L’Univers primordial

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/" : "http://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "22"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", 1]);if (!window.matomo_search_results_active) {_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);}_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script> <meta name="keywords" content="physics, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, LHC, high-energy physics, particles, science" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://home.cern/fr/science/early-universe" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CERN" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://home.cern/fr/science/early-universe" /> <meta property="og:title" content="L’Univers primordial" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=medium" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cern" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="L’Univers primordial" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cds.cern.ch/images//file?size=medium" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://home.cern/science/physics/early-universe" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://home.cern/fr/science/early-universe" /> <title>L’Univers primordial | CERN</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-loading/css/cern_loading.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.carousel.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.theme.default.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/story-page/css/story-page.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/screen.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/cookieconsent.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/css/menu.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/css/component-preview-card.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/color/cernpublic-ac827e9a/colors.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/base.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/layout.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/footer.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/header.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/pagination.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/forms.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/fields.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/dropdown.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/progress.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/accordion.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/social-sharing.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/theme.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/cookies.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/viewspage.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/faq-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/agenda-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/news-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/stories-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/resources-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/taxonomies-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/search-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/common-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/generic-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/layout.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/overrides.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/header.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/blocks.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="preload" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/images/loader.gif" as="image"> </head> <body class="page-node-499 page-node-type-story_page cern-theme-on path-node page-node-type-story-page has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Aller au contenu principal </a> <div id="cern-global-loading-layout"><span><span></span></span><span></span></div><div id="cern-toolbar" role="group" aria-label="Barre d'outils CERN" class="user-not-authenticated"> <h1> <a href="//home.cern" title="CERN"> CERN <span>Accélérateur de science</span> </a> </h1> <ul> <li class="signin"> <div class="item-list item-list-length-1"> <ul class="cern-signedin toolbar-submenu"><li class="cern-account-links"><a href="https://home.cern/fr/user/login?destination=fr/science/early-universe" class="cern-account cern-signin cern-single-mobile-signin">Connexion</a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="//cern.ch/directory" class="cern-directory" title="Recherche et liens utiles">Liens utiles</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header role="banner"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="site-info col-xs-12 col-sm-2 col-md-3 col-lg-4"> <div class="site-info__logo col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3"> <a href="/fr" title="Accueil" rel="home"> <img src="/sites/default/files/logo/cern-logo.png" alt="home"/> </a> </div> <div class="site-info__text col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-0 col-xs-9"> </div> </div> <div class="site-nav col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-md-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="region region-header"> <section id="block-cernmegamenu" class="block block-block-content block-block-content51503ac3-f37a-4ef6-9d9e-34cac1020012 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-b-menu field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block-mainnavigation-cern-megamenu"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Le CERN </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>CERN</h2> <p>Au CERN, nous sondons la structure fondamentale de la matière qui compose tout ce qui nous entoure. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les instruments scientifiques les plus grands et les plus complexes du monde.</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a href="/fr/about">En savoir plus</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5898">Qui sommes-nous ?</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are/our-mission" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5273">Nos missions</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are/our-governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5277">Notre gouvernance</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are/our-governance/member-states" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5278">Nos États membres</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are/our-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5028">Notre histoire</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/who-we-are/our-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5430">Our People</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5899">Quelles sont nos recherches ?</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/fundamental-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920">Recherche fondamentale</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/our-impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5435">Contribuer à la société</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/environmentally-responsible-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185640">Recherche respectueuse de l'environnement</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/bring-nations-together" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/157979">Rassembler les nations</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/inspire-educate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9390">Sensibiliser et former</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources/faqs" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources/faqs">Faits et FAQs</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/about/key-achievements" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5497">Nos réalisations</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Key achievements submenu FR</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/physics/higgs-boson">Boson de Higgs</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust">Le boson W</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/physics/z-boson">Le boson Z</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">Grand collisionneur de hadrons</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/computing/birth-web">La naissance du web</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/science/physics/antimatter">Antimatière</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Actualités </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-cern-news-menu-featured view-id-cern_news_menu_featured view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-356e682b125c75498d01c6ca7bc6f0a19cbebcea526f5e9c5a0ada771ecae5ac cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <div class="view-header"> <p>Actualités, opinions, annonces et articles à la une</p> </div> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191265" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/202410-267_167.jpg?itok=9FkCAvwX') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/202410-267_167.jpg?itok=9FkCAvwX" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/cern-council-selects-mark-thomson-next-director-general-starting-2026"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/cern-council-selects-mark-thomson-next-director-general-starting-2026" hreflang="fr" title="Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme prochain directeur général du CERN à compter de 2026"> <span> Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T11:00:02Z">6 novembre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191152" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern" hreflang="fr" title="Le drapeau de l’Estonie hissé au CERN"> <span> Le drapeau de l’Estonie hissé au CERN </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-17T12:33:54Z">17 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191124" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Picture%201.jpg?itok=YeI6iEmy') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Picture%201.jpg?itok=YeI6iEmy" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future" hreflang="fr" title="La physique des particules dessine son avenir"> <span> La physique des particules dessine son avenir... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-11T09:08:31Z">11 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191077" id="preview-card--4" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks" hreflang="fr" title="Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de célébrer sept décennies de découvertes et de se projeter vers un futur brillant pour la science et l’innovation"> <span> Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-01T10:00:00Z">1 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/fr/news?audience=23">Dernières actualités</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/news?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Actualités</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Accélérateurs</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Au CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Expériences</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Informatique</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Ingénierie</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Partage de connaissances</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Physique</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Évènements</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/cern-community" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5872">Communauté du CERN</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Dernières actualités et annonces</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?type=45" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"45"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Communications officielles</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/taxonomy/term/494" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/494">Évènements</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/scientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5827">Scientifiques</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/news?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Actualités</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5032">Presse</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Press Room submenu FR</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/news?audience=22">Dernières actualités</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/press/resources">Ressources</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/fr/press/contact">Contact Bureau de Presse</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Science </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Science</font></font></h2> <figure class="cds-image" id="CERN-IT-1209226-01"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-IT-1209226-01" title="View on CDS"><img alt="Computer Center" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-IT-1209226-01/file?size=small"></a></figure> <p><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">CERN's research program covers many topics, from antimatter to dark matter, from the Standard Model to supersymmetry</font></font></p> <p class="cern-btn"><a href="/fr/science"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align: inherit;">Learn more</font></font></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/science/physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">Physique</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/physics/antimatter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5026">Antimatière</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/physics/dark-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497">Matière noire</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/early-universe" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499" class="is-active">Univers primordial</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/physics/higgs-boson" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/182651">Boson de Higgs</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/physics/standard-model" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/496">Modèle standard</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/physics" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">Accélérateurs</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18036">Complexe d'accélérateurs</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/428">Décélérateur d'antiprotons</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/432">Grand collisionneur de hadrons</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5248">LHC à haute luminosité</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/accelerators" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/science/engineering" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">Ingénierie</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/engineering/accelerating-radiofrequency-cavities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/455">Accélérer: Les cavités radiofréquence</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/pulling-together-superconducting-electromagnets" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/452">Guider et focaliser: Les aimants et la supraconductivité</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/engineering/vacuum-empty-interstellar-space" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/454">Circuler: Le vide et l'ultravide</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/engineering/cryogenics-low-temperatures-high-performance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/451">Refroidir: La cryogénie</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/engineering/powering-cern" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/453">Alimenter: L'énergie au CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/engineering" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/science/computing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">Informatique</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing/data-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5733">Le centre de calcul du CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing/grid" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5736">La Grille de calcul mondiale pour le LHC</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing/cern-openlab" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5759">CERN openlab</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing/open-source-open-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5747">Logiciels libres pour une science ouverte</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing/birth-web" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5762">La naissance du web</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/computing" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/fr/science/experiments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">Expériences</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/experiments/alice" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/470">ALICE</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/experiments/atlas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/471">ATLAS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/experiments/cms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/472">CMS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/experiments/lhcb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/473">LHCb</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/science/experiments" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Ressources </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-resource-menu-content view-id-resource_menu_content view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-89b740cd2aa50bce946d56ad1ade56dc97bc41e87438797463ae7f0754a2a8b0 cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <h1 class="mb-3 mt-3 text-center">Featured resources</h1> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5054" id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201809-249-16/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-201809-249-16/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/resources/annual-report/cern/annual-reports"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/resources/annual-report/cern/annual-reports" hreflang="fr" title="Rapport annuel"> <span> Rapport annuel </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Annual report </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2018-06-20T16:48:31Z">20 juin, 2018</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5179" id="preview-card--6" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-09/FAQ-LHC-FR-cover-min.JPG?itok=5liGbOgG') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-09/FAQ-LHC-FR-cover-min.JPG?itok=5liGbOgG" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures" hreflang="fr" title="FAQ - Guide du LHC"> <span> FAQ - Guide du LHC </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Brochure </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Knowledge sharing </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2022-05-10T10:00:00Z">10 mai, 2022</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/fr/resources">Voir toutes les ressources</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>Par sujet </span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Accélérateurs</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Au CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Informatique</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Ingénierie</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Expériences</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Partage de connaissances</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Physique</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>Par format</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=62" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"62"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Image 360</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=53" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"53"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Rapport annuel</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=56" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"56"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Brochure</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources/bulletin/cern/cern-bulletin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5055">Bulletin pour la communauté du CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=52" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"52"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">CERN Courier</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=59" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"59"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Image</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?type=61" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"61"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Vidéo</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>Par public</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Communauté du CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=21" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"21"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Enseignants</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Grand public</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=17" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"17"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Industrie</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/ressources/par-public/resources-topic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5436">Presse</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Scientifiques</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources?audience=20" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"20"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Étudiants</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/fr/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ et plus</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown cern-menu-search"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle cern-menu-item-search">rechercher</a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-8 cern-menu-content-search"> <span class="placeholder-of-search hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC PAGE 1, BULLETIN...</span> <span class="placeholder-of-search-mobile hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/fr/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Rechercher</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Indiquer les termes à rechercher" data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Rechercher" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Rechercher" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Rechercher</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> fr <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499" class="en"><a href="/science/physics/early-universe" class="language-link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499" class="fr is-active"><a href="/fr/science/early-universe" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-story_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="layout layout__region story-page-node-layout-content"> <div class="field--items"> </div> <div class="container story-page-legacy-title-no-image"> <h1 class="story-page-node--title text-center mb-2"> L’Univers primordial </h1> <p class="story-page-node--strap text-center mb-4"><b>Toute la matière de l’Univers s’est formée il y a 13,7 milliards d’années, lors d’un événement explosif, le Big Bang</b></p> </div> <div class="container story-page-legacy-body"> <div class="story-page-node--body mt-2 clearfix"> <h2>Le Big Bang</h2> <p>En 1929, l’astronome américain Edwin Hubble découvrit que la distance des galaxies à la Terre était proportionnelle à leur décalage spectral. Il y a décalage spectral lorsqu’une source de lumière s’éloigne de son observateur. La longueur d’onde apparente de la lumière est étirée par effet Doppler vers la partie rouge du spectre. L’observation de Hubble signifiait que les galaxies distantes s'éloignaient de l'observateur, les galaxies les plus lointaines ayant les vitesses apparentes les plus rapides. Si les galaxies s'éloignent de nous aujourd’hui, en conclut Hubble, dans le passé, à un certain moment, elles devaient être très rapprochées les unes des autres.</p> <p>La découverte de Hubble constitua le premier élément d’observation à l’appui de la théorie de l’expansion de l’Univers proposée en 1927 par Georges Lemaître. Selon Lemaître, l’Univers primitif très dense et chaud serait entré en expansion de façon explosive, et cette expansion se poursuit aujourd’hui. Des calculs permirent par la suite d’estimer l’âge de l’Univers à environ 13,7 milliards d’années. En 1998, deux équipes indépendantes d’astronomes du Laboratoire de Berkeley, aux États-Unis, observèrent que les supernovas – des étoiles en explosion – s’éloignaient de la Terre de façon accélérée. Cette découverte leur valut <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/">le prix Nobel de physique en 2011</a>. Les physiciens supposaient que l’apparition de matière dans l’Univers aurait pour effet de ralentir l’expansion, et qu’à terme l’Univers se replierait sur lui-même sous l’effet de la gravité. Si la théorie ne peut décrire les conditions qui prévalaient au tout début de l'Univers, elle peut aider les physiciens à décrire les premiers instants qui ont suivi le début de l’expansion.</p> <h2>Les origines</h2> <p>Dans les tout premiers instants après le Big Bang, l'Univers était extrêmement chaud et dense. Lorsque l’Univers commença à se refroidir, les conditions permirent aux constituants de base de la matière – les quarks et les électrons, dont nous sommes tous constitués – de faire leur apparition. Quelques millionièmes de seconde plus tard, les quarks se sont assemblés pour produire des protons et des neutrons, lesquels se sont regroupés en quelques minutes pour constituer les noyaux des futurs atomes. Au fur et à mesure que l’Univers poursuivait son expansion et son refroidissement, le rythme s’est ralenti. Il a ainsi fallu 380 000 ans pour que les électrons soient capturés dans l'orbite des noyaux, donnant naissance aux premiers atomes. Il s’agissait essentiellement d’hélium et d’hydrogène, qui sont encore aujourd’hui, et de loin, les éléments les plus répandus dans l’Univers. Les observations actuelles suggèrent que les premières étoiles se sont formées à partir de nuages de gaz environ 150-200 millions d'années après le Big Bang. Désormais, des atomes plus lourds, tels que le carbone, l’oxygène et le fer, sont produits sans cesse au cœur des étoiles et sont projetés dans tout l'Univers lors d'explosions stellaires spectaculaires appelées supernovas.</p> <p>Mais les étoiles et les galaxies ne forment qu’une partie de l’Univers. Les calculs astronomiques et physiques montrent que l'Univers visible ne représente qu’une petite quantité (4 %) de l’ensemble. L’Univers est composé en grande partie (26 %) d’un type inconnu de matière appelé « <a href="/about/physics/dark-matter">matière noire</a> ». Contrairement aux étoiles et galaxies, la matière noire n’émet aucune source de lumière ou de rayonnement électromagnétique. Elle ne peut donc être détectée que par ses effets gravitationnels.</p> <p>Autre élément invisible, encore plus mystérieux, l’ « énergie noire », qui représente environ 70 % de l’ensemble masse-énergie de l’Univers. Toutes les galaxies semblent s’éloigner les unes des autres à un rythme accéléré, ce qui suppose qu’une énergie invisible, l’énergie noire, entre également en jeu.</p> </div> <div class="story-page-node--tags mt-2"> <a href="/tags/big-bang" hreflang="en">Big Bang</a><a href="/tags/supernova" hreflang="en">supernova</a><a href="/tags/astronomy" hreflang="en">astronomy</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="row cern-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 footer-first-col"> <div class="region region-footercolumn1"> <section id="block-followus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content6d2579e3-b650-496f-b854-0c744e176f43 clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Nous suivre</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p style="font-size:36px; font-family: CERNIcons, CernIcons, cern-icons; display: flex; gap: 10px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/cern"><img alt="Facebook icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5da97013-d976-42e3-aaf3-c2cdf2683c3d" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Facebook.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.instagram.com/cern"> <img alt="Instagram icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e80bf359-c309-4a5e-ae36-a6d4b950b285" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Instagram.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@cern_ontiktok"> <img alt="TikTok icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8fc6b5aa-066e-4eb5-88de-56b61690e174" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/TikTok_0.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://x.com/CERN"> <img alt="X icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f1391fcf-1b27-42d5-9712-2052e2fceee5" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/X.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/cern"> <img alt="LinkedIn icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8674b1e8-b762-48f5-a649-f251a0eb6ad7" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/LinkedIn.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/cerntv"> <img alt="Youtube icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d429f87c-f790-4309-b0be-970374a526f9" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Youtube.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://linktr.ee/CERN_official" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Autres comptes sur des médias sociaux</a></p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-8 footer-second-col"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class="region region-footercolumn2"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-findusmenu-menu" id="block-findusmenu"> <h2 id="block-findusmenu-menu">Nous trouver</h2> <ul class="menu menu--find-us-menu nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/fr/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/150">Nous contacter</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/fr/directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/153">Venir au CERN</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-contactus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content17426485-662a-41e2-b3c6-3e42f882ec6f clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p> </p> <ul> <li>CERN</li> <li>Esplanade des Particules 1</li> <li>Case postale</li> <li>1211 Genève 23</li> <li>Suisse</li> </ul></div> </div> </section> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn3"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-cernyoufr-menu" id="block-cernyoufr"> <h2 id="block-cernyoufr-menu">Le CERN & vous</h2> <ul class="menu menu--cern-you-fr nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="https://cern.ch/procurement">Travailler avec le CERN</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cern.ch/knowledgetransfer">Transfert de connaissances</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://voisins.web.cern.ch/fr">Vie locale</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cernandsocietyfoundation.cern/fr">CERN & Society Foundation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fr/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/160">Partenariats</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="https://alumni.cern/">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn4"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-generalinfofooter-menu" id="block-generalinfofooter"> <h2 id="block-generalinfofooter-menu">Informations Générales</h2> <ul class="menu menu--general-info-footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="https://careers.cern">Emplois</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://visit.cern/">Visites</a> </li> <li> <a href="/fr/data-privacy-protection-policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166">Protection des données personnelles</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/fr/cookies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/165">Politique de gestion des cookies</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copy-wrapper"> <a href="https://copyright.web.cern.ch/"> Copyright </a>  © 2024 CERN</div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"fr\/","currentPath":"node\/499","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"fr"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxdjlFywyAMRC9E0JE8wmhsOmBpJJHEt6-x0zbpD-zbXSESs5srCggL30lD-nWcuXqRMJNuU2XMZVtgwEtfwWglVHiHM0loBEvlhPVmvtefCemplvl_0tDXL3yCkXcZxI3huoKg4nL8aDXI2gVr_HNivx60lXKw3ZwajM2hl0nQ_Vho0GjrsVEu-GGL0r3QY5pRc3yHj5Y5637gQvGUtyHD6BqcZ2yce6Vv2IGCog","theme":"cernpublic","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/fr\/search\/node":true},"mathjax":{"config_type":1,"config":{"tex2jax":{"inlineMath":[["$","$"],["\$","\$"]],"processEscapes":"true"},"showProcessingMessages":"false","messageStyle":"none"}},"matomo":{"disableCookies":false,"trackMailto":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"modal_animation":1,"modal_backdrop":"true","modal_focus_input":1,"modal_keyboard":1,"modal_select_text":1,"modal_show":1,"modal_size":"","popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"30effdd7d92fd58752f7293da4916e148a53b5e7b0426e8ff61fff31efabda2e"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/underscore/underscore-min.js?v=1.13.6"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/languages/fr_N2mpnbpyKWCB5QUwowMEzbnrwEvlc6nOtjx2w-sbQsg.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-loading/js/cern_loading.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/config.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/libraries/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/setup.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/matomo/js/matomo.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/progress.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.2.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/message.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/ajax.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/cernbase.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/social-sharing.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/footer.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/agenda-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/faq-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/news-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/resources-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/stories-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/taxonomies-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/search-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/common-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/box-effects.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/ScrollMagic.min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/text-effects.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel2.thumbs.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/views_carousel.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/anchor-fix.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/sass/bootstrap/javascripts/bootstrap.min.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/drupal.bootstrap.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/attributes.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/theme.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/popover.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/tooltip.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/story-page/js/story-page.component.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/js/cern_toolbar.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/js/menu.component.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/js/component-preview-card.js?smqvgl"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

L’Univers primordial | CERN