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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 New York City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_Chicago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Chicago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Move to Chicago </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Chicago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Boss </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feud_with_Aiello" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feud_with_Aiello"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Feud with Aiello </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feud_with_Aiello-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_alliances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_alliances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Political alliances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_alliances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Valentine's_Day_Massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Valentine's_Day_Massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Valentine's_Day_Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feud_with_Aiello_ends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feud_with_Aiello_ends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Feud with Aiello ends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feud_with_Aiello_ends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Federal intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Trials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_evasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_evasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Tax evasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_evasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Imprisonment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicago_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicago_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Chicago aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicago_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Al Capone</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" > 80 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="آل كابوني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آل كابوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kapon" title="Al Kapon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Al Kapon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Аль Капонэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аль Капонэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Аль Капонэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аль Капонэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ал Капоне – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ал Капоне" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5" title="Αλ Καπόνε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλ Καπόνε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="آل کاپون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آل کاپون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C_%EC%B9%B4%ED%8F%AC%EB%84%A4" title="알 카포네 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알 카포네" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5" title="Ալ Կապոնե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալ Կապոնե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="अल कपोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल कपोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אל קפונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל קפונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ალ კაპონე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალ კაპონე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsus_Capone" title="Alphonsus Capone – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alphonsus Capone" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als_Kapone" title="Als Kapone – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Als Kapone" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kapon%C4%97" title="Al Kaponė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Al Kaponė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ал Капоне – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ал Капоне" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="അൽ കപോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽ കപോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ალ კაპონე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალ კაპონე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Аль Капоне – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аль Капоне" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%8D" title="アル・カポネ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アル・カポネ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kap%C3%B2n" title="Al Kapòn – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Al Kapòn" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Аль Капоне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аль Капоне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئال کەپۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئال کەپۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ал Капоне – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ал Капоне" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அல் கபோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல் கபோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="แอล คาโปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอล คาโปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Аль Капоне – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аль Капоне" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%BD%AD" title="艾尔·卡彭 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="艾尔·卡彭" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%BD%AD" title="卡彭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡彭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Al Capone" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kapuon%C4%97" title="Al Kapuonė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Al Kapuonė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%BD%AD" title="艾爾·卡彭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾爾·卡彭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80048#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="View the content page [c]" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Al Capone (disambiguation)">Al Capone (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Capone" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Capone_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Capone (disambiguation)">Capone (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Al Capone</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/220px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/330px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg/440px-Al_Capone_in_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="2880" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Capone in 1930</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alphonse Gabriel Capone</div> (1899-01-17)January 17, 1899 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 25, 1947(1947-01-25) (aged 48) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Island, Florida">Palm Island, Florida</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Cemetery_(Hillside,_Illinois)" title="Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside, Illinois)">Mount Carmel Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillside,_Illinois" title="Hillside, Illinois">Hillside, Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Scarface</li><li>Big Al</li><li>Big Boy</li><li>Public Enemy No. 1</li><li>Snorky</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Gangster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootlegger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Racketeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Racketeer">racketeer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Boss of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine%27s_Day_Massacre" title="Saint Valentine's Day Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Nitti" title="Frank Nitti">Frank Nitti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mae_Capone" title="Mae Capone">Mae Coughlin</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1918)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_James_Hart" title="Richard James Hart">Richard James Hart</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Capone" title="Ralph Capone">Ralph Capone</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capone" title="Frank Capone">Frank Capone</a> (brother)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fischetti" title="Charles Fischetti">Charles Fischetti</a> (cousin)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rocco_Fischetti" title="Rocco Fischetti">Rocco Fischetti</a> (cousin)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">Chicago Outfit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">Tax evasion</a> (26 U.S.C. § 145) (5 counts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">11 years imprisonment (1931)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Capone_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al_Capone_Signature.svg/150px-Al_Capone_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al_Capone_Signature.svg/225px-Al_Capone_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Al_Capone_Signature.svg/300px-Al_Capone_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="75" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Alphonse Gabriel Capone (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kəˈpoʊn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">kə-POHN</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Italian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[kaˈpoːne]</a>; January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), sometimes known by the nickname "Scarface", was an American <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">gangster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Businessman" class="mw-redirect" title="Businessman">businessman</a> who attained notoriety during the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition era">Prohibition era</a> as the co-founder and boss of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a> from 1925 to 1931. His seven-year reign as a <a href="/wiki/Crime_boss" title="Crime boss">crime boss</a> ended when he went to prison at the age of 33. Capone was born in New York City in 1899 to <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian immigrants</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Five_Points_Gang" title="Five Points Gang">Five Points Gang</a> as a teenager and became a <a href="/wiki/Bouncer" title="Bouncer">bouncer</a> in organized crime premises such as brothels. In his early twenties, Capone moved to Chicago and became a bodyguard of <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Torrio" title="Johnny Torrio">Johnny Torrio</a>, head of a criminal syndicate that <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">illegally supplied alcohol</a>—the forerunner of the Outfit—and was politically protected through the <a href="/wiki/Unione_Siciliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Unione Siciliana">Unione Siciliana</a>. A conflict with the <a href="/wiki/North_Side_Gang" title="North Side Gang">North Side Gang</a> was instrumental in Capone's rise and fall. Torrio went into retirement after North Side gunmen almost killed him, handing control to Capone. Although Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means, his mutually profitable relationships with Mayor <a href="/wiki/William_Hale_Thompson" title="William Hale Thompson">William Hale Thompson</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a> meant he seemed safe from law enforcement. Capone apparently reveled in attention, such as the cheers from spectators when he appeared at baseball games. He made donations to various charities and was viewed by many as a "modern-day <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>".<a href="#cite_note-vintage-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine%27s_Day_Massacre" title="Saint Valentine's Day Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</a>, in which seven gang rivals were murdered in broad daylight, damaged the public image of Chicago and Capone, leading influential citizens to demand government action and newspapers to dub Capone "<a href="/wiki/Public_enemy" title="Public enemy">Public Enemy</a> No. 1". Federal authorities became intent on jailing Capone and charged him with twenty-two counts of <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a>. He was convicted of five counts in 1931. During a highly publicized case, the judge admitted as evidence Capone's admissions of his income and unpaid taxes, made during prior and ultimately abortive negotiations to pay the government taxes he owed. He was convicted and sentenced to eleven years in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">federal prison</a>. After conviction, he replaced his <a href="/wiki/Defense_(legal)" title="Defense (legal)">defense</a> team with experts in <a href="/wiki/Tax_law" title="Tax law">tax law</a>, and his grounds for appeal were strengthened by a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruling, although his appeal ultimately failed. Capone showed signs of <a href="/wiki/Neurosyphilis" title="Neurosyphilis">neurosyphilis</a> early in his sentence and became increasingly debilitated before being released after almost eight years of incarceration. In 1947, he died of cardiac arrest after a stroke. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Capone_mother.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Al_Capone_mother.jpg/170px-Al_Capone_mother.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Al_Capone_mother.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Capone with his mother</figcaption></figure> Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of New York City">borough of New York City</a>, on January 17, 1899.<a href="#cite_note-CAPONE-3">[3]</a> His parents were <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> immigrants Teresa (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Raiola; 1867–1952) and Gabriele Capone (1865–1920),<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> both born in <a href="/wiki/Angri" title="Angri">Angri</a>, a small municipality outside of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salerno" title="Province of Salerno">province of Salerno</a>. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Barber" title="Barber">barber</a> and his mother was a <a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">seamstress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Capone's family had immigrated to the United States in 1893 by ship, first going through the port city of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rijeka" title="History of Rijeka">Fiume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, Croatia).<a href="#cite_note-CAPONE-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The family settled at 95 Navy Street, in the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Brooklyn Navy Yard</a>. When Capone was aged 11, he and his family moved to 38 Garfield Place in <a href="/wiki/Park_Slope" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a>, Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-CAPONE-3">[3]</a> Capone's parents had eight other children: <a href="/wiki/James_Vincenzo_Capone" class="mw-redirect" title="James Vincenzo Capone">James Vincenzo Capone</a>, who later changed his name to Richard Hart and became a Prohibition agent in <a href="/wiki/Homer,_Nebraska" title="Homer, Nebraska">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Capone" title="Ralph Capone">Raffaele James Capone</a>, also known as Ralph Capone or "Bottles", who took charge of his brother's beverage industry; <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capone" title="Frank Capone">Salvatore "Frank" Capone</a>; Ermina Capone, who died at the age of one; Ermino "John" Capone; Albert Capone; Matthew Capone and Mafalda Capone. Ralph and Frank worked with Al in his criminal empire. Frank did so until his death on April 1, 1924.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Ralph ran Al's bottling companies (both legal and illegal) early on and was also the front man for the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a> until he was imprisoned for <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> in 1932.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Capone showed promise as a student but had trouble with the rules at his strict parochial <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a>. His schooling ended at the age of 14 after he was <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_(education)" title="Expulsion (education)">expelled</a> for hitting a female teacher in the face.<a href="#cite_note-Biography_Channel-10">[10]</a> Capone worked at odd jobs around Brooklyn, including a candy store and a bowling alley.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> From 1916 to 1918, he played semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Following this, Capone was influenced by gangster <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Torrio" title="Johnny Torrio">Johnny Torrio</a>, whom he came to regard as a mentor.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Capone married <a href="/wiki/Mae_Capone" title="Mae Capone">Mae Josephine Coughlin</a> at age 19, on December 30, 1918. She was Irish Catholic and earlier that month had given birth to their son Albert Francis "Sonny" Capone (1918–2004). Albert lost most of his hearing in his left ear as a child. Capone was under the age of 21, and his parents had to consent in writing to the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> By all accounts, the two had a happy marriage.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_City">New York City</h3></div> Capone initially became involved with small-time gangs that included the Junior Forty Thieves and the Bowery Boys. He then joined the Brooklyn Rippers, and then the powerful <a href="/wiki/Five_Points_Gang" title="Five Points Gang">Five Points Gang</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>. During this time he was employed and mentored by fellow racketeer <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Yale" title="Frankie Yale">Frankie Yale</a>, a bartender in a <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> dance hall and saloon called the Harvard Inn. Capone inadvertently insulted a woman while <a href="/wiki/Bouncer_(doorman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouncer (doorman)">working the door</a>, and he was slashed with a knife three times on the left side of his face by her brother, Frank Galluccio; the wounds led to the nickname "Scarface", which Capone loathed.<a href="#cite_note-fivefamilies-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-kobler36-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-LScarface-18">[18]</a> The date when this occurred has been reported with inconsistencies.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> When Capone was photographed, he hid the scarred left side of his face, saying that the injuries were war wounds.<a href="#cite_note-kobler36-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He was called "Snorky" by his closest friends, a term for a sharp dresser.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Chicago">Move to Chicago</h3></div> In 1919, Capone left New York City for <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> at the invitation of Torrio, who was imported by crime boss <a href="/wiki/Jim_Colosimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Colosimo">James "Big Jim" Colosimo</a> as an enforcer. Capone began in Chicago as a bouncer in a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a>, which is thought to be most likely where he contracted <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>. Capone was aware of being infected at an early stage and timely use of <a href="/wiki/Arsphenamine" title="Arsphenamine">Salvarsan</a> probably could have cured the infection, but he apparently never sought treatment.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1923, Capone purchased a small house at 7244 South <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Avenue" title="Prairie Avenue">Prairie Avenue</a> in the Park Manor neighborhood in Chicago's <a href="/wiki/South_Side,_Chicago" title="South Side, Chicago">South Side</a> for $5,500.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> As originally reported in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>, hijacker Joe Howard was killed on May 8, 1924, after he tried to interfere with the Capone-Torrio <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootlegging</a> business.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In a 1936 article highlighting Capone's criminal career, the Tribune erroneously reported the date as May 7, 1923.<a href="#cite_note-decade-27">[27]</a> In the early years of the decade, Capone's name began appearing in newspaper sports pages where he was described as a <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> promoter.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Torrio took over Colosimo's criminal empire after the latter's murder on May 11, 1920, in which Capone was suspected of being involved.<a href="#cite_note-Biography_Channel-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Torrio headed an essentially <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Italian organized crime group</a> that was the biggest in Chicago, with Capone as his right-hand man. Torrio was wary of being drawn into gang wars and tried to negotiate agreements over territory between rival crime groups. The smaller <a href="/wiki/North_Side_Gang" title="North Side Gang">North Side Gang</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Dean_O%27Banion" title="Dean O'Banion">Dean O'Banion</a>, came under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Genna_crime_family" title="Genna crime family">Genna brothers</a> who were allied with Torrio. O'Banion found that Torrio was unhelpful with the Gennas' encroachment, despite his pretensions to be a settler of disputes.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In a fateful step, Torrio arranged the murder of O'Banion at his flower shop on November 10, 1924. This placed <a href="/wiki/Hymie_Weiss" title="Hymie Weiss">Hymie Weiss</a> at the head of the gang, backed by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Drucci" title="Vincent Drucci">Vincent Drucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a>. Weiss had been a close friend of O'Banion, and the North Siders made it a priority to get revenge on his killers.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-myalcaponemuseum.com-33">[33]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a>, Capone was involved with Canadian bootleggers who helped him smuggle <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a> into the U.S. When Capone was asked if he knew <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Perri" title="Rocco Perri">Rocco Perri</a>, billed as Canada's "King of the Bootleggers", he replied: "Why, I don't even know which street Canada is on."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Other sources claim that Capone had certainly visited Canada,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> where he maintained some hideaways,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> although the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> states that there is no "evidence that he ever set foot on Canadian soil".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boss">Boss</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone,_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg/220px-Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg/330px-Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg/440px-Unemployed_men_queued_outside_a_depression_soup_kitchen_opened_in_Chicago_by_Al_Capone%2C_02-1931_-_NARA_-_541927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2939" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption>Unemployed men outside a <a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">soup kitchen</a> opened by Capone in Chicago during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, February 1931</figcaption></figure> An ambush in January 1925 left Capone shaken, but unhurt. Twelve days later, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip when he was shot several times. After recovering, he effectively resigned and handed control over to Capone, aged 26, who became the new boss of an organization that took in illegal breweries and a transportation network that reached to Canada, with <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_corruption" title="Police corruption">law-enforcement protection</a>. In turn, he was able to use more violence to increase revenue. Any establishment that refused to purchase liquor from Capone often got blown up, and as many as 100 people were killed in such bombings during the 1920s. Rivals saw Capone as responsible for the proliferation of brothels in the city.<a href="#cite_note-myalcaponemuseum.com-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Capone often enlisted the help of local members of the black community into his operations; <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musicians <a href="/wiki/Milt_Hinton" title="Milt Hinton">Milt Hinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a> had uncles who worked for Capone on Chicago's South Side. A fan of jazz as well, Capone once asked clarinetist <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Dodds" title="Johnny Dodds">Johnny Dodds</a> to play a number that Dodds did not know; Capone split a $100 bill in half and told Dodds that he would get the other half when he learned it. Capone also sent two bodyguards to accompany jazz pianist <a href="/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a> on a road trip.<a href="#cite_note-jazz-41">[41]</a> Capone indulged in custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink, and female companionship. He was particularly known for his flamboyant and costly jewelry. His favorite responses to questions about his activities were "I am just a businessman, giving the people what they want" and "All I do is satisfy a public demand". Capone had become a national celebrity and talking point.<a href="#cite_note-fivefamilies-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg/220px-Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg/330px-Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg/440px-Florida-Miami-Al_Capones_Mansion-1922-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to Capone's mansion in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Island, Florida">Palm Island, Florida</a>, located at 93 Palm Avenue. Capone bought the estate in 1928 as a winter retreat and lived there until his death in 1947.</figcaption></figure> Capone based himself in <a href="/wiki/Cicero,_Illinois" title="Cicero, Illinois">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, after using bribery and widespread intimidation to take over town council elections, making it difficult for the North Siders to target him.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Capone's driver was found tortured and murdered, and there was an attempt on Weiss' life in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Loop" title="Chicago Loop">Chicago Loop</a>. On September 20, 1926, the North Siders used a ploy outside Capone's headquarters at the Hawthorne Inn aimed at drawing him to the windows. Gunmen in several cars then opened fire with <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a> at the windows of the first-floor restaurant. Capone was unhurt and called for a truce, but the negotiations fell flat. Three weeks later, on October 11, Weiss was killed outside the North Siders' headquarters at O'Banion's former flower shop. The owner of Hawthorne's restaurant was a friend of Capone's, and he was kidnapped and killed by Moran and Drucci in January 1927.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS-44">[44]</a> Capone became increasingly security-minded and desirous of getting away from Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-CBS-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> As a precaution, he and his entourage would often show up suddenly at one of Chicago's train depots and buy up an entire <a href="/wiki/Pullman_(car_or_coach)" title="Pullman (car or coach)">Pullman</a> <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">sleeper car</a> on a night train to <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha">Omaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs,_Arkansas" title="Hot Springs, Arkansas">Hot Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, where they would spend a week in luxury hotel suites under assumed names. In 1928, Capone paid $40,000 to Clarence Busch of the <a href="/wiki/Anheuser-Busch" title="Anheuser-Busch">Anheuser-Busch</a> brewing family for a 10,000 square foot (930 m2) home at 93 Palm Avenue on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Island_(Miami_Beach)" title="Palm Island (Miami Beach)">Palm Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Beach">Miami Beach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feud_with_Aiello">Feud with Aiello</h3></div> In November 1925, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lombardo" title="Antonio Lombardo">Antonio Lombardo</a>, who was Capone's <a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">consigliere</a>, was named head of the <a href="/wiki/Unione_Siciliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Unione Siciliana">Unione Siciliana</a>, a Sicilian-American benevolent society that had been corrupted by gangsters. An infuriated <a href="/wiki/Joe_Aiello" title="Joe Aiello">Joe Aiello</a>, who had wanted the position himself, believed Capone was responsible for Lombardo's ascension and resented the non-Sicilian's attempts to manipulate affairs within the Unione.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe216-47">[47]</a> Aiello severed all personal and business ties with Lombardo and entered into a feud with Capone.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe216-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a> Aiello allied himself with several of Capone enemies, including <a href="/wiki/Jack_Zuta" title="Jack Zuta">Jack Zuta</a>, who ran vice and gambling houses together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT01051928-50">[50]</a> Aiello plotted to eliminate both Lombardo and Capone, and starting in the spring of 1927, made several attempts to assassinate Capone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a> On one occasion, Aiello offered money to the chef of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_%22Diamond_Joe%22_Esposito" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph "Diamond Joe" Esposito">Joseph "Diamond Joe" Esposito</a>'s Bella Napoli Café, Capone's favorite restaurant, to put <a href="/wiki/Prussic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussic acid">prussic acid</a> in Capone's and Lombardo's soup; reports indicated he offered between $10,000 and $35,000.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe216-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a> Instead, the chef exposed the plot to Capone,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lyle111260-52">[52]</a> who responded by dispatching men to destroy Aiello's bakery on West Division Street with machine-gun fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a> More than 200 bullets were fired into the bakery on May 28, 1927, wounding Aiello's brother Antonio.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe216-47">[47]</a> During the summer and autumn of 1927, a number of hitmen Aiello hired to kill Capone were themselves slain. Among them were Anthony Russo and Vincent Spicuzza, each of whom had been offered $25,000 by Aiello to kill Capone and Lombardo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a> Aiello eventually offered a $50,000 <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(reward)" title="Bounty (reward)">bounty</a> to anyone who eliminated Capone.<a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">[48]</a> At least ten gunmen tried to collect on the bounty, but ended up dead.<a href="#cite_note-Keefe216-47">[47]</a> Capone's ally Ralph Sheldon attempted to kill both Capone and Lombardo for Aiello's reward, but Capone henchman, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Nitti" title="Frank Nitti">Frank Nitti</a>, had an intelligence network that learned of the transaction and had Sheldon shot in front of a <a href="/wiki/West_Side,_Chicago" title="West Side, Chicago">West Side</a> hotel, although he survived the incident.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">[49]</a> In November 1927, Aiello organized machine-gun ambushes across from Lombardo's home and a cigar store frequented by Capone, but those plans were foiled after an anonymous tip led police to raid several addresses and arrest <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> gunman Angelo La Mantio and four other Aiello gunmen. After the police discovered receipts for the apartments in La Mantio's pockets, he confessed that Aiello had hired him to kill Capone and Lombardo, leading the police to arrest Aiello himself and bring him to the South Clark Street police station.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keefe217-53">[53]</a> Upon learning of the arrest, Capone dispatched nearly two dozen gunmen to stand guard outside the station and await Aiello's release.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sifakis77-54">[54]</a> The men made no attempt to conceal their purpose there, and reporters and photographers rushed to the scene to observe Aiello's expected murder.<a href="#cite_note-Lyle111260-52">[52]</a> When released, Aiello was given a police escort out of the station to safety. He later failed to make a court appearance after his attorney claimed he suffered a nervous breakdown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">[49]</a> Aiello disappeared with some family members to <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>, where he continued his campaign against Capone and Lombardo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeefe2005217-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_alliances">Political alliances</h3></div> Chicago politicians had long been associated with questionable methods, and even newspaper circulation "wars", but the need for bootleggers to have protection in city hall introduced a far more serious level of violence and graft. Capone is generally seen as having an appreciable effect in bringing about the victory of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> mayoral candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Hale_Thompson" title="William Hale Thompson">William Hale Thompson</a>, who had campaigned on a platform of not enforcing Prohibition and at one time hinted that he'd reopen illegal saloons.<a href="#cite_note-big_bill_232_244-56">[56]</a> Thompson allegedly accepted a contribution of $250,000 from Capone. Thompson beat <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Emmett_Dever" title="William Emmett Dever">William Emmett Dever</a> in the 1927 mayoral race by a relatively slim margin.<a href="#cite_note-mayors-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On the day of the <a href="/wiki/Pineapple_Primary" title="Pineapple Primary">Pineapple Primary</a> on April 10, 1928, voting booths were targeted by Capone's bomber, <a href="/wiki/James_Belcastro" title="James Belcastro">James Belcastro</a>, in wards where Thompson's opponents were thought to have support, causing the deaths of at least fifteen people. Belcastro was accused of murdering lawyer Octavius Granady, an African-American, who challenged Thompson's candidate for the Black vote, and was chased through the streets on polling day by cars of gunmen before being shot dead. Four policemen were among those charged along with Belcastro, but all charges were dropped after key witnesses recanted their statements. An indication of the attitude of local law enforcement toward Capone's organization came in 1931 when Belcastro was wounded in a shooting; police suggested to skeptical journalists that Belcastro was an independent operator.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> A 1929 report by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> connected Capone to the 1926 murder of Assistant State Attorney William H. McSwiggin, the 1928 murders of chief investigator Ben Newmark, and former mentor Frankie Yale.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Valentine's_Day_Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine%27s_Day_Massacre" title="Saint Valentine's Day Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</a></div> Capone was widely assumed to have been responsible for ordering the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, despite being at his Florida home at the time of the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The massacre was an attempt to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/North_Side_Gang" title="North Side Gang">North Side Gang</a>, and the motivation for the plan may have been the fact that some expensive whisky that was illegally imported from Canada via the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a> had been hijacked while it was being transported to Cook County, Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Moran was the last survivor of the North Side gunmen; his succession had come about because his similarly aggressive predecessors, Weiss and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Drucci" title="Vincent Drucci">Vincent Drucci</a>, had been killed in the violence that followed the murder of original leader <a href="/wiki/Dean_O%27Banion" title="Dean O'Banion">Dean O'Banion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> To monitor their targets' habits and movements, Capone's men rented an apartment across from the trucking warehouse and garage at 2122 North Clark Street, which served as Moran's headquarters. On the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929,<a href="#cite_note-cdtsdim-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-tklocty-70">[70]</a> Capone's lookouts signaled four gunmen, disguised as police officers, to initiate a "police raid". The faux police lined the seven victims along a wall and signaled for accomplices armed with machine guns and shotguns. Moran was not among the victims. Photos of the slain victims shocked the public and damaged Capone's image. Within days, Capone received a summons to testify before a Chicago grand jury on charges of federal Prohibition violations, but he claimed to be too unwell to attend.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In an effort to clean up his image, Capone donated to charities and sponsored a <a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">soup kitchen</a> in Chicago during the Depression.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-vintage-2">[2]</a> The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre led to public outcry about Thompson's alliance with Capone, and this was a factor in <a href="/wiki/Anton_J._Cermak" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton J. Cermak">Anton J. Cermak</a> winning the mayoral election on April 6, 1931.<a href="#cite_note-articles.chicagotribune.com-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feud_with_Aiello_ends">Feud with Aiello ends</h3></div> Capone was known for ordering other men to do his dirty work for him. In May 1929, one of Capone's <a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">bodyguards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Rio" title="Frank Rio">Frank Rio</a>, uncovered a plot by three of his men; Albert Anselmi, <a href="/wiki/John_Scalise" title="John Scalise">John Scalise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Giunta_(mobster)" title="Joseph Giunta (mobster)">Joseph Giunta</a>. They had been persuaded by Aiello to depose Capone and take over the Chicago Outfit.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Later on, Capone beat the men with a <a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">baseball bat</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Gangland_killing" title="Gangland killing">ordered</a> his bodyguards to shoot them, a scene that was included in the 1987 film <a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-75">[75]</a> Deirdre Bair, along with writers and historians such as William Elliot Hazelgrove, have questioned the veracity of the claim.<a href="#cite_note-:0-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[76]</a> Bair questioned why "three trained killers could sit quietly and let this happen", while Hazelgrove stated that Capone would have been "hard pressed to beat three men to death with a baseball bat" and that he would have instead let an enforcer perform the murders;<a href="#cite_note-:0-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[76]</a> however, despite claims that the story was first reported by author <a href="/wiki/Walter_Noble_Burns" title="Walter Noble Burns">Walter Noble Burns</a> in his 1931 book The One-Way Ride: The Red Trail of Chicago Gangland from Prohibition to Jake Lingle,<a href="#cite_note-:0-75">[75]</a> Capone biographers <a href="/wiki/Max_Allan_Collins" title="Max Allan Collins">Max Allan Collins</a> and A. Brad Schwartz have found versions of the story in press coverage shortly after the crime. Collins and Schwartz suggest that similarities among reported versions of the story indicate a basis in truth and that the Outfit deliberately spread the tale to enhance Capone's fearsome reputation.<a href="#cite_note-Collins_&_Schwartz-77">[77]</a>: xvi, 209–213, 565  George Meyer, an associate of Capone's, also claimed to have witnessed both the planning of the murders and the event itself.<a href="#cite_note-CAPONE-3">[3]</a> In 1930, upon learning of Aiello's continued plotting against him, Capone resolved to finally eliminate him.<a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a> In the weeks before Aiello's death, Capone's men tracked him to <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, where he had connections through <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo crime family</a> boss <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Magaddino" title="Stefano Magaddino">Stefano Magaddino</a>, and plotted to kill him there, but Aiello returned to Chicago before the plot could be executed.<a href="#cite_note-Critchley295-78">[78]</a> Aiello, angst-ridden from the constant need to hide out and the killings of several of his men,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005174-79">[79]</a> set up residence in the Chicago apartment of Unione Siciliana treasurer Pasquale "Patsy Presto" Prestogiacomo at 205 N. Kolmar Ave.<a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT10291930-80">[80]</a> On October 23, upon exiting Prestogiacomo's building to enter a taxicab, a gunman in a second-floor window across the street started firing at Aiello with a submachine gun.<a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT10291930-80">[80]</a> Aiello was said to have been shot at least 13 times before he toppled off the building steps and moved around the corner,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> attempting to move out of the line of fire. Instead, he moved directly into the range of a second submachine gun positioned on the third floor of another apartment block, and was subsequently gunned down.<a href="#cite_note-Sifakis5-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT10291930-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_intervention">Federal intervention</h3></div> In the wake of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, <a href="/wiki/Walter_A._Strong" title="Walter A. Strong">Walter A. Strong</a>, publisher of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a>, asked his friend President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> for federal intervention to stem Chicago's lawlessness. He arranged a secret meeting at the White House, just two weeks after Hoover's inauguration. On March 19, 1929, Strong, joined by <a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Loesch" title="Frank J. Loesch">Frank Loesch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Crime_Commission" title="Chicago Crime Commission">Chicago Crime Commission</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Laird_Bell" title="Laird Bell">Laird Bell</a>, made their case to the President.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In Hoover's 1952 Memoir, the former President reported that Strong argued "Chicago was in the hands of the gangsters, that the police and magistrates were completely under their control, …that the Federal government was the only force by which the city's ability to govern itself could be restored. At once I directed that all the Federal agencies concentrate upon Mr. Capone and his allies."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> That meeting launched a multi-agency attack on Capone. Treasury and Justice Departments developed plans for income tax prosecutions against Chicago gangsters, and a small, elite squad of Prohibition Bureau agents (whose members included <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a>) were deployed against bootleggers. In a city used to corruption, these lawmen were incorruptible. Charles Schwarz, a writer for the Chicago Daily News, dubbed them <a href="/wiki/Untouchables_(law_enforcement)" title="Untouchables (law enforcement)">Untouchables</a>. To support Federal efforts, Strong secretly used his newspaper's resources to gather and share intelligence on the Capone outfit.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trials">Trials</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-capone-cell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Al-capone-cell.jpg/220px-Al-capone-cell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Al-capone-cell.jpg/330px-Al-capone-cell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Al-capone-cell.jpg/440px-Al-capone-cell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Capone's cell at the now decommissioned <a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Penitentiary" title="Eastern State Penitentiary">Eastern State Penitentiary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where he spent about nine months starting in May 1929</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg/220px-Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg/330px-Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg/440px-Al_Capone_in_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3313" data-file-height="1977" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mug_shot" title="Mug shot">Mug shot</a> of Capone in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, 1930</figcaption></figure> On March 27, 1929, Capone was arrested by FBI agents as he left a Chicago courtroom after testifying to a grand jury that was investigating violations of federal prohibition laws. He was charged with contempt of court for feigning illness to avoid an earlier appearance.<a href="#cite_note-fbi-85">[85]</a> On May 16, 1929, Capone was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, for carrying a concealed weapon. On May 17, 1929, Capone was indicted by a grand jury and a trial was held before Philadelphia Municipal Court Judge John E Walsh. Entering a guilty plea by his attorney, Capone was sentenced to a prison term of one year.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On August 8, 1929, Capone was transferred to Philadelphia's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Penitentiary" title="Eastern State Penitentiary">Eastern State Penitentiary</a>. A week after his release in March 1930, Capone was listed as "Public Enemy #1" on the unofficial Chicago Crime Commission's widely publicized list.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In April 1930, Capone was arrested on <a href="/wiki/Vagrancy#United_States" title="Vagrancy">vagrancy</a> charges when visiting Miami Beach; the governor had ordered sheriffs to run him out of the state. Capone claimed that Miami police had refused him food and water and threatened to arrest his family. He was charged with <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> for making these statements, but was acquitted after a three-day trial in July.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In September, a Chicago judge issued a warrant for Capone's arrest on charges of vagrancy and then used the publicity to run against Thompson in the Republican primary.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In February 1931, Capone was tried on the contempt of court charge. In court, Judge <a href="/wiki/James_Herbert_Wilkerson" title="James Herbert Wilkerson">James Herbert Wilkerson</a>, intervened to reinforce questioning of Capone's doctor by the prosecutor. Wilkerson sentenced Capone to six months, but he remained free while on appeal of the contempt conviction.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In February 1930, Capone's organization was linked to the murder of Julius Rosenheim, who served as a police <a href="/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">informant</a> in the Chicago Outfit for 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_evasion">Tax evasion</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:IRS_investigation_of_Al_Capone" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Portal:IRS investigation of Al Capone">IRS investigation of Al Capone</a></div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg/220px-Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg/330px-Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg/440px-Capone%E2%80%99s_criminal_record_in_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Capone's <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> criminal record in 1932, showing most of his criminal charges were discharged or dismissed</figcaption></figure> U.S. Assistant Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Walker_Willebrandt" title="Mabel Walker Willebrandt">Mabel Walker Willebrandt</a> is said to have originated the tactic of charging obviously wealthy crime figures with federal <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a> on the basis of their luxurious lifestyles.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In 1927, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Sullivan" title="United States v. Sullivan">United States v. Sullivan</a> that the approach was legally sound: illegally earned income was subject to income tax.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The key to Capone's conviction on tax charges was not his spending, but proving his income, and the most valuable evidence in that regard originated in his offer to pay tax. Ralph, his brother and a gangster in his own right, was tried for tax evasion in 1930. Ralph spent the next 18 months in prison after being convicted in a two-week trial over which Wilkerson presided.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Seeking to avoid the same fate, Capone ordered his lawyer to regularize his tax position, and although it was not done, his lawyer made crucial admissions when stating the income that Capone was willing to pay tax on for various years, admitting income of $100,000 for 1928 and 1929, for instance; hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain years he had paid no tax on. On March 13, 1931, Capone was charged with <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_evasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Income tax evasion">income tax evasion</a> for 1924, in a secret grand jury. On June 5, 1931, Capone was indicted by a federal grand jury on 22 counts of income tax evasion from 1925 through 1929; he was released on $50,000 bail.<a href="#cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">[97]</a> Capone was then indicted on 5,000 violations of the <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a> (Prohibition laws).<a href="#cite_note-Collins_&_Schwartz-77">[77]</a>: 385–421, 493–496 <a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">[97]</a> On June 16, 1931, at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Federal_Building" title="Chicago Federal Building">Chicago Federal Building</a> in the courtroom of Wilkerson, Capone pleaded guilty to income tax evasion and the 5,000 Volstead Act violations as part of a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2+1⁄2-year prison sentence <a href="/wiki/Plea_bargain" title="Plea bargain">plea bargain</a>. On July 30, 1931, Wilkerson refused to honor the plea bargain, and Capone's counsel rescinded the guilty pleas.<a href="#cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">[97]</a> On the second day of the trial, Wilkerson deemed that the 1930 letter to federal authorities could be admitted into evidence, overruling objections that a lawyer could not confess for his client.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Wilkerson later tried Capone only on the income tax evasion charges as he determined they took precedence over the Volstead Act charges.<a href="#cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">[97]</a> Much was later made of other evidence, such as witnesses and ledgers, but these strongly implied Capone's control rather than stating it. Capone's lawyers, who had relied on the plea bargain Wilkerson refused to honor, therefore had mere hours to prepare for the trial, ran a weak defense focused on claiming that essentially all his income was lost to gambling.<a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-102">[102]</a> This would have been irrelevant regardless, since gambling losses can only be subtracted from gambling winnings, but it was further undercut by Capone's expenses, which were well beyond what his claimed income could support; Wilkerson allowed Capone's spending to be presented at very great length.<a href="#cite_note-Iorizzo-102">[102]</a> The government charged Capone with evasion of $215,000 in taxes on a total income of $1,038,654, during the five-year period.<a href="#cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">[97]</a> Capone was convicted on five counts of income tax evasion on October 17, 1931,<a href="#cite_note-brit-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-ctcvcapn-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-ccotevsr-105">[105]</a> and was sentenced a week later to 11 years in federal prison, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes.<a href="#cite_note-csenelv-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-cpjlpnx-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-ckmappl-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-court-109">[109]</a> The contempt of court sentence was served concurrently.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> New lawyers hired to represent Capone were Washington-based tax experts. They filed a writ of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus_in_the_United_States" title="Habeas corpus in the United States">habeas corpus</a> based on a Supreme Court ruling that tax evasion was not fraud, which apparently meant that Capone had been convicted on charges relating to years that were actually outside the time limit for prosecution; however, a judge interpreted the law so that the time that Capone had spent in Miami was subtracted from the age of the offences, thereby denying the appeal of both Capone's conviction and sentence.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg/220px-Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg/330px-Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg/440px-Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary_-_Cell_181_-_Al_Capone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>Cell 181 in Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary where Capone was imprisoned</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acaponeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Acaponeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>Mug shot of Capone at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, 1934</figcaption></figure> Capone was sent to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_U.S._Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary">Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary</a> in May 1932, aged 33. Upon his arrival at Atlanta, Capone was officially diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonorrhea" title="Gonorrhea">gonorrhea</a>. He was also experiencing withdrawal symptoms from cocaine addiction, the use of which had perforated his nasal septum. Capone was competent at his prison job of stitching soles on shoes for eight hours a day, but his letters were barely coherent. He was seen as a weak personality, and so out of his depth dealing with bullying at the hands of fellow inmates that his cellmate, seasoned convict <a href="/wiki/Morris_Rudensky" title="Morris Rudensky">Red Rudensky</a>, feared that Capone would have a breakdown. Rudensky was formerly a small-time criminal associated with the Capone gang and found himself becoming a protector for Capone. The conspicuous protection by Rudensky and other prisoners drew accusations from less friendly inmates and fueled suspicion that Capone was receiving special treatment. No solid evidence ever emerged, but it formed part of the rationale for moving Capone to the recently opened <a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary" title="Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary">Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary</a> off the coast of San Francisco, in August 1934.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On June 23, 1936, Capone was stabbed and superficially wounded by fellow Alcatraz inmate <a href="/wiki/James_C._Lucas" title="James C. Lucas">James C. Lucas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capone_Alcatraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Capone_Alcatraz.jpg/220px-Capone_Alcatraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Capone_Alcatraz.jpg/330px-Capone_Alcatraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Capone_Alcatraz.jpg/440px-Capone_Alcatraz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5672" data-file-height="6208" /></a><figcaption>Capone's inmate file from Alcatraz Prison</figcaption></figure> Due to his good behavior, Capone was permitted to play banjo in the Alcatraz prison band, the Rock Islanders, which gave regular Sunday concerts for other inmates.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Capone also transcribed the song "<a href="/wiki/Madonna_Mia" title="Madonna Mia">Madonna Mia</a>" creating his own arrangement as a tribute to his wife Mae.<a href="#cite_note-straitstimes-117">[117]</a> At Alcatraz, Capone's decline became increasingly evident, as <a href="/wiki/Neurosyphilis" title="Neurosyphilis">neurosyphilis</a> progressively eroded his mental faculties; his formal diagnosis of syphilis of the brain was made in February 1938.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> He spent the last year of his Alcatraz sentence in the hospital section, confused and disoriented.<a href="#cite_note-ch11-119">[119]</a> Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Terminal_Island" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island">Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island</a> in California to serve out his sentence for <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Federal_parole_in_the_United_States" title="Federal parole in the United States">paroled</a> on November 16, 1939, after his wife Mae appealed to the court, based on his reduced mental capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-Penicillin-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chicago_aftermath">Chicago aftermath</h2></div> The main effect of Capone's conviction was that he ceased to be boss immediately on his imprisonment, but those involved in the jailing of Capone portrayed it as a considerable undermining of the city's <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> syndicate. Capone's <a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">underboss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Nitti" title="Frank Nitti">Frank Nitti</a>, took over as boss of the Outfit after he was released from prison in March 1932, having also been convicted of tax evasion charges.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005-123">[123]</a> Far from being smashed, the Outfit continued without being troubled by the Chicago police, but at a lower level and without the open violence that had marked Capone's rule. Organized crime in the city had a lower profile once <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a> was repealed, already wary of attention after seeing Capone's notoriety bring him down, to the extent that there is a lack of consensus among writers about who was actually in control and who was a figurehead "front boss".<a href="#cite_note-articles.chicagotribune.com-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Collins_&_Schwartz-77">[77]</a> Prostitution, labor union racketeering, and gambling became moneymakers for organized crime in the city without incurring serious investigation. In the late 1950s, FBI agents discovered an organization led by Capone's former lieutenants reigning supreme over the Chicago underworld.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Some historians have speculated that Capone ordered the 1939 murder of <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._O%27Hare" title="Edward J. O'Hare">Edward J. O'Hare</a> a week before his release, for helping federal prosecutors convict Capone of tax evasion, though there are other theories for O'Hare's death.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2></div> Due to his failing health, Capone was released from prison on November 16, 1939,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and referred to <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/General_paresis_of_the_insane" title="General paresis of the insane">syphilitic paresis</a>. Because of his unsavory reputation, Johns Hopkins refused to treat him, but Baltimore's <a href="/wiki/MedStar_Union_Memorial_Hospital" title="MedStar Union Memorial Hospital">Union Memorial Hospital</a> did. Capone was grateful for the compassionate care that he received and donated two Japanese weeping cherry trees to Union Memorial Hospital in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] After a few weeks of inpatient and outpatient care, on March 20, 1940, a very sickly Capone left Baltimore and travelled to his mansion in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Island, Florida">Palm Island, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In 1942, after mass production of <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> was started in the United States, Capone was one of the first American patients treated by the new drug.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Though it was too late for him to reverse the damage to his brain, it did slow down the progression of the disease.<a href="#cite_note-Penicillin-121">[121]</a> In 1946, his physician and a Baltimore psychiatrist examined him and concluded that Capone had the mentality of a 12-year-old child.<a href="#cite_note-fbi-85">[85]</a> He spent the last years of his life at his Palm Island mansion, spending time with his wife and grandchildren.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On January 21, 1947, Capone had a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>. He regained consciousness and started to improve, but contracted <a href="/wiki/Bronchopneumonia" title="Bronchopneumonia">bronchopneumonia</a>. He suffered a <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> on January 22, and on January 25, surrounded by his family in his home, died after his <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failed</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Apoplexy" title="Apoplexy">apoplexy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cstdivill-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> His body was transported back to Chicago a week later and a private funeral was held.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> He was originally buried at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olivet_Cemetery_(Chicago)" title="Mount Olivet Cemetery (Chicago)">Mount Olivet Cemetery</a> in Chicago. In 1950, Capone's remains, along with those of his father, Gabriele, and brother, Frank, were moved to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Cemetery_(Hillside,_Illinois)" title="Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside, Illinois)">Mount Carmel Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hillside,_Illinois" title="Hillside, Illinois">Hillside, Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capone's death certificate January 25, 1947"><img alt="Capone's death certificate January 25, 1947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg/120px-Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg/180px-Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg/240px-Death_certificate_of_Al_Capone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="806" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capone's <a href="/wiki/Death_certificate" title="Death certificate">death certificate</a> January 25, 1947</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Al_Capone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capone's grave in Mount Carmel Cemetery, Hillside, Illinois"><img alt="Capone's grave in Mount Carmel Cemetery, Hillside, Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grave_Al_Capone.jpg/120px-Grave_Al_Capone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grave_Al_Capone.jpg/180px-Grave_Al_Capone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Grave_Al_Capone.jpg/240px-Grave_Al_Capone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="441" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capone's grave in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Cemetery_(Hillside,_Illinois)" title="Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside, Illinois)">Mount Carmel Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillside,_Illinois" title="Hillside, Illinois">Hillside, Illinois</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone_in_popular_culture" title="Al Capone in popular culture">Al Capone in popular culture</a></div> Capone is one of the most notorious American gangsters of the 20th century and has been the major subject of numerous articles, books, and films. Particularly, from 1925 to 1929, shortly after he moved to Chicago, he enjoyed his status as the most notorious mobster in the country. He cultivated a certain image of himself in the media that made him a subject of fascination.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone_bibliography" title="Al Capone bibliography">Al Capone bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Great_Depression-era_outlaws" title="List of the Great Depression-era outlaws">List of Great Depression-era outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Al_Capone%27s_Vaults" title="The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults">The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_organized_crime" title="Timeline of organized crime">Timeline of organized crime</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/al-capone">"the definition of al capone"</a>. Dictionary.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618152253/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/al-capone">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=the+definition+of+al+capone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fal-capone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vintage-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vintage_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vintage_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/06/06/gangster-al-capone-started-one-of-the-first-soup-kitchens-during-the-great-depression-for-the-unemployed-2/">"During the Great Depression Al Capone started one of the first "Soup Kitchens" for the unemployed"</a>. thevintagenews.com. June 6, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327151411/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/06/06/gangster-al-capone-started-one-of-the-first-soup-kitchens-during-the-great-depression-for-the-unemployed-2/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=During+the+Great+Depression+Al+Capone+started+one+of+the+first+%22Soup+Kitchens%22+for+the+unemployed&rft.pub=thevintagenews.com&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2016%2F06%2F06%2Fgangster-al-capone-started-one-of-the-first-soup-kitchens-during-the-great-depression-for-the-unemployed-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAPONE-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAPONE_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPONE_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPONE_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPONE_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenberg1992" class="citation book cs1">Schoenberg, Robert L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7VAcMdddNkC&q=al+capone">Mr. Capone</a>. New York: William Morrow and Company. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0688128386" title="Special:BookSources/0688128386"><bdi>0688128386</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209031658/https://books.google.com/books?id=U7VAcMdddNkC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Capone&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0688128386&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU7VAcMdddNkC%26q%3Dal%2Bcapone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendley2010" class="citation book cs1">Hendley, Nate (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j30xKccCiDwC&q=naples">Al Capone: Chicago's King of Crime</a>. Five Rivers Chapmanry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0986642319" title="Special:BookSources/978-0986642319"><bdi>978-0986642319</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+Chicago%27s+King+of+Crime&rft.pub=Five+Rivers+Chapmanry&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0986642319&rft.aulast=Hendley&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj30xKccCiDwC%26q%3Dnaples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letrescimmiette.info/curiosita-domande-e-stranezze-ad-angri/item/853-angri-le-origini-angresi-di-al-capone.html">"Al Capone, il gangster americano piu' famoso del mondo era di origini angresi"</a>. letrescimmiette.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015202655/http://www.letrescimmiette.info/curiosita-domande-e-stranezze-ad-angri/item/853-angri-le-origini-angresi-di-al-capone.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=letrescimmiette.info&rft.atitle=Al+Capone%2C+il+gangster+americano+piu%27+famoso+del+mondo+era+di+origini+angresi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letrescimmiette.info%2Fcuriosita-domande-e-stranezze-ad-angri%2Fitem%2F853-angri-le-origini-angresi-di-al-capone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobler1971" class="citation book cs1">Kobler, John (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caponelifeworldo00kobl_0/page/23">Capone</a>. <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caponelifeworldo00kobl_0/page/23">23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0306804999" title="Special:BookSources/0306804999"><bdi>0306804999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capone&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0306804999&rft.aulast=Kobler&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaponelifeworldo00kobl_0%2Fpage%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzalai2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Szalai, László (November 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraf.rs/english/2250579-mysterious-adriatic-villa-it-holds-the-greatest-secrets-al-capone-was-hiding-his-mother-there">"Mysterious Adriatic Villa: It holds the greatest secrets, Al Capone was hiding his mother there"</a>. Telegraf.rs (in Serbian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914070030/https://www.telegraf.rs/english/2250579-mysterious-adriatic-villa-it-holds-the-greatest-secrets-al-capone-was-hiding-his-mother-there">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraf.rs&rft.atitle=Mysterious+Adriatic+Villa%3A+It+holds+the+greatest+secrets%2C+Al+Capone+was+hiding+his+mother+there&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.aulast=Szalai&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraf.rs%2Fenglish%2F2250579-mysterious-adriatic-villa-it-holds-the-greatest-secrets-al-capone-was-hiding-his-mother-there&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenberg1992" class="citation book cs1">Schoenberg, Robert J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe">Mr. Capone</a>. New York: William Morrow & Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe/page/98">98</a>–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0688089412" title="Special:BookSources/978-0688089412"><bdi>978-0688089412</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Capone&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=98-99&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0688089412&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmrcapone00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/arrest_21.html">Crime Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207064332/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/arrest_21.html">Archived</a> December 7, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography_Channel-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biography_Channel_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biography_Channel_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727215147/http://www.biography.com/notorious/crimefiles.do?action=view&profileId=262834&catId=259452">"Notorious Crime Files: Al Capone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">The Biography Channel</a>. Biography.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/notorious/crimefiles.do?catId=259452&action=view&profileId=262834">the original</a> on July 27, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Biography+Channel&rft.atitle=Notorious+Crime+Files%3A+Al+Capone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fnotorious%2Fcrimefiles.do%3FcatId%3D259452%26action%3Dview%26profileId%3D262834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Kobler, 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalsamini2020" class="citation web cs1">Balsamini, Dean (May 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2020/05/17/al-capone-played-semi-pro-baseball-before-turning-to-crime/">"Al Capone played semi-pro baseball in Brooklyn before turning to crime"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526175441/https://nypost.com/2020/05/17/al-capone-played-semi-pro-baseball-before-turning-to-crime/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Capone+played+semi-pro+baseball+in+Brooklyn+before+turning+to+crime&rft.date=2020-05-17&rft.aulast=Balsamini&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2020%2F05%2F17%2Fal-capone-played-semi-pro-baseball-before-turning-to-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Kobler, 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuciano_J._Iorizzo2003" class="citation book cs1">Luciano J. Iorizzo (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alcapone00luci">Al Capone: A Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alcapone00luci/page/26">26</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Luciano+J.+Iorizzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falcapone00luci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBair2016" class="citation book cs1">Bair, Deirdre (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WXJ_CwAAQBAJ&q=mae">Al Capone: His Life, Legacy, and Legend</a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385537162" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385537162"><bdi>978-0385537162</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162138/https://books.google.com/books?id=WXJ_CwAAQBAJ&q=mae">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+His+Life%2C+Legacy%2C+and+Legend&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0385537162&rft.aulast=Bair&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWXJ_CwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fivefamilies-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fivefamilies_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fivefamilies_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC">The Five Families</a>. MacMillan. 2014. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1429907989" title="Special:BookSources/978-1429907989"><bdi>978-1429907989</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430222535/https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Families&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1429907989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5nAt6N8iQnYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kobler36-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kobler36_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kobler36_17-1">b</a> Kobler, 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-LScarface-18"><a href="#cite_ref-LScarface_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardsley" class="citation web cs1">Bardsley, Marilyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104161021/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/scarface_4.html">"Scarface"</a>. Al Capone. Crime Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/scarface_4.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Capone&rft.atitle=Scarface&rft.aulast=Bardsley&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fgangsters_outlaws%2Fmob_bosses%2Fcapone%2Fscarface_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1940/03/28/archives/slasher-of-capone-seized-by-odwyer-galluccio-who-carved-scar-on.html">"Slasher of Capone Seized by O'Dwyer; Galluccio, Who Carved Scar on Racketeer's Face, Asked About Gang Murders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. March 28, 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162040/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/03/28/archives/slasher-of-capone-seized-by-odwyer-galluccio-who-carved-scar-on.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Slasher+of+Capone+Seized+by+O%27Dwyer%3B+Galluccio%2C+Who+Carved+Scar+on+Racketeer%27s+Face%2C+Asked+About+Gang+Murders&rft.date=1940-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1940%2F03%2F28%2Farchives%2Fslasher-of-capone-seized-by-odwyer-galluccio-who-carved-scar-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRJ_Parker2012" class="citation book cs1">RJ Parker (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqvZBQAAQBAJ&q=capone+galluccio+1918&pg=PT24">Top Cases of The FBI</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Cases+of+The+FBI&rft.date=2012&rft.au=RJ+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZqvZBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcapone%2Bgalluccio%2B1918%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id108.htm">"Origins of the Scars"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162059/http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id108.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Scars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myalcaponemuseum.com%2Fid108.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Kobler, 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> "Mobsters and Gangsters from Al Capone to Tony Soprano", <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> (2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Get Capone: The Secret Plot That Captured America's Most Wanted, by Jonathan Eig. p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHood2009" class="citation web cs1">Hood, Joel (April 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090405100727/http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/lifestyle/chi-talk-caponeapr02%2C0%2C5381253.story">"Capone home on the market – Chicago Tribune Archives"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/lifestyle/chi-talk-caponeapr02,0,5381253.story">the original</a> on April 5, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capone+home+on+the+market+%E2%80%93+Chicago+Tribune+Archives&rft.pub=Chicago+Tribune&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Ffeatures%2Flifestyle%2Fchi-talk-caponeapr02%2C0%2C5381253.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> "Gunman Killed by Gunman," Chicago Tribune, May 9, 1924. </li> <li id="cite_note-decade-27"><a href="#cite_ref-decade_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurchie1936" class="citation news cs1">Murchie, Guy Jr. (February 9, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012906/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7709144/chicago_tribune_19360209/">"Capone's Decade of Death"</a>. Chicago Daily Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7709144/chicago_tribune_19360209/">the original</a> on October 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Capone%27s+Decade+of+Death&rft.date=1936-02-09&rft.aulast=Murchie&rft.aufirst=Guy+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F7709144%2Fchicago_tribune_19360209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era, by J. Anne Funderburg p. 235 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardsley" class="citation web cs1">Bardsley, Marilyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531032517/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/chicago_5.html">"Chicago"</a>. Al Capone. Crime Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/chicago_5.html">the original</a> on May 31, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Capone&rft.atitle=Chicago&rft.aulast=Bardsley&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fgangsters_outlaws%2Fmob_bosses%2Fcapone%2Fchicago_5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Kobler, 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergreen1994" class="citation book cs1">Bergreen, Laurence (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caponemanera00berg">Capone: The Man and the Era</a>. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperbacks. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caponemanera00berg/page/131">131–132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684824475" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684824475"><bdi>978-0684824475</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capone%3A+The+Man+and+the+Era&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=131-132&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster+Paperbacks&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0684824475&rft.aulast=Bergreen&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaponemanera00berg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, pp. 134–135, 138 </li> <li id="cite_note-myalcaponemuseum.com-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-myalcaponemuseum.com_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-myalcaponemuseum.com_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id89.htm">"Hymie Weiss"</a>. Myalcaponemuseum.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203544/http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id89.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myalcaponemuseum.com&rft.atitle=Hymie+Weiss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myalcaponemuseum.com%2Fid89.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGervais2009" class="citation book cs1">Gervais, Marty (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FiZWrNjIPykC&q=al+capone+prohibition+smugglers+from+canada&pg=PA146">The Rumrunners: A Prohibition Scrapbook</a>. Bibilioasis. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0920668085" title="Special:BookSources/978-0920668085"><bdi>978-0920668085</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607163021/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FiZWrNjIPykC&pg=PA146">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rumrunners%3A+A+Prohibition+Scrapbook&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Bibilioasis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0920668085&rft.aulast=Gervais&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFiZWrNjIPykC%26q%3Dal%2Bcapone%2Bprohibition%2Bsmugglers%2Bfrom%2Bcanada%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hnqfDwAAQBAJ&q=Rocco+Perri+detroit+river&pg=PT147">The Leamington Italian Community: Ethnicity and Identity in Canada</a>. McGill-Queen's Press. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0773554696" title="Special:BookSources/978-0773554696"><bdi>978-0773554696</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104161841/https://books.google.com/books?id=hnqfDwAAQBAJ&q=Rocco+Perri+detroit+river&pg=PT147">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leamington+Italian+Community%3A+Ethnicity+and+Identity+in+Canada&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0773554696&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhnqfDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DRocco%2BPerri%2Bdetroit%2Briver%26pg%3DPT147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2019/How-a-Town-in-Quebec-Got-the-Nickname-Little-Chicago/">"How a Town in Quebec Got the Nickname 'Little Chicago'"</a>. Chicago Magazine. January 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607151524/http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2019/How-a-Town-in-Quebec-Got-the-Nickname-Little-Chicago/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020. <q>the gangster ran cross-border bootlegging operations and kept hideaways in the north.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+a+Town+in+Quebec+Got+the+Nickname+%27Little+Chicago%27&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagomag.com%2Fcity-life%2FJanuary-2019%2FHow-a-Town-in-Quebec-Got-the-Nickname-Little-Chicago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/fun-facts-and-urban-legends">"Fun facts and urban legends"</a>. rcmp-grc.gc.ca. December 17, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104161835/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/fun-facts-and-urban-legends">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fun+facts+and+urban+legends&rft.pub=rcmp-grc.gc.ca&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcmp-grc.gc.ca%2Fen%2Ffun-facts-and-urban-legends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Sifakis, Carl (1999), The Mafia Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., Checkmark Books, p. 362 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Russo, Gus, The Outfit, Bloomsbury (2001), pp. 39–40 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Disasters and Tragic Events, edited by Mitchell Newton-Matza p. 258 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-jazz-41"><a href="#cite_ref-jazz_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrothers2014" class="citation book cs1">Brothers, Thomas (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MDavAgAAQBAJ&q=capone">Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism</a>. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 226–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393065824" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393065824"><bdi>978-0393065824</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+Armstrong%3A+Master+of+Modernism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=226-227&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0393065824&rft.aulast=Brothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMDavAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcapone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-al-capone-cicero-election-johnny-torrio-per-0322-jm-20150319-story.html">"Al Capone's battle for Cicero included ballots and bullets"</a>. Chicago Tribune. March 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205120232/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-al-capone-cicero-election-johnny-torrio-per-0322-jm-20150319-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%27s+battle+for+Cicero+included+ballots+and+bullets&rft.pub=Chicago+Tribune&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fbreaking%2Fct-al-capone-cicero-election-johnny-torrio-per-0322-jm-20150319-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Russo, Gus, The Outfit, Bloomsbury (2001), p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/al-capones-couderay-wisconsin-hideout-home-for-sale-asking-price-26m/">"Al Capone's Couderay, Wisconsin Hideout Home for Sale; Asking Price $2.6M"</a>. CBS News. October 7, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212125601/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162-5369641-504083.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Al+Capone%27s+Couderay%2C+Wisconsin+Hideout+Home+for+Sale%3B+Asking+Price+%242.6M&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fal-capones-couderay-wisconsin-hideout-home-for-sale-asking-price-26m%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/10/08/wisconsin.capone.hideout.sold/index.html">"Reputed Capone hideout sold to Wisconsin bank"</a>. CNN. October 8, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719162225/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/10/08/wisconsin.capone.hideout.sold/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Reputed+Capone+hideout+sold+to+Wisconsin+bank&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FCRIME%2F10%2F08%2Fwisconsin.capone.hideout.sold%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/business/real-estate/gangster-al-capones-miami-mansion-sale-steal-8-5m-n26331">"Gangster Al Capone's Miami Mansion For Sale; a Steal at $8.5M"</a>. NBC News. February 10, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822070302/http://www.nbcnews.com/business/real-estate/gangster-al-capones-miami-mansion-sale-steal-8-5m-n26331">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gangster+Al+Capone%27s+Miami+Mansion+For+Sale%3B+a+Steal+at+%248.5M&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Freal-estate%2Fgangster-al-capones-miami-mansion-sale-steal-8-5m-n26331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keefe216-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe216_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe216_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe216_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe216_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keefe216_47-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeefe2005">Keefe 2005</a>, p. 216. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005135_48-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFEghigian2005">Eghigian 2005</a>, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136_49-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEghigian2005136_49-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFEghigian2005">Eghigian 2005</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-CT01051928-50"><a href="#cite_ref-CT01051928_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1928/01/05/page/3/article/gang-bullets-again-riddle-the-aiello-brothers-bakery">"Gang Bullets Again Riddle the Aiello Brothers Bakery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. January 5, 1928. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216053744/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1928/01/05/page/3/article/gang-bullets-again-riddle-the-aiello-brothers-bakery/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Gang+Bullets+Again+Riddle+the+Aiello+Brothers+Bakery&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1928-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1928%2F01%2F05%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fgang-bullets-again-riddle-the-aiello-brothers-bakery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sifakis5-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis5_51-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSifakis2005" class="citation book cs1">Sifakis, Carl (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0">The Mafia Encyclopedia</a> (3rd ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816056951" title="Special:BookSources/0816056951"><bdi>0816056951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mafia+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0816056951&rft.aulast=Sifakis&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyle111260-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyle111260_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyle111260_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyle1960" class="citation news cs1">Lyle, John H. (November 12, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/11/12/page/11/article/chicago-in-the-capone-era-a-city-in-chains">"Chicago in the Capone Era: a City in Chains"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216055847/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/11/12/page/11/article/chicago-in-the-capone-era-a-city-in-chains/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2014. 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Big Bill of Chicago. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. pp. 232–244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big+Bill+of+Chicago&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+IN&rft.pages=232-244&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Wendt&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft.au=Herman+Kogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayors-57"><a href="#cite_ref-mayors_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/795.html">"Mayors"</a>. Encyclopedia of Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101191619/http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/795.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mayors&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.chicagohistory.org%2Fpages%2F795.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/media_detail/S0987">"Big Bill Thompson"</a>. Encyclopedia of Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203020602/http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/media_detail/S0987/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Big+Bill+Thompson&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chicago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fkenburns%2Fprohibition%2Fmedia_detail%2FS0987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Sifakis, Carl, The Mafia Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., Checkmark Books (1999), pp. 291, 292 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Russo, Gus, The Outfit, Bloomsbury (2001), pp. 38, 39 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> The Evening Independent – January 12, 1931, AP, Career of Chicago bomb king halted by bullets </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> The Afro American – October 12, 1929, Chicago (ANP)Police Named in Granady Killing, </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> The Outfit: The Role Of Chicago's Underworld In The Shaping Of Modern America. Gus Russo </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/16/archives/capone-is-accused-of-many-murders-but-chicago-policy-decide.html">"Capone is Accused of Many Murders; But Chicago Policy Decide Statement by Wife of His 'Executioner' Is Myth. Yale Named as One Victim; Receipt of Letters Threatening Exposure of 'Scarface Al' as the Slayer of McSwiggin Denied"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. October 16, 1929. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123220510/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/16/archives/capone-is-accused-of-many-murders-but-chicago-policy-decide.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Capone+is+Accused+of+Many+Murders%3B+But+Chicago+Policy+Decide+Statement+by+Wife+of+His+%27Executioner%27+Is+Myth.+Yale+Named+as+One+Victim%3B+Receipt+of+Letters+Threatening+Exposure+of+%27Scarface+Al%27+as+the+Slayer+of+McSwiggin+Denied.&rft.date=1929-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F10%2F16%2Farchives%2Fcapone-is-accused-of-many-murders-but-chicago-policy-decide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-chicagodays-valentinesmassacre-story-story.html">"The St. Valentine's Day Massacre"</a>. Chicago Tribune. February 14, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126220921/https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-chicagodays-valentinesmassacre-story-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+St.+Valentine%27s+Day+Massacre&rft.pub=Chicago+Tribune&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnation-world%2Fchi-chicagodays-valentinesmassacre-story-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FiZWrNjIPykC&q=al+capone+prohibition+smugglers+from+canada&pg=PA146">Rumrunning and the Roaring Twenties: Prohibition on the Michigan-Ontario Waterway</a>. Wayne State University Press. 1995. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814325831" title="Special:BookSources/0814325831"><bdi>0814325831</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607163021/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FiZWrNjIPykC&pg=PA146">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumrunning+and+the+Roaring+Twenties%3A+Prohibition+on+the+Michigan-Ontario+Waterway&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0814325831&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFiZWrNjIPykC%26q%3Dal%2Bcapone%2Bprohibition%2Bsmugglers%2Bfrom%2Bcanada%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903184250/http://www.bugsmoran.net/northsiders/drucci.html">"George 'Bugs' Moran"</a>. Bugs Moran. 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Chicago Daily Tribune. February 15, 1929. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012633/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10609655/chicago_tribune/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Slay+doctor+in+massacre&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1929-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F10609655%2Fchicago_tribune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tklocty-70"><a href="#cite_ref-tklocty_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14735930/st_valentunes_day/">"Trace killers; lid on city"</a>. Chicago Daily Tribune. February 16, 1929. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012711/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14735930/st_valentunes_day/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017. 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Greenwood. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alcapone00luci/page/49">49</a>. <q>al capone baseball bat.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Iorizzo&rft.aufirst=Luciano+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falcapone00luci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBair2016" class="citation book cs1">Bair, Deirdre (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WXJ_CwAAQBAJ&q=al+capone+baseball+bat&pg=PT184">Al Capone: His Life, Legacy, and Legend</a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385537162" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385537162"><bdi>978-0385537162</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162043/https://books.google.com/books?id=WXJ_CwAAQBAJ&q=al+capone+baseball+bat&pg=PT184">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+His+Life%2C+Legacy%2C+and+Legend&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0385537162&rft.aulast=Bair&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWXJ_CwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal%2Bcapone%2Bbaseball%2Bbat%26pg%3DPT184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazelgrove2017" class="citation book cs1">Hazelgrove, William Elliott (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWMqDwAAQBAJ&q=al+capone+baseball+bat&pg=PA46">Al Capone and the 1933 World's Fair: The End of the Gangster Era in Chicago</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. pp. 46–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442272279" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442272279"><bdi>978-1442272279</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162045/https://books.google.com/books?id=PWMqDwAAQBAJ&q=al+capone+baseball+bat&pg=PA46">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone+and+the+1933+World%27s+Fair%3A+The+End+of+the+Gangster+Era+in+Chicago&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1442272279&rft.aulast=Hazelgrove&rft.aufirst=William+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWMqDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dal%2Bcapone%2Bbaseball%2Bbat%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins_&_Schwartz-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_&_Schwartz_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_&_Schwartz_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins_&_Schwartz_77-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsSchwartz2018" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Max Allan; Schwartz, A. Brad (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n38zDwAAQBAJ&q=scarface+and+the+untouchable">Scarface and the Untouchable: Al Capone, Eliot Ness, and the Battle for Chicago</a>. New York: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062441942" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062441942"><bdi>978-0062441942</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126061325/https://books.google.com/books?id=n38zDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=scarface%20and%20the%20untouchable">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scarface+and+the+Untouchable%3A+Al+Capone%2C+Eliot+Ness%2C+and+the+Battle+for+Chicago&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0062441942&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Max+Allan&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+A.+Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn38zDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dscarface%2Band%2Bthe%2Buntouchable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Critchley295-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Critchley295_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCritchley2008" class="citation book cs1">Critchley, David (September 15, 2008). The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931. 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Chicago. October 29, 1930. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216060953/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1930/10/29/page/8/article/3d-machine-gun-nest-is-found-in-aiello-killing/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=3d+%5Bsic%5D+Machine+Gun+Nest+is+Found+in+Aiello+Killing&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1930-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1930%2F10%2F29%2Fpage%2F8%2Farticle%2F3d-machine-gun-nest-is-found-in-aiello-killing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParr2005" class="citation book cs1">Parr, Amanda J. (2005). The True and Complete Story of Machine Gun Jack McGurn. <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>: Matador. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1905237138" title="Special:BookSources/1905237138"><bdi>1905237138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+True+and+Complete+Story+of+Machine+Gun+Jack+McGurn&rft.place=Leicester&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Matador&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1905237138&rft.aulast=Parr&rft.aufirst=Amanda+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyersNewton1936" class="citation book cs1">Myers, William S.; Newton, Walter H. (1936). The Hoover Administration: A Documented Narrative. New York: Charles H. Scribner. p. 376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hoover+Administration%3A+A+Documented+Narrative&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Charles+H.+Scribner&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft.au=Newton%2C+Walter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoover1952" class="citation book cs1">Hoover, Herbert (1952). The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933. 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Westport, CT: Praeger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Development+of+Federal+Crime+Control+Policy%3A+Herbert+Hoover%27s+Initiatives&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Calder&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbi-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fbi_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fbi_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/al-capone">"Al Capone"</a>. Federal Bureau of Investigation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303162952/https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/al-capone">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Capone&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fhistory%2Ffamous-cases%2Fal-capone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenberg1992" class="citation book cs1">Schoenberg, Robert J (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe/page/238">Mr Capone</a>. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe/page/238">238</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0688089410" title="Special:BookSources/0688089410"><bdi>0688089410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr+Capone&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=William+Morrow+and+Company%2C+Inc&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0688089410&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Robert+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmrcapone00robe%2Fpage%2F238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/05/28/defending-al-capone">"Defending Al Capone"</a>. The Marshall Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827003135/https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/05/28/defending-al-capone">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Marshall+Project&rft.atitle=Defending+Al+Capone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themarshallproject.org%2F2018%2F05%2F28%2Fdefending-al-capone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuisa_Yanez,_The_Miami_Herald2010" class="citation web cs1">Luisa Yanez, The Miami Herald (September 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183531/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-09-27/news/fl-al-capone-trial-20100927_1_gangster-al-capone-alphonse-capone-mock-trial">"Gangster Al Capone's 1930 trial to return to Miami court – Sun Sentinel"</a>. Articles.sun-sentinel.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-09-27/news/fl-al-capone-trial-20100927_1_gangster-al-capone-alphonse-capone-mock-trial">the original</a> on July 14, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gangster+Al+Capone%27s+1930+trial+to+return+to+Miami+court+%E2%80%93+Sun+Sentinel&rft.pub=Articles.sun-sentinel.com&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.au=Luisa+Yanez%2C+The+Miami+Herald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.sun-sentinel.com%2F2010-09-27%2Fnews%2Ffl-al-capone-trial-20100927_1_gangster-al-capone-alphonse-capone-mock-trial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Reading Eagle – September 17, 1930, Gang leaders face arrest, </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Al Capone: A Biography By Luciano J. Iorizzo pp. 62–63 </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> The Pittsburgh Press – February 27, 1931 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, p. 419 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/02/archives/informer-is-slain-by-chicago-gunmen-julius-rosenheim-in-police-pay.html">"Informer is Slain by Chicago Gunmen; Julius Rosenheim, in Police Pay 20 Years, Is Shot Down Near His Home. Revenge Believed Motive, Two Members of the Capone Gang Are Arrested and Bullets Will Be Compared. Men Kill Him and Flee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. February 2, 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128215706/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/02/archives/informer-is-slain-by-chicago-gunmen-julius-rosenheim-in-police-pay.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Informer+is+Slain+by+Chicago+Gunmen%3B+Julius+Rosenheim%2C+in+Police+Pay+20+Years%2C+Is+Shot+Down+Near+His+Home.+Revenge+Believed+Motive%2C+Two+Members+of+the+Capone+Gang+Are+Arrested+and+Bullets+Will+Be+Compared.+Men+Kill+Him+and+Flee.&rft.date=1930-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F02%2F02%2Farchives%2Finformer-is-slain-by-chicago-gunmen-julius-rosenheim-in-police-pay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryson2013" class="citation book cs1">Bryson, Bill (2013). One Summer, America, 1927. New York: Random House. pp. 116–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0375434327" title="Special:BookSources/978-0375434327"><bdi>978-0375434327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Summer%2C+America%2C+1927&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0375434327&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, p. 224 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Al Capone: Chicago's King of Crime, by Nate Hendley, p. 108 </li> <li id="cite_note-scarfacecrusaders-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scarfacecrusaders_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scarfacecrusaders_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scarfacecrusaders_97-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scarfacecrusaders_97-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scarfacecrusaders_97-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2010" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Dennis (2010). Scarface Al and the Crime Crusaders: Chicago's Private War Against Capone. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Press" title="Southern Illinois University Press">Southern Illinois University Press</a>. pp. 159–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809330041" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809330041"><bdi>978-0809330041</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scarface+Al+and+the+Crime+Crusaders%3A+Chicago%27s+Private+War+Against+Capone&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=159-164&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0809330041&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkrent2010" class="citation book cs1">Okrent, Daniel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastcal_okr_2010_00_9047">Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition</a>. New York: Scribner. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastcal_okr_2010_00_9047/page/136">136</a>, 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743277044" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743277044"><bdi>978-0743277044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Call%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Prohibition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=136%2C+345&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0743277044&rft.aulast=Okrent&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastcal_okr_2010_00_9047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id146.htm">"Al Capone's tax trial and downfall"</a>. Myalcaponemuseum.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811022004/http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id146.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%27s+tax+trial+and+downfall&rft.pub=Myalcaponemuseum.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myalcaponemuseum.com%2Fid146.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponeaccount.html">"Al Capone Trial (1931): An Account by Douglas O. Linder (2011)"</a>. Law2.umkc.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061348/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponeaccount.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Capone+Trial+%281931%29%3A+An+Account+by+Douglas+O.+Linder+%282011%29&rft.pub=Law2.umkc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fcapone%2Fcaponeaccount.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponechrono.html">Al Capone Trial: A Chronology</a> Daniel M. Porazzo. Retrieved June 30, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031183951/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponechrono.html">Archived</a> October 31, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iorizzo-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iorizzo_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iorizzo_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIorizzo2003" class="citation book cs1">Iorizzo, Luciano J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alcapone00luci">Al Capone: A Biography</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alcapone00luci/page/81">81</a>–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313323171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313323171"><bdi>978-0313323171</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Capone%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0313323171&rft.aulast=Iorizzo&rft.aufirst=Luciano+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falcapone00luci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-103"><a href="#cite_ref-brit_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Capone">"Al Capone – American criminal"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605201038/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Al-Capone">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Al+Capone+%E2%80%93+American+criminal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAl-Capone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctcvcapn-104"><a href="#cite_ref-ctcvcapn_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley1931" class="citation news cs1">Kinsley, Philip (October 19, 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14736139/capone_convicted/">"U.S. jury convicts Capone"</a>. Chicago Sunday Tribune. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065128/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14736139/capone_convicted/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sunday+Tribune&rft.atitle=U.S.+jury+convicts+Capone&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-10-19&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F14736139%2Fcapone_convicted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccotevsr-105"><a href="#cite_ref-ccotevsr_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kRpWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6214%2C983876">"Capone convicted of tax evasion"</a>. Spokesman-Review. (Washington). Associated Press. October 18, 1931. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162042/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kRpWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6214%2C983876">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Capone+convicted+of+tax+evasion&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DkRpWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6214%252C983876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-csenelv-106"><a href="#cite_ref-csenelv_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackler1931" class="citation news cs1">Hackler, Victor (October 24, 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kTdWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5020%2C6914884">"Capone sentenced 11 years, fined $50,000"</a>. Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162148/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kTdWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5020%2C6914884">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Capone+sentenced+11+years%2C+fined+%2450%2C000&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-10-24&rft.aulast=Hackler&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DkTdWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5020%252C6914884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpjlpnx-107"><a href="#cite_ref-cpjlpnx_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14342512/1931_10_24_capone_sentenced_front_page/">"Capone in jail; prison next"</a>. Chicago Sunday Tribune. October 25, 1931. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065305/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14342512/1931_10_24_capone_sentenced_front_page/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sunday+Tribune&rft.atitle=Capone+in+jail%3B+prison+next&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F14342512%2F1931_10_24_capone_sentenced_front_page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ckmappl-108"><a href="#cite_ref-ckmappl_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan1931" class="citation news cs1">Brennan, Ray (October 25, 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f5kRAAAAIBAJ&pg=2892%2C4301">"Capone kept until Monday for appeal"</a>. Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162048/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f5kRAAAAIBAJ&pg=2892%2C4301">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Capone+kept+until+Monday+for+appeal&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-10-25&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Df5kRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2892%252C4301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-court-109"><a href="#cite_ref-court_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721065913/http://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/home/CourtHouseVisitors.aspx">"Visitors to the Court-Historic Trials"</a>. US District Court-Northern District of Illinois. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/home/CourtHouseVisitors.aspx">the original</a> on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visitors+to+the+Court-Historic+Trials&rft.pub=US+District+Court-Northern+District+of+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilnd.uscourts.gov%2Fhome%2FCourtHouseVisitors.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinder" class="citation web cs1">Linder, Douglas O. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827060820/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponeverdict.html">"Selected Documents: Jury Verdict Form (October 17, 1931)"</a>. Al Capone Trial. University of Missouri–Kansas City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponeverdict.html">the original</a> on August 27, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Capone+Trial&rft.atitle=Selected+Documents%3A+Jury+Verdict+Form+%28October+17%2C+1931%29&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Douglas+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fcapone%2Fcaponeverdict.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, p. 484 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, pp. 486–487 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, p. 516 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergreen1994">Bergreen 1994</a>, pp. 511–514, 519–521 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19360624&id=otNHAAAAIBAJ&pg=3154,2776397">"Al Capone Knifed in Prison Tussle"</a>. The Free Lance-Star. June 24, 1936. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104162111/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19360624&id=otNHAAAAIBAJ&pg=3154%2C2776397">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Lance-Star&rft.atitle=Al+Capone+Knifed+in+Prison+Tussle&rft.date=1936-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1298%26dat%3D19360624%26id%3DotNHAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3154%2C2776397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellman2008" class="citation book cs1">Wellman, Gregory L. (2008). 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Retrieved April 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Al+Capone%27s+secret+song&rft.date=2009-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2FBreaking%252BNews%2FLifestyle%2FStory%2FSTIStory_364785.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkel2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Markel" title="Howard Markel">Markel, Howard</a> (January 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/infectious-disease-sprung-al-capone-alcatraz">"The infectious disease that sprung Al Capone from Alcatraz"</a>. 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Retrieved March 12, 2010. <q>Al Capone, ex-Chicago gangster and prohibition era crime leader, died in his home here tonight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Capone+Dead+At+48.+Dry+Era+Gang+Chief&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0117.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23230747/al_capones_body_is_returned_to_chicago/">"Al Capone's body is returned to Chicago in secrecy for burial, 1947"</a>. Leader-Telegram. 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Time Out Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141318/https://www.timeout.com/chicago/things-to-do/the-17-most-notorious-mobsters-from-chicago">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+Chicago&rft.atitle=The+17+most+notorious+mobsters+from+Chicago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fchicago%2Fthings-to-do%2Fthe-17-most-notorious-mobsters-from-chicago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEghigian2005" class="citation book cs1">Eghigian, Mars Jr. (2005). After Capone: The Life and World of Chicago Mob Boss Frank "The Enforcer" Nitti. Naperville, Ill.: Cumberland House Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1581824548" title="Special:BookSources/1581824548"><bdi>1581824548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Capone%3A+The+Life+and+World+of+Chicago+Mob+Boss+Frank+%22The+Enforcer%22+Nitti&rft.place=Naperville%2C+Ill.&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1581824548&rft.aulast=Eghigian&rft.aufirst=Mars+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefe2005" class="citation book cs1">Keefe, Rose (2005). The Man Who Got Away: The Bugs Moran Story: A Biography. <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>: Cumberland House Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1581824432" title="Special:BookSources/1581824432"><bdi>1581824432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Got+Away%3A+The+Bugs+Moran+Story%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1581824432&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Capone" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Bair, Deirdre (2016). Al Capone: His Life, Legacy and Legend. New York: Nan A. Talese. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385537155" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385537155">978-0385537155</a>.</li> <li>Binder, John J. (2017). Al Capone's Beer Wars: A Complete History of Organized Crime in Chicago During Prohibition. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1633882850" title="Special:BookSources/978-1633882850">978-1633882850</a>.</li> <li>Capeci, Dominic J. "Al Capone: Symbol of a Ballyhoo Society." Journal of Ethnic Studies 2.4 (1975): 33–46.</li> <li>Capone, Deirdre Marie (2010). Uncle Al Capone: The Untold Story from Inside His Family. Recap Publishing LLC. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0982845103" title="Special:BookSources/978-0982845103">978-0982845103</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins,_Max_Allan" class="mw-redirect" title="Collins, Max Allan">Collins, Max Allan</a>, and A. Brad Schwartz (2018). Scarface and the Untouchable: Al Capone, Eliot Ness, and the Battle for Chicago. New York: William Morrow. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062441942" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062441942">978-0062441942</a>.</li> <li>Helmer, William J. (2011). Al Capone and His American Boys: Memoirs of a Mobster's Wife. Bloomington, IN: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253356062" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253356062">978-0253356062</a>.</li> <li>Hoffman Dennis E. (1993). Scarface Al and the Crime Crusaders: Chicago's Private War Against Capone. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Press" title="Southern Illinois University Press">Southern Illinois University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809319251" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809319251">978-0809319251</a>.</li> <li>Kobler, John (2003). Capone: The Life and Times of Al Capone. New York: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0306812851" title="Special:BookSources/0306812851">0306812851</a>.</li> <li>MacDonald, Alan. Dead Famous: Al Capone and His Gang. Scholastic.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Michaels, Will (2016). "Al Capone in St. Petersburg, Florida" in Hidden History of St. Petersburg. Charleston, SC: The History Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1625858207" title="Special:BookSources/978-1625858207">978-1625858207</a>.</li> <li>Pasley, Fred D. (2004). Al Capone: The Biography of a Self-Made Man. Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1417908785" title="Special:BookSources/1417908785">1417908785</a>.</li> <li>Schoenberg, Robert J. (1992).Mr. Capone. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0688128386" title="Special:BookSources/0688128386">0688128386</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201174231/http://www.johnsonsdepot.com/chicago/chicago.htm">Little Chicago: Capone in Johnson City, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912111355/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/index_1.html">Al Capone</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Crime_Library" title="Crime Library">Crime Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0135330/">Al Capone</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80048#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Jim_Colosimo" title="Big Jim Colosimo">Big Jim Colosimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Torrio" title="Johnny Torrio">Johnny Torrio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Nitti" title="Frank Nitti">Frank Nitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ricca" title="Paul Ricca">Paul Ricca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Accardo" title="Tony Accardo">Tony Accardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Giancana" title="Sam Giancana">Sam Giancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Battaglia" title="Sam Battaglia">Sam Battaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Cerone" title="Jackie Cerone">Jackie Cerone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Alderisio" title="Felix Alderisio">Felix Alderisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Aiuppa" title="Joey Aiuppa">Joey Aiuppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carlisi" title="Samuel Carlisi">Samuel Carlisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_DiFronzo" title="John DiFronzo">John DiFronzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marcello" title="James Marcello">James Marcello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sarno" title="Michael Sarno">Michael Sarno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Andriacchi" title="Joseph Andriacchi">Joseph Andriacchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Basso" title="Dominick Basso">Dominick Basso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Belcastro" title="James Belcastro">James Belcastro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiore_Buccieri" title="Fiore Buccieri">Fiore Buccieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Buccieri" title="Frank Buccieri">Frank Buccieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Caifano" class="mw-redirect" title="John Caifano">John Caifano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capone" title="Frank Capone">Frank Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Capone" title="Ralph Capone">Ralph Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_T._Caruso" title="Frank T. Caruso">Frank T. Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Cortina" title="Dominic Cortina">Dominic Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daddano" class="mw-redirect" title="William Daddano">William Daddano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_D%27Amico" title="Marco D'Amico">Marco D'Amico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Anthony_DeStefano" title="Mario Anthony DeStefano">Mario Anthony DeStefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_DiFronzo" title="Peter DiFronzo">Peter DiFronzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ferriola" title="Joseph Ferriola">Joseph Ferriola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Giunta_(mobster)" title="Joseph Giunta (mobster)">Joseph Giunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_J._LaPietra" title="Angelo J. LaPietra">Angelo LaPietra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_LaPorte" title="Frankie LaPorte">Frankie LaPorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lombardo" title="Antonio Lombardo">Antonio Lombardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lombardo" title="Joseph Lombardo">Joseph Lombardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Marcy" title="Pat Marcy">Pat Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marino" title="Louis Marino">Louis Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McGurn" title="Jack McGurn">Jack McGurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McLain" title="James McLain">James McLain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicoletti" title="Charles Nicoletti">Charles Nicoletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocco_Pranno" title="Rocco Pranno">Rocco Pranno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Rio" title="Frank Rio">Frank Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scalise" title="John Scalise">John Scalise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Spilotro" title="Anthony Spilotro">Anthony Spilotro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spilotro" title="Michael Spilotro">Michael Spilotro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Tocco" title="Albert Tocco">Albert Tocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_%22Babe%22_Tuffanelli" title="George "Babe" Tuffanelli">George "Babe" Tuffanelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Aleman" title="Harry Aleman">Harry Aleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Alex" title="Gus Alex">Gus Alex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Blitzstein" title="Herbert Blitzstein">Herbert Blitzstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cain" title="Richard Cain">Richard Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cohen" title="Mickey Cohen">Mickey Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Corbitt" title="Michael J. Corbitt">Michael J. Corbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_DeStefano" title="Sam DeStefano">Sam DeStefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dauber" title="William Dauber">William Dauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dorfman" title="Allen Dorfman">Allen Dorfman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Genna" title="Angelo Genna">Angelo Genna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Genna" title="Mike Genna">Mike Genna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Genna" title="Tony Genna">Tony Genna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Guzik" title="Jake Guzik">Jake Guzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Hill" title="Virginia Hill">Virginia Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Humphreys" title="Murray Humphreys">Murray Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(gangster)" title="William Jackson (gangster)">William Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Larner" title="Hyman Larner">Hyman Larner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McErlane" title="Frank McErlane">Frank McErlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Saltis" title="Joseph Saltis">Joseph Saltis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugsy_Siegel" title="Bugsy Siegel">Bugsy Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_White_(gangster)" title="William White (gangster)">William White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Yale" title="Frankie Yale">Frankie Yale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Zuta" title="Jack Zuta">Jack Zuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Bioff" title="William Morris Bioff">William Morris Bioff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Calabrese" title="Nicholas Calabrese">Nicholas Calabrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooley_(lawyer)" title="Robert Cooley (lawyer)">Robert Cooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cullotta" title="Frank Cullotta">Frank Cullotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Eto" title="Ken Eto">Ken Eto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Patrick" title="Leonard Patrick">Leonard Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Rosenthal" title="Frank Rosenthal">Frank Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Scarpelli" title="Gerald Scarpelli">Gerald Scarpelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Family_Secrets" title="Operation Family Secrets">Operation Family Secrets</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Capone Tax Evasion Trial (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931) (Unofficial)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_and_Meyer_Mob" title="Bugs and Meyer Mob">Bugs and Meyer Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_crime_family" title="Cleveland crime family">Cleveland family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_crime_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver crime family">Denver family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Partnership" title="Detroit Partnership">Detroit Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty-Two_Gang" title="Forty-Two Gang">Forty-Two Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genna_crime_family" title="Genna crime family">Genna family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_crime_family" title="Kansas City crime family">Kansas City family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_crime_family" title="Los Angeles crime family">Los Angeles family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_crime_family" title="Milwaukee crime family">Milwaukee family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_crime_family" title="New Orleans crime family">New Orleans family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_crime_family" title="San Francisco crime family">San Francisco family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_crime_family" title="St. Louis crime family">St. Louis family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_National_Union" title="Italian-American National Union">Unione Siciliana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Aiello" title="Joe Aiello">Joe Aiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Side_Gang" title="North Side Gang">North Side Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol_prohibition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prohibition" title="Template talk:Prohibition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol_prohibition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition#Nordic_countries" title="Prohibition">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia / Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li>Australian prohibition referendums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_South_Wales_prohibition_referendum" title="1928 New South Wales prohibition referendum">New South Wales, 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">American Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Temperance_Society" title="American Temperance Society">American Temperance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Against_the_Prohibition_Amendment" title="Association Against the Prohibition Amendment">Association Against the Prohibition Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Act" title="Blaine Act">Blaine Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Prohibition" title="Bureau of Prohibition">Bureau of Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_option" title="Local option">Local option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher_Club" title="Molly Pitcher Club">Molly Pitcher Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_row" title="Rum row">Rum row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_prohibition_referendum,_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922">Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Scotland)_Act_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913">Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Committee_of_Lawyers" title="Voluntary Committee of Lawyers">Voluntary Committee of Lawyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb%E2%80%93Kenyon_Act" title="Webb–Kenyon Act">Webb–Kenyon Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickersham_Commission" title="Wickersham Commission">Wickersham Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis%E2%80%93Campbell_Act" title="Willis–Campbell Act">Willis–Campbell Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Meir_Allen" title="Martha Meir Allen">Martha Meir Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger" title="Harry J. Anslinger">Harry J. Anslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Barker" title="Thomas Holliday Barker">Thomas Holliday Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Beecher" title="Lyman Beecher">Lyman Beecher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Duffy" title="Mickey Duffy">Mickey Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxey_Gordon" title="Waxey Gordon">Waxey Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Guinan" title="Texas Guinan">Texas Guinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamer" title="Frank Hamer">Frank Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_N._Howard" title="Clinton N. Howard">Clinton N. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_L._Johnson" title="Enoch L. Johnson">Enoch L. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Richard_Lees" title="Frederic Richard Lees">Frederic Richard Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Maceo" title="Sam Maceo">Sam Maceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_Madden" title="Owney Madden">Owney Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Malins" title="Joseph Malins">Joseph Malins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(bootlegger)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McCoy (bootlegger)">William McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Nation" title="Carrie Nation">Carrie Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Olmstead" title="Roy Olmstead">Roy Olmstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_LaMontages_brothers" title="The LaMontages brothers">The LaMontages brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Gang" title="The Purple Gang">The Purple Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Remus" title="George Remus">George Remus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hyde_Russell" title="Howard Hyde Russell">Howard Hyde Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bywater_Smithies" title="Thomas Bywater Smithies">Thomas Bywater Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Thompson" title="Eliza Thompson">Eliza Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_Thompson" title="William Harvey Thompson">William Harvey Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Andrew Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Wheeler" title="Wayne Wheeler">Wayne Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzy_Einstein_and_Moe_Smith" title="Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith">Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Prohibition_Party_(UK)" title="National Prohibition Party (UK)">National Prohibition Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(miniseries)" title="Prohibition (miniseries)">Prohibition (2011 documentary miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Untouchables" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Untouchables" title="Template:The Untouchables"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Untouchables" title="Template talk:The Untouchables"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Untouchables" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Untouchables"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Untouchables" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Untouchables_(law_enforcement)" title="Untouchables (law enforcement)">The Untouchables</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Gardner" title="William Jennings Gardner">William Gardner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Nitti" title="Frank Nitti">Frank Nitti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Prohibition" title="Bureau of Prohibition">Bureau of Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Bureau of Internal Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Wilson" title="Frank J. Wilson">Frank J. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lincoln_Irey" title="Elmer Lincoln Irey">Elmer Lincoln Irey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Book</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(book)" title="The Untouchables (book)">The Untouchables</a> (1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Untouchables (1959 TV series)">The Untouchables</a> (1959 TV series) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Untouchables_(1959_TV_series)_episodes" title="List of The Untouchables (1959 TV series) episodes">episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scarface_Mob" title="The Scarface Mob">The Scarface Mob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(film)" title="The Untouchables (film)">The Untouchables</a> (1987 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(video_game)" title="The Untouchables (video game)">The Untouchables</a> (1989 video game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_(1993_TV_series)" title="The Untouchables (1993 TV series)">The Untouchables</a> (1993 series, <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Untouchables_(1993_TV_series)_episodes" title="List of The Untouchables (1993 TV series) episodes">episodes</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Untouchables_of_Elliot_Mouse" title="The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse">The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcatraz_Island" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcatraz_Island" title="Template:Alcatraz Island"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcatraz_Island" title="Template talk:Alcatraz Island"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcatraz_Island" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcatraz Island"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcatraz_Island" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island" title="Alcatraz Island">Alcatraz Island</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Alcatraz03182006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alcatraz03182006.jpg/600px-Alcatraz03182006.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alcatraz03182006.jpg/900px-Alcatraz03182006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alcatraz03182006.jpg/1200px-Alcatraz03182006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="624" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz Citadel">Fort Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_McPherson_(ship)" title="General McPherson (ship)">General McPherson (ship)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary" title="Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary">Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alcatraz" title="Battle of Alcatraz">Battle of Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1962_Alcatraz_escape" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1962 Alcatraz escape">June 1962 escape from Alcatraz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Alcatraz_(book)" title="Escape from Alcatraz (book)">book</a> · <a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Alcatraz_(film)" title="Escape from Alcatraz (film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Alcatraz" title="Occupation of Alcatraz">Occupation of Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island_in_popular_culture" title="Alcatraz Island in popular culture">Alcatraz Island in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Cellhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz Cellhouse">Main Cellhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Dining_Hall" title="Alcatraz Dining Hall">Dining Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Hospital" title="Alcatraz Hospital">Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Library" title="Alcatraz Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warden%27s_House_(Alcatraz_Island)" title="Warden's House (Alcatraz Island)">Warden's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_64" title="Building 64">Building 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Military_Chapel_(Bachelor_Quarters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Military Chapel (Bachelor Quarters)">Former Military Chapel (Bachelor Quarters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Hall_(Alcatraz)" title="Social Hall (Alcatraz)">Social Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Morgue" title="Alcatraz Morgue">Morgue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Industries_Building" title="New Industries Building">New Industries Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Industries_Building" title="Model Industries Building">Model Industries Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz Island Light">Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_House_(Alcatraz)" title="Power House (Alcatraz)">Power House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Water_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz Water Tower">Water Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Beach_(Alcatraz)" title="Baker Beach (Alcatraz)">Baker Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Alcatraz" title="Little Alcatraz">Little Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_Yard_(Alcatraz)" title="Recreation Yard (Alcatraz)">Recreation Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Wharf" title="Alcatraz Wharf">Wharf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alcatraz_Island_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Alcatraz Island features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inmates_of_Alcatraz_Federal_Penitentiary" title="List of inmates of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary">Inmates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alcatraz_escape_attempts" title="List of Alcatraz escape attempts">Escape attempts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alcatraz" title="Battle of Alcatraz">Battle of Alcatraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1962_Alcatraz_escape_attempt" title="June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt">June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fort commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McPherson" title="James B. McPherson">James B. McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stewart_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stewart (Alaska)">Joseph Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Winder" title="William A. Winder">William A. Winder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Johnston" title="James A. Johnston">James A. Johnston</a> (1934–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_B._Swope" title="Edwin B. Swope">Edwin B. Swope</a> (1948–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Madigan" title="Paul J. Madigan">Paul J. Madigan</a> (1955–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_G._Blackwell" title="Olin G. Blackwell">Olin G. Blackwell</a> (1961–1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate wardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_J._Shuttleworth" title="Cecil J. Shuttleworth">Cecil J. Shuttleworth</a> (1934–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Miller_(warden)" title="Edward J. Miller (warden)">Edward J. Miller</a> (1937–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Madigan" title="Paul J. Madigan">Paul J. Madigan</a> (1947–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_G._Blackwell" title="Olin G. Blackwell">Olin G. Blackwell</a> (1959–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Dollison" title="Arthur M. Dollison">Arthur M. Dollison</a> (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Willard" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard J. Willard">Richard J. Willard</a> (1962–1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable inmates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Bailey" title="Harvey Bailey">Harvey Bailey</a> ("The Dean of American Bank Robbers")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Banghart" title="Basil Banghart">Basil Banghart</a> ("The Owl")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barker" title="Arthur Barker">Arthur Barker</a> ("Doc")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bates_(criminal)" title="Albert Bates (criminal)">Albert L. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bowers" title="Joseph Bowers">Joseph Bowers</a> ("Dutch")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Bulger" title="Whitey Bulger">James Bulger</a> ("Whitey")</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al Capone</a> ("Scarface")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cohen" title="Mickey Cohen">Meyer Cohen</a> ("Mickey")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Cole_and_Ralph_Roe" title="Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe">Theodore Cole</a> ("Ted")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Coy" title="Bernard Coy">Bernard Coy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Cretzer" title="Joseph Paul Cretzer">Joseph Cretzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volney_Davis" title="Volney Davis">Volney Davis</a> ("Curley")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Allen_Farmer" title="Herbert Allen Farmer">Herbert Farmer</a> ("Deafy")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Franklin" title="Rufus Franklin">Rufus Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Giles" title="John K. Giles">John Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Ellsworth Raymond Johnson</a> ("Bumpy")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Karpis" title="Alvin Karpis">Alvin Francis Karpavicz</a> ("Creepy Karpis")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(gangster)" title="Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)">George Kelly Barnes</a> ("Machine Gun Kelly")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Limerick" title="Thomas R. Limerick">Thomas Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Lucas" title="James C. Lucas">James Lucas</a> ("Texas Bank Robber")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cancel_Miranda" title="Rafael Cancel Miranda">Rafael Cancel Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_McCain" title="Rufus McCain">Rufus McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufe_Persful" title="Rufe Persful">Rufe Persful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Cole_and_Ralph_Roe" title="Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe">Ralph Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Shockley" title="Sam Shockley">Sam Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stroud" title="Robert Stroud">Robert Stroud</a> ("Birdman of Alcatraz")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Young" title="Henri Young">Henri Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80048#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80048#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80048#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063199599">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69720987">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/36071/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdfphv8w783BqxBx3WjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118518984">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79058274">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951263k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951263k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620452">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40920216">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700276&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX876747">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p102636567">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1059598">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000416178&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000050472">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm1360x72p69kg0">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810580781405606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279720105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060902475606706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1449713">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118518984.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118518984">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027482626">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580795">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60296k1">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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