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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&params=38_53_15.6_N_78_9_54.6_W_region:US-VI_type:landmark"><span 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute_logo.png/220px-Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&params=38_53_15.6_N_78_9_54.6_W_region:US-VI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′15.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°9′54.6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.887667°N 78.165167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.887667; -78.165167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1974<span class="noprint">; 50 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1974</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Front_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Royal">Front Royal</a>, Virginia, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Land area</th><td class="infobox-data">3,200 acres (13 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalzoo.si.edu/conservation/about-scbi">nationalzoo<wbr />.si<wbr />.edu<wbr />/conservation<wbr />/about-scbi</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute</b> (<b>SCBI</b>) is a unit of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> located on a 3,200-acre (13 km<sup>2</sup>) campus located just outside the town of <a href="/wiki/Front_Royal,_Virginia" title="Front Royal, Virginia">Front Royal, Virginia</a>. An extension of the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoo in Washington, D.C.</a>, the SCBI has played a leading role in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">reproductive physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">conservation biology</a> since its founding in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_archives_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI_archives-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously named the <b>Conservation and Research Center</b>, the CRC became known as the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-SI_archives_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI_archives-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a symbol of its growing independence from the captive animals associated with the traditional images of zoos.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg/250px-US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg/375px-US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg/500px-US_Army_Remount_Station_Front_Royal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Mid-20th century postcard showing the U.S. Army Remount Depot near Front Royal, today the home of the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.</figcaption></figure> <p>The land on which the SCBI lies has a history dating back to 1909, when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> leased some 42 area farms. In the years predating <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the land served as a series of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Remount_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Remount Service">U.S. Army Remount Service</a> depots, supplying horses and mules to the military. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> ultimately purchased the land in 1911 and began construction on the Ayleshire Quartermaster Remount Depot. Completed in 1916, the Depot consisted of eleven barn and stable facilities, hundreds of miles of split-rail fencing, many miles of access roads, and a rail yard facility for the import and export of animals. The Ayleshire Quartermaster Remount Depot remained in operation throughout both world wars, and was eventually expanded to include a canine training facility and detention barracks for 600 German and Italian <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>. </p><p>In 1948 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> passed legislation transferring ownership of the land to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a>, which redeveloped the property into a beef cattle research station. In conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University">Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</a> (Virginia Tech), the USDA experimented with various environmental and husbandry conditions, designed to quantitatively and qualitatively improve the meat production of various cattle breeds. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a> leased part of the compound from USDA for use as an emergency relocation and communications site, with support infrastructure for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> and 700 other departmental employees. The USDA closed the station in 1973, leaving the site temporarily vacant. </p><p>The <b>Conservation and Research Center</b> was founded in 1974 when the director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoo</a>, Theodore Reed, recognized the need for a captive breeding facility and initiated negotiations to obtain the land. The title was transferred to the Smithsonian in 1975, and work was begun immediately on developing the site into a zoological research facility. </p><p>Today the SCBI is host to range of zoological and ecological research. It hosts a 25-hectare (62-acre) <a href="/wiki/Forest_dynamics" title="Forest dynamics">forest dynamics</a> plot that is part of the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Tropical_Forest_Science" title="Center for Tropical Forest Science">Center for Tropical Forest Science</a>/Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, and has hosted the Mid-Atlantic core site in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ecological_Observatory_Network" title="National Ecological Observatory Network">National Ecological Observatory Network</a> since 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv/220px-seek%3D210-Saved_From_Extinction.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="292" data-mwtitle="Saved_From_Extinction.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Saved_From_Extinction.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv/Saved_From_Extinction.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/VOA" class="mw-redirect" title="VOA">VOA</a> report about the institute</figcaption></figure> <p>Amongst the SCBI's most well known research programs are those based on the captive breeding, and reintroduction, of such endangered species as the <a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">black-footed ferret</a> (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">clouded leopard</a> (<i>Neofelis nebulosa</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Guam_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Guam Rail">Guam Rail</a> (<i>Hypotaenidia owstoni</i>), <a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_horse" title="Przewalski's horse">Przewalski's horse</a> (<i>Equus przewalskii</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Matschie%27s_tree-kangaroo" title="Matschie's tree-kangaroo">Matschie's tree-kangaroo</a> (<i>Dendrolagus matechiei</i>). <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, despite its accomplishments, the SCBI has not been exempt from controversy. In 2001, the former Smithsonian Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_M._Small" title="Lawrence M. Small">Lawrence M. Small</a>, backed by former Zoo Director Lucy Spelman, proposed the closure of the facility as a cost-saving measure. Opposition from the public and the scientific and conservation communities forced Secretary Small to back down from this decision.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, the leadership of Lawrence M. Small was shown to be fraught with corruption and waste,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he resigned as Secretary in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-MyUser_The_Washington_Post_January_19_2015c_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_The_Washington_Post_January_19_2015c-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the departure of Small, the SCBI has formed many long term partnerships (e.g. with <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Tropical_Forest_Science" title="Center for Tropical Forest Science">Center for Tropical Forest Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> (Smithsonian-Mason Global Conservation Studies Program),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/National_Ecological_Observatory_Network" title="National Ecological Observatory Network">National Ecological Observatory Network</a>) to help ensure its long-term viability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specimens">Specimens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specimens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, the SCBI's collection of animals stands at over 400 specimens, including 17 <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> and 15 <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">avian</a> species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ordinarily closed to the public, the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute hosts an annual open-house event each fall. The "Autumn Conservation Festival" is sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_National_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of the National Zoo">Friends of the National Zoo</a> (FONZ) and provides an opportunity for members of the public to tour the grounds and veterinary facilities, interact with the staff and learn more about the research conducted at the SCBI. The "Autumn Conservation Festival" is held on the first weekend in October. FONZ also hosts a summer sleepaway camp on the site for children ages ten to fifteen. </p><p>Some of the species kept here include <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hooded_crane" title="Hooded crane">hooded cranes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-crowned_crane" title="Red-crowned crane">red-crowned cranes</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-naped_crane" title="White-naped crane">white-naped crane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maned_wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Maned wolves">maned wolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetahs</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mariana_crow" title="Mariana crow">mariana crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">black-footed ferrets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_onager" title="Persian onager">persian onagers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmann%27s_mountain_zebra" title="Hartmann's mountain zebra">Hartmann's mountain zebras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scimitar-horned_oryx" class="mw-redirect" title="Scimitar-horned oryx">scimitar-horned oryxs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SI_archives-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI_archives_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI_archives_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Archives+%28Siarchives.si.edu%29&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute+%28SCBI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiarchives.si.edu%2Fhistory%2Fsmithsonian-conservation-biology-institute-scbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siarchives.si.edu/history/smithsonian-conservation-biology-institute-scbi">"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute+%28SCBI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiarchives.si.edu%2Fhistory%2Fsmithsonian-conservation-biology-institute-scbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiVita2001" class="citation journal cs1">DiVita, Lee J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Smithsonian+Chief+Resigns+Amid+Criticism&rft.date=2007-03-26&rft.au=Brett+Zongker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F03%2F26%2FAR2007032600665.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719201913/http://mccs.gmu.edu/">"Mason Center for Conservation Studies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mccs.gmu.edu/">the original</a> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mason+Center+for+Conservation+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmccs.gmu.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmithsonian+Conservation+Biology+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalzoo.si.edu/conservation/about-scbi">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal Campus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Smithsonian Institution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Smithsonian_Institution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Smithsonian_museums" title="List of Smithsonian museums">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">African American History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_Art" title="National Museum of African Art">African Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">Air and Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar–Hazy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">American Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renwick_Gallery" title="Renwick Gallery">Renwick Gallery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">American History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Jazz_Masterworks_Orchestra" title="Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra">Jazz Masterworks Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">Numismatic Collection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">American Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Gustav_Heye_Center" title="George Gustav Heye Center">Heye Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Community_Museum" title="Anacostia Community Museum">Anacostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Asian_Art" title="National Museum of Asian Art">Asian Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Gallery" title="Arthur M. Sackler Gallery">Sackler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum" title="Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum">Cooper–Hewitt Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Gardens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_American_Gardens" title="Archives of American Gardens">Archives of American Gardens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Latino" title="National Museum of the American Latino">Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">Natural History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_for_the_Barcode_of_Life" title="Consortium for the Barcode of Life">Barcode of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Volcanism_Program" title="Global Volcanism Program">Global Volcanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Women%27s_History_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Women's History Museum">Women's History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zoo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoological Park</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Beazley" title="Uncle Beazley">Uncle Beazley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_American_Art" title="Archives of American Art">Archives of American Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Coral_Reef_Ecosystems_Program" title="Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program">Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_at_the_Smithsonian_Institution" title="Conservation and restoration at the Smithsonian Institution">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics" title="Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservation Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Environmental_Research_Center" title="Smithsonian Environmental Research Center">Environmental Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Libraries_and_Archives" title="Smithsonian Libraries and Archives">Libraries and Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Marine_Station_at_Fort_Pierce" title="Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce">Marine Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Conservation_Institute" title="Museum Conservation Institute">Museum Conservation Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Migratory_Bird_Center" title="Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center">Migratory Bird</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Tropical_Research_Institute" title="Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute">Tropical Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Asian_Pacific_American_Center" title="Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center">Asian Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Latino_Center" title="Smithsonian Latino Center">Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Center_for_Folklife_and_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage">Folklife and Cultural Heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folklife_Festival" title="Smithsonian Folklife Festival">Folklife Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folkways" title="Smithsonian Folkways">Folkways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Global_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Global Sound">Global Sound</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Affiliations" title="Smithsonian Affiliations">Affiliations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Dillon_Ripley_Center" title="S. Dillon Ripley Center">Ripley Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Art_(journal)" title="American Art (journal)">American Art</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space/Smithsonian" title="Air & Space/Smithsonian">Air & Space/Smithsonian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/STEM_in_30" title="STEM in 30">STEM in 30</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)"><i>Smithsonian</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Channel" title="Smithsonian Channel">Smithsonian Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Contributions_and_Studies_Series" title="Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series">Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Smithson_Medal" title="James Smithson Medal">James Smithson Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lang_Freer_Medal" title="Charles Lang Freer Medal">Charles Lang Freer Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodgkins_Medal" title="Hodgkins Medal">Hodgkins Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Gold_Medal" title="Langley Gold Medal">Langley Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Design_Awards" title="National Design Awards">National Design Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Philatelic_Achievement_Award" title="Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award">Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Awards" title="Woodrow Wilson Awards">Woodrow Wilson Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Smithson" title="James Smithson">James Smithson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Wilson Center</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_Quarterly" title="The Wilson Quarterly">The Wilson Quarterly</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Police">Smithsonian Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Tick_Collection" title="U.S. National Tick Collection">U.S. National Tick Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_Tech" title="Template:Virginia Tech"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_Tech" title="Template talk:Virginia Tech"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_Tech" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia Tech"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;"><div><b>Located in</b>: <a href="/wiki/Blacksburg,_Virginia" title="Blacksburg, Virginia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Blacksburg, Virginia</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Agriculture_and_Life_Sciences" title="Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life Sciences">College of Agriculture and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Architecture_and_Urban_Studies" title="Virginia Tech College of Architecture and Urban Studies">College of Architecture and Urban Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Pamplin_College_of_Business" title="Virginia Tech Pamplin College of Business">Pamplin College of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Engineering" title="Virginia Tech College of Engineering">College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Liberal_Arts_and_Human_Sciences" title="Virginia Tech College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences">College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Carilion_School_of_Medicine_and_Research_Institute" title="Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute">Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Virginia Tech School of Public and International Affairs">School of Public and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_-_Wake_Forest_University_School_of_Biomedical_Engineering_%26_Sciences" title="Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences">School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment" title="Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment">College of Natural Resources and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Via_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine">College of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_College_of_Science" title="Virginia Tech College of Science">College of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia%E2%80%93Maryland_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine" title="Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine">College of Veterinary Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png/90px-Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png/135px-Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png/180px-Drill_Field_Virginia_Tech_-_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Corporate_Research_Center" title="Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center">Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Foundation" title="Virginia Tech Foundation">Virginia Tech Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocomplexity_Institute_of_Virginia_Tech" title="Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech">Biocomplexity Institute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Cooperative_Extension" title="Virginia Cooperative Extension">Virginia Cooperative Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Institute_for_Policy_and_Governance" title="Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance">Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_X_(supercomputer)" title="System X (supercomputer)">System X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_G_(supercomputer)" title="System G (supercomputer)">System G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Smart_Road" title="Virginia Smart Road">Virginia Smart Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECorridors" title="ECorridors">eCorridors Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-58" title="E-58">e-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Stability_Wind_Tunnel" title="Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel">Stability Wind Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partners_for_Advanced_Transit_and_Highways" title="Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_school_of_political_economy" title="Virginia school of political economy">Virginia school of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Library_Association" title="Virginia Library Association">VLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARwIn-OP" title="DARwIn-OP">DARwIn-OP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoknife" title="Nanoknife">Nanoknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carilion_Roanoke_Memorial_Hospital" title="Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital">Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibX" title="LibX">LibX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_LambdaRail" title="National LambdaRail">Mid-Atlantic Terascale Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTLS" title="VTLS">VTLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacksburg_Electronic_Village" title="Blacksburg Electronic Village">Blacksburg Electronic Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelikan_tail" title="Pelikan tail">Pelikan tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_School_Leaders_Institute" title="Virginia School Leaders Institute">Virginia School Leaders Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Aerospace" title="National Institute of Aerospace">NIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Dual_Auroral_Radar_Network" title="Super Dual Auroral Radar Network">Super Dual Auroral Radar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETBLAST" title="ETBLAST">eTBLAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_impact_telemetry_system" title="Head impact telemetry system">Head impact telemetry system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_rubber" title="Metal rubber">Metal rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_of_Excellence_for_Aviation_Operators" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center of Excellence for Aviation Operators">NEXTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_battery" title="Sugar battery">Sugar battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Cyber_Range" title="Virginia Cyber Range">Virginia Cyber Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies" title="Virginia Tech Hokies"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_baseball" title="Virginia Tech Hokies baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_men%27s_basketball" title="Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_women%27s_basketball" title="Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_football" title="Virginia Tech Hokies football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_men%27s_soccer" title="Virginia Tech Hokies men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_women%27s_soccer" title="Virginia Tech Hokies women's soccer">Women's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_softball" title="Virginia Tech Hokies softball">Softball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berglund_Center" title="Berglund Center">Berglund Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassell_Coliseum" title="Cassell Coliseum">Cassell Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Field" title="English Field">English Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Stadium" title="Lane Stadium">Lane Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_D._Thompson_Field" title="Sandra D. Thompson Field">Thompson Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_rivalry" title="Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry">Virginia Tech–Virginia rivalry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virginia%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_rivalry" title="Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry">overall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_football_rivalry" title="Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry">football</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_men%27s_basketball_rivalry" title="Virginia–Virginia Tech men's basketball rivalry">men's basketball</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Diamond Trophy">Virginia Tech–West Virginia rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_football_rivalry" title="Georgia Tech–Virginia Tech football rivalry">Virginia Tech-Georgia Tech rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMI%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_football_rivalry" title="VMI–Virginia Tech football rivalry">Virginia Tech-VMI rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_football_rivalry" title="Miami–Virginia Tech football rivalry">Virginia Tech–Miami rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College%E2%80%93Virginia_Tech_football_rivalry" title="Boston College–Virginia Tech football rivalry">Virginia Tech–Boston College rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HokieBird" title="HokieBird">HokieBird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hokie" title="Old Hokie">Old Hokie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Triumph" title="Tech Triumph">Tech Triumph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Water_Polo_Association" title="Collegiate Water Polo Association">Collegiate Water Polo Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_Tech_IMG_Sports_Network_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Virginia Tech IMG Sports Network stations">Virginia Tech IMG Sports Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Tech campus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Campus</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech#Extended_campuses" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech National Capital Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington-Alexandria_Architecture_Center" title="Washington-Alexandria Architecture Center">Washington-Alexandria Architecture Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Richmond_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Tech Richmond Center">Virginia Tech Richmond Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Roanoke" title="Hotel Roanoke">Hotel Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_Honors_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillcrest Honors Community">Hillcrest Honors Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_and_Olin_Institute" title="Preston and Olin Institute">Preston and Olin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Homestead" title="Reynolds Homestead">Reynolds Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Montgomery_Executive_Airport" title="Virginia Tech Montgomery Executive Airport">BCB Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Times" title="Collegiate Times">Collegiate Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Corps_of_Cadets" title="Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets">Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highty-Tighties" title="Highty-Tighties">Highty-Tighties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marching_Virginians" title="The Marching Virginians">The Marching Virginians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Virginians" title="The New Virginians">The New Virginians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Rescue_Squad" title="Virginia Tech Rescue Squad">Virginia Tech Rescue Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Educational_Media_Company_at_Virginia_Tech" title="The Educational Media Company at Virginia Tech">The Educational Media Company at Virginia Tech</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Morrison" title="United States v. Morrison">United States v. Morrison</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUVT-FM" title="WUVT-FM">WUVT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">WVTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEVT" title="HEVT">HEVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBRW" title="WBRW">WBRW</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tech_Talk_Live" title="Tech Talk Live">Tech Talk Live</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_IQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio IQ">Radio IQ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Middle_English_Verse" title="Index of Middle English Verse">Index of Middle English Verse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hahn_Horticulture_Garden" title="Hahn Horticulture Garden">Hahn Horticulture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokie_Stone" title="Hokie Stone">Hokie Stone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graduating_Peter" title="Graduating Peter">Graduating Peter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_Valley" title="New River Valley">New River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech#History" title="Virginia Tech">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_shooting" title="Virginia Tech shooting">Virginia Tech shooting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seung-Hui_Cho" title="Seung-Hui Cho">Seung-Hui Cho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroubles_Creek" title="Stroubles Creek">Stroubles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacksburg_Transit" title="Blacksburg Transit">Blacksburg Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Metro_(Roanoke)" title="Valley Metro (Roanoke)">Valley Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Police_Department" title="Virginia Tech Police Department">Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_Tech_alumni" title="List of Virginia Tech alumni">List of Virginia Tech alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech#List_of_presidents" title="Virginia Tech">List of Virginia Tech Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_Tech_Hokies_head_football_coaches" title="List of Virginia Tech Hokies head football coaches">List of Virginia Tech head football coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_Tech_commencement_speakers" title="List of Virginia Tech commencement speakers">Commencement speakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#861F41;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #E87722, inset -2px -2px 0 #E87722;;"><div> <ul><li><b>Founded</b>: 1872</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127326#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000045375659X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/160535087">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010187555">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0217692&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Conservation and Research Center (National Zoological Park)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0217691&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&oldid=1245670532">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_Conservation_Biology_Institute&oldid=1245670532</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virginia_Tech" 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