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id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Latex">Latex</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p><b>LaTeX</b> est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_informatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage informatique">langage</a> et un système de composition de documents. Il peut servir a écrire des textes pour écrire des livres. Il s'agit d'une collection de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macro-d%C3%A9finition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macro-définition">macrocommandes</a> destinée à faciliter l'utilisation du « processeur de texte » <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX">TeX</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Knuth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete icon informatique" style="color: #000000;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r188801372">.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")}</style> <div> LaTeX </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg&lang=fr&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image LaTeX project logo bird.svg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg/langfr-120px-LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg/langfr-180px-LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg/langfr-240px-LaTeX_project_logo_bird.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="120"></a></span> </div> <div class="hr" style="height:2px;"></div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Auctex.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Auctex.png." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Auctex.png/220px-Auctex.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Auctex.png/330px-Auctex.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Auctex.png/440px-Auctex.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="773"></a></span> </div> <table> <caption style="color:#000000;"> Informations </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9veloppeur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Développeur">Développé par</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p178"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leslie_Lamport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P178" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Première version</th> <td><span class="wd_p571">Avant <time>1983</time><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-a1e2d7a1a6faf19599761eb03e48ef2a3e73a5f1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-a1e2d7a1a6faf19599761eb03e48ef2a3e73a5f1-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P571" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Version_d%27un_logiciel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Version d'un logiciel">Dernière version</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p348">June 2024 LaTeX release (<time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-06-01" data-sort-value="2024-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin 2024</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f3eec626304418df450301df290bd4e85c43a6fa_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-f3eec626304418df450301df290bd4e85c43a6fa-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P348" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_(informatique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dépôt (informatique)">Dépôt</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p1324"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://github.com/latex3/latex2e">github.com/latex3/latex2e</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P1324" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_programmation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de programmation">Écrit en</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p277"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX">TeX</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P277" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système d'exploitation">Système d'exploitation</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p306"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logiciel_multiplateforme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logiciel multiplateforme">Multiplateforme</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P306" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Type</th> <td><span class="wd_p31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logiciel_de_traitement_de_texte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logiciel de traitement de texte">Logiciel de traitement de texte</a><br> Paquet de macro TeX <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19595415" class="extiw" title="d:Q19595415"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><br> Logiciel de publication assistée par ordinateur <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29364197" class="extiw" title="d:Q29364197"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_balisage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de balisage">Langage de balisage</a><br> Outil de science ouverte <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52990223" class="extiw" title="d:Q52990223"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small><br> Format de fichier <small>(<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_format" class="extiw" title="en:File format"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P31" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licence_de_logiciel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licence de logiciel">Licence</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p275"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P275" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Documentation_logicielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Documentation logicielle">Documentation</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p2078"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latex-project.org/help/documentation/">www.latex-project.org/help/documentation</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P2078" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Site_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Site web">Site web</a></th> <td><span class="wd_p856"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latex-project.org/">www.latex-project.org</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style=""><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLaTeX%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLaTeX%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/LaTeX">voir Wikidata</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Infobox_Wikidata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Infobox Wikidata">(aide)</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Logiciel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <p>LaTeX permet de rédiger des documents dont la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mise_en_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mise en page">mise en page</a> est réalisée automatiquement en se conformant du mieux possible à des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norme">normes</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typographie">typographiques</a>. Une fonctionnalité distinctive de LaTeX est, son <i>mode mathématique</i>, qui permet de composer des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89quation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Équation">formules</a> complexes.</p> <p>LaTeX est particulièrement utilisé dans les domaines techniques et scientifiques pour la production de documents de taille moyenne (tels que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publication_scientifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publication scientifique">articles</a>) ou importante (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_(%C3%A9crit)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mémoire (écrit)">thèses</a> ou livres, par exemple). Néanmoins, il peut être employé pour générer des documents de types très variés (lettres ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparent_(projection)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparent (projection)">transparents</a>, par exemple). Enfin, de nombreux sites Internet — dont le texte est typiquement mis en forme par d’autres moyens — emploient un sous-ensemble de LaTeX pour composer notamment leurs formules mathématiques.</p> <p>Il a été développé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leslie_Lamport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a>, au début des années 1980<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Depuis 1989, il est maintenu par une équipe de bénévoles au sein du projet LaTeX3.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemple"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Exemple</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fonctionnement"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Fonctionnement</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Interfaces_de_saisie"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Interfaces de saisie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_langage"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Le langage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paquets"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Paquets</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Qualit%C3%A9s"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Qualités</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Communaut%C3%A9s"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Communautés</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Support_d%E2%80%99Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Support d’Unicode</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Logiciels"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Logiciels</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89diteurs_pour_LaTeX"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Éditeurs pour LaTeX</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distributions_TeX"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Distributions TeX</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biblioth%C3%A8ques"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliothèques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur_de_Polices"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Générateur de Polices</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_tant_que_module_d'impression"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">En tant que module d'impression</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9veloppement"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Développement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89tymologie,_prononciation_et_typographie"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Étymologie, prononciation et typographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distributions"><span class="tocnumber">11.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Distributions</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sites_officiels"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sites officiels</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Livres"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Livres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Introductions"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Introductions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9pannages_et_techniques_avanc%C3%A9es"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Dépannages et techniques avancées</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Entraide"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Entraide</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distributions_et_%C3%A9diteurs"><span class="tocnumber">11.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Distributions et éditeurs</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Exemple">Exemple</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Exemple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Les chiffres en bas de casse et en capitale." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png/220px-Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="247"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png/220px-Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png" data-alt="Les chiffres en bas de casse et en capitale." data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png/330px-Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Typo_chiffres_bas_de_casse_et_capitale.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Exemple de document composé avec LaTeX. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le code ci-dessous :</p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"> <pre><span></span><span class="k">\documentclass</span><span class="nb">{</span>minimal<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="na">[french]</span><span class="nb">{</span>babel<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span> En 1735, Leonhard Euler résout le <span class="k">\textbf</span><span class="nb">{</span>problème de Bâle<span class="nb">}</span> en établissant la formule suivante: <span class="sb">\[</span> <span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\sum</span><span class="nb">_{n</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb">}^{</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nv">\infty</span><span class="nb">} </span><span class="nv">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="nb">}{n^</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="nb">} </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb"> </span><span class="nv">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="nv">\pi</span><span class="nb">^</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="nb">}{</span><span class="m">6</span><span class="nb">}</span> <span class="nb"> </span><span class="s">\]</span> Cependant, il ne démontrera rigoureusement son résultat qu’en 1741. <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span> </pre> </div> <p>produit un document minimal contenant les deux phrases et la formule mathématique qui suivent :</p> <blockquote> <p>« <span class="nowrap">En 1735</span>, Leonhard Euler résout le <b>problème de Bâle</b> en établissant la formule suivante :</p> <center> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{+\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo> ∑ </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> n </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 1 </mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo> + </mo> <mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn> 1 </mn> <msup> <mi> n </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi> π </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn> 6 </mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{+\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f65d524c702dc5ff1d379446b61be4b9a145f226" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:13.35ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{+\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13.35ex;height: 7.176ex;vertical-align: -3.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f65d524c702dc5ff1d379446b61be4b9a145f226" data-alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{+\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </center> <p>Cependant, il ne démontrera rigoureusement son résultat qu’<span class="nowrap">en 1741</span>. »</p> </blockquote> <p>Les commandes débutent par le caractère <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barre_oblique_invers%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barre oblique inversée">barre oblique inversée</a> (« <code>\</code> »). Une commande peut avoir des paramètres. Ils sont facultatifs et à mettre entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crochet_(typographie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crochet (typographie)">crochets</a>. Les paramètres obligatoires doivent être encadrés par des accolades. Cependant, si le paramètre en question ne fait qu'un caractère de long ou s'il s'agit d'une autre commande, les accolades peuvent être omises.</p> <p>La commande <code>\documentclass</code> est la première de tout document LaTeX : elle définit l'apparence générale du document. Outre <code>minimal</code>, de nombreuses <i>classes</i> sont disponibles, telles que <code>article</code> (pour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publication_scientifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publication scientifique">articles</a>), <code>report</code> (pour des rapports plus longs), <code>book</code> (pour des livres entiers, voire des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctorat">thèses</a>), <code>letter</code> ou <code>lettre</code> (pour des lettres), <code>slides</code> (pour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparent_(projection)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparent (projection)">transparents à projeter</a>), <code>beamer</code> (pour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logiciel_de_pr%C3%A9sentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logiciel de présentation">présentations sur écran</a>).</p> <p>La commande <code>\usepackage</code> permet de charger un <i>paquet</i>, en l’occurrence le paquet <code>babel</code> avec l’option <code>french</code>, qui applique au document les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_typographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_France" title="Code typographique">règles de typographie spécifiques à la langue française</a> — par exemple, l’espace avant les deux-points.</p> <p>La paire de commandes <code>\begin{document}</code> et <code>\end{document}</code> encadre le contenu du document. Le texte est essentiellement écrit tel quel. La commande <code>\textbf</code> produit du texte gras. La paire de commandes <code>\[</code> et <code>\]</code> contient une formule mathématique.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fonctionnement">Fonctionnement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Fonctionnement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>LaTeX se présente sous la forme d’un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_balisage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de balisage">langage informatique de balisage</a>. On compose donc un document LaTeX en écrivant son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Code source">code source</a> au moyen d’un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89diteur_de_texte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditeur de texte">éditeur de texte</a>. Ce code source est ensuite traité par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compilation_(informatique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Compilation (informatique)">compilateur</a> de LaTeX pour produire le document mis en forme. Le résultat est fourni dans un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_description_de_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de description de page">format de description de page</a> propre à TeX, le format <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DVI_(TeX)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DVI (TeX)">DVI</a> (sigle de l’anglais <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">DeVice Independent</span></i>, signifiant « indépendant du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_informatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Périphérique informatique">périphérique</a> »). Ce format peut alors être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imprimante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imprimante">imprimé</a>, ou traduit dans l’un des formats <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PostScript?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PDF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>.</p> <p>De nombreux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_balisage_l%C3%A9ger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de balisage léger">langages de balisage léger</a> (tels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Txt2tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Txt2tags">txt2tags</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ReStructuredText?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ReStructuredText">reST</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plain_Old_Documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plain Old Documentation">POD</a>) peuvent s’exporter vers le langage LaTeX. Il est ainsi possible de rédiger ses documents dans l’un de ces langages, plus simples et plus lisibles que le langage LaTeX, pour le même rendu final. En contrepartie, les possibilités de mise en forme sont en général fortement restreintes.</p> <p>LaTeX réalise le principe de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_du_fond_et_de_la_forme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séparation du fond et de la forme">séparation du fond et de la forme</a>. Il encourage le rédacteur à se concentrer sur la structure logique et le contenu de son document, tandis que sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mise_en_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mise en page">mise en page</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foliotage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foliotage">pagination</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sure_(typographie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Césure (typographie)">césure</a> des mots, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alin%C3%A9a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alinéa">alinéas</a>, insertion d’en-têtes et de pieds-de-pages…) est laissée au compilateur.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Interfaces_de_saisie">Interfaces de saisie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Interfaces de saisie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Son mode de saisie — l’écriture d’un code source décrivant le document — distingue LaTeX des logiciels de type <abbr title="de l’anglais « What You See Is What You Get », soit en français « vous obtenez ce que vous voyez »"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WYSIWYG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a></abbr>, tels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LibreOffice_Writer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LibreOffice Writer">LibreOffice Writer</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft_Word?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>, où la forme est immédiatement visible à l'écran. Certains logiciels, comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LyX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LyX">LyX</a>, donnent cependant une interface de ce type à LaTeX. Dans ce cas, le logiciel affiche en temps réel un rendu approximatif qui souligne la structure du document, tandis que le compilateur LaTeX produit le document final en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A2che_de_fond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tâche de fond">tâche de fond</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_langage">Le langage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le langage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L’utilisateur peut adapter LaTeX à ses besoins spécifiques en créant ou modifiant des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macrocommande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocommande">macrocommandes</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Paquets">Paquets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Paquets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Pour complémenter les fonctions de LaTeX, l’utilisateur peut charger des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paquet_(logiciel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paquet (logiciel)">paquets</a> tiers. Ceux-ci, à l'instar des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_logicielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque logicielle">bibliothèques logicielles</a>, fournissent des commandes supplémentaires, qui vont de simples symboles jusqu’à des fonctionnalités complexes, pouvant impliquer une modification du processus de compilation du document.</p> <p>Voici quelques exemples de paquets parmi les plus communs :</p> <ul> <li><tt>babel</tt> prend en charge la langue du document, en adaptant la typographie et en fournissant des commandes spécifiques à chaque langue ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AMS-LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AMS-LaTeX"><tt>amsmath</tt></a>, développé par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Mathematical Society">Société américaine de mathématiques</a>, étend considérablement les possibilités d'édition de formules mathématiques ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TikZ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TikZ"><tt>tikz</tt></a> permet la création d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Image_vectorielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Image vectorielle">illustrations vectorielles</a>, telles que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repr%C3%A9sentation_graphique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Représentation graphique">graphiques</a> ;</li> <li><tt>graphicx</tt> est utilisé pour insérer des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Image_num%C3%A9rique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Image numérique">images</a> ;</li> <li><tt>listings</tt> permet l’affichage de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Code source">code source</a> avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coloration_syntaxique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coloration syntaxique">coloration syntaxique</a> ;</li> <li><tt>calc</tt> fournit un mécanisme de calcul.</li> </ul> <p>Il existe un très grand nombre de paquets TeX, que la communauté rassemble au sein du dépôt <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CTAN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CTAN">CTAN</a> (sigle de l’anglais <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</span></i>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Qualités"><span id="Qualit.C3.A9s"></span>Qualités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Qualités" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>LaTeX requiert un apprentissage initial plus important que celui qui est nécessaire pour les logiciels de type tel-tel (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/What_you_see_is_what_you_get?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="What you see is what you get">WYSIWYG</a>), du moins pour la mise en page de petits documents simples. En contrepartie, le système permet de composer une très grande variété de formules mathématiques, le document produit présente une grande qualité <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typographie">typographique</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_bibliographique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence bibliographique">références bibliographiques</a> sont aisées à insérer et à regrouper (grâce à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BibTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BibTeX">BibTeX</a>), les titres sont numérotés et les tables des matières générées automatiquement.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Communautés"><span id="Communaut.C3.A9s"></span>Communautés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Communautés" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>L'évolution de LaTeX — et plus généralement de TeX — est assurée par une communauté structurée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_d%27utilisateurs_de_TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe d'utilisateurs de TeX">groupes d'utilisateurs</a>.</p> <hr> <p>Il existe de nombreux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_d%27utilisateurs_de_TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe d'utilisateurs de TeX">groupes d'utilisateurs de TeX/LaTeX</a> dans le monde, qui sont généralement liés à des langues : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GUTenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GUTenberg">GUTenberg</a> (francophone), TUG (États-Unis, avec des sous-groupes dans de nombreux pays), DANTE (germanophone), CervanTeX (hispanophone), GUIT (italophone), NTG (néerlandophone)…</p> <p>Certains de ces groupes publient des journaux (les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cahiers_GUTenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cahiers GUTenberg">Cahiers GUTenberg</a></i>, la <i>Lettre GUTenberg</i>, <i>PracTeX</i>, <i>TUGboat</i>…), organisent des conférences, parfois de façon conjointe (<i>EuroTeX</i>…) et proposent de l'aide en ligne, comme <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://texnique.fr/">texnique.fr</a> dans le monde francophone.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-modere"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/38px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/50px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <b>Cette section <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></b><small> (novembre 2019)</small>.  <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> Pour l'améliorer, ajoutez <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Identifier_des_sources_fiables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Identifier des sources fiables">des références de qualité et vérifiables</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">comment faire ?</a>) ou le modèle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modèle:Référence nécessaire">{{Référence nécessaire}}</a> sur les passages nécessitant une source. </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Ces qualités, outre la gratuité du logiciel, en font l'outil de rédaction privilégié des mondes universitaire et scientifique dans certaines disciplines. C’est surtout vrai des sciences exactes, qui recourent abondamment aux formules mathématiques. Il est en effet courant en mathématiques, informatique ou physique que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9dition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison d’édition">éditeurs</a> proposent des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabarit_(mise_en_page)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabarit (mise en page)">gabarits</a> LaTeX, et déclarent préférer ce format à celui de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft_Word?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>. Certains n’acceptent les soumissions qu’en LaTeX. Dans le monde de la recherche, LaTeX est la norme pour la rédaction d'articles scientifiques, de thèses, d'exercices de mathématiques, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Dans le monde de l'entreprise, l'utilisation de LaTeX est minoritaire mais existante. Quand il faut gérer un grand volume de documentation complexe, la possibilité de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gestion_de_versions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gestion de versions">versionner</a> le code source des documents LaTeX avec des outils habituels — là où des logiciels tels que Microsoft Word produisent des fichiers binaires — constitue un avantage décisif. D'autres avantages reconnus incluent la mutualisation des bases de terminologie et de références bibliographiques, et enfin la haute productivité que permet LaTeX.</p> <hr> <p>LaTeX est souvent utilisé par des personnes devant produire un contenu parfois complexe (équations) ayant une mise en forme <i>standard</i>, c'est-à-dire ne nécessitant pas de mise en forme particulière.</p> <p>Pour cette raison, il est particulièrement utilisé par des étudiants, éditeurs, professeurs de mathématiques et de physique, scientifiques, principalement en informatique, en ingénierie, en mathématiques et en physique. Il est également utilisé par les musiciens.</p> <p>Il est également intégré dans d'autres logiciels :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SPIP_(Syst%C3%A8me_de_publication_pour_l%27Internet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SPIP (Système de publication pour l'Internet)">SPIP</a>, un logiciel de production collaborative de site internet multilingue.</li> <li>Sur certains <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forum_(informatique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forum (informatique)">forums</a>, notamment sur des forums de mathématiques et de physique. Il peut par exemple être intégré sur les forums <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PhpBB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PhpBB">phpBB</a>.</li> </ul> <p>LaTeX est capable de produire de nombreux types de document différents (par défaut ou bien en employant des extensions), notamment des articles, cours, livres, présentations, diagrammes, partitions de musique (<i>via</i> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LilyPond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LilyPond">LilyPond</a>), rapports, lettres, étiquettes, pochettes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disque_compact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disque compact">disque compact</a>, posters, cartes de visite.</p> <p>Toutefois, la rédaction d'un document à la mise en page particulière (comme un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journal">journal</a> ou un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magazine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magazine">magazine</a>) peut être plus facile à réaliser avec d'autres types de logiciel (voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publication_assist%C3%A9e_par_ordinateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publication assistée par ordinateur">publication assistée par ordinateur</a>).</p> <p>Certains logiciels de calcul génèrent des notes de calcul au format LaTeX.</p> <p>LaTeX est distribué sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LPPL</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette licence, bien que libre, est incompatible<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licence_publique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_GNU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licence publique générale GNU">GPL</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Support_d’Unicode"><span id="Support_d.E2.80.99Unicode"></span>Support d’Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Support d’Unicode" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>LaTeX a été créé lorsqu'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> n'existait pas encore. Pour cette raison, tout document texte LaTeX peut être écrit en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</a>, ce qui à une époque où Unicode n'existait pas encore, garantissait l'interopérabilité : les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diacritique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diacritique">diacritiques</a> sont indiqués par une commande, par exemple <code>\'e</code> pour « é ». Toutefois, avec les configurations modernes, il est possible de taper directement des caractères accentués dans le document source. Il faut pour cela utiliser le paquetage <code>inputenc</code> avec l'option <code>utf8</code> conjointement avec <code>fontenc</code> avec l'option <code>T1</code>.</p> <p>Cependant, le mode mathématique et certains environnements (en particulier les environnements de l'extension <code>listings</code>) ne gèrent pas encore l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. L'option <code>literate</code> du package <code>listings</code> permet désormais de corriger ce problème, sauf pour les morceaux de codes importés depuis des fichiers encodés en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</a> avec <code>\lstinputlisting</code>. Par exemple, en mode mathématique, l'instruction <code>\times</code> est un opérateur qui gère les espaces avant et après de la même manière que pour un caractère classique ; par contre, le caractère <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <code>×</code> qui lui correspond n'est pas considéré comme un opérateur.</p> <p>Par ailleurs, une limitation de LaTeX interdit l'utilisation de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Byte Order Mark">indicateur d'encodage</a> en début de fichier.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LuaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LuaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LuaTeX">LuaLaTeX</a> reconnaît <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> et utilise le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langage_de_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langage de script">langage de script</a> bas niveau <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lua">Lua</a>, ce qui offre des perspectives de développement et de pérennité. En contrepartie, le moteur très au point <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PdfTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PdfTeX">PdfTeX</a>, qui produit directement du format <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PDF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a> à partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX">TeX</a> ou LaTeX, n'est plus développé mais reste toujours distribué.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Logiciels">Logiciels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Logiciels" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Éditeurs_pour_LaTeX"><span id=".C3.89diteurs_pour_LaTeX"></span>Éditeurs pour LaTeX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Éditeurs pour LaTeX" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comparaison_des_diff%C3%A9rents_%C3%A9diteurs_LaTex&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comparaison des différents éditeurs LaTex (page inexistante)">Comparaison des différents éditeurs LaTex</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_TeX_editors" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of TeX editors"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Comparison of TeX editors »">(en)</span></a>. </div> </div> <p>Bien qu’il soit en principe possible d’éditer du code source LaTeX avec n’importe quel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89diteur_de_texte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditeur de texte">éditeur de texte</a>, de nombreux logiciels spécialisés ont été développés, ainsi que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plugin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plugin">modules</a> pour un grand nombre d’éditeurs généralistes.</p> <p>Parmi les logiciels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logiciel_multiplateforme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logiciel multiplateforme">multiplateformes</a>, on peut citer <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texmaker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texmaker">Texmaker</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeXworks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeXworks">TeXworks</a> et le module <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AUCTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AUCTeX">AUCTeX</a> pour l’éditeur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emacs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>. Les logiciels spécifiques à un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%E2%80%99exploitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Système d’exploitation">système d’exploitation</a> incluent :</p> <ul> <li>sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linux">GNU/Linux</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=GNOME_LaTeX&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="GNOME LaTeX (page inexistante)">GNOME LaTeX</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_LaTeX" class="extiw" title="en:GNOME LaTeX"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « GNOME LaTeX »">(en)</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setzer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Setzer">Setzer</a> et Kile ;</li> <li>sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacOS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacOS">macOS</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeXShop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeXShop">TeXShop</a> ;</li> <li>sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microsoft_Windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WinEdt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WinEdt">WinEdt</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WinShell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WinShell">WinShell</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeXnicCenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeXnicCenter">TeXnicCenter</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Application_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Application web">applications web</a> permettent également d’éditer du LaTeX, à l'exemple d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Overleaf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Overleaf">Overleaf</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Distributions_TeX">Distributions TeX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Distributions TeX" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Par ailleurs, indépendamment d’éditer du code source LaTeX, la traduction de ce code source pour obtenir le document final requiert un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compilateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compilateur">compilateur</a> LaTeX et un ensemble de paquets utiles. Fournir ces outils est le but des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Informatique" class="mw-disambig" title="Distribution">distributions</a> TeX</i>, dont les principales sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX_Live?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> (pour GNU/Linux et Windows), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacTeX">MacTeX</a> (dérivée de TeX Live pour macOS) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MiKTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MiKTeX">MiKTeX</a> (pour Windows)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliothèques"><span id="Biblioth.C3.A8ques"></span>Bibliothèques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliothèques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Voici quelques bibliothèques pour l’affichage des formules écrites en LaTeX :</p> <ul> <li>MimeTeX : est une bibliothèque gratuite écrite en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C_(langage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C (langage)">C</a> permettant d’interpréter les formules LaTeX et de convertir le résultat en image.</li> <li>JLaTeXMath : comme la précédente, mais celle-ci est écrite en langage Java, développée initialement pour le logiciel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scilab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scilab">Scilab</a>. La bibliothèque est publiée sous la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licence_publique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_GNU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licence publique générale GNU">licence publique générale GNU</a>.</li> <li>LaTeXML : un logiciel écrit en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perl_(langage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perl (langage)">Perl</a> permettant de convertir un document LaTeX en un fichier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extensible_Markup_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</a> qui peut ensuite être post-traité pour obtenir au choix du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hypertext_Markup_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</a> ou du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extensible_Hypertext_Markup_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language">XHTML</a>, avec les formules au choix comme des images, ou comme du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MathML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MathML">MathML</a>. Il permet de ne traiter qu'une seule formule (latexmlmath<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>). Il est domaine public (licence LaTeXML<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MathJax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MathJax">MathJax</a> : une bibliothèque en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JavaScript?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> permettant de formater des formules mathématiques du format TeX vers le format <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MathML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MathML">MathML</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SVG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SVG">SVG</a>. Publiée sous licence <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licence_Apache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licence Apache">Apache</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Générateur_de_Polices"><span id="G.C3.A9n.C3.A9rateur_de_Polices"></span>Générateur de Polices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Générateur de Polices" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Une des fonctionnalités puissante de TeX est sa capacité de travailler avec une très large variété de types de fontes typographiques. Cependant, la qualité typographique des documents exigée très tôt dans son histoire a impliqué <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Knuth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> pour le développement d'un générateur de polices de haute qualité basé sur une description mathématique des caractères : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metafont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metafont">Metafont</a>. Ce compilateur est intégré dans la plupart des distributions TeX et LaTeX.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_tant_que_module_d'impression"><span id="En_tant_que_module_d.27impression"></span>En tant que module d'impression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En tant que module d'impression" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Certains logiciels, comme Grisbi, utilisent LaTeX en tant que module portable d'impression. Cette approche a cependant le défaut d'être relativement lourde à la fois lors de l'installation et lors de l'utilisation. Lors de l'installation, il faut déterminer s'il est possible de choisir l'imprimante, et la prévisualisation. Lors de l'utilisation, la même problématique reste posée.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Développement"><span id="D.C3.A9veloppement"></span>Développement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Développement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>La première version largement utilisée, <span class="nowrap">LaTeX 2.09</span>, est sortie en 1985. Une révision majeure nommée LaTeX2ε est sortie en 1994. La prochaine version majeure, nommée LaTeX3, est en développement lent depuis le début des années 1990<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">Le moteur actuel (2014) de LaTeX est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PdfTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PdfTeX">PdfTeX</a> mais ses limites, notamment concernant le traitement des textes Unicode, ont entraîné l'adoption officielle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LuaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a> comme futur successeur. Lorsque le développement en sera stabilisé, LuaLaTeX sera probablement l'implémentation standard de LaTeX.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Étymologie,_prononciation_et_typographie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie.2C_prononciation_et_typographie"></span>Étymologie, prononciation et typographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie, prononciation et typographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>« LaTeX » est la contraction de <i>Lamport TeX</i>, du nom de son créateur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leslie_Lamport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> et du système TeX sur lequel il est basé. Le nom TeX lui vient du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec ancien">Grec ancien</a> : <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">τέχνη</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>tékhnê</i></span>, « art, habileté à faire quelque chose, moyen », et les lettres "T", "E" et "X" proviennent donc des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_grec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet grec">lettres capitales grecques</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tau">tau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epsilon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chi">khi</a>.</p> <p>Le nom se prononce donc comme <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="[l] « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="[a] « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_-?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API -"><span title="[-] indique le début ou la fin d'une prononciation alternative qui ne concerne qu'une partie de ce qui a été écrit avant.">-</span></a>]</span> suivi d’une des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89tymologie,_prononciation_et_typographie_du_nom" title="TeX">prononciations possibles de « TeX »</a>, soit <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="[l] « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="[a] « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%C9%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="[ɛ] « è » dans « mère ».">ɛ</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_x?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API x"><span title="[x] proche du « r » français. En espagnol, « j » dans « Juan ».">x</span></a>]</span> (ressemblant à « latèhr », ce qui correspond à la prononciation moderne de chi) ou <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="[l] « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="[a] « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%C9%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="[ɛ] « è » dans « mère ».">ɛ</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="[k] « c » dans « cabas ».">k</span></a>]</span> (« latèk »). Bien que la première prononciation soit privilégiée par le créateur de TeX<sup id="cite_ref-Knuth1984-chap1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Knuth1984-chap1-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, le créateur de LaTeX indique qu'il n’encourage ni ne décourage aucune prononciation<sup id="cite_ref-Lamport1986_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lamport1986-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (dont latex prononcé comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latex_(mat%C3%A9riau)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latex (matériau)">latex</a>, <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="[l] « l » dans « loup ».">l</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="[a] « a » dans « patte ».">a</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CE%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ε">ε</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="[k] « c » dans « cabas ».">k</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="[s] en français « s » dans « sa » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière (tel le basque : « s » dans « euskara »).">s</span></a>]</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreux locuteurs francophones et anglophones, ignorant le son <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_x?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API x"><span title="[x] proche du « r » français. En espagnol, « j » dans « Juan ».">x</span></a>]</span>, emploient la seconde prononciation.</p> <p>Le nom est parfois présent sous forme du logo typographique : <span style="font-family:serif;margin-right:-.7em">L<span style="font-size:0.9em;position:relative;top:-.1em;left:-0.4em;">A</span><span style="position:relative;left:-.5em;">T</span><span style="position:relative;top:.2em;left:-.6em;">E</span><span style="position:relative;left:-.7em;">X</span></span>, au lieu de LaTeX.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-a1e2d7a1a6faf19599761eb03e48ef2a3e73a5f1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-a1e2d7a1a6faf19599761eb03e48ef2a3e73a5f1_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lamport.azurewebsites.net/pubs/pubs.html%23latex"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Writings of Leslie Lamport — LaTeX: A Document Preparation System</span></cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-11-23" data-sort-value="2019-11-23">23 novembre 2019</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-f3eec626304418df450301df290bd4e85c43a6fa-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wikidata-f3eec626304418df450301df290bd4e85c43a6fa_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/</span></cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-06-29" data-sort-value="2024-06-29">29 juin 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Leslie Lamport, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/pubs.html%23latex">« <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">LaTeX: A Document Preparation System</span></i> »</a>, page de Leslie Lamport.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bib.umontreal.ca/evaluer-analyser-rediger/rediger-latex"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Rédiger avec LaTeX</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Bibliothèques - Université de Montréal</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-15" data-sort-value="2024-11-15">15 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">« <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The LaTeX Project Public License</span></i> »</a> (texte de la licence LPPL), 4 mai 2008.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.fr.html">« Licences commentées »</a> (liste de licences et évaluation de leur compatibilité avec la GNU GPL), site du projet GNU.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2013">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gutenberg.eu.org/Les-distributions"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les distributions</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GUTenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GUTenberg">gutenberg.org.eu</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-03-25" data-sort-value="2013-03-25">25 mars 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-11-27" data-sort-value="2019-11-27">27 novembre 2019</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dlmf.nist.gov/LaTeXML/manual/usage/usage.latexmlmath.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">2.5 Individual Formula‣ Chapter 2 Using LaTeXML ‣ LaTeXML The Manual</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">dlmf.nist.gov</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-10" data-sort-value="2023-04-10">10 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dlmf.nist.gov/LaTeXML/notices.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">License & Notices</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">dlmf.nist.gov</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-10" data-sort-value="2023-04-10">10 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.xent.com/FoRK-archive/feb98/0307.html">« <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">A Brief History of LaTeX.</span></i> »</a>, 20 février 1998.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Knuth1984-chap1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Knuth1984-chap1_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Knuth1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donald_E._Knuth1984"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Knuth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. <span class="nom_auteur">Knuth</span></a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The TeXbook</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addison-Wesley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Addison-Wesley">Addison-Wesley</a>, <time>1984</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-201-13448-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-201-13448-9"><span class="nowrap">0-201-13448-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/abcde.html">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 1<span class="lang-en" lang="en"> (« <span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Name of the Game</span> »)</span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 1<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+TeXbook&rft.atitle=The+Name+of+the+Game&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft.date=1984&rft.pages=1&rft.isbn=0-201-13448-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lamport1986-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lamport1986_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lamport1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leslie_Lamport1986"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leslie_Lamport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie <span class="nom_auteur">Lamport</span></a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">LATEX : a document preparation system</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Addison-Wesley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Addison-Wesley">Addison-Wesley</a>, <time>1986</time>, 242 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-201-15790-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-201-15790-X"><span class="nowrap">0-201-15790-X</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/12550262">12550262</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/latex00lesl">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LATEX&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.stitle=a+document+preparation+system&rft.aulast=Lamport&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=1986&rft.tpages=242&rft.isbn=0-201-15790-X&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12550262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LaTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lamport,_Leslie.1994"><span class="nom_auteur">Lamport, Leslie.</span>, <cite class="italique">LATEX : a document preparation system : user's guide and reference manual</cite>, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/621831872">621831872</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://worldcat.org/oclc/621831872">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, p.5<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LATEX+%3A+a+document+preparation+system+%3A+user%27s+guide+and+reference+manual&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Pub.+Co&rft.aulast=Lamport%2C+Leslie.&rft.date=1994&rft.pages=p.5&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F621831872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/LaTeX?uselang%3Dfr">LaTeX</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="wikt:LaTeX">LaTeX</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> <li class="wikibooks"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmation_LaTeX" class="extiw" title="b:Programmation LaTeX">Programmation LaTeX</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikibooks</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Classée par ordre chronologique puis par ordre alphabétique d'auteur.</p> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Leslie Lamport, <i>LaTeX: A Document Preparation System</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 288 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-201-52983-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-201-52983-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-201-52983-8</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, Frank Mittelbach, <i>The LaTeX Graphics Companion: Illustrating Documents with TeX and Postscript</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1997, 608 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-201-85469-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-201-85469-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-201-85469-5</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Paul Manneville, <i>Débuter en TeX et LaTeX</i>, Ellipses Marketing, 1997, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7298-5709-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7298-5709-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7298-5709-7</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Bernard Desgraupes, <i>LaTeX apprentissage, guide et référence</i>, Vuibert, 2003, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 762 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7117-4809-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7117-4809-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7117-4809-9</span></a>)</small> ; <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1999</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, Eitan M. Gurari, Ross Moore et Robert S. Sutor, <i>The LaTeX Web Companion: Integrating TeX, HTML, and XML</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1999, 560 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-201-43311-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-201-43311-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-201-43311-1</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Christian Rolland, <i>LaTeX par la pratique</i>, O'Reilly France, 1999, 580 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84177-073-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84177-073-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84177-073-1</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Frank Mittelbach et Michel Goossens, <i>LaTeX Companion</i>, Pearson Education France, 2006, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1008 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7440-7182-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7440-7182-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7440-7182-9</span></a>)</small> ; <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2000</li> <li>Dominique Rodriguez, <i>L'essentiel de LaTeX et GNU-Emacs manuel de réalisation de documents scientifiques</i>, Dunod, 2000, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-10-004814-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-10-004814-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-10-004814-4</span></a>)</small></li> <li>David Carella, <i>Règles typographiques et normes mise en pratique avec LaTeX</i>, Vuibert, 2006, 128 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7117-4851-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7117-4851-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7117-4851-8</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Walter Appel, Céline Chevalier, Emmanuel Cornet, Sébastien Desreux, Jean-Julien Fleck et Paul Pichaureau, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.h-k.fr/liens/tp/latex_pour_l_impatient.html"><i>LaTeX pour l'impatient</i></a>, H&K, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-10" data-sort-value="2009-10">octobre 2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 176 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> , <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35141-042-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35141-042-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35141-042-4</span></a>)</small> ; <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2005</li> <li>Denis Bitouzé, Jean-Côme Charpentier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://latex-pearson.org"><i>LaTeX synthèse de cours et exercices corrigés</i></a>, Pearson Education France, nouvelle édition 2008 ; 2006, 304 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7440-7187-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7440-7187-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7440-7187-4</span></a>)</small></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Lozano2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vincent_Lozano2008">Vincent <span class="nom_auteur">Lozano</span>, <cite class="italique">Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir sur LaTeX sans jamais oser le demander : Ou comment utiliser LaTeX quand on n’y connaît goutte</cite>, Cergy-Pontoise, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Framasoft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Framasoft">Framasoft</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Framabook » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 5), <time>2008</time>, 339 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35209-149-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35209-149-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-35209-149-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://framabook.org/5-tout-ce-que-vous-avez-toujours-voulu-savoir-sur-latex-sans-jamais-oser-le-demander/">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tout+ce+que+vous+avez+toujours+voulu+savoir+sur+LaTeX+sans+jamais+oser+le+demander&rft.place=Cergy-Pontoise&rft.pub=Framasoft&rft.stitle=Ou+comment+utiliser+LaTeX+quand+on+n%E2%80%99y+conna%C3%AEt+goutte&rft.aulast=Lozano&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=339&rft.isbn=978-2-35209-149-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licence_Art_Libre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licence Art Libre">Licence Art Libre</a></li> <li>Denis Bitouzé, Jean-Côme Charpentier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://latex-pearson.org"><i>LaTeX l'essentiel</i></a>, Pearson Education France, 2010, <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 384 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7440-7451-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7440-7451-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7440-7451-6</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Maïeul Rouquette, Brendan Chabannes, Enimie Rouquette, <i>(Xe)LaTeX appliqué aux sciences humaines</i>, Atramenta, 2012, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>  270, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-952-273-073-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-952-273-073-2"><span class="nowrap">978-952-273-073-2</span></a>)</small>, publié sous licence <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Creative_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> France 3.0, Partage à l'Identique, Paternité.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Poulain2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicolas_Poulain2020">Nicolas Poulain, <cite class="italique">LaTeX pour les enseignants</cite>, Paris, Ellipses, <time>2020</time>, IX-226 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-3400-3671-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-3400-3671-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-3400-3671-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LaTeX+pour+les+enseignants&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Ellipses&rft.aulast=Poulain&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.date=2020&rft.tpages=IX-226&rft.isbn=978-2-3400-3671-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Aubry2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christophe_Aubry2021">Christophe Aubry, <cite class="italique">LaTeX : concevez des documents élaborés et structurés</cite>, Saint-Herblain, Editions ENI, <time>2021</time>, 596 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-409-02984-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-409-02984-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-409-02984-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LaTeX&rft.place=Saint-Herblain&rft.pub=Editions+ENI&rft.stitle=concevez+des+documents+%C3%A9labor%C3%A9s+et+structur%C3%A9s&rft.aulast=Aubry&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft.date=2021&rft.tpages=596&rft.isbn=978-2-409-02984-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Taillet2022"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Taillet2022">Richard Taillet, <cite class="italique">Bien débuter en LaTeX</cite>, Louvain-la-Neuve, De Boeck supérieur, <time>2022</time>, 248 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8073-3989-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8073-3989-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8073-3989-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bien+d%C3%A9buter+en+LaTeX&rft.place=Louvain-la-Neuve&rft.pub=De+Boeck+sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.aulast=Taillet&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2022&rft.tpages=248&rft.isbn=978-2-8073-3989-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beamer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beamer">Beamer</a>, pour la création de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diaporama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diaporama">diaporamas</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9paration_du_fond_et_de_la_forme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séparation du fond et de la forme">Séparation du fond et de la forme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Formules_TeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Formules TeX">Page d'aide de Wikipédia sur les formules (La)TeX</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Distributions">Distributions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Distributions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX_Live?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> distribution pour GNU/Linux</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacTeX">MacTeX</a> distribution basé sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TeX_Live?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacOS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacOS">MacOS</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MiKTeX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MiKTeX">MiKTeX</a> distribution pour Windows</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viaf.org/viaf/181932361">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92088870">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4192618-3">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gutenberg-asso.fr">Site de l'association GUTenberg <i>(Groupe francophone des utilisateurs de TeX)</i></a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ctan.org/">Dépôt de paquetages et de documentations LaTeX</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Livres">Livres</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Livres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> 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title="ল্যাটেক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ল্যাটেক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE" title="لاتخ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595" title="लाटेक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाटेक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ലാടെക്ക് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാടെക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%25B9%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="لاٹیک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاٹیک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_(typs%25C3%25A4ttningssystem)" title="Latex (typsättningssystem) – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latex (typsättningssystem)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B9%258C" title="ลาเทกซ์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลาเทกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex" title="Latex – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Latex" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%25B9%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9" title="لاٹیک – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاٹیک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex" title="Latex – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Latex" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2598%25AD%25E6%25B0%258F%25E8%2581%259A%25E7%258F%258D" title="蘭氏聚珍 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蘭氏聚珍" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="LaTeX" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 novembre 2024 à 17:40.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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