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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Anfang)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschichte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschichte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschichte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschichte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vorkommen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vorkommen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vorkommen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vorkommen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darstellung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darstellung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Darstellung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darstellung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eigenschaften" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eigenschaften"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eigenschaften</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eigenschaften-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwendung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwendung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verwendung</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verwendung-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Verwendung umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verwendung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verwendung_im_wissenschaftlichen_Bereich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwendung_im_wissenschaftlichen_Bereich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Verwendung im wissenschaftlichen Bereich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwendung_im_wissenschaftlichen_Bereich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nachweis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nachweis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nachweis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nachweis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physiologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Physiologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physiologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sicherheitshinweise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sicherheitshinweise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sicherheitshinweise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sicherheitshinweise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbindungen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbindungen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verbindungen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verbindungen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Verbindungen umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verbindungen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oxide_und_Hydroxide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxide_und_Hydroxide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Oxide und Hydroxide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxide_und_Hydroxide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halogenide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Halogenide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonstige_Verbindungen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonstige_Verbindungen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Sonstige Verbindungen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonstige_Verbindungen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einzelnachweise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einzelnachweise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Einzelnachweise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einzelnachweise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Weblinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubidium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 147 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሩቢዲየም – Amharisch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩቢዲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روبيديوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبيديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روبيديوم – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روبيديوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روبيديوم – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبيديوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rubidiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Baschkirisch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkirisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidyo" title="Rubidyo – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rubidyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Рубідый – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рубідый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Рубід – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рубід" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রুবিডিয়াম – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুবিডিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་བི་ཌིམ། – Tibetisch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་བི་ཌིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiom" title="Rubidiom – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rubidiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rubidij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidyo" title="Rubidyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rubidyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڕۆبیدیۆم – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆبیدیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu – Korsisch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Rubidiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwbidiwm" title="Rwbidiwm – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwbidiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουβίδιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουβίδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiidium" title="Rubiidium – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rubiidium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روبیدیم – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبیدیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Färöisch" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Färöisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiidium" title="Rubiidium – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rubiidium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Friaulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friaulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubaidiam" title="Rubaidiam – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rubaidiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A3" title="銣 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="銣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruibidium" title="Ruibidium – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruibidium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="રુબિડીયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રુબિડીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiddjum" title="Rubiddjum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rubiddjum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רובידיום – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובידיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rubidij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdium" title="Rubídium – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rubídium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ռուբիդիում – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուբիդիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAbid%C3%ADn" title="Rúbidín – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúbidín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ルビジウム – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルビジウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xunsodna" title="xunsodna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xunsodna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiyum" title="Rubidiyum – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rubidiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რუბიდიუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუბიდიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%CA%8Ap%C9%A9d%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Rʊpɩdɩyɔm – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rʊpɩdɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ರುಬಿಡಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುಬಿಡಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84%EB%93%90" title="루비듐 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루비듐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AEdy%C3%BBm" title="Rubîdyûm – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rubîdyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiom" title="Rubidiom – Kornisch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rubidiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Kirgisisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Luxemburgisch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiddio" title="Rubiddio – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rubiddio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rubidio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidis" title="Rubidis – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rubidis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%ABdijs" title="Rubīdijs – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rubīdijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Рубиди – Mokschanisch" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рубиди" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидиум – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рубидиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റൂബിഡിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൂബിഡിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Рубиди – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рубиди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯔꯨꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ – Meithei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯨꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meithei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ရူဘီဒီယမ် – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူဘီဒီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidii" title="Rubidii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Rubidii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruubidiyeemii" title="Ruubidiyeemii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ruubidiyeemii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰੁਬੀਡੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੁਬੀਡੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubid" title="Rubid – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rubid" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روبیڈیم – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روبیڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روبيډيوم – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روبيډيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rubídio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupityu" title="Rupityu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rupityu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rubidiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu – Aromunisch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Rubidiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromunisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुबिडियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रुबिडियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидиум – Jakutisch" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рубидиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakutisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ACdiu" title="Rubìdiu – Sardisch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rubìdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu – Sizilianisch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rubidiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rubidij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdium" title="Rubídium – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rubídium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rubidij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiidhiyaam" title="Rubiidhiyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rubiidhiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiumi" title="Rubidiumi – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rubidiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидијум – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рубидијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Sundanesisch" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உருபீடியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருபீடியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="రుబీడియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రుబీడియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Tadschikisch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="รูบิเดียม – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูบิเดียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidyo" title="Rubidyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rubidyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidyum" title="Rubidyum – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rubidyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рубидий – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рубидий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A" title="رۇبىدىي – Uigurisch" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇبىدىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uigurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рубідій – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рубідій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="روبیڈیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روبیڈیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiy" title="Rubidiy – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rubidiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidii" title="Rubidii – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rubidii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rubidi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidiom" title="Rubidiom – Wallonisch" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rubidiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Wallonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidyo" title="Rubidyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rubidyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рубидиум – Kalmückisch" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Рубидиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmückisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רובידיום – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רובידיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A3" title="銣 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銣" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rubidium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A3" title="銣 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILubimbo" title="ILubimbo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILubimbo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q895#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Links auf Artikel in anderen Sprachen bearbeiten" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeiten</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namensräume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Seiteninhalt anzeigen [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Rubidium" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion zum Seiteninhalt [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Deutsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ansichten"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=history" title="Frühere Versionen dieser Seite [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Werkzeuge" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Werkzeuge</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Werkzeuge</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Weitere Optionen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktionen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium"><span>Lesen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit" title="Diese Seite mit dem VisualEditor bearbeiten [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit" title="Den Quelltext dieser Seite bearbeiten [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=history"><span>Versionsgeschichte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Rubidium" title="Liste aller Seiten, die hierher verlinken [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links auf diese Seite</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Rubidium" rel="nofollow" title="Letzte Änderungen an Seiten, die von hier verlinkt sind [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Änderungen an verlinkten Seiten</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&oldid=254699792" title="Dauerhafter Link zu dieser Seitenversion"><span>Permanenter Link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Seiteninformationen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Rubidium&id=254699792&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Artikel zitieren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRubidium"><span>Kurzlink</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRubidium"><span>QR-Code herunterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drucken/exportieren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rubidium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Als PDF herunterladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In anderen Projekten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rubidium" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q895" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="float-right infobox wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;"> <div id="table" style="position:relative;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed; border:2px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 5<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>1</sup></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">37</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Rb</span></div> <div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Allgemein </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">Rubidium, Rb, 37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemische_Elemente_der_f%C3%BCnften_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der fünften Periode">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aussehen </td> <td>silbrig weiß </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a> </td> <td> <p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref=7440-17-7">7440-17-7</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a> </td> <td>231-126-6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.296">100.028.296</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massenanteil an der <a href="/wiki/Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">29 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> (31. Rang)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">85,4678(3)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet) </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">235 (265) <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">220 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Van-der-Waals-Radius" title="Van-der-Waals-Radius">Van-der-Waals-Radius</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">303<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 5<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}</style>4<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span><span class="numericFormat-fractpart">177</span><span class="numericFormat-fractpart">128</span>0(12) <a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" />403<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>03 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" />27<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>28954(6) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" /><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>633<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>04 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" />39<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>247(3) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" /><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>786<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>8 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" />52<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>20(25) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" /><span class="numericFormat-1000">5</span>037 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" />68<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>44(15) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224" /><span class="numericFormat-1000">6</span>603 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a> </td> <td>fest </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">kubisch raumzentriert </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1,532 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rte#Mohs" title="Härte">Mohshärte</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">0,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> = 3,8 · 10<sup>−6</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">312,46 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (39,31 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">961,2 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (688 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">55,76 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">69 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,19 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">1300 m·s<sup>−1</sup> bei 293,15 K </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austrittsarbeit" title="Austrittsarbeit">Austrittsarbeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,16 <a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">7,52 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(Einheit)" title="Siemens (Einheit)">S</a>·m<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">58 <a href="/wiki/Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">−1, <b>+1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a> </td> <td>−2,924 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Rb<sup>+</sup> + e<sup>−</sup> → Rb) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a> </td> <td>0,82 (<a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0; font-weight:bold;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>83</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>86,2 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>0,910 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><sup>83</sup>Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>84</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">32,77 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>2,681 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><sup>84</sup>Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>0,894 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><sup>84</sup>Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>85</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><b>72,168</b> % </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotop#Mischelemente_und_Reinelemente" title="Isotop">Stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>86</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>18,631 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>1,775 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><sup>86</sup>Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>87</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap">27,835 % </td> <td>4,81 · 10<sup>10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>0,283 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><sup>87</sup>Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>88</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>17,78 <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>5,316 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><sup>88</sup>Sr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>89</sup>Rb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>15,15 <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>4,501 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><sup>89</sup>Sr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_31_bis_Ordnungszahl_40#37_Rubidium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 31 bis Ordnungszahl 40">Liste der Isotope</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; text-align:center; color:#202122;"><a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz">NMR</a>-Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe1"> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kernspin" title="Kernspin">Kernspin</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gyromagnetisches_Verh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis"><i>γ</i></a> in<br /><a href="/wiki/Radiant_(Einheit)" title="Radiant (Einheit)">rad</a>·<a href="/wiki/Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><sup>−1</sup>·<a href="/wiki/Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a><sup>−1</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie#Empfindlichkeit_der_NMR-Spektroskopie" title="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie"><i>E</i><sub>r</sub> (<sup>1</sup>H)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Larmorfrequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Larmorfrequenz"><i>f</i><sub>L</sub></a> bei<br /><i>B</i> = 4,7 <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><br />in <a href="/wiki/Hertz_(Einheit)" title="Hertz (Einheit)">MHz</a> </th></tr> <tr class="hintergrundfarbe1"> <td><b><sup>85</sup>Rb</b> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5/2 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2,583 · 10<sup>7</sup> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">0,0105 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">19,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><sup>87</sup>Rb</b> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">3/2 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">8,753 · 10<sup>7</sup> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">0,175 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">65,4 </td></tr> </tbody></table><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <table id="Piktogramme0205" class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"><img alt="Gefahrensymbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/80px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/160px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="05 – Ätzend"><img alt="Gefahrensymbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/250px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gefahr</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a> </td> <td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="In Berührung mit Wasser entstehen entzündbare Gase, die sich spontan entzünden können.">260</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden.">314</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">EUH: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: EUH-Sätze"></span><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#EUH-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Reagiert heftig mit Wasser.">014</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Keinen Kontakt mit Wasser zulassen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „4. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Dezember 2014)">223</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Inhalt unter inertem Gas/… handhaben und aufbewahren. Vor Feuchtigkeit schützen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">231+232</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Staub / Rauch / Gas / Nebel / Dampf / Aerosol nicht einatmen.">260</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Berührung mit der Haut [oder dem Haar]: Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen [oder duschen].
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">303+361+353</span></span></a>‐<a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:OrangeRed; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="/wiki/Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p><p><b>Rubidium</b> (von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Latein" title="Latein">lateinisch</a></span> <span lang="la-Latn" style="font-style:italic"><i>rubidus</i></span> ‚tiefrot‘; wegen zweier charakteristischer roter <a href="/wiki/Spektrallinie" title="Spektrallinie">Spektrallinien</a>) ist ein <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Rb und der <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 37. Im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der 1. <a href="/wiki/Hauptgruppe" title="Hauptgruppe">Hauptgruppe</a>, bzw. der 1. <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">IUPAC-Gruppe</a> und zählt zu den <a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetallen</a>. Das weiche, silbrigweiß glänzende Metall entzündet sich spontan bei Luftzutritt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubidium wurde 1861 von <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilhelm_Bunsen" title="Robert Wilhelm Bunsen">Robert Wilhelm Bunsen</a> und <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Robert Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a> <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopie" title="Spektroskopie">spektroskopisch</a> als ein geringer (<1 %) Bestandteil von <a href="/wiki/Lepidolith" title="Lepidolith">Lepidolith</a> aus Sachsen bzw. aus Mähren entdeckt, sowie als Bestandteil im <a href="/wiki/Mineralwasser" title="Mineralwasser">Mineralwasser</a> der neu erschlossenen <a href="/wiki/Alte_Maxquelle_(Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim)" title="Alte Maxquelle (Bad Dürkheim)">Maxquelle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim" title="Bad Dürkheim">Bad Dürkheim</a>. Bunsen gelang es, Rubidiumsalze sowohl aus dem aufgeschlossenen Lepidolith als auch aus Mineralwassersole zu <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4llung" title="Fällung">fällen</a> und es von anderen Alkalimetallsalzen zu trennen. Dazu verarbeitete Bunsen 150 kg aufgeschlossenen Lepidolith, um wenige Gramm <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchlorid" title="Rubidiumchlorid">RbCl</a> zu isolieren, und 44200 Liter Dürkheimer Quellwasser für 9 g RbCl.<sup id="cite_ref-KirBunsen1861_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KirBunsen1861-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Vorkommen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vorkommen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubidium gehört zur Gruppe der <a href="/wiki/Inkompatibles_Element" title="Inkompatibles Element">inkompatiblen Elemente</a> und tritt in der Regel zusammen mit diesen in erhöhten Konzentrationen auf.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Element kommt in kleiner Konzentration in einigen Mineralien wie <a href="/wiki/Pollucit" title="Pollucit">Pollucit</a> und <a href="/wiki/Zinnwaldit" title="Zinnwaldit">Zinnwaldit</a> vor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lepidolith" title="Lepidolith">Lepidolith</a> (bis zu 1,5 %) und <a href="/wiki/Leucit" title="Leucit">Leucit</a> enthalten ebenfalls Rubidium. </p><p>Erst in den letzten Jahren wurden auch eigenständige Rubidium-Minerale entdeckt. Dazu gehört der <a href="/wiki/Rubiklin" title="Rubiklin">Rubiklin</a> (Rb(AlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>)), der 1998 auf der Insel Elba gefunden wurde und strukturell dem Mikroklin entspricht, aber mehr Rubidium als Kalium enthält.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Außer Rubiklin sind bisher mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voloshinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voloshinit (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Voloshinit</a> (Rb(LiAl<sub>1,5</sub>☐<sub>0,5</sub>)(Al<sub>0,5</sub>Si<sub>3,5</sub>)O<sub>10</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramanit-(Rb)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramanit-(Rb) (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Ramanit-(Rb)</a> (RbB<sub>5</sub>O<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) nur zwei weitere Minerale mit formelrelevantem Gehalt an Rubidium bekannt (2023).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darstellung">Darstellung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Darstellung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Darstellung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Rubidium_amp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rubidium_amp.jpg/250px-Rubidium_amp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rubidium_amp.jpg/330px-Rubidium_amp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rubidium_amp.jpg/500px-Rubidium_amp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>1 g Rubidium in einer Ampulle</figcaption></figure> <p>Im Labor erfolgt die Darstellung kleiner Mengen reinen Rubidiums über die Reduktion des <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchromat" title="Rubidiumchromat">Chromats</a> oder <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumdichromat" title="Rubidiumdichromat">Dichromats</a> mittels <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Brauer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brauer-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Rb2Cr2O7 + 2 Zr -> 2 Rb + 2 ZrO2 + Cr2O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Rb</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>Cr</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>Zr</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>Rb</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>ZrO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cr</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Rb2Cr2O7 + 2 Zr -> 2 Rb + 2 ZrO2 + Cr2O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb7f94c98696adca5eb18a45bf764694bd2e2895" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:45.865ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Rb2Cr2O7 + 2 Zr -> 2 Rb + 2 ZrO2 + Cr2O3}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>oder die thermische Zersetzung von <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumazid" title="Rubidiumazid">Rubidiumazid</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 RbN3 -> 2 Rb + 3 N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>RbN</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>Rb</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2 RbN3 -> 2 Rb + 3 N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/835ba1a1fb69894fe16e954bb938fb6c3cbd465b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:24.186ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 RbN3 -> 2 Rb + 3 N2}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>sowie anschließender <a href="/wiki/Destillation" title="Destillation">Destillation</a> im <a href="/wiki/Hochvakuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochvakuum">Hochvakuum</a>. </p><p>Metallisches Rubidium kann außerdem durch Reduktion von <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchlorid" title="Rubidiumchlorid">Rubidiumchlorid</a> mit <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> im <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">Vakuum</a> hergestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg/220px-Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg/330px-Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg/440px-Die_Flammenf%C3%A4rbung_des_Rubidium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Die Flammenfärbung von Rubidium</figcaption></figure> <p>Wie die anderen Alkalimetalle ist Rubidium an der Luft unbeständig und oxidiert. Mit Wasser reagiert es äußerst heftig unter Bildung von <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhydroxid" title="Rubidiumhydroxid">Rubidiumhydroxid</a> und <a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a>, der sich in der Luft in der Regel entzündet. Mit <a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Quecksilber</a> bildet es ein <a href="/wiki/Amalgam" title="Amalgam">Amalgam</a>, mit den Metallen <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> und <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> ist es legierbar. Rubidium ist ein starkes <a href="/wiki/Reduktionsmittel" title="Reduktionsmittel">Reduktionsmittel</a>. </p><p>Rubidium hat zwei dunkelrote Spektrallinien (daher der Name des Elements).<sup id="cite_ref-BuKi1861_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuKi1861-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Isotope"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Von den beiden natürlich vorkommenden Isotopen ist nur <sup>85</sup>Rb stabil, <sup>87</sup>Rb ist ein <a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">Betastrahler</a> und zerfällt zu <sup>87</sup><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>. Mit einer extrem langen Halbwertszeit von etwa 48 Milliarden Jahren ist seine Radioaktivität sehr gering. </p><p>Mehrere Isotope werden für bestimmte Anwendungen eingesetzt. Das Verhältnis von Rb- und Sr-Isotopen in Gesteinen wird zur <a href="/wiki/Radiometrische_Datierung" title="Radiometrische Datierung">radiometrischen Datierung</a> auf <a href="/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie">kosmologischen</a> Zeitskalen herangezogen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Für Zeitstandards werden <sup>87</sup>Rb und <sup>85</sup>Rb verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup>82</sup>Rb und <sup>86</sup>Rb werden zum Teil als Tracer verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubidium und seine Verbindungen besitzen ein nur kleines Anwendungsspektrum und werden hauptsächlich in der Forschung und Entwicklung eingesetzt. Verwendungsmöglichkeiten bestehen als: </p><p>Die wichtigste Anwendung von Rubidium ist in <a href="/wiki/Rubidiumuhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidiumuhr">Rubidiumuhren</a> (einer Art von <a href="/wiki/Atomuhr" title="Atomuhr">Atomuhren</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, bei denen ein <a href="/wiki/Hyperfeinstruktur" title="Hyperfeinstruktur">Hyperfein</a>-Übergang von <sup>87</sup>Rb als Frequenzgeber dient. Solche Rubidiumuhren dienen insbesondere als Zeitgeber in den Satelliten des <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und anderer Satelliten-Navigationssysteme (<a href="/wiki/Galileo_(Satellitennavigation)" title="Galileo (Satellitennavigation)">Galileo</a>, <a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">Glonass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beidou_(Satellitennavigation)" title="Beidou (Satellitennavigation)">BeiDou</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In der Medizin dient <sup>82</sup>Rb als <a href="/wiki/Tracer_(Nuklearmedizin)" title="Tracer (Nuklearmedizin)">Tracer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie" title="Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie">PET</a>-<a href="/wiki/Perfusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfusion">Perfusionsstudien</a> des <a href="/wiki/Myokard" class="mw-redirect" title="Myokard">Myokards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rubidium wird nicht in dekorativer <a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnik" title="Pyrotechnik">Pyrotechnik</a> verwendet, kommt aber in spezieller Pyrotechnik im militärischen Bereich zum Einsatz, zum Beispiel für <a href="/wiki/Infrarotstrahlung" title="Infrarotstrahlung">Infrarot</a>-Tarnnebel und Infrarot-<a href="/wiki/Flares_(T%C3%A4uschk%C3%B6rper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flares (Täuschkörper)">Flares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verwendung_im_wissenschaftlichen_Bereich">Verwendung im wissenschaftlichen Bereich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung im wissenschaftlichen Bereich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung im wissenschaftlichen Bereich"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubidium eignet sich zur Demonstration der <a href="/wiki/Laserk%C3%BChlung" title="Laserkühlung">Laserkühlung</a>, da hier günstige Laserdioden für die relevanten Wellenlängen zur Verfügung stehen, sodass die Herstellung eines <a href="/wiki/Bose-Einstein-Kondensat" title="Bose-Einstein-Kondensat">Bose-Einstein-Kondensats</a> vergleichsweise einfach möglich ist.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Verwendung von Rubidium in Speichern für <a href="/wiki/Quantencomputer" title="Quantencomputer">Quanten-Computer</a> wird ebenfalls erforscht.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium-Rubidium-Tartrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium-Rubidium-Tartrat (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Natrium-Rubidium-Tartrat</a> wurde im Jahr <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> für die erste Aufklärung einer <a href="/wiki/Stereochemie" title="Stereochemie">absoluten stereochemischen Konfiguration</a> verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nachweis">Nachweis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Nachweis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nachweis"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zum Nachweis von Rubidium kann man seine rotviolette <a href="/wiki/Flammenf%C3%A4rbung" title="Flammenfärbung">Flammenfärbung</a> nutzen. Im <a href="/wiki/Spektroskop" title="Spektroskop">Spektroskop</a> zeigt sich eine deutliche <a href="/wiki/Emissionslinie" class="mw-redirect" title="Emissionslinie">Emissionslinie</a> bei 780,0 nm.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quantitativ lässt sich dies in der <a href="/wiki/Flammenphotometrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Flammenphotometrie">Flammenphotometrie</a> zur Bestimmung von Rubidiumspuren nutzen. In der <a href="/wiki/Polarographie" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarographie">Polarographie</a> zeigt Rubidium eine reversible kathodische Stufe bei −2,118 V (gegen <a href="/wiki/Kalomelelektrode" title="Kalomelelektrode">SCE</a>). Dabei müssen als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundelektrolyt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundelektrolyt (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Grundelektrolyt</a> <a href="/wiki/Quart%C3%A4re_Ammoniumverbindungen" title="Quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen">quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen</a> (hier beispielsweise 0,1 <a href="/wiki/Molarit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Molarität">M</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid" title="Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid">Tetramethylammoniumhydroxid</a>) verwendet werden, weil andere Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallionen sehr ähnliche Halbstufenpotentiale besitzen.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ein weiterer qualitativer Nachweis ist die Bildung eines schwerlöslichen Tripelsalzes in schwach saurer Lösung mit Natrium-, Bismut- und Nitritionen, die einen gelbgefärbten Niederschlag der Zusammensetzung RbNaBi(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub> liefern, dessen Kristalle eine oktaedrische Form aufweisen. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 0,5 mg Rubidium. Diese kann durch Verwendung von Silberionen anstelle der Natriumionen noch gesteigert werden, allerdings liefert Caesium eine ähnliche Reaktion.<sup id="cite_ref-HDAC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDAC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiologie">Physiologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Physiologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Physiologie"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Für Pflanzen ist Rubidium vermutlich nicht essentiell, bei Tieren scheint es für den normalen Verlauf der <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4chtigkeit" title="Trächtigkeit">Trächtigkeit</a> notwendig zu sein.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Rubidiumbedarf des Menschen dürfte bei weniger als 100 µg pro Tag liegen. Mit der üblichen Mischkost kommt er auf etwa 1,7 mg am Tag. Ein Rubidiummangel ist bei diesem Angebot ebenso wenig zu erwarten wie eine nutritive Rubidiumbelastung. Tee und Kaffee – <a href="/wiki/Arabica-Kaffee" title="Arabica-Kaffee">Arabica-Kaffee</a> hat den höchsten Rubidium-Gehalt, der in Lebensmitteln festgestellt wurde (Arabica-Bohne: 25,5–182 mg/kg Trockensubstanz)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – liefern Erwachsenen im Mittel 40 % der verzehrten Rubidiummenge. Rubidium wirkt im <a href="/wiki/Zentrales_Nervensystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentrales Nervensystem">zentralen Nervensystem</a> und beeinflusst dort die Konzentration von <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">Neurotransmittern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wobei es die entgegengesetzte Wirkung zum <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> hat.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein therapeutischer Einsatz von Rubidium bei <a href="/wiki/Bipolare_St%C3%B6rung" title="Bipolare Störung">bipolarer Störung</a> wurde im 20. Jahrhundert untersucht. Aus dieser Untersuchung ergab sich keine Empfehlung für einen breiten Einsatz zur Behandlung dieser Störung.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein Rubidiummangel kann bei <a href="/wiki/Dialyse" title="Dialyse">Dialysepatienten</a> vorliegen.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubidium ist selbstentzündlich und reagiert äußerst heftig mit Wasser. Aus Sicherheitsgründen ist Rubidium in trockenem <a href="/wiki/Mineral%C3%B6l" title="Mineralöl">Mineralöl</a>, im Vakuum oder in einer <a href="/wiki/Inertgas" title="Inertgas">Inertgasatmosphäre</a> aufzubewahren. </p><p>Rubidium-Ionen sind nur in sehr großen Mengen gesundheitsschädlich.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxide_und_Hydroxide">Oxide und Hydroxide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Oxide und Hydroxide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Oxide und Hydroxide"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumoxid" title="Rubidiumoxid">Rubidiumoxid</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumperoxid" title="Rubidiumperoxid">Rubidiumperoxid</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhyperoxid" title="Rubidiumhyperoxid">Rubidiumhyperoxid</a> RbO<sub>2</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumozonid" title="Rubidiumozonid">Rubidiumozonid</a> RbO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhydroxid" title="Rubidiumhydroxid">Rubidiumhydroxid</a> RbOH</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Halogenide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Halogenide"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumfluorid" title="Rubidiumfluorid">Rubidiumfluorid</a> RbF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchlorid" title="Rubidiumchlorid">Rubidiumchlorid</a> RbCl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumbromid" title="Rubidiumbromid">Rubidiumbromid</a> RbBr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumiodid" title="Rubidiumiodid">Rubidiumiodid</a> RbI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumtriiodid" title="Rubidiumtriiodid">Rubidiumtriiodid</a> RbI<sub>3</sub></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Verbindungen">Sonstige Verbindungen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sonstige Verbindungen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sonstige Verbindungen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumnitrat" title="Rubidiumnitrat">Rubidiumnitrat</a> RbNO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumsulfat" title="Rubidiumsulfat">Rubidiumsulfat</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhydrogensulfat" title="Rubidiumhydrogensulfat">Rubidiumhydrogensulfat</a> RbHSO<sub>4</sub></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchlorat" title="Rubidiumchlorat">Rubidiumchlorat</a> RbClO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumperchlorat" title="Rubidiumperchlorat">Rubidiumperchlorat</a> RbClO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumbromat" title="Rubidiumbromat">Rubidiumbromat</a> RbBrO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumiodat" title="Rubidiumiodat">Rubidiumiodat</a> RbIO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumperiodat" title="Rubidiumperiodat">Rubidiumperiodat</a> RbIO<sub>4</sub></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumchromat" title="Rubidiumchromat">Rubidiumchromat</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumdichromat" title="Rubidiumdichromat">Rubidiumdichromat</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumcarbonat" title="Rubidiumcarbonat">Rubidiumcarbonat</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhydrogencarbonat" title="Rubidiumhydrogencarbonat">Rubidiumhydrogencarbonat</a> RbHCO<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumdithionat" title="Rubidiumdithionat">Rubidiumdithionat</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumacetat" title="Rubidiumacetat">Rubidiumacetat</a> CH<sub>3</sub>COORb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumformiat" title="Rubidiumformiat">Rubidiumformiat</a> HCOORb</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumhydrid" title="Rubidiumhydrid">Rubidiumhydrid</a> RbH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumamid" title="Rubidiumamid">Rubidiumamid</a> RbNH<sub>2</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumazid" title="Rubidiumazid">Rubidiumazid</a> RbN<sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidiumselenid" title="Rubidiumselenid">Rubidiumselenid</a> Rb<sub>2</sub>Se</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harry_H._Binder" title="Harry H. Binder">Harry H. Binder</a>: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente.</i> S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3777607363" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7776-0736-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte für die Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/rubidium/">www.webelements.com (Rubidium)</a> entnommen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manjeera Mantina, Adam C. Chamberlin, Rosendo Valero, Christopher J. Cramer, Donald G. Truhlar: <i>Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group.</i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/J._Phys._Chem._A" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Phys. Chem. A">J. Phys. Chem. A</a></i> 113, 2009, S. 5806–5812, <a href="//doi.org/10.1021/jp8111556" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1021/jp8111556">doi:10.1021/jp8111556</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-rubidium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-rubidium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=rubidium&units=1&e_out=0&unc_out=1&at_num_out=1&el_name_out=1&ion_charge_out=1&biblio=1"><i>rubidium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span> Abgerufen am 11. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webelements-rubidium-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-rubidium_6-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/rubidium/atoms.html"><i>rubidium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 11. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_7-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. VCH, Weinheim 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3527261699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-527-26169-9</a>, S. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0849304709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-0470-9</a>, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S. 328–337, <a href="//doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Bergmann_(Physiker)" title="Ludwig Bergmann (Physiker)">Ludwig Bergmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Schaefer_(Physiker)" title="Clemens Schaefer (Physiker)">Clemens Schaefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Kassing" title="Rainer Kassing">Rainer Kassing</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Bergmann-Schaefer_Lehrbuch_der_Experimentalphysik" title="Bergmann-Schaefer Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik">Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik</a>.</i> Band 6: <i>Festkörper.</i> 2. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3110174855" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-017485-5</a>, S. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=87RB&unc=nds"><i>Decay Radiation Results.</i></a> In: <i>Chart of Nuclides database.</i> National Nuclear Data Center,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 24. Januar 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARubidium&rft.title=Decay+Radiation+Results&rft.description=Decay+Radiation+Results&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fchart%2Fdecaysearchdirect.jsp%3Fnuc%3D87RB%26unc%3Dnds&rft.publisher=National+Nuclear+Data+Center"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GESTIS-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_12-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=007370">Rubidium</a></span> in der <a href="/wiki/GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 10. Januar 2025.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KirBunsen1861-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KirBunsen1861_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen</cite>. Zweite Abhandlung. In: Johann Christian Poggendorff (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik und Chemie</a></cite>. 189 (Pogg. Ann. 113), <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>. Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1861, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>337–381</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18611890702">10.1002/andp.18611890702</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1861AnP...189..337K">1861AnP...189..337K</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k151986/f349.image">online bei Gallica</a>, Bibliothèque nationale de France).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Chemische+Analyse+durch+Spectralbeobachtungen&rft.au=Gustav+Kirchhoff%2C+Robert+Bunsen&rft.date=1861&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fandp.18611890702&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik+und+Chemie&rft.pages=337-381&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Johann+Ambrosius+Barth&rft.volume=189+%28Pogg.+Ann.+113%29" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Jakeš, A. J. R. White: <cite style="font-style:italic">KRb ratios of rocks from island arcs</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>34</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 1. August 1970, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>849–856</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037%2870%2990123-7">10.1016/0016-7037(70)90123-7</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=KRb+ratios+of+rocks+from+island+arcs&rft.au=P.+Jake%C5%A1%2C+A.+J.+R.+White&rft.date=1970-08-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0016-7037%2870%2990123-7&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.pages=849-856&rft.volume=34" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Jandová, P. Dvořák, J. Formánek, Hong N. Vu: <cite style="font-style:italic">Recovery of rubidium and potassium alums from lithium-bearing minerals</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Hydrometallurgy</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>119-120</span>, 1. Mai 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>73–76</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.02.010">10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.02.010</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+rubidium+and+potassium+alums+from+lithium-bearing+minerals&rft.au=J.+Jandov%C3%A1%2C+P.+Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k%2C+J.+Form%C3%A1nek%2C+...&rft.btitle=Hydrometallurgy&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.hydromet.2012.02.010&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=73-76&rft.volume=119-120" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David K. Teertstra, Petr Cerny, Frank C. Hawthorne, Julie Pier, Lu-Min Wang, Rodney C. Ewing: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rubicline, a new feldspar from San Piero in Campo, Elba, Italy</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">American Mineralogist</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>83</span>, 11–12 Part 1, Dezember 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1335–1339</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-11-1223">10.2138/am-1998-11-1223</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Rubicline%2C+a+new+feldspar+from+San+Piero+in+Campo%2C+Elba%2C+Italy&rft.au=David+K.+Teertstra%2C+Petr+Cerny%2C+Frank+C.+Hawthorne%2C+...&rft.date=1998-12&rft.doi=10.2138%2Fam-1998-11-1223&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=11-12+Part+1&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.pages=1335-1339&rft.volume=83" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">David Barthelmy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webmineral.com/chem/Chem-Rb.shtml"><i>Mineral Species sorted by the element Rb (Rubidium).</i></a> In: <i>webmineral.com.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 27. November 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARubidium&rft.title=Mineral+Species+sorted+by+the+element+Rb+%28Rubidium%29&rft.description=Mineral+Species+sorted+by+the+element+Rb+%28Rubidium%29&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwebmineral.com%2Fchem%2FChem-Rb.shtml&rft.creator=David+Barthelmy&rft.language=en"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Malcolm Back, Cristian Biagioni, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau, Hans-Peter Boja und andere: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnmnc.units.it/files/IMA_Master_List_(2024-07).pdf"><i>The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Updated: July 2024.</i></a> (PDF; 3,6 MB) In: <i>cnmnc.units.it.</i> IMA/CNMNC, Marco Pasero, Juli 2024,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 13. August 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARubidium&rft.title=The+New+IMA+List+of+Minerals+%E2%80%93+A+Work+in+Progress+%E2%80%93+Updated%3A+July+2024&rft.description=The+New+IMA+List+of+Minerals+%E2%80%93+A+Work+in+Progress+%E2%80%93+Updated%3A+July+2024&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcnmnc.units.it%2Ffiles%2FIMA_Master_List_%282024-07%29.pdf&rft.creator=Malcolm+Back%2C+Cristian+Biagioni%2C+William+D.+Birch%2C+Michel+Blondieau%2C+Hans-Peter+Boja+und+andere&rft.publisher=IMA%2FCNMNC%2C+Marco+Pasero&rft.date=2024-07&rft.language=en"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brauer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brauer_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Georg Brauer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Freie Alkalimetalle</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie</cite>. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1954, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>724<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>ff</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Freie+Alkalimetalle&rft.au=Georg+Brauer&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+Pr%C3%A4parativen+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.date=1954&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=724ff&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Ferdinand+Enke+Verlag" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Eagleson: <i>Concise encyclopedia chemisry</i> Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3110114518" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-11-011451-8</a>, S. 958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R.J. Meyer, Erich Pietsch: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Gmelins_Handbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" class="mw-redirect" title="Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a></cite>. Hrsg.: Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft. 8. völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>24</span>. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Berlin 1937, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>114</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.au=R.J.+Meyer%2C+Erich+Pietsch&rft.btitle=Gmelins+Handbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.date=1937&rft.edition=8.+v%C3%B6llig+neu+bearbeitete&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=114&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Verlag+Chemie+GmbH&rft.volume=24" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BuKi1861-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BuKi1861_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik und Chemie</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>189</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 1861, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>337–381</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18611890702">10.1002/andp.18611890702</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1861AnP...189..337K">1861AnP...189..337K</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Chemische+Analyse+durch+Spectralbeobachtungen&rft.au=Gustav+Kirchhoff%2C+Robert+Bunsen&rft.date=1861&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fandp.18611890702&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik+und+Chemie&rft.pages=337-381&rft.volume=189" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Pasteels: <cite style="font-style:italic">A comparison of methods in geochronology</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Earth-Science Reviews</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, 1. Januar 1968, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5–38</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252%2868%2990145-1">10.1016/0012-8252(68)90145-1</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+methods+in+geochronology&rft.au=Paul+Pasteels&rft.btitle=Earth-Science+Reviews&rft.date=1968-01-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0012-8252%2868%2990145-1&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=5-38&rft.volume=4" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_24-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Camparo, James C., Travis U. Driskell, and A. F. S. Command. "The mercury-ion clock and the pulsed-laser rubidium clock: Near-term candidates for future GPS deployment." <i>Aerospace Report NO. TOR-2015-03893S</i> (2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yukio Yano: <cite style="font-style:italic">Essentials of a rubidium-82 generator for nuclear medicine</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>38</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 1. Januar 1987, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>205–211</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889%2887%2990089-X">10.1016/0883-2889(87)90089-X</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Essentials+of+a+rubidium-82+generator+for+nuclear+medicine&rft.au=Yukio+Yano&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0883-2889%2887%2990089-X&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Radiation+Applications+and+Instrumentation.+Part+A.+Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.pages=205-211&rft.volume=38" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U. Hilfrich, U. Weser: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rubidium hydroxide polyethylene glycol crown ether in the conservation of old master paintings*</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Archaeometry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>46</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, August 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>481–496</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00169.x">10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00169.x</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Rubidium+hydroxide+polyethylene+glycol+crown+ether+in+the+conservation+of+old+master+paintings%2A&rft.au=U.+Hilfrich%2C+U.+Weser&rft.date=2004-08&rft.doi=10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2004.00169.x&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Archaeometry&rft.pages=481-496&rft.volume=46" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellwig, Helmut, and A. E. Wainwright. "A portable rubidium clock for precision time transport." <i>Proceedings of the 7th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting</i>. 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Qingsong Ai, Kamil Maciuk, Paulina Lewinska, Lukasz Borowski: <cite style="font-style:italic">Characteristics of Onefold Clocks of GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and GLONASS Systems</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Sensors</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>21</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 30. März 2021, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2396</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072396">10.3390/s21072396</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808452?dopt=Abstract">PMID 33808452</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036797/">PMC 8036797</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Onefold+Clocks+of+GPS%2C+Galileo%2C+BeiDou+and+GLONASS+Systems&rft.au=Qingsong+Ai%2C+Kamil+Maciuk%2C+Paulina+Lewinska%2C+...&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fs21072396&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Sensors&rft.pages=2396&rft.pmc=8036797&rft.pmid=33808452&rft.volume=21" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernardo Jaduszliwer, James Camparo: <cite style="font-style:italic">Past, present and future of atomic clocks for GNSS</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">GPS Solutions</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>25</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 2021, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01059-x">10.1007/s10291-020-01059-x</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Past%2C+present+and+future+of+atomic+clocks+for+GNSS&rft.au=Bernardo+Jaduszliwer%2C+James+Camparo&rft.date=2021-01&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10291-020-01059-x&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=GPS+Solutions&rft.pages=27&rft.volume=25" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Ran Klein, Nagara Tamaki: <cite style="font-style:italic">Generator-produced rubidium-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging—From basic aspects to clinical applications</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Cardiology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>55</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, März 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>163–173</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.01.001">10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.01.001</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Generator-produced+rubidium-82+positron+emission+tomography+myocardial+perfusion+imaging%E2%80%94From+basic+aspects+to+clinical+applications&rft.au=Keiichiro+Yoshinaga%2C+Ran+Klein%2C+Nagara+Tamaki&rft.date=2010-03&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jjcc.2010.01.001&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cardiology&rft.pages=163-173&rft.volume=55" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koch, Ernst-Christian. "Special Materials in Pyrotechnics Part 2. Application of Caesium and Rubidium Compounds in Pyrotechnics." <i>Journal of Pyrotechnics</i> (2002): 9-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opg.optica.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=oe-20-8-8915&html=true"><i>Optica Publishing Group.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 5. Mai 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARubidium&rft.title=Optica+Publishing+Group&rft.description=Optica+Publishing+Group&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fopg.optica.org%2Foe%2Fviewmedia.cfm%3Furi%3Doe-20-8-8915%26html%3Dtrue"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Long Tian, Shujing Li, Haoxiang Yuan, Hai Wang: <cite style="font-style:italic">Generation of Narrow-Band Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs at a Rubidium D1 Line</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the Physical Society of Japan</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>85</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 15. Dezember 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>124403</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.85.124403">10.7566/JPSJ.85.124403</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Generation+of+Narrow-Band+Polarization-Entangled+Photon+Pairs+at+a+Rubidium+D1+Line&rft.au=Long+Tian%2C+Shujing+Li%2C+Haoxiang+Yuan%2C+...&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.doi=10.7566%2FJPSJ.85.124403&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Physical+Society+of+Japan&rft.pages=124403&rft.volume=85" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. K. Lam, B. C. Buchler: <cite style="font-style:italic">High efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature Communications</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1. Februar 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>174</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1175">10.1038/ncomms1175</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285952?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21285952</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3105315/">PMC 3105315</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=High+efficiency+coherent+optical+memory+with+warm+rubidium+vapour&rft.au=M.+Hosseini%2C+B.+M.+Sparkes%2C+G.+Campbell%2C+...&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fncomms1175&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.pages=174&rft.pmc=3105315&rft.pmid=21285952&rft.volume=2" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. M. Bijvoet, A. F. Peerdeman, A. J. van BOMMEL: <cite style="font-style:italic">Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Optically Active Compounds by Means of X-Rays</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>168</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4268</span>, August 1951, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>271–272</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/168271a0">10.1038/168271a0</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+Absolute+Configuration+of+Optically+Active+Compounds+by+Means+of+X-Rays&rft.au=J.+M.+Bijvoet%2C+A.+F.+Peerdeman%2C+A.+J.+van+BOMMEL&rft.date=1951-08&rft.doi=10.1038%2F168271a0&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4268&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=271-272&rft.volume=168" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">J. Heyrovský</a>, J. Kůta: <i>Grundlagen der Polarographie.</i> Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1965, S. 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDAC-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDAC_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Fresenius, G. Jander: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rubidium – Fällung als Rubidium-Natrium-Wismutnitrit mit Natrium-Wismutnitrit</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Handbuch der analytischen Chemie, Zweiter Teil: Qualitative Nachweisverfahren, Band 1a: Elemente der ersten Hauptgruppe (einschl. Ammonium)</cite>. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1944, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>155–156</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Rubidium+-+F%C3%A4llung+als+Rubidium-Natrium-Wismutnitrit+mit+Natrium-Wismutnitrit&rft.au=R.+Fresenius%2C+G.+Jander&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+analytischen+Chemie%2C+Zweiter+Teil%3A+Qualitative+Nachweisverfahren%2C+Band+1a%3A+Elemente+der+ersten+Hauptgruppe+%28einschl.+Ammonium%29&rft.date=1944&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=155-156&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manfred Anke, Ljubomir Angelow, Ralf Müller, Sabine Anke: <cite style="font-style:italic">Recent progress in exploring the essentiality of the ultratrace element rubidium to the nutrition of animals and man</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biomedical Research on Trace Elements</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>16</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>203–207</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11299/brte.16.203">10.11299/brte.16.203</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Recent+progress+in+exploring+the+essentiality+of+the+ultratrace+element+rubidium+to+the+nutrition+of+animals+and+man&rft.au=Manfred+Anke%2C+Ljubomir+Angelow%2C+Ralf+M%C3%BCller%2C+...&rft.date=2005&rft.doi=10.11299%2Fbrte.16.203&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+Research+on+Trace+Elements&rft.pages=203-207&rft.volume=16" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrea Illy, Rinantonio Viani: <i>Espresso Coffee: The Science of Quality.</i> Elsevier Academic Press, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0123703719" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-12-370371-9</a>, S. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Krachler, G. H. Wirnsberger: <i>Long-term changes of plasma trace element concentrations in chronic hemodialysis patients.</i> In: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_Purif.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blood Purif. (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Blood Purif.</a></i> 18(2), 2000, S. 138–143, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10838473?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10838473</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald R. Fieve, Herbert Meltzer, David L. Dunner, Morton Levitt, Julien Mendlewicz, Ann Thomas: <cite style="font-style:italic">Rubidium: Biochemical, Behavioral, and Metabolic Studies in Humans</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">American Journal of Psychiatry</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>130</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 1973, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>55–61</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.130.1.55">10.1176/ajp.130.1.55</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Rubidium%3A+Biochemical%2C+Behavioral%2C+and+Metabolic+Studies+in+Humans&rft.au=Ronald+R.+Fieve%2C+Herbert+Meltzer%2C+David+L.+Dunner%2C+...&rft.date=1973-01&rft.doi=10.1176%2Fajp.130.1.55&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.pages=55-61&rft.volume=130" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C Paschalis, F A Jenner, C R Lee: <cite style="font-style:italic">Effects of Rubidium Chloride on the Course of Manic-Depressive Illness</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>71</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, Mai 1978, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>343–352</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/014107687807100507">10.1177/014107687807100507</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/349155?dopt=Abstract">PMID 349155</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1436619/">PMC 1436619</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Rubidium+Chloride+on+the+Course+of+Manic-Depressive+Illness&rft.au=C+Paschalis%2C+F+A+Jenner%2C+C+R+Lee&rft.date=1978-05&rft.doi=10.1177%2F014107687807100507&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=343-352&rft.pmc=1436619&rft.pmid=349155&rft.volume=71" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. L. Meltzer, R. M. Taylor, S. R. Platman, R. R. Fieve: <i>Rubidium: A potential modifier of effect and behaviour.</i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>.</i> 223, 1969, S. 321–322, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4978331?dopt=Abstract">PMID 4978331</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Canavese, E. DeCostanzi, L. Branciforte u. a.: <i>Rubidium deficiency in dialysis patients.</i> In: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=J_Nephrol.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J Nephrol. (Seite nicht vorhanden)">J Nephrol.</a></i> 14(3), 2001, S. 169–175, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11439740?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11439740</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Garland T. Johnson, Trent R. Lewis, William D. Wagner: <cite style="font-style:italic">Acute toxicity of cesium and rubidium compounds</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>32</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, 1. Mai 1975, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>239–245</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X%2875%2990216-1">10.1016/0041-008X(75)90216-1</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rubidium&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+cesium+and+rubidium+compounds&rft.au=Garland+T.+Johnson%2C+Trent+R.+Lewis%2C+William+D.+Wagner&rft.date=1975-05-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0041-008X%2875%2990216-1&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.pages=239-245&rft.volume=32" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Rubidium" class="extiw" title="wikt:Rubidium">Wiktionary: Rubidium</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rubidium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Rubidium</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r254536907">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a> </td> <td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a> </td> <td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4178576-9">4178576-9</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4178576-9">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=4178576-9">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4178576-9">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115684">sh85115684</a></span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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