CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="la" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Littera - Vicipaedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )lawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t."],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Ianuarius","Februarius","Martius","Aprilis","Maius","Iunius","Iulius","Augustus","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c16a69b7-454a-4004-9285-4d0fbc79ae3b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Littera","wgTitle":"Littera","wgCurRevisionId":3526208,"wgRevisionId":3526208,"wgArticleId":442,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["L ??","Latinitas ?? (nondum censa)","Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum","Latinitas dubia (dubsig)","Myrias Anthropologia","Pages using ISBN magic links","Abecedarium","Ars grammatica","Typographia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"la","wgPageContentLanguage":"la","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Littera","wgRelevantArticleId":442,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"la","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"la"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9788","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=la&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=la&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=la&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/1200px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1576"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/800px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1051"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/640px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="841"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Littera - Vicipaedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//la.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Recensere" href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vicipaedia (la)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//la.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.la"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Vicipaedia Fluxus Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Nuper_mutata&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Littera rootpage-Littera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima" title="Ire ad paginam primam [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina prima</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Novissima" title="Eventus novissimi"><span>Novissima</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Pagina_fortuita" title="Ire ad paginam fortuitam [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagina fortuita</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Omnia"><span>Categoriae</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata" title="Index nuper mutatorum in hac vici [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nuper mutata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Communitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Invitatio" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Invitatio"><span>Invitatio</span></a></li><li id="n-Taberna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Taberna"><span>Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Praefatio" title="Adiumentum ad hoc incepto utendum"><span>Auxilium</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vicipaedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-la.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Libera encyclopaedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-la.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Quaerere" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Quaerere apud Vicipaediam [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Quaerere</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Quaerere apud Vicipaediam" aria-label="Quaerere apud Vicipaediam" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Quaerere apud Vicipaediam [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specialis:Quaerere"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Quaerere</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Instrumenta personalia"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_la.wikipedia.org&uselang=la" class=""><span>Donationes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Rationem_creare&returnto=Littera" title="Suademus, ut nomen tibi imponas, neque cogeris" class=""><span>Sibi nomen imponere</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Conventum_aperire&returnto=Littera" title="Te nomen dare hortamur neque cogimus [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Nomen dare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Instrumenta personalia" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Instrumenta personalia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_la.wikipedia.org&uselang=la"><span>Donationes</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Rationem_creare&returnto=Littera" title="Suademus, ut nomen tibi imponas, neque cogeris"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sibi nomen imponere</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Conventum_aperire&returnto=Littera" title="Te nomen dare hortamur neque cogimus [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Nomen dare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Auxilium:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Conlationes_meae" title="Ostendit recensiones ex hoc loco IP factas [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Conlationes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Disputatio_mea" title="Disputatio de recensionibus ex hoc loco IP factis [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Disputatio huius IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Index" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Index</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Summarium_et_usus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summarium_et_usus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Summarium et usus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summarium_et_usus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litterae_Latinae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litterae_Latinae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litterae Latinae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litterae_Latinae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isidorus_Hispalensis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isidorus_Hispalensis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Isidorus Hispalensis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isidorus_Hispalensis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Littera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter" title="Letter – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Letter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchstabe" title="Buchstabe – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buchstabe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkwukwuuk_ik%E1%BB%8D" title="Nkwukwuuk ikọ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Nkwukwuuk ikọ" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81" title="حرف – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lletra" title="Lletra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lletra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF" title="ХӀарп – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀарп" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99rf" title="Hərf – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hərf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_(%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="حرف (دیلچیلیک) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حرف (دیلچیلیک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Хәреф – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хәреф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buachstob" title="Buachstob – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buachstob" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raidie" title="Raidie – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Raidie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Літара – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Літара – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Буква – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Буква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="अक्षर – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अक्षर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3_(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE)" title="বর্ণ (বর্ণমালা) – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্ণ (বর্ণমালা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenn" title="Lizherenn – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slovo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lletra" title="Lletra – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lletra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AA-m%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Cê-mō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cê-mō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="پیت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif" title="Arif – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arif" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmeno" title="Písmeno – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Písmeno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Саспалли – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Саспалли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llythyren" title="Llythyren – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llythyren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogstav" title="Bogstav – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bogstav" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchstabe" title="Buchstabe – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchstabe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herfe" title="Herfe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Herfe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Γράμμα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γράμμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet) – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Letter (alphabet)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litero" title="Litero – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4ht_(kiri)" title="Täht (kiri) – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täht (kiri)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="حرف (زبان‌شناسی) – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حرف (زبان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjain" title="Kirjain – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3kstavur" title="Bókstavur – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bókstavur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettre_(alphabet)" title="Lettre (alphabet) – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lettre (alphabet)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buksteew" title="Buksteew – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Buksteew" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter" title="Letter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Letter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litir_(aib%C3%ADtir)" title="Litir (aibítir) – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litir (aibítir)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97" title="拼音字 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拼音字" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8t_(%C3%A9kritir)" title="Lèt (ékritir) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèt (ékritir)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai" title="Tai – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harfa" title="Harfa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harfa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3-m%C3%BB" title="Sṳ-mû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ-mû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97" title="वर्ण विभाग – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्ण विभाग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slovo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismik" title="Pismik – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pismik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8t_(glif)" title="Lèt (glif) – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lèt (glif)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C5%B1" title="Betű – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Betű" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Տառ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տառ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Տառ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տառ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf" title="Huruf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Huruf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglak" title="Aglak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Aglak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litero" title="Litero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3kstafur" title="Bókstafur – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bókstafur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettera_(alfabeto)" title="Lettera (alfabeto) – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lettera (alfabeto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="字母" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lerfu" title="lerfu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lerfu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf" title="Huruf – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Huruf" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="ასო (ნიშანი) – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასო (ნიშანი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1rip" title="Hárip – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hárip" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asekkil" title="Asekkil – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asekkil" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8D" title="Тхыпкъэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тхыпкъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BF" title="Әріп – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әріп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%AA%A8" title="자모 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Хариф – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хариф" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEp" title="Tîp – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tîp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тамга – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тамга" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buschtaf" title="Buschtaf – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Buschtaf" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%C4%97" title="Raidė – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Raidė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burts" title="Burts – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Burts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Тяшкс – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тяшкс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litera" title="Litera – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Буква – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Буква" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അക്ഷരം – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്ഷരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Үсэг – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үсэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="अक्षर – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अक्षर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf" title="Huruf – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Huruf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookstaav" title="Bookstaav – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bookstaav" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter" title="Letter – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Letter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokstav" title="Bokstav – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bokstav" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokstav" title="Bokstav – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bokstav" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra_(alfabet)" title="Letra (alfabet) – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Letra (alfabet)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6" title="Дамгъæ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дамгъæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅੱਖਰ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੱਖਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litera" title="Litera – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Litera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="اکھر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اکھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanampa" title="Sanampa – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sanampa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liter%C4%83" title="Literă – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Literă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A2" title="Gramâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gramâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Буква – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буква" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Буква – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Буква" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="लकाराः – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लकाराः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Буукуба – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Буукуба" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littra_(signu_gr%C3%A0ficu)" title="Littra (signu gràficu) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Littra (signu gràficu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="اکر – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اکر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slovo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter" title="Letter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Letter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmeno" title="Písmeno – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Písmeno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crka" title="Črka – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puustav" title="Puustav – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Puustav" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhii" title="Bhii – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhii" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaraf" title="Xaraf – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xaraf" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkronja" title="Shkronja – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkronja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Слово – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слово" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokstav" title="Bokstav – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bokstav" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herufi" title="Herufi – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Herufi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="எழுத்து (இலக்கணம்) – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்து (இலக்கணம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2)" title="అక్షరం (వర్ణమాల) – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అక్షరం (వర్ణమాల)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ҳарф – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳарф" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3" title="ตัวอักษร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวอักษร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harp" title="Harp – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Harp" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik" title="Titik – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Titik" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harf" title="Harf – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Хәреф – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хәреф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Літера – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81" title="حرف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harf" title="Harf – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9tara_de_l%27alfabeto" title="Létara de l'alfabeto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Létara de l'alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_c%C3%A1i" title="Chữ cái – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ cái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete" title="Lete – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agi_(abakadahan)" title="Agi (abakadahan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Agi (abakadahan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oonobumba" title="Oonobumba – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Oonobumba" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91" title="בוכשטאב – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בוכשטאב" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8D" title="ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-b%C3%B3" title="Jī-bó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-bó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%9A%BB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="單隻字母 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單隻字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinhlamvu_Zamagama" title="Izinhlamvu Zamagama – Zuluana" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izinhlamvu Zamagama" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9788#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Littera" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Littera" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visae"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Littera"><span>Legere</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit" title="Hanc paginam recensere [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit" title="Fontem huius paginae recensere [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Fontem recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=history" title="Superiores huius paginae versiones [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historiam inspicere</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Instrumenta" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Instrumenta</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Littera"><span>Legere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit" title="Hanc paginam recensere [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit" title="Fontem huius paginae recensere [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Fontem recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=history"><span>Historiam inspicere</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Littera" title="Index paginarum quae hic nectunt [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nexus ad paginam</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata_annexorum/Littera" rel="nofollow" title="Nuper mutata in paginis quibus haec pagina nectit [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Nuper mutata annexorum</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=la" title="Fasciculos imponere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fasciculum imponere</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Paginae_speciales" title="Index paginarum specialium [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginae speciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&oldid=3526208" title="Nexus perpetuus ad hanc paginae redactionem"><span>Nexus perpetuus</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>De hac pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:CiteThisPage&page=Littera&id=3526208&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Institutiones de hac pagina citanda"><span>Hanc paginam citare</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLittera"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLittera"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimere vel exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Littera"><span>Librum creare</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:DownloadAsPdf&page=Littera&action=show-download-screen"><span>Paginam prehendere formá PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&printable=yes" title="Forma impressibilis huius paginae [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Forma impressibilis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inceptis aliis </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Letters" hreflang="en"><span>Vicimedia Communia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9788" title="Nexus ad rem repositorii Vicibasis [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Res Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-a10100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/VP:Expansio" title="VP:Expansio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/20px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/30px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/40px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-a11200" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Latinitas" title="Latinitas nondum censa"><img alt="Latinitas nondum censa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ButtonOrange.svg/8px-ButtonOrange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ButtonOrange.svg/12px-ButtonOrange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ButtonOrange.svg/16px-ButtonOrange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/300px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/450px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/600px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="3807" /></a><figcaption>Specimen fontium et linguarum typis a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulielmus_Caslon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulielmus Caslon (non est haec pagina)">Gulielmo Caslon</a>, conditore litterarum positum; a libro <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclopaedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclopaedia (non est haec pagina)">Cyclopaedia</a></i> (1728).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/220px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/330px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg/440px-NAMA_Alphabet_grec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Litterae <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Graeca" title="Lingua Graeca">Graecae</a> in vasi</figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/wiki/Litterae" title="Litterae">Litterae</a>.</span></div> <p><b>Littera</b> (<a href="https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Littera" class="extiw" title="wikt:Littera">-ae, <i>f.</i></a>) in quolibet <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium">alphabetico</a> <a href="/wiki/Scriptura" title="Scriptura">scripturae</a> systemate est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graphema (non est haec pagina)">graphema</a>, sicut in <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium_Graecum" class="mw-redirect" title="Abecedarium Graecum">abecedario Graeco</a> suisque progeniebus. Quaeque littera in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_scripta" title="Lingua scripta">lingua scripta</a> usitate cum uno <a href="/wiki/Phonema" title="Phonema">phonemate</a> (sono) in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_dicta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua dicta (non est haec pagina)">dicta linguae forma</a> consociatur. Signa in aliis scripturae systematibus scripta melius appellantur <a href="/wiki/Syllabogramma" title="Syllabogramma">syllabogrammata</a>, quae <a href="/wiki/Syllaba" title="Syllaba">syllabam</a> denotant, aut <a href="/wiki/Logogramma" title="Logogramma">logogrammata</a>, quae verbum vel locutionem denotant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summarium_et_usus">Summarium et usus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Summarium et usus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Summarium et usus"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litterae, ut signa quae orationem segmentariam designant, cum <a href="/wiki/Phonetica" title="Phonetica">phonetica</a> consociantur. In alphabeto prorsus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonemico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonemico (non est haec pagina)">phonemico</a>, unum phonema uná litterá designatur, sed in historia et usu, litterae saepe plus quam unum phonema designant. Pares litterae quae unum phonema designant appellantur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digraphum_(orthographia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digraphum (orthographia) (non est haec pagina)">digrapha</a>; Latine, "ph" si idem atque "f" sonat digraphum est. Unum phonema etiam tribus litteris ostendi potest, appellatis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigraphum_(orthographia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigraphum (orthographia) (non est haec pagina)">trigraphis</a>; exemplum est coniunctio "sch" in typis <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Theodisca" title="Lingua Theodisca">Theodiscis</a>. </p><p>Littera cum plus quam uno phonemate fortasse consociatur cum phonema ex litteris adiectis vel <a href="/wiki/Etymologia" title="Etymologia">etymologia</a> verbi pendet. Exempli talium effectuum positionalium gratia, littera <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica">Francogallica</a> "c" enuntiatur [k] ante "a," "o," "u" (in verbis sicut <i>cale, conte, cuire</i>), sed [s] ante "e" et "i" (<i>cent, cité</i>). </p><p>Cuique litterae est nomen. Haec nomina inter se differunt linguá, dialectu, historiá. Littera <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>, exempli gratia, usitate appellatur <i>zēta,</i> ex nomine <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Graeca" title="Lingua Graeca">Graeco</a> <i>zēta</i> (Allen 1978:114). <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica">Anglice</a> autem "z" dicitur <i>zed</i> in omnibus regionibus ubi homines Anglica utuntur praeter <a href="/wiki/CFA" class="mw-redirect" title="CFA">Civitates Foederatas</a>, ubi nominatur <i>zee.</i> </p><p>Litteris, ut elementis abecedariorum, ordines praescriptas sequuntur. Quisque ordo appellatur "ordo alphabeticus." Scientia quae artem litterarum verborumque in variis linguis ordinandorum digerendorum cognoscit est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conlatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conlatio (non est haec pagina)">conlatio</a>. In lingua Hispanica, exempli gratia, "<a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a>" et "n" sunt litterae separatae. </p><p>Litteris etiam sunt valores numerici; sic <a href="/wiki/Numeri_Romani" title="Numeri Romani">numeri Romani</a> et litterae aliorum scripturae systematum. Plurimis linguis hodiernis <a href="/wiki/Numeri_Arabici" title="Numeri Arabici">numeri Arabici</a> usitate contra litteras adhibentur. </p><p>Litterae ut verba etiam adhibentur integra; Latine inveniuntur <i>a</i> (scilicet <i>ab</i>) et <i>e</i> (sc. <i>ex</i>) et <i>i</i> (ex verbo <i>ire</i>) et <i>o</i> (particula ista vocativa). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litterae_Latinae">Litterae Latinae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Litterae Latinae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Litterae Latinae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Litterae <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Latina" title="Lingua Latina">Latinae</a> sunt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a>, <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a>, <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a>, <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></li> <li>Littera <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> pauca modo verba utuntur, e. g. <b>K</b>alendae.</li> <li>Litterae <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> <a href="/wiki/Octavianus_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavianus Augustus">Augusti</a> Caesaris temporibus adiectae sunt. Temporibus antiquis pro X CS scriptum erat, pro Y I, pro Z SS.</li> <li>Forma <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> apparet iam a <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_2" title="Saeculum 2">saeculo secundo</a>.</li> <li>Forma <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> apparet inde a <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_3" title="Saeculum 3">saeculo tertio</a>.</li> <li>Romani multis <a href="/wiki/Ligatura" title="Ligatura">ligaturis</a> utebantur, quarum nunc temporis manent praesertim <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> = AE et <a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">Œ</a> = OE in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Latina" title="Lingua Latina">lingua Latina</a> (in aliis linguis aliae, sicut in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Danica" title="Lingua Danica">lingua Danica</a>).</li> <li>In aliis linguis etiam aliae litterae ab Latinis derivatae exstant, e. g. <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">Ü</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a>, eqs. vel <a href="/wiki/Littera_s_longa" title="Littera s longa">littera s longa</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Medium_aevum" title="Medium aevum">Medio aevo</a> et <a href="/wiki/Novum_aevum" class="mw-redirect" title="Novum aevum">novo aevo</a> littera v etiam u scripta, ergo uerbum = verbum, uita = vita, uulpes = vulpes, renouatur = renovatur, nouum aeum = novum aevum. Sed litteris capitalibus semper littera V scribenda est, ergo Vnde = Unde, Vlpia = Ulpia, Vsus = Usus, Vrsus = Ursus (Vide normas orthographiae et orthotypicae Latinae editae ab <a href="/wiki/Academia_Latinitati_Fovendae" title="Academia Latinitati Fovendae">Academia Latinitati Fovendae</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isidorus_Hispalensis">Isidorus Hispalensis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Isidorus Hispalensis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Isidorus Hispalensis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Capolettera_A--bis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Capolettera_A--bis.png/200px-Capolettera_A--bis.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Capolettera_A--bis.png/300px-Capolettera_A--bis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Capolettera_A--bis.png/400px-Capolettera_A--bis.png 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>'A', prima littera in <a href="/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium">Abecedario</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Isidorus_Hispalensis" title="Isidorus Hispalensis">Isidorus Hispalensis</a> de litteris Latinis (<i>Etymologiarum sive originum,</i> libro I<sup id="cite_ref-delittlatAug_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delittlatAug-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) scripsit: </p> <dl><dd>"Latinas litteras Carmentis nympha prima Italis tradidit. Carmentis autem dicta, quia carminibus futura canebat. Ceterum proprie vocata (est) Nicostrate. Litterae autem aut communes sunt aut liberales. Communes dictae, quia multi eis in commune utuntur, ut scribere et legere. Liberales, quia eas tantum illi noverunt, qui libros conscribunt recteque loquendi dictandique rationem noverunt.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Litterarum duplex modus est: dividuntur enim principaliter in duas partes, in vocales et consonantes. Vocales sunt quae directo hiatu faucium sine ulla conlisione varie emittuntur. Et dictae vocales, quod per se vocem inplent, et per se syllabam faciunt nulla adhaerente consonante. Consonantes sunt, quae diverso motu linguae vel inpressione labrorum efficiuntur. Et vocatae consonantes quia per se non sonant, sed iunctis vocalibus consonant. Haec in duabus partibus dividuntur: in semivocalibus et in mutis. Semivocales dictas eo, quod quiddam semis de vocalibus habeant. Ab E quippe vocali incipiunt, et desinunt in naturalem sonum (ut F, L, M et ceterae). Mutae autem dictae, quia nisi subiectis sibi vocalibus nequaquam erumpunt. Si enim eis extremum vocalis detraxeris sonum, inclusum litterae murmur sonabit (ut B, G, D et ceterae). Vocales autem et semivocales et mutas a veteribus sonas et semisonas et insonas dictas. Inter vocales autem I et U apud Grammaticos varias habent significationes. Nam modo vocales sunt, modo semivocales, modo mediae sunt. Vocales ideo sunt, quia solae positae syllabas faciunt et aliis consonantibus coniunguntur. Consonantes ideo habentur, quia interdum habent post se vocales in hisdem syllabis constitutas, ut "Ianus" "vates" et habentur pro consonantibus. Mediae (autem) idcirco dicuntur, quoniam naturaliter solae medium sonum habent, ut "illius" "unius" Coniunctae aliis pinguius sonant, ut "Ianus" "vanus" Solae enim aliter sonant, aliter iunctae. I vero propterea interdum duplex dicitur, quia quotienscumque inter duas vocales invenitur, pro duabus consonantibus habetur, ut "Troia" Geminatur enim ibi sonus eius. V quoque littera proinde interdum nihil est, quia alicubi nec vocalis nec consonans est, ut quis. Vocalis enim non est, quia I sequitur; consonans non est, quia Q praecedit. Ideoque quando nec vocalis, nec consonans est, sine dubio nihil est. Eadem et digammon a Graecis vocatur, quando sibimet aliisque vocalibus iungitur: quae ideo digammon dicitur, quia duplex est instar F litterae, quac duplicem Gammam habet, ad cuius similitudinem coniunctas vocales digammon appellari grammatici voluerunt, ut "votum" "virgo." Inter semivocales autem quaedam liquidae dicuntur propterea, quia interdum in una syllaba postpositae aliis consonantibus deficiunt et a metro excluduntur. Ex quibus duae apud Latinos liquescunt L et R, ut "fragor" "flatus" Reliquae M et N apud Graecos liquescunt: ut "Mnestheus"</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Decem et septem autem Latinis litteris vetus scriptura constabat. Unde et legitimae nominantur illa ratione, scilicet vel quod ab E vocali incipiunt et in mutum sonum desinunt, ut sunt consonantes, vel quod a suo sono incipiunt et in vocalem E desinunt, ut sunt mutae (et sunt A. B. C. D. E. F. G. I. L. M. N. O. P. R. S. T. et V). H autem littera pro sola aspiratione adiecta postea est. Unde et a plerisque aspiratio putatur esse, non littera, quae proinde aspirationis nota dicitur, quia vocem elevat. Aspiratio enim est sonus uberius elatus, cuius contraria est prosodia, sonus aequaliter flexus. K litteram Salvius ludimagister pri(m)us Latinis adiecit, ut in sono discrimen faceret duarum litterarum C et Q; quae ideo supervacua dicitur, quia exceptis "Kalendis’ superflua iudicatur: per C enim universa exprimimus. Q litteram nec Graeci resonant, nec Hebraei. Qua enim nulla lingua utitur nisi latina. Haec prius non erat. Unde et ipsa supervacua est vocata quia per C cuncta veteres scripserunt. X littera usque ad Augusti tempus nondum apud Latinos erat, (et digne hoc tempore, quo Christi nomen innotuit, quod per eam, quae crucis signum figurat, scriptitatur,) sed pro ea C et S scribebant, unde et duplex vocatur, quia pro C et S ponitur, unde et ex eisdem litteris conpositum nomen habet. A Graecis (autem) duas litteras mutuavit Latinitas, Y et Z, propter nomina scilicet Graeca, et haec apud Romanos usque ad Augusti tempus non scribebantur, sed pro Z duas S ponebant, ut "hilarissat"; pro Y vero I scribebant. Unicuique autem litterae tria accidunt: nomen, quomodo vocetur; figura, quo caractere signetur; potestas, quae vocalis, quae consonans habeatur. A quibusdam et ordo adicitur, id est quae praecedit, quae sequitur, ut A prior sit, subsequens B. A autem in omnibus gentibus ideo prior est litterarum, pro eo quod ipsa prior nascentibus vocem aperiat. Nomina autem litterarum gentes ex sono propriae linguae dederunt notatis oris sonis atque discretis. Nam postquam eas animadverterunt, et nomina illis et figuras inposuerunt: figuras autem partim ex placito, partim ex sono litterarum formaverunt: ut puta I et O, quarum uni sicut exilis sonus, ita tenuis virgula, alterius pinguis sonus, sicut et plena figura. Potestatem autem natura dedit, voluntas ordinem et apicem. Inter figuras litterarum et apicem veteres dixerunt, apicem dictum propter quod longe sit a pedibus, et in cacumine litterae adponatur. Est enim linea iacens super litteram aequaliter ducta."</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium">Abecedarium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abecedaria_ex_Latino_deducta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abecedaria ex Latino deducta (non est haec pagina)">Abecedaria ex Latino deducta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(computatio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Character (computatio) (non est haec pagina)">Character (computatio)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conlatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conlatio (non est haec pagina)">Conlatio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacritica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacritica (non est haec pagina)">Diacritica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digramma" title="Digramma">Digramma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digraphum_(orthographia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digraphum (orthographia) (non est haec pagina)">Digraphum (orthographia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyscravia" title="Dyscravia">Dyscravia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyphum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyphum (non est haec pagina)">Glyphum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graphema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graphema (non est haec pagina)">Graphema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_abecedarii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia abecedarii (non est haec pagina)">Historia abecedarii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letterform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letterform (non est haec pagina)">Letterform</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Littera" title="Disputatio:Littera">?</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligatura_(typographia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligatura (typographia) (non est haec pagina)">Ligatura (typographia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littera_initialis" title="Littera initialis">Littera initialis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litterae_Graecae_in_mathematica_adhibitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litterae Graecae in mathematica adhibitae (non est haec pagina)">Litterae Graecae in mathematica adhibitae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litterae_Romananae_in_mathematica_adhibitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litterae Romananae in mathematica adhibitae (non est haec pagina)">Litterae Romananae in mathematica adhibitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthographia" title="Orthographia">Orthographia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scriptura_artificiosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scriptura artificiosa (non est haec pagina)">Scriptura artificiosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typus" class="mw-disambig" title="Typus">Typus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typographia" title="Typographia">Typographia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-delittlatAug-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-delittlatAug_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost07/Isidorus/isi_et01.html#c04">Locus Isidori de litteris latinis</a> qui apud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliothecam_Augustanam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliothecam Augustanam (non est haec pagina)">Bibliothecam Augustanam</a> legitur.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Littera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:P_literature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/20px-P_literature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/30px-P_literature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/40px-P_literature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <i>Partes huius textus transsumptae sunt ex <a href="/wiki/Etymologiarum_Libri_Viginti" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymologiarum Libri Viginti">Etymologiarum Libris Viginti</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sancti</a> <a href="/wiki/Isidorus_Hispalensis" title="Isidorus Hispalensis">Isidori Hispalensis</a>.</i> </p> <ul><li>Allen, W. Sidney. (<a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>) <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>. <i>Vox Latina: The Pronunication of Classical Latin.</i> Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521220491" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521220491</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0521379369" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521379369</a>.</li> <li>Daniels, Peter T., et William Bright, eds. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>The World's Writing Systems.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0195079930" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-507993-0</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, A. E. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>. <i>The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet.</i> Classical Studies, 9. Berkeley: University of California Press.</li> <li>Millard, A. R. <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>. "The Infancy of the Alphabet." <i>World Archaeology</i> 17(3):390–398.</li> <li>Powell, Barry B. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>. <i>Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780521589079" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521589079</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/052158907X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 052158907X</a>.</li> <li>Robinson A. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. "The Origins of writing." In <i>Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society,</i> ed. David Crowely et Paul Heyer, 34–40. Ed. 4a. Bostoniae: Allyn and Bacon.</li> <li>Strzelecki, L. <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>. <i>De litterarum Romanarum nominibus.</i> Bratislavae.</li></ul> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Letters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Letters">Littera</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Littera&oldid=3526208">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Littera&oldid=3526208</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Abecedarium" title="Categoria:Abecedarium">Abecedarium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ars_grammatica" title="Categoria:Ars grammatica">Ars grammatica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Typographia" title="Categoria:Typographia">Typographia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_%3F%3F" title="Categoria:L ??">L ??</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_%3F%3F_(nondum_censa)" title="Categoria:Latinitas ?? (nondum censa)">Latinitas ?? (nondum censa)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_dubia_(dubsig)" title="Categoria:Latinitas dubia (dubsig)">Latinitas dubia (dubsig)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Anthropologia" title="Categoria:Myrias Anthropologia">Myrias Anthropologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 27 Aprilis 2020 hora 22:23 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. Vide <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">modos et condiciones</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Consilium de secreto</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:De_Vicipaedia">De Vicipaedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Repudiationes">Repudiationes</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Elaboratores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/la.wikipedia.org">Statistica</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//la.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Littera&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Pagina mobilis</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-gvzrv","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.078","walltime":"0.205","ppvisitednodes":{"value":259,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2248,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":61,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":608,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 139.059 1 -total"," 48.76% 67.799 1 Formula:Vide_etiam"," 21.70% 30.177 1 Formula:Commonscat"," 10.92% 15.187 1 Formula:Latinitas"," 7.32% 10.174 1 Formula:L"," 5.59% 7.780 1 Formula:Myrias"," 3.61% 5.021 1 Formula:Dubsig"," 3.27% 4.544 1 Formula:Etymologiae"," 2.03% 2.822 1 Formula:Victio"," 2.00% 2.777 1 Formula:NexInt"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-77bc9d5b54-46xgr","timestamp":"20241118091022","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Littera","url":"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Littera","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9788","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9788","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-09T16:30:29Z","dateModified":"2020-04-27T22:23:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>