҙерге латыш теленең һуҙынҡы өндәр системаһында түбәндәге монофтонгылар бар (<b>ː</b> билдәһе менән оҙон һуҙынҡылар билдәләнә)<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ158_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ158-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nau7_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nau7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="standard" style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width:100px">Күтәрен-келеге </th> <th colspan="3">Рәт </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:100px">Алғы </th> <th style="width:100px">Урта </th> <th style="width:100px">Артҡы </th></tr> <tr> <td>Өҫкө </td> <td>i iː </td> <td>u uː </td></tr> <tr> <td>Урта </td> <td>ɛ ɛː </td> <td>(ɔ) (ɔː) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Аҫҡы </td> <td>æ æː </td> <td>a aː </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Тартынҡылар"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BD.D2.A1.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Тартынҡылар</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Тартынҡылар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=8" title="Тартынҡылар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Латыш теленең консонантизм системаһы (йәйәләрҙә фонемаларҙың урынға бәйле варианттары йә үҙләштерелгән һүҙҙәрҙә генә осраусан фонемалар бирелә; тартынҡылар парҙарында һулда — һаңғырау, уңда яңғырау тартынҡылар бирелә)<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ159_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ159-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nau6_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nau6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ирен </th> <th>Альвеоляр </th> <th>Постальвеоляр </th> <th>Палаталь </th> <th>Веляр </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Шартлаусан </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">p</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">t</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">c</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">k</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Танау </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ŋ</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Аффрикаттар </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">t͡s</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">d͡z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">t͡ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Арауыҡ </th> <td>(<span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">f</a></span>) <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">s</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">x</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Аппроксиманттар<br /> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Звонкий лабиовелярный аппроксимант (был бит юҡ)">w</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">j</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Яҡ </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">ʎ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Дерелдәүек </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит">r</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Морфология"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Морфология</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Морфология бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=9" title="Морфология бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Латыш телендә ун <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D2%AF%D2%99_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Һүҙ төркөмдәре">һүҙ төркөмө</a> бар: <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9)" title="Исем (һүҙ төркөмө)">исем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сифат">сифат,</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9)" title="Һан (һүҙ төркөмө)">һан,</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9)" title="Алмаш (һүҙ төркөмө)">алмаш</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Рәүеш">рәүеш</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ҡылым">ҡылым</a>, предлог, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Теркәүес">теркәүес</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%81%D3%99" title="Киҫәксә">киҫәксә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ымлыҡтар">ымлыҡ</a>. </p><p>Үҙгәртелә торған һүҙ төркөмдәренең биш килеше (төп, эйәлек, төбәү, төшөм, урын) һәм шулай уҡ килеш тип иҫәпләнгән саҡырыу формаһы бар<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Латыш телендә родтар икәү — ир һәм ҡатын-ҡыҙ<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Синтаксис"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.81"></span>Синтаксис</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Синтаксис бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=10" title="Синтаксис бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Латыш теле — номинатив төҙөлөшлө тел. Һүҙҙәр тәртибе ирекле, SVO тәртибе нигеҙ булып тора. Аныҡлаусы ғәҙәттә аныҡланыусы алдынан ҡуйыла<sup id="cite_ref-ЯМ187_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЯМ187-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Синтаксик модаллек буйынса һөйләмдәр биш төргә бүленә: хәбәр, һорау, бойороҡ, теләк һәм өндәү. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=11" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Комментарийҙар<div class="references-small" style=""></div></dt></dl> <dl><dt>Сығанаҡтар<div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"></div></dt></dl> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.).</i> <span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lvs">Latvian, Standard : A language of Latvia (Ethnologue report for language code:lvs)</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i>. Dallas, Texas: SIL International (22 февраль 2015). — «Population 1,470,000 in Latvia (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 2,068,060 (as L1: 1,571,060; as L2: 497,000).» <small>Дата обращения: 6 октябрь 2016.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706233813/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lvs">Архивировано</a> 6 июль 2015 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="lv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-07.px/?rxid=cdcb978c-22b0-416a-aacc-aa650d3e2ce0">TSG11-07. PASTĀVĪGIE IEDZĪVOTĀJI PA STATISTISKAJIEM REĢIONIEM, REPUBLIKAS PILSĒTĀM UN NOVADIEM PĒC DZIMUMA, MĀJĀS PĀRSVARĀ LIETOTĀS VALODAS UN PA VECUMA GRUPĀM 2011.GADA 1.MARTĀ</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на латышском языке">(латыш.)</span>. <i>Tautas skaitīšana 2011. 2011.gada tautas skaitīšanas galīgie rezultāti</i>. Centrālās statistikas pārvaldes (2011). <small>Дата обращения: 25 октябрь 2015.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valoda.lv/images/stories/valodas_politikas_pamatnostadnes_2015-2020.doc">Par Valsts valodas politikas pamatnostādnēm 2015.-2020.gadam (informatīvā daļa). Ministru kabineta. rīkojums Nr.630 (prot. Nr.58 47.§)</a>. — Rīgā, 2014.gada 3.novembrī. — P. 11—12.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rus.delfi.lv/news/daily/latvia/16-tysyach-amerikancev-govoryat-doma-po-latyshski.d?id=46695981">16 тысяч американцев говорят дома по-латышски</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. rus.DELFI.lv (10 ноябрь 2015). <small>Дата обращения: 25 ғинуар 2016.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/bL1SP">Архивировано</a> 25 ғинуар 2016 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Materials/tab6.xls">Население Российской Федерации по владению языками (Приложение 6)</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <i>Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010. Распространение языков</i>. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (2001—2015). <small>Дата обращения: 18 октябрь 2015.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2018 йыл 13 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413131745/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Materials/tab6.xls">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="ru"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.8-0.pdf">Население по национальности и родному языку. Все население: Оба пола (Таблица 5.8)</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке урыҫ теле">(урыҫ)</span></span>. <i>Перепись населения Республики Беларусь 2009 года</i> 1. Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь (12 август 2010). <small>Дата обращения: 22 октябрь 2015.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2017 йыл 9 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009183758/http://www.belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.8-0.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="ru"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.9-0.pdf">Население по национальности и языку, на котором обычно разговаривает дома. Все население: Оба пола (Таблица 5.9)</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке урыҫ теле">(урыҫ)</span></span>. <i>Перепись населения Республики Беларусь 2009 года</i> 1. Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь (12 август 2010). <small>Дата обращения: 22 октябрь 2015.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 13 ғинуар <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113092028/https://www.belstat.gov.by/uploads/file/GU_demogr/5.9-0.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ЯМ189-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ189_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 189. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Kabelka J.</i> Baltų filologijos įvadas : Vadovėlis respublikos aukštųjų mokyklų filologijos specialybės studentams. — Vilnius: Mokslas, 1982. — С. 92.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 314. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 191. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 190. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Gāters A.</i> Die lettische Sprache und ihre Dialekte. — The Hague — Paris — New York : Mouton Publishers, 1977. — P. 13. — (Trends in Linguistics. State-of-the-Art Reports, 9). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9027931267" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-279-3126-7</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 315. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Smoczyński W.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Języki bałtyckie</span> // Języki indoeuropejskie. — Warszawa: PWN, 1986. — S. 870—871.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 80-81. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smoczyński872-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smoczyński872_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Smoczyński W.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Języki bałtyckie</span> // Języki indoeuropejskie. — Warszawa: PWN, 1986. — S. 872.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 195. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Petit D.</i> Untersuchengen zu den baltischen Sprachen. — Leiden — Boston: Brill, 2010. — С. 26. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9789004178366" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-04-17836-6</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 196. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Блинкена216-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Блинкена216_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Блинкена А. Я.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Языки Российской Федерации и соседних государств. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, 2001. — Т. 2. — С. 216. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5020112682" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-011268-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Prauliņš D.</i> Latvian. An Essential Grammar. — London — New York: Routledge, 2012. — P. 2. — (Routledge Essential Grammars). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57691-8</a> (hbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576925" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57692-5</a> (pbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780203124420" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-203-12442-0</a> (ebk).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ЯМ157-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ157_23-0">23,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ157_23-1">23,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 157. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Блинкена215-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Блинкена215_24-0">24,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Блинкена215_24-1">24,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Блинкена А. Я.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Языки Российской Федерации и соседних государств. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, 2001. — Т. 2. — С. 215. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5020112682" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-011268-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Дини372-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Дини372_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 372. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 377. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 386—388. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — С. 398—399. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Prauliņš D.</i> Latvian. An Essential Grammar. — London — New York: Routledge, 2012. — P. 10—12. — (Routledge Essential Grammars). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57691-8</a> (hbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576925" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57692-5</a> (pbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780203124420" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-203-12442-0</a> (ebk).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Prauliņš D.</i> Latvian. An Essential Grammar. — London — New York: Routledge, 2012. — P. 7. — (Routledge Essential Grammars). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57691-8</a> (hbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576925" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57692-5</a> (pbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780203124420" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-203-12442-0</a> (ebk).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ЯМ158-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ158_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 158. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nau7-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nau7_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Nau N.</i> Latvian. — München — Newcastle: Lincom Europa, 1998. — P. 7. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/3895862282" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89586-228-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ЯМ159-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ159_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 159. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nau6-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nau6_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Nau N.</i> Latvian. — München — Newcastle: Lincom Europa, 1998. — P. 6. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/3895862282" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89586-228-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 167. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Nau N.</i> Latvian. — München — Newcastle: Lincom Europa, 1998. — P. 21. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/3895862282" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89586-228-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ЯМ187-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ЯМ187_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 187. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=12" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Блинкена А. Я.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Языки Российской Федерации и соседних государств. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, 2001. — Т. 2. — С. 214—224. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5020112682" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-011268-2</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дини П.</i> Балтийские языки / Под ред. и с предисл. В. Н. Топорова, пер. с итал. А. В. Топорова. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: ОГИ, 2002. — 544 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5942820465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-94282-046-5</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Сталтмане В. Э.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Латышский язык</span> // Балтийские языки. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Academia, 2006. — С. 155—193. — (Языки мира). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5874442251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87444-225-1</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Mathiassen T.</i> A Short Grammar of Latvian. — Columbus, Oh: Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1997. — 236 p. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0893572675" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89357-267-5</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Nau N.</i> Latvian. — München — Newcastle: Lincom Europa, 1998. — 66 p. — (Languages of the world / Materials: Materials, 217. — ISSN 0940-0788). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/3895862282" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89586-228-2</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Prauliņš D.</i> Latvian. An Essential Grammar. — London — New York: Routledge, 2012. — x, 249, [5] p. — (Routledge Essential Grammars). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57691-8</a> (hbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780415576925" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-57692-5</a> (pbk), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780203124420" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-203-12442-0</a> (ebk).</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&section=13" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vardnica.virtualis.lv/">Latviešu-krievu, krievu-latviešu vārdnīca = Латышско-русский, русско-латышский словарь</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vardnica.virtualis.lv/index.php?action=authors">vardnica team & ghosts (Сергей Ларионов, Павел Пузырёв, Виктор Мейранс)</a> (2003—2015). <small>Дата обращения: 24 октябрь 2015.</small></span></li> <li><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1variants.lv/dictionary.php?lang=ru">Latviešu-krievu vārdnīca = Латышско-русский словарь (ver. 3.50b)</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. SIA «1. VARIANTS» (2002—2015). <small>Дата обращения: 24 октябрь 2015.</small></span></li> <li><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acl.lv/ru/">Latviešu-krievu-angļu tulkotājs = Free online English-Russian-Latvian translation = Русско-латышско-английский переводчик онлайн</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. www.acl.lv (2007). <small>Дата обращения: 24 октябрь 2015.</small></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Латыш_теле&oldid=1260028">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Латыш_теле&oldid=1260028</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B,_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_JsonConfig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Страницы, использующие расширение JsonConfig (был бит юҡ)">Страницы, использующие расширение JsonConfig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:Алфавит буйынса телдәр һәм диалекттар">Алфавит буйынса телдәр һәм диалекттар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Категория:Латыш теле">Латыш теле</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр">ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи о языках с картой из Викиданных">Википедия:Статьи о языках с картой из Викиданных</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)">Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 15:06 12 ноябрь 2023 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; өҫтәмә шарттар ҡулланылыуы мөмкин. 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