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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去詞源細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-「國」" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#「國」"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>「國」</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-「國」-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-史前" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>史前</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民族同埋民系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民族同埋民系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>民族同埋民系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民族同埋民系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-有關嘅書" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有關嘅書"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>有關嘅書</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有關嘅書-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有77種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9)" title="الصين (منطقة) – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصين (منطقة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%A2_(%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90)" title="ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ) – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 艾馬拉文" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾馬拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97n%C4%97j%C4%97_(%C5%A1al%C4%97s)" title="Kėnėjė (šalės) – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnėjė (šalės)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC" title="ཀྲུང་གོ – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀྲུང་གོ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k_(d%C3%AA-k%E1%B9%B3%CC%86)" title="Dṳ̆ng-guók (dê-kṳ̆) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-guók (dê-kṳ̆)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_(%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85)" title="چین (ھەرێم) – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین (ھەرێم)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieina" title="Tsieina – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%82" title="རྒྱ་ནག – 宗卡文" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་ནག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(region)" title="China (region) – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="China (region)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inio_(regiono)" title="Ĉinio (regiono) – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinio (regiono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="China (región) – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="China (región)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_(maa)" title="Hiina (maa) – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina (maa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinaren_izenak" title="Txinaren izenak – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinaren izenak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ملت چین – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملت چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C2%B7ina" title="Ch·ina – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ch·ina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tS%C3%ADn" title="An tSín – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACona_(roinn_chultarach)" title="Sìona (roinn chultarach) – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sìona (roinn chultarach)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="China (rexión) – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="China (rexión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heen" title="Yn Çheen – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet_(thi-kh%C3%AE)" title="Chûng-koet (thi-khî) – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-koet (thi-khî)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="סין (אזור) – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סין (אזור)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok_(istilah)" title="Tiongkok (istilah) – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiongkok (istilah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna_(menningarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Kína (menningarsvæði) – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kína (menningarsvæði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaina" title="Chaina – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಚೀನಾ – 坎那達文" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="坎那達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Къытай (тарих регион) – 卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къытай (тарих регион)" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉柴-包爾卡爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 科隆文" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinae_(regio)" title="Sinae (regio) – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sinae (regio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinija_(regionas)" title="Kinija (regionas) – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinija (regionas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna_(re%C4%A3ions)" title="Ķīna (reģions) – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīna (reģions)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(kawasan)" title="China (kawasan) – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="China (kawasan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina-regionen" title="Kina-regionen – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kina-regionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina_(kulturomr%C3%A5de)" title="Kina (kulturområde) – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kina (kulturområde)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinne" title="Chinne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chinne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kine" title="Kine – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – 巴利文" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiny_(region)" title="Chiny (region) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chiny (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa" title="Chunwa – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="चीनः (क्षेत्रम्) – 梵文" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनः (क्षेत्रम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenae_(region)" title="Cheenae (region) – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenae (region)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna_(civiliz%C3%A1cia)" title="Čína (civilizácia) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čína (civilizácia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajska" title="Kitajska – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Кина (регион) – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кина (регион)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok_(istilah)" title="Tiongkok (istilah) – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tiongkok (istilah)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina_(region)" title="Kina (region) – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kina (region)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்) – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina_(kainkain_mining)" title="Saina (kainkain mining) – 托比辛文" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saina (kainkain mining)" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托比辛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_(b%C3%B6lge)" title="Çin (bölge) – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin (bölge)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="خىتاي – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خىتاي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c_(khu_v%E1%BB%B1c)" title="Trung Quốc (khu vực) – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Quốc (khu vực)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Ṣáínà – 約魯巴文" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="約魯巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghgoz_(digih)" title="Cunghgoz (digih) – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghgoz (digih)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok_(i%C5%8Dng-g%C3%AD)" title="Tiong-kok (iōng-gí) – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok (iōng-gí)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29520#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&oldid=2173240" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&id=2173240&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_/_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29520" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地理座標系統">座標</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121067">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&params=35_55_0_N_103_40_0_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°55′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°40′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.91667°N 103.66667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.91667; 103.66667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121067">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&params=35_55_0_N_103_40_0_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°55′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">103°40′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.91667°N 103.66667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.91667; 103.66667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2009783">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">呢篇文<b>冇<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">引</a>任何嘅<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">出處</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"> 請幫手<a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit">改</a>好呢篇文，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B1%82%E8%AD%89%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:求證得到">加返出處同埋寫低根據</a>。冇根據或冇出處嘅嘢可能隨時受到質疑；經唔起質疑就會畀人<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B1%82%E8%AD%89%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:求證得到">剷走</a>。</span> <span class="date-container">(<span class="date">2014-1-12</span>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2009783"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>呢篇文可能要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:清理">清理或者重寫</a>，令佢更符合維基百科嘅<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:格式與指南目錄">質素標準</a>。</b><br /><small>如果你有能力又咁啱得閒，可以<a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit">改善吓呢篇文</a>。</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>  呢篇文章講嘅係經過幾千年中國歷史、地理、政治、經濟，文化各方面。想搵「中國」其他意思，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A)" class="mw-disambig" title="中國 (搞清楚)">中國 (搞清楚)</a></b>」。想搵「中華」含義，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF_(%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A)" class="mw-disambig" title="中華 (搞清楚)">中華 (搞清楚)</a></b>」。想搵自1949年建立政權，現今實際控制<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>嘅政權，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a></b>」。想搵自1912年成立，目前實際控制<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣地區">台灣、澎湖、金門、馬祖</a>嘅政權，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></b>」。</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>  「中土」跳轉到呢度。想搵中土嘅第個意思，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a></b>」。</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>中國</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinaimg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/220px-Chinaimg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/330px-Chinaimg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/440px-Chinaimg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%97" title="傳統字">繁體字</a></th><td style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-Hant" title="中文文字">中國</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="簡化字">簡化字</a></th><td style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><span lang="zh-Hans" title="中文文字">中国</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">標音</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話">官話</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中文拼音">中文拼音</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Zhōngguó </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通用拼音 (無呢版)">通用拼音</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Jhong<sup>1</sup>guo<sup>2</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Chung<sup>1</sup>kuo<sup>2</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin (無呢版)">[ʈʂʊ́ŋkwǒ]</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Jong gwo </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國語注音符號第二式 (無呢版)">注音第二式</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Jung<sup>1</sup>guo<sup>2</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;">ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˊ</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話">第啲官話</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%92%E7%B6%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小兒經 (無呢版)">小兒經</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><div style="float: right;"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl"> ﺟْﻮ ﻗُﻮَع </span>‎</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="閩語">閩語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Tiong-kok </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩東語">閩東語</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平話字 (無呢版)">平話字</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> <span class="unicode haudio" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="fn"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cdo_D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k.ogg" title="個快撈"><img alt="個快撈" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Cdo_D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k.ogg" class="internal" title="Cdo Dṳ̆ng-guók.ogg">Dṳ̆ng-guók</a></span> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E6%89%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:媒體幫手 (無呢版)"><span style="cursor:help;">幫手</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/File:Cdo_D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k.ogg" title="File:Cdo Dṳ̆ng-guók.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">有關</span></a>)</small></span> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="吳語">吳語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="吳語">拉丁化</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Tson<sup>平</sup>kueh<sup>入</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="湘語">湘語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="湘語">國際音標</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span title="以IPA表示發音" class="IPA"> [tan<sup>55</sup>kua<sup>13</sup>] </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="粵拼">粵拼</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Zung<sup>1</sup>gwok<sup>3</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#粵語耶魯拼音" class="mw-redirect" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Jūnggwok </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="贛語白話字">贛語白話字</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Tung-koe̍t </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話">客家話</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家話拼音方案 (無呢版)">客家話拼音</a></th><td style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Dung<sup>24</sup>Gued<sup>2</sup> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/China_map.png/250px-China_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/China_map.png/375px-China_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/China_map.png/500px-China_map.png 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="中華人民共和國"><img alt="中華人民共和國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>（紫色）同<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>（橙色）目前管轄區域，中華人民共和國（政府）目前實際統治<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸地區">大陸地區</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="港澳地區">港澳地區</a>，中華民國（政府）目前實際統治<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣地區">臺灣地區</a>，島嶼標記係方便區分並非實際大細。</figcaption></figure> <div id="Container" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align: left; padding:0.5em 0 0 0; border-style:solid; float:right;clear:right; padding:0 0.5em; margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em; overflow: hidden;"><div id="Title" style="background-color:LemonChiffon; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2em; text-align:center; margin:0.6em 0 1.2em 0">大中華史</div><div id="Contains-Timeline-Scale-Notes"><div id="Scale" style="width:3.1em; position:relative; top:-0.82em; float:left; height:1500px; padding:0px"><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1492.9245283019px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1475.2358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1457.5471698113px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1439.858490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1422.1698113208px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1404.4811320755px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1386.7924528302px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1369.1037735849px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1351.4150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1333.7264150943px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1316.0377358491px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1298.3490566038px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1280.6603773585px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1262.9716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1245.2830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1227.5943396226px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1209.9056603774px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1192.2169811321px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1174.5283018868px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1156.8396226415px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1139.1509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1121.4622641509px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1103.7735849057px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1086.0849056604px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1068.3962264151px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1050.7075471698px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1033.0188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1015.3301886792px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:997.64150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:979.95283018868px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:962.2641509434px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:944.57547169811px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:926.88679245283px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:909.19811320755px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:891.50943396226px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:873.82075471698px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:856.1320754717px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:838.44339622642px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:820.75471698113px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:803.06603773585px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:785.37735849057px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:767.68867924528px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:750px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:732.31132075472px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:714.62264150943px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">0 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:696.93396226415px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:679.24528301887px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:661.55660377358px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:643.8679245283px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:626.17924528302px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:608.49056603774px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:590.80188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:573.11320754717px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:555.42452830189px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:537.7358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:520.04716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:502.35849056604px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:484.66981132075px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:466.98113207547px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:449.29245283019px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:431.60377358491px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:413.91509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:396.22641509434px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:378.53773584906px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:360.84905660377px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:343.16037735849px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:325.47169811321px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:307.78301886792px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:290.09433962264px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:272.40566037736px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:254.71698113208px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:237.02830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:219.33962264151px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:201.65094339623px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:183.96226415094px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:166.27358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:148.58490566038px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:130.89622641509px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:113.20754716981px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:95.518867924528px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:77.830188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:60.141509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:42.452830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:24.764150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:7.0754716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">2000 —</span></div></div><div id="ScaleBar" style="width:1px; float:left; height:1500px; padding:0; background-color:#242020"></div><div id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="font-size:100%; width:100%; height:1500px; padding:0px; float:left; width:17em; border:none; background-color:#bbeebb;"><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:792.80660377358px; height:707.19339622642px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-353.59669811321px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:636.79245283019px; height:154.0141509434px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-78.007075471698px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%BC%A2" title="秦漢">秦漢</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:506.25px; height:130.54245283019px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-65.271226415094px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="魏晉南北朝">魏晉南北朝</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:368.27830188679px; height:135.97169811321px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-68.985849056604px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90" title="隋唐">隋唐</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:64.033018867925px; height:304.24528301887px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-152.12264150943px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8B%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宋元明清 (無呢版)">宋元明清</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0px; height:62.033018867925px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-32.016509433962px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="中國近代史">近代</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Pink; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:620.87264150943px; height:0.70754716981132px; margin-left:10.625em; width:3.4em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.35377358490566px;"></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; 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top:-0.86em; left:-8.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0_(%E7%8E%8B%E8%8E%BD)" title="新 (王莽)">新朝</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:706.4858490566px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%8E%84" title="劉玄">玄漢</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:470.51886792453px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-8.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8" title="武周">武周</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:230.66037735849px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-5.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-5.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:142.92452830189px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%87%91" title="後金">後金</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:59.787735849057px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-5.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-5.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" title="太平天國">太平天國</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:385.61320754717px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:White; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;">五代<div style="color: DarkSlateGray;font-size: x-small; line-height: 0.8rem"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81" title="後梁">梁</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%94%90" title="後唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%89" title="後晉">晉</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2" title="後漢">漢</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%91%A8" title="後周">周</a></div></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:792.80660377358px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E6%BB%85%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦滅六國 (無呢版)">秦滅六國</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:139.03301886792px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-9.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-9.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%AB%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明末民變 (無呢版)">明末民變</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:541.27358490566px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.25em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.25em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; 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margin-top:1082.9009433962px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%A3%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="三監之亂">三監之亂</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:611.67452830189px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-4.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-4.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; 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margin-top:19.103773584906px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><div style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 0.8rem"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a></div></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:42.806603773585px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-10.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-10.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="義和團">義和拳之亂</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:219.69339622642px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%96%E9%9B%A3%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="靖難之變">靖難之變</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; 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text-align:center; margin-top:447.52358490566px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B2%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="安史之亂">安史之亂</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:857.19339622642px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-5.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-5.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%86%E6%99%89" title="三家分晉">三家分晉</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:64.033018867925px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次鴉片戰爭">第一次鴉片戰爭</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:164.50471698113px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%89%E9%9D%96%E5%80%AD%E4%BA%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘉靖倭亂 (無呢版)">嘉靖倭亂</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:202.00471698113px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="土木堡之變">土木堡之變</a></span></div></div></div></div><div id="Legend" class="toccolours" style="margin-left:3.1em; border-style:none; float:left; clear:both;"></div><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em; float:left; padding:0 auto; border-style:none; clear:both; text-align:center; width:21.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國史前時代 (無呢版)">史前時代</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%8A%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國舊石器時代 (無呢版)">舊石器時代</a>　<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國中石器時代 (無呢版)">中石器時代</a>　<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國新石器時代 (無呢版)">新石器時代</a>　<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國青銅器時代 (無呢版)">青銅器時代</a><br /><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;">此格： <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:大中華史"><span title="睇呢個模" style="">去睇</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:大中華史"><span title="討論呢個模" style="">討論</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit"><span title="編輯呢個模" style=";">編輯</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=history"><span title="睇呢個模嘅歷史" style=";">歷史</span></a></div></div></div> <p><b>中國</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/中國/#yue"><span>zung<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> gwok<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></span></a></span>；<span lang="zh-cn"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="簡化字">簡化字</a>：<b>中国</b></span>），一詞出自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本位主義 (無呢版)">本位主義</a>思想家，將自己住嘅地方比作「天下中心」（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>中心），又稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>。由<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" title="黃河">黃河</a>一帶興起古代文明，後經過幾千年改朝換代同對外<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="戰爭">戰爭</a>，最後統一成為今日<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>同而家未被國際承認嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>，而合計嘅國土面積係全球第三大國，貼近<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>。「中國」一詞近200年較常使用，並先後有政權用「中國」嚟做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國號 (無呢版)">國號</a>。現代國際政治概念上，「中國」成為以<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" title="漢族">漢族</a>為首嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="大中華主義">民族國家</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國家定義"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>國家定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 國家定義"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般嚟講，「中國」有幾種唔同但係相關嘅意思： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史">歷史</a>上，自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a>嘅傳說時代開始，經歷一系列朝代連埋一齊嘅「歷史整體」。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>上，位於歐亞大陸東部，太平洋西岸，係世界上人口最多、地域最遼闊嘅國之一，中國版圖由18世紀成形。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>上，經歷過以上變革現存嘅兩個政治實體，有：現實控制<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>地區嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國中央人民政府">中華人民共和國中央人民政府</a>，同政治中心由中國大陸地區遷移到<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>地區嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">中華民國政府</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90"></span>詞源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 詞源"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「中國」一詞嘅用法五花八門，講唔同語言，政治觀點或意識形態嘅人可能，對中國嘅地理範圍同歷史上各政權嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正統性 (無呢版)">正統性</a>同彼此之間嘅關係，理解、稱號有好多款。 </p><p>稱號有： </p> <ul><li>本土稱號：中華、中原、中土、漢國、大秦、大唐等等。</li> <li>外文稱號：<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3" title="支那">支那</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、釵拿<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="「國」"><span id=".E3.80.8C.E5.9C.8B.E3.80.8D"></span>「國」</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 「國」"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>古代漢語中嘅「國」唔等同現代嘅「國家」。 </p><p>目前所知「中國」呢個字最早出喺《尚書·梓材》中，入面話：「皇天既付中國民，越厥疆土，於先王肆。」嗰陣「中國」嘅含義只不過係周朝嘅人對自己居住嘅地方嘅稱謂，佢哋認為自己喺大地嘅中心，而四周嘅民族就分別俾佢哋叫做蠻、夷、戎、狄。 </p><p>「國」最初嘅意思係天子、諸侯所居住嘅築城嘅地方（以及周邊近郊），更遠統治嘅地方稱「野」，「國」對天子可指京畿，好似「國人暴動」。當然諸侯方面亦可以用「國」。好似（衛）懿公好養鶴，鶴有祿位，狄人入侵，「國人不出戰」，招致滅國。（參考來源）因此，就是要加「中」來修飾「國」至可以明確表示「京畿」嘅含義。 </p><p>隨住歷史嘅發展，各政權嘅直接統治範圍不斷擴大，至春秋「國野」已逐漸不分，原先稱「野」嘅地方亦可以叫「國」，「國」指代嘅範圍就係噉逐漸擴大。隨住兼併更加劇烈，進而秦統一各國，「國」嘅概念開始趨向於「地方」、「地帶」，好似「北國」、「南國」、「水鄉澤國」、「雪國」。 </p><p>「國」亦俾人用來抽象咁指某一地理區域嘅政權同人民，好似「治世不一道，便國（有利於國）不必法古。」（《商君書》），呢種用法接近今日所講嘅「國家」一詞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史前"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D"></span>史前</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 史前"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界已發現嘅最早嘅高等<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%95%B7%E7%9B%AE" title="靈長目">靈長目</a>動物<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%99%E7%8C%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中華曙猿 (無呢版)">中華曙猿</a>喺4500萬年之前中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97" title="江南">江南</a>一帶住。由考古發現知，224萬至25萬年前，中國就有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="直立人">直立人</a>，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巫山人 (無呢版)">巫山人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%AC%80%E4%BA%BA" title="元謀人">元謀人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="藍田人">藍田人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%9B%B4%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南京直立人 (無呢版)">南京直立人</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%9B%B4%E7%AB%8B%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京直立人 (無呢版)">北京直立人</a>。中國嘅信史有三千幾年（目前最早嘅考古證據顯示中國最遲喺公元前3700年前出現咗國家體制）；但係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%88%E6%B9%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賈湖文化 (無呢版)">賈湖文化</a>遺址入面出土嘅一批契刻符距離而家有成八千到一萬年，係關於文字起源已發現最早嘅實物資料。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史"><span id=".E5.8F.B2"></span>史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="中國史">中國史</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="夏朝">夏朝</a>係傳說中，中國第一個朝代，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="周朝">周朝</a>係最長朝代，經歷37代天子，八百幾年，到咗公元前256年先至被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦國">秦國</a>吞併。中國漢唐兩朝係鼎盛時期，至今重有華人自稱唐人，而漢族亦因此著稱。 </p><p>中國係世界文明最早嘅發源地之一，亦係人類歷史上自己創建文字體系嘅文明之一（另外重有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="古印度">古印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="瑪雅文明">瑪雅文明</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="兩河文明">兩河文明</a>）。中國文明嘅歷史至少可以講到四千幾年之前，有文字記載嘅歷史亦有三千幾年。喺大概公元前二十世紀，中國進入咗世襲王朝嘅階段，總共經歷咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="夏朝">夏朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="周朝">周朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="晉朝">晉朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="隋朝">隋朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="元朝">元朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="明朝">明朝</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝">清朝</a>等等，喺朝代交替嘅時候重經歷過好多動亂同埋分裂時期，有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="春秋戰國時期 (無呢版)">春秋戰國時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="三國時期">三國時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="五胡十六國時期">五胡十六國時期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B" title="五代十國">五代十國</a>等等。喺清朝末年，西方嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="民主主義">民主主義</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="共產主義">共產主義</a>等思想傳入中國，令中國三千幾年嘅集權王朝時期結束，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>亦都相繼成立。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 人口"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000年中國人口已達到12.95億人。2006年經過統計人口有13億，排世界頭位。2010年人口已達到14億，2011年有14.1億人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民族同埋民系"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F.E5.90.8C.E5.9F.8B.E6.B0.91.E7.B3.BB"></span>民族同埋民系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 民族同埋民系"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>已確認民族有56個。漢、壯、藏、蒙、回、滿係最大嘅六個民族。此外重有好多未確認民族，例如穿青人、僜人等。 </p><p>其中漢族佔全國人口九成；壯族主要住喺廣西，有千六萬人；回族同埋滿族亦各有大概一千萬人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語言"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>語言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 語言"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中華人民共和國政府同中華民國政府都列官方話係<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>，係<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話">官話</a>嘅一種變體，由部分北京官腔同埋北方口音嘅混合組成，而同時官話各地都有自己嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>，譬如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="西南官話">西南官話</a>。喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">國際標準化組織</a>（ISO）嘅639-3號語言代碼表入邊，官話、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="吳語">吳語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="客家話">客家話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="湘語">湘語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E" title="晉語">晉語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="徽語">徽語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩東語">閩東語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="莆仙語">莆仙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8C%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩北語">閩北語</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E4%B8%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閩中語 (無呢版)">閩中語</a>為當代嘅獨立語言（Individual languages），而漢語就作為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宏語言 (無呢版)">宏語言</a>（Macrolanguage）<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 宗教"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>多宗教，其中<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教">儒教</a>最多人信，原始宗教喺一啲地區流行。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90" title="大唐">唐時</a>亦流行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="三夷教">三夷教</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="祆教">祆教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99" title="景教">景教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a>。近年天啟宗教好似<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="基督新教">基督新教</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="回教">回教</a>都多咗人信。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018312">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2018311">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8" title="維基辭典">維基辭典</a>有呢個詞嘅解釋：<br /><b><a href="https://zh-yue.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/中國">中國</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2018312"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2018311"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="commons:頭版">維基同享</a>有多媒體嘅嘢：<br /><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:China" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:China"><span style="">China</span></a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國概述 (無呢版)">中國概述</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國傳統文化 (無呢版)">中國傳統文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="中國人">中國人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="中國史">中國史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="中國地理">中國地理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中國統一">中國統一</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國歷代官方語言 (無呢版)">中國歷代官方語言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國國學 (無呢版)">中國國學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國史學史 (無呢版)">中國史學史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="中國政區">中國政區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中國首都">中國首都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國憲法">中國憲法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中國國旗">中國國旗</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國新聞史 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註"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">（源自梵語：चीन，cīna），佢原本係古代印度稱呼中國，經<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>經典傳入中國音。</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="note">英文音譯，【Tones of the Mandarin Dialect are Given in English and Chinese】（英語官話合講）用過。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 參考"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wonghoito.blogspot.com/2016/11/tones-of-mandarin-dialect-are-given-in.html">Tones of the Mandarin Dialect are Given in English and Chinese (1865)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=k5NFAAAAcAAJ&pg=180&lpg=PP180#v=onepage&q&f=false">【Tones of the Mandarin Dialect are Given in English and Chinese】．爾我．五十三（右）</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code_tables/639/data/all?title=&field_iso639_cd_st_mmbrshp_639_1_tid=All&name_3=Chinese&field_iso639_element_scope_tid=All&field_iso639_language_type_tid=All&items_per_page=200">"ISO 639 Code Tables"</a>. <i>SIL-ISO 639-3</i>. SIL International<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺2022年9月14號搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIL-ISO+639-3&rft.atitle=ISO+639+Code+Tables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiso639-3.sil.org%2Fcode_tables%2F639%2Fdata%2Fall%3Ftitle%3D%26field_iso639_cd_st_mmbrshp_639_1_tid%3DAll%26name_3%3DChinese%26field_iso639_element_scope_tid%3DAll%26field_iso639_language_type_tid%3DAll%26items_per_page%3D200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="有關嘅書"><span id=".E6.9C.89.E9.97.9C.E5.98.85.E6.9B.B8"></span>有關嘅書</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 有關嘅書"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>胡耀華：〈<a rel="nofollow" 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