Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?</title> <meta name="keywords" content="Science, Physics News, Science news, Technology News, Physics, Materials, Nanotech, Technology, Science"> <meta name="description" content="Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' moral decision-making, says a York University expert in animal minds."> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="max-image-preview:large"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html"> <link rel="top" title="" href="/"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="search" href="https://phys.org/search/"> <link rel="alternate" title="All news stories" href="https://phys.org/rss-feed/" type="application/rss+xml"> <link rel="alternate" title="Spotlight news only" href="https://phys.org/rss-feed/breaking/" type="application/rss+xml"> <link rel="alternate" title="Feature stories" href="https://phys.org/rss-feed/editorials/" type="application/rss+xml"> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.amp"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=356443503"> <meta name="google-play-app" content="com.PhysOrg.RssLite"> <meta property="twitter:account_id" content="17248121"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="163850683679377"> <meta property="fb:pages" content="47849178041"> <meta property="og:title" content="Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?"> <meta property="og:description" content="Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' moral decision-making, says a York University expert in animal minds."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2020/octopus.jpg"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' ..." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/2020/octopus.jpg" /> <meta name="thumbnail" content="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2020/octopus.jpg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/css/libs.3275013628.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/css/style.989488547.css"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg">  <link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2020/octopus.jpg"> <script type='text/javascript'> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement('script'); gads.async = true; gads.type = 'text/javascript'; var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/4988204/Phys_Story_InText_Box', [[336, 280], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4988204/Phys_Interstitial', [1, 1], 'div-gpt-ad-1573910177024-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("r",["viewStory"]).setTargeting("categ",["biology"]).setTargeting("sub", ["plants-animals"]).setTargeting("midblck",["yes"]); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 100, renderMarginPercent: 50, mobileScaling: 2.0 }); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://cdn.fuseplatform.net/publift/tags/2/3395/fuse.js"></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "headline": "Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?", "description": "Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' moral decision-making, says a York University expert in animal minds.", "datePublished": "2022-03-24T14:00:08-04:00", "dateModified": "2022-03-24T14:00:08-04:00", "publisher": { "@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "@id": "https://phys.org/#organization", "name": "Phys.org", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/logo.amp.png", "width": 204, "height": 60 }, "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/physorg", "https://x.com/physorg_com", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/phys-org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phys.org" ], "masthead": "https://sciencex.com/help/editorial-team/", "publishingPrinciples": "https://sciencex.com/help/editorial-process/", "verificationFactCheckingPolicy": "https://sciencex.com/help/editorial-process/#factcheck", "correctionsPolicy": "https://sciencex.com/help/corrections/", "parentOrganization": { "@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "@id": "https://sciencex.com/#organization", "name": "Science X Network", "url": "https://sciencex.com/" } }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html", "breadcrumb": { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://phys.org/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Biology", "item": "https://phys.org/biology-news/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Plants & Animals", "item": "https://phys.org/biology-news/plants-animals/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?", "item": "https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html" } ] } }, "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "xpath": [ "/html/head/title", "/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content" ] }, "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "York University", "url": "http://www.yorku.ca/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2020/octopus.jpg", "width": 1920, "height": 1080 }, "articleSection": [ "Plants & Animals" ] } </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6M86390YBL"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6M86390YBL'); </script> <script> var isUserIsBot = false; </script> </head> <body> <header class="header"> <nav class="navbar bg-primary"> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center pt-4 pt-lg-0"> <div class="col-3 col-md-4 col-lg-2 order-2 order-lg-1"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://phys.org/"> <img src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/logo-header.png" alt="Phys.org"> </a> </div> <div class="col-auto px-lg-2 mt-2 mt-sm-0 ml-auto ml-lg-0 order-3 order-lg-2 d-print-none"> <button type="button" class="header-button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseNavigation" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseNavigation"> <span class="icon-nav"><span></span></span> <span class="d-none d-lg-block">Topics</span> </button> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-7 col-xl-6 mb-sm-1 my-lg-0 ml-auto d-flex align-items-center order-1 order-lg-3 d-print-none"> <ul class="d-flex header-site-nav ml-lg-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/weekly-news/">Week's top</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/latest-news/">Latest news</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/unread-news/">Unread news</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#subscribe">Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> <form class="header-search ml-auto ml-lg-0" action="https://phys.org/search/" method="get"> <fieldset class="header-search__group"> <input name="search" class="header-search__field" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <input name="s" class="header-search__field" type="hidden" value="0"> <button class="header-search__submit" type="submit"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#search" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </fieldset> <button type="button" class="header-search__show mr-4 mr-sm-5 mx-md-5"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#search" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </form> <div class="dropdown"> <a class="header-account" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_account" x="0" y="0" /> </svg> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right dropdown-menu-tip fade mt-3" aria-label="dropdown menu"> <div class="dropdown-content px-5 mx-5 py-4"> <h3 class="text-extra-large font-weight-normal text-center text-nowrap mb-4">Science X Account</h3> <form method="post" action="https://sciencex.com/profile/login/"> <input type="hidden" name="status" value="login"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html"> <div class="text-center px-lg-2"> <div class="mb-3"> <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item"> <div class="login-form-icon"> <i class="icon login_field_email"></i> </div>  <input name="email" type="text" class="form-control input-styled input-email" placeholder="email" required=""> </div> </div>  <div class="mb-3"> <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item"> <div class="login-form-icon"> <i class="icon login_field_password"></i> </div>  <input name="password" type="password" class="form-control input-styled input-password" placeholder="password" required=""> </div> </div>  <div class="mb-3 text-left"> <div data-focus="input" class="login-form-item"> <input class="modal-custom-form__checkbox bg-white" name="rememberMe" type="checkbox" id="log_persistent" checked="checked"> <label for="log_persistent">Remember me</label> </div> </div>  <div class="mt-2 mb-2 mb-lg-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-block">Sign In</button> </div> <p class="mb-2 mb-lg-3"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/login/" class="login-link"> Click here to sign in with <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#logo_fb" x="0" y="0" /> </svg> or <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#logo_google" x="0" y="0" /> </svg> </a> </p> <p class="mb-2 mb-lg-3"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/pwdreset/">Forget Password?</a> </p> <div class="mb-2 mb-lg-3"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/profile/register/" class="btn btn-sm btn-white btn-block">Not a member? <b>Sign up</b> </a> </div> <p> <a class="font-weight-normal" href="https://sciencex.com/help/account/">Learn more</a> </p> </div> </form> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="bg-secondary position-relative"> <div class="header-collapse collapse" id="collapseNavigation"> <div class="container bg-secondary py-2" > <div class="dropdown-nav"> <div class="mx-auto mt-5 loader"><span></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container py-2 d-print-none" id="secondaryNav"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xl-9 offset-xl-1 pl-1"> <ul class="d-flex header-articles-nav justify-content-between flex-wrap" role="menubar"> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/nanotech-news/">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/physics-news/">Physics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/earth-news/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/space-news/">Astronomy & Space</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/chemistry-news/">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/biology-news/">Biology</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/science-news/">Other Sciences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item nav-offset nav-ext" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://medicalxpress.com/"> <img class="icon-logo icon-medx" src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/MedicalXpress2.svg" alt="Medical Xpress"> Medicine </a> </li> <li class="nav-item nav-ext" role="menuitem"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://techxplore.com/"> <img class="icon-logo icon-techx" src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/techX_w.svg" alt="Tech Xplore"> Technology </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <main class="bg-white news"> <div class="container py-5"> <div class="text-center mb-4 ads d-lg-none"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0536483524803400" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle d-block d-lg-none" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0536483524803400" data-ad-slot="8120097787" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div>  <div style="width:1px;height:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:2147483647"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1573910177024-0' > <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1573910177024-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-2 mt-md-5 d-print-none"> <ul class="soc pt-md-3" id="js-soc-panel"> <li class="d-block d-md-none soc-panel-close"> <button type="button"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </li> <li class="d-block d-md-none"> <p class="text-white text-low-up mb-0">share this!</p> </li> <li> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="soc-link fb"> <svg class="soc-link__icon"> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_fb_news" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-low">2.8K</p> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="soc-link tw" data-title="Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?" data-via="physorg_com"> <svg class="soc-link__icon"> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_twitter-x" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-low">42</p> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="soc-link ln"> <svg class="soc-link__icon"> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_linkedin" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-low">Share</p> </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:" class="soc-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#feedback-email"> <svg class="soc-link__icon"> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_mail_news" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-low">Email</p> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-6"> <section class="article"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-9 col-md-9 col-xl-10"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol class="breadcrumb bg-white mb-0 p-0 text-muted"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/" rel="home"> <span class="text-muted">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://phys.org/biology-news/"> <span class="text-muted">Biology</span> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active"> <a href="https://phys.org/biology-news/plants-animals/"> <span class="text-muted">Plants & Animals</span> </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="col-3 col-xl-2 d-print-none"> <ul class="article-actions"> <li class="article-actions__item"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-nid="567328654" id="fav"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_addfav" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="article-actions__item"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.pdf" title="Save as pdf file"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_pdf" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="article-actions__item"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" title="Print"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_print" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 mt-2 mt-xl-3"> <hr> </div> <div class="col-12 mt-3 mb-5 mb-lg-0"> <article class="news-article"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8"> <div class="article__info mb-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <a href="https://phys.org/archive/24-03-2022/" rel="nofollow"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0" /> </svg> </a> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> March 24, 2022 </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-4"> </div> </div> <h1 class="text-extra-large line-low mb-2">Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?</h1> <p class="article-byline text-low"> by <a class="article-byline__link" href="http://www.yorku.ca/" target="_blank">York University</a> </p> <div class="mt-4 article-main"> <div class="article-gallery lightGallery"> <div data-thumb="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2020/octopus.jpg" data-src="https://scx2.b-cdn.net/gfx/news/hires/2020/octopus.jpg" data-sub-html="Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain"> <figure class="article-img"> <img src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2020/octopus.jpg" alt="octopus" title="Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain" width="800" height="450"> <figcaption class="text-darken text-low-up text-truncate-js text-truncate mt-3"> Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p>Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' moral decision-making, says a York University expert in animal minds.</p> <div class="article-banner first-banner ads-336x280">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2'); }); </script> </div> </div> <p>Most countries don't recognize invertebrates, such as octopuses, crabs, lobsters and crayfish, as sentient beings that can feel pain, but the United Kingdom is considering amendments to its animal welfare legislation that would recognize this.</p> <p>"A London School of Economics (LSE) report commissioned by the U.K. government found there is strong enough evidence to conclude that decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs are sentient," says York University Professor and philosopher Kristin Andrews, the York Research Chair in Animal Minds, who is working with the LSE team.</p> <p>Andrews co-wrote an article published today in the journal <i>Science</i>, "The question of animal emotions," with Professor Frans de Waal, director of the Living Links Center at Emory University, which discusses the ethical and policy issues around <a href="https://phys.org/tags/animals/" rel="tag" class="textTag">animals</a> being considered sentient.</p> <p>Andrews points out it has long been thought in Western culture that other animals don't feel pain or have emotions. "It's been a real struggle even to get fish and mammals recognized under welfare law as sentient. So, it's pretty cutting-edge what seems to be happening in the U.K. with invertebrates."</p> <p>Pre-verbal human babies were considered not to feel pain up until at least the 1980s. It is still thought by many that animals, including invertebrates, don't feel pain and only have unconscious reactions to negative stimuli. However, research on mammals, fish, octopuses, and to a lesser extent crabs, has shown they avoid pain and dangerous locations, and there are signs of empathy in some animals, such as cows鈥攖hey become distressed when they see their calf is in pain.</p> <div class="w-100 mb-4 ads"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0536483524803400" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0536483524803400" data-ad-slot="8188791252"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <p>Recognizing the sentience of invertebrates opens a moral and ethical dilemma. Humans can say what they feel, but animals don't have the same tools for describing their emotions. "However, the research so far strongly suggests their existence," says Andrews, is working on a research project called Animals and Moral Practice.</p> <p>"When we're going about our normal lives, we try not to do harm to other beings. So, it's really about retraining the way we see the world. How exactly to treat other animals remains an open research question," says Andrews. "We don't have sufficient science right now to know exactly what the proper treatment of certain species should be. To determine that, we need greater co-operation between scientists and ethicists."</p> <p>There may be a point when humans can no longer assume that crayfish, shrimp, and other <a href="https://phys.org/tags/invertebrates/" rel="tag" class="textTag">invertebrates</a> don't feel pain and other emotions.</p> <p>"If they can no longer be considered immune to felt pain, invertebrate experiences will need to become part of our species' moral landscape," she says. "But <a href="https://phys.org/tags/pain/" rel="tag" class="textTag">pain</a> is just one morally relevant emotion. Invertebrates such as octopuses may experience other emotions such as curiosity in exploration, affection for individuals, or excitement in anticipation of a future reward."</p> <p>It may be time to look at our world differently.</p> <div class="article-main__more p-4"> <p><strong>More information:</strong> Frans B. M. de Waal, The question of animal emotions, <i>Science</i> (2022). <a data-doi="1" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2378" target="_blank">DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2378</a>. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo2378" target="_blank">www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo2378</a> <div class="mt-3"> <p> <strong>Journal information:</strong> <a href="https://phys.org/journals/science/"><cite>Science</cite></a> <a class="icon_open" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_open" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="d-inline-block text-medium mt-4"> <p> Provided by <a href="https://phys.org/partners/york-university/">York University</a> <a class="icon_open" href="http://www.yorku.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_open" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="d-none d-print-block"> <div class="mb-4"> <strong>Citation</strong>: Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions? (2022, March 24) retrieved 4 December 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html </div> <div class="border text-muted p-3"> This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. </div> </div> </div> </article> <hr> <div class="article-main__explore my-4 d-print-none"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#plus" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-bold mb-0 ml-2">Explore further</p> </div> <a class="text-medium text-info mt-2 d-inline-block" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-12-octopus-crabs-lobsters-pain.html">Octopus, crabs and lobsters feel pain: How we found out</a> </div> <hr class="mb-4"> <div class="article-interaction my-4 d-flex align-items-center d-print-none"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="btn btn-info px-4 py-2 text-regular border-0 mr-4"> <span>2878</span> shares </a> <ul class="ml-md-auto ml-sm-0 article-interaction__social d-flex"> <li> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="article-interaction__link fb"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_fb_news" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-regular mb-0">Facebook</p> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="article-interaction__link tw" data-title="Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?" data-via="physorg_com"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_twit_news" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-regular mb-0">Twitter</p> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="article-interaction__link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#feedback-email"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_mail_news" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-regular mb-0">Email</p> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" class="ml-auto mt-lg-4 mt-xl-0 article-interaction__link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#feedback-to-editors"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_feedback" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-regular mb-0"> Feedback to editors</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div>  <div class="offset-xl-1 col-md col-lg-4 col-xl-3 article-sidebar d-none d-lg-block d-print-none"> <div> <aside class="categories"> <ul class="categories-controls nav justify-content-between" role="tablist"> <li class="categories-controls__item"> <a class="active" id="nav-featured-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-featured" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-featured" aria-selected="true">Featured</a> </li> <li class="categories-controls__item"> <a id="nav-comments-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-commented" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-commented" aria-selected="false">Last Comments</a> </li> <li class="categories-controls__item"> <a id="nav-popular-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-popular" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-popular" aria-selected="false">Popular</a> </li> </ul> <div class="categories-content tab-content pt-4"> <div class="categories-content__pane story-pane tab-pane fade show active" id="nav-featured" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-featured-tab" data-loaded="true"> <article class="categories-content__item"> <h4><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-unique-microbial-communities-beneath-frozen.html">Unique microbial communities discovered beneath frozen surface of Antarctica's Lake Enigma</a></h4> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>1</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="categories-content__item"> <h4><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-longtooth-groupers-asia-species-fish.html">Study confirms two forms of longtooth groupers in Asia are separate species of fish</a></h4> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">5 hours ago</p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="categories-content__item"> <h4><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-antarctica-conger-ice-shelf-weakening.html">Antarctica's Conger ice shelf was weakening for decades before collapse, scientists find</a></h4> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">7 hours ago</p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="categories-content__item"> <h4><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-large-radio-jet-quasar-j16013102.html">Large radio jet discovered in quasar J1601+3102</a></h4> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">8 hours ago</p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="categories-content__item"> <h4><a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-neanderthals-stencil-art-years-series.html">Neanderthals were making hand stencil rock art more than 66,000 years ago, U-series dating suggests</a></h4> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">9 hours ago</p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>1</span></p> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="categories-content__pane story-pane tab-pane fade" id="nav-commented" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-comments-tab"> </div> <div class="categories-content__pane story-pane tab-pane fade" id="nav-popular" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-popular-tab"> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <hr> <div class="my-4" style="min-height: 601px;">  <div data-fuse="23149202314"></div> </div> <div class="my-4"> <div id="nwrel"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-ai-fact-belief-false-headlines.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/ai-fact-checks-can-inc.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>AI fact checks can increase belief in false headlines, study finds</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">16 minutes ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-ai-lost-oil-gas-wells.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/ai-helps-researchers-d-3.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>AI helps researchers dig through old maps to find lost oil and gas wells</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">39 minutes ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-world-war-dazzle-camouflage-understood.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/a-dazzling-misdirectio.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>World War One dazzle camouflage was not as well understood as it might have been, researchers suggest</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-dual-role-insects-parasitic-reproduction.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/insects-wearing-two-ha.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>The dual role of insects in parasitic plant reproduction solves a long-standing botanical mystery</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-scientists-exploit-photo-chirality-thin.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/a-new-authentication-t-1.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Scientists exploit photo-induced chirality in thin films to improve authentication tech</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-unique-microbial-communities-beneath-frozen.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/researchers-find-micro.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Unique microbial communities discovered beneath frozen surface of Antarctica's Lake Enigma</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-quark-physicists-framework-amount-quarks.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/depiction-of-a-primord.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Getting a grip on quark mixing: Physicists introduce framework to determine amount of mixing between up and down quarks</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">2 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-dynamic-tracking-technique-noise-gravitational.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/seeing-deeper-into-the.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Dynamic tracking technique can reduce noise in gravitational-wave detectors to peer deeper into the cosmos</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">2 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-covalent-framework-dangerous-chemical.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/novel-covalent-organic.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Novel covalent organic framework can remove a dangerous 'forever chemical' from drinking water</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">2 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-amazon-rainforest-cloud-machine-thunderstorms.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/the-amazon-rainforest.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>The Amazon rainforest as a cloud machine: How thunderstorms and plant transpiration produce condensation nuclei</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">2 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> </div> </div> <hr>  <div class="mt-4"> <h3 class="mb-3">Relevant PhysicsForums posts</h3> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-long-do-bones-take-to-decompose-to-dust.1067127/" target="_blank">How long do bones take to decompose to dust?</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">13 hours ago</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-does-a-series-of-pulses-generate-a-pitch.1059705/" target="_blank">Why does a series of pulses generate a pitch?</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">Dec 2, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-predictive-brain-stimulus-specific-error-prediction-neurons.1064489/" target="_blank">The predictive brain (Stimulus-Specific Error Prediction Neurons)</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">Dec 1, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/sudden-problems-with-western-blots.1067160/" target="_blank">Sudden problems with western-blots</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">Nov 28, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/meaning-of-a-reaction-being-too-slow-to-be-biologically-significant.1067094/" target="_blank">Meaning of a reaction being "too slow to be biologically significant"?</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">Nov 24, 2024</p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-2"> <h4><a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/exercises-for-loosening-joints.1066580/" target="_blank">Exercises for loosening joints</a></h4> <div class="text-darken"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low d-inline">Nov 23, 2024</p> </div> </div> <p class="text-low text-right"> More from <a href="https://www.physicsforums.com/" target="_blank">Biology and Medical</a> </p> </div>  <hr> <div class="ads-sticky mt-4 ads-336x280">  <div data-fuse="23008431249"></div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col offset-md-2 bf-banner"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0536483524803400" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0536483524803400" data-ad-slot="3435581465" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> </div>  <section class="news-related bg-light py-5 d-print-none"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-10 offset-lg-2"> <div class="js-news-related__wrap d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="text-extra-large text-medium"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-10 offset-lg-2"> <ul id="js-news-related-slider" class="news-related__slider"> <li class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 mb-5"> <h3 class="text-extra-large text-medium">Related Stories</h3> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2021-12-octopus-crabs-lobsters-pain.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2021/octopus-crabs-and-lobs.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Octopus, crabs and lobsters feel pain: How we found out</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Dec 17, 2021</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-assume-animals-cognitive-biologists.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2022/assume-that-animals-ha.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Assume that animals have feelings too, say cognitive biologists</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Mar 17, 2022</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-02-australian-legally-recognise-animals.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2019/inanaustrali.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>In an Australian first, the ACT may legally recognise animals' feelings</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Feb 14, 2019</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-10-current-animal-welfare-excludes-fish.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2017/currentunder.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Current understanding of animal welfare currently excludes fish, even though fish feel pain</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Oct 20, 2017</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-10-animal-sentience-law-recognises-psychological.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2019/actsnewanima.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>ACT's new animal sentience law recognises an animal's psychological pain and pleasure</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Oct 3, 2019</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-11-science-animal-sentience.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Here's what the science says about animal sentience</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Nov 24, 2017</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> </div> </li> <li class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-12 mb-5"> <h3 class="text-extra-large text-medium">Recommended for you</h3> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-dual-role-insects-parasitic-reproduction.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/insects-wearing-two-ha.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>The dual role of insects in parasitic plant reproduction solves a long-standing botanical mystery</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">1 hour ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-male-african-elephants-distinct-personality.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/male-african-elephants.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Male African elephants develop distinct personality traits as they age</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">3 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-purple-crabs-clobber-blue-carbon.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/purple-crabs-clobber-b-1.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Purple crabs clobber blue carbon: Study shows how they disrupt carbon cycling in salt marshes along US East Coast</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">4 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> </div> <div class="col-6"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-longtooth-groupers-asia-species-fish.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/study-confirms-two-gro.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Study confirms two forms of longtooth groupers in Asia are separate species of fish</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">5 hours ago</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-poplar-tree-photosynthesis-gene-boosts.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/researchers-discover-n-41.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Poplar tree study discovers a photosynthesis gene that boosts plant height</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Dec 3, 2024</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2024-12-scientists-uncover-mollusk-species-habiting.html" class="news-link selection-link"> <article class="selection-article"> <figure class="selection-article__figure"> <img class="selection-article__image" data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/new-deep-sea-mollusc-s.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" alt=""> <figcaption class="selection-article__description"> <h5>Scientists uncover new mollusk species co-habiting with an anemone in the North Atlantic abyss</h5> <div class="article__info"> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low">Dec 3, 2024</p> </div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </article> </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div class="container d-print-none"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-trendmd"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups" allowfullscreen src="//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.amp.html?title=Do%20octopuses%2C%20squid%20and%20crabs%20have%20emotions%3F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html&journalId=62675"> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="comments-wrapper-new" data-story-id="567328654"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-10 offset-lg-2 article-interaction my-4 d-flex align-items-center d-print-none"> <section class="my-4 text-center w-75"> <a href="Javascript:void(0);" class="btn btn-info border-bold text-low-up px-5 load-comments" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#commentsModal"> Load comments (10) </a> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="bg-light d-print-none"> <div id="news-more" data-ads="Y"></div> </section>   <div class="modal fade modal-custom d-print-none" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" id="feedback-to-editors"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title text-center">Let us know if there is a problem with our content</h5> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </div> <form class="modal-custom-form" name="feedback" action="https://sciencex.com/api/story/feedback/567328654/" novalidate> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="form-group"> <p class="article-main__more p-4 mb-4"> Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. For general inquiries, please use our <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/feedback/" target="_blank">contact form</a>. For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/comments/" target="_blank">adhere to guidelines</a>). </p> <p>Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request</p> <select name="type" class="form-control" required> <optgroup> <option hidden disabled selected value="spam"> -- please select one -- </option> <option value="general">Compliments / Critique</option> <option value="typo">Typos / Errors / Inaccuracies</option> <option value="request">Edit / Removal request</option> </optgroup> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="modal-feedback-message">Your message to the editors</label> <textarea name="comments" class="form-control no-resize" id="modal-feedback-message" rows="6" required></textarea> </div> <div class="row align-items-end"> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="form-group mb-0"> <label for="modal-feedback-email">Your email (only if you want to be contacted back)</label> <input type="email" name="emailFrom" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-feedback-email" placeholder="optional"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-auto ml-auto text-center text-md-left mt-4 mt-md-0"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning text-bold text-low-up px-5">Send Feedback</button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="message p-3 d-none"> <p>Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors.</p> <p>Your feedback is important to us. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. </p> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade modal-custom modal-custom-email d-print-none" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" id="feedback-email"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header mb-4"> <h6 class="text-low-up text-uppercase text-center modal-custom-subtitle">E-mail the story</h6> <h5 class="modal-title text-center with-hr">Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?</h5> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form class="modal-custom-form" name="email" method="post" action="https://sciencex.com/api/story/email/567328654/" novalidate > <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="modal-email-frend">Your friend's email</label> <input type="email" name="emailTo" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-frend" value="" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="modal-email-self">Your email</label> <input type="email" name="emailFrom" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-self" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="checkbox" name="nwletter" value="1" id="modal-email-subscribe" class="modal-custom-form__checkbox"> <label for="modal-email-subscribe"> I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/" class="text-info" target="_blank">Learn more</a> </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="modal-email-name">Your name</label> <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="modal-email-name"> </div> <div class="modal-custom-email__notice mb-4 mb-md-0"> <h6 class="text-low mb-2">Note</h6> <p class="text-low text-regular"> Your email address is used <strong>only</strong> to let the recipient know who sent the email. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="modal-email-message">Your message</label> <textarea name="comments" class="form-control no-resize" id="modal-email-message" rows="8"></textarea> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <small class="text-warning" id="email-error"></small> </div> <div class="col-auto mx-auto mt-4"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-warning text-low-up">Send</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade modal-custom d-print-none" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" id="notify"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header mb-5"> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="alert alert-info mb-4" role="alert"> <div class="col-9"> <p class="modal-message"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="popup-cookies bg-primary" id="js-popup-nwletter"> <div class="modal-header mb-4"> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <form action="#" name="popup-nwletter" class="form-row mt-4 d-ie-block"> <div class="col-12 mb-2"> <h4 class="text-extra-large mb-4">Newsletter sign up</h4> <p class="text-low-up text-regular"> Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties. </p> </div> <div class="col-8 mb-4"> <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="col-4"> <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-warning border-bold">Subscribe</button> </div> <div class="col-12"> <p> <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/" class="popup-cookies-more pr-4" target="_blank">More information</a> <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/privacy/" class="popup-cookies-more" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a> </p> </div> </form> </div> <div class="popup-cookies bg-primary" id="js-popup-donate"> <div class="modal-header mb-4"> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="row mt-4"> <div class="col-12 mb-2"> <h4 class="text-extra-large mb-4">Donate and enjoy an ad-free experience</h4> <p class="text-low-up text-regular"> We keep our content available to everyone. Consider supporting Science X's mission by getting a premium account. </p> </div> <div class="col-4"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/donate/" class="btn btn-block btn-info border-bold">Remove ads</a> </div> <div class="col-4"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/donate/" data-dismiss="modal" class="btn btn-block btn-secondary border-bold">Maybe later</a> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer d-print-none"> <div class="footer-partners bg-white py-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 mb-4 mb-md-0"> <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/" class="footer-company"> <figure class="footer-figure"> <img src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/MedicalXpress.svg" alt="Medical Xpress"> <figcaption> <h3 class="text-low-up mb-2">Medical Xpress</h3> <p class="text-low mb-0">Medical research advances and health news</p> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-4 mb-4 mb-md-0"> <a href="https://techxplore.com/" class="footer-company"> <figure class="footer-figure"> <img src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/techexploer.svg" alt="Tech Xplore" width="58" height="58"> <figcaption> <h3 class="text-low-up mb-2">Tech Xplore</h3> <p class="text-low mb-0">The latest engineering, electronics and technology advances</p> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/" class="footer-company"> <figure class="footer-figure"> <img src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/ScienceX.svg" alt="Science X"> <figcaption> <h3 class="text-low-up mb-2">Science X</h3> <p class="text-low mb-0">The most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web</p> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row pt-5 mb-5"> <div class="col-8 col-xl-5 offset-xl-1 mb-5 mb-md-0"> <h2 class="footer-title mb-3 mb-md-2">Newsletters</h2> <form action="#" name="nwsubscribe" class="footer-form"> <div class="form-row align-items-start"> <div class="col-7 mb-4"> <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="col-4"> <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-info border-bold">Subscribe</button> </div> </div> <div class="form-row"> <div class="col mb-4"> <span id="emailHelp" class="form-text text-low-up text-regular"> <a class="footer-document" href="https://sciencex.com/help/newsletter/"> Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-xl-5"> <h2 class="footer-title mb-3 mb-md-2">Follow us</h2> <ul class="follow"> <li class="follow-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/physorg" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_fb" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/physorg_com" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_twitter-x" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/phys-org/" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_linkedin" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://phys.org/feeds/" class="follow-link"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_rss" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-5"> <div class="col-xl-10 offset-xl-1"> <nav class="nav footer-nav justify-content-between"> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#" rel="top">Top</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/search/">Search</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" id="nav-mobile" href="https://phys.org/news/2022-03-octopuses-squid-crabs-emotions.html?deviceType=mobile" rel="nofollow">Mobile version</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/help/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Help</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/help/contactus/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/help/about-us/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">About</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/help/feedback/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Contact</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/profile/" rel="nofollow">Science X Account</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/help/donate/">Premium Account</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/archive/">Archive</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://sciencex.com/wire-news/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">News wire</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.PhysOrg.RssLite">Android app</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/phys-org/id356443503?mt=8">iOS app</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://phys.org/feeds/">RSS feeds</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="javascript:void(0)" data-action="webpush">Push notification</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="row pb-3"> <div class="col-12 text-center"> <small class="text-low-up text-regular">© Phys.org 2003 - 2024 powered by <a class="footer-document" href="https://sciencex.com/">Science X Network</a></small> </div> <div class="col-12 mt-3 text-center"> <a class="footer-document" href="https://sciencex.com/help/privacy/" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a> <a class="footer-document" href="https://sciencex.com/help/terms/" target="_blank">Terms of use</a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="modal fade modal-custom d-print-none" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" id="subscribe"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header mb-4"> <button class="modal-custom__close" type="button" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_close" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <h4 class="footer-title mb-3">E-mail newsletter</h4> <form class="row mb-4" name="nwsubscribe"> <div class="col-sm-8"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="nw-email" placeholder="email" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="hidden" name="project" value="physorg"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-block btn-info text-low-up">Subscribe</button> </div> </form> <h4 class="footer-title mb-3">Follow us</h4> <ul class="follow"> <li class="follow-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/physorg" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_fb" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/physorg_com" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_twitter-x" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/phys-org/" class="follow-link" target="_blank"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_linkedin" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> <li class="follow-item"><a href="https://phys.org/feeds/" class="follow-link"> <svg> <use href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_rss" x="0" y="0"/> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <template id="adblock"> <div class="alert py-2 bg-danger fade" role="alert"> <div class="container text-white"> <a href="https://sciencex.com/help/adblock/" class="link-white"> It appears that you are currently using <strong id="adblock-type">Ad Blocking software</strong>. What are the consequences? </a> <button type="button" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="text-white">×</span> </button> </div> </div> </template> <script src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/js/svgxuse.989488547.js"></script> <script src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/js/libs.989488547.js"></script> <script src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/js/common.3275013628.js"></script> <script src="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/js/news.989488547.js"></script> <script id="facebook-jssdk" async="" src="//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"></script> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : '163850683679377', // App ID channelUrl : 'https://phys.org/fb_channel.htm', // Channel File version : 'v2.12', status : true, // check login status cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access the session xfbml : true // parse XFBML }); }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _qevents = _qevents || []; (function() { var elem = document.createElement('script'); elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js"; elem.async = true; elem.type = "text/javascript"; var scpt = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; scpt.parentNode.insertBefore(elem, scpt); })(); _qevents.push({ qacct:"p-5dNhPAnM9r0yY" }); </script><noscript> <div style="display:none;"> <img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-5dNhPAnM9r0yY.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div> </noscript>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions?