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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Writing and casting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_and_casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rehearsals_and_tryouts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rehearsals_and_tryouts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rehearsals and tryouts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rehearsals_and_tryouts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plot subsection</span> </button> 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1955 musical</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><i><span class="summary">Pipe Dream</span></i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Musical1955-PipeDream-OriginalPoster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Musical1955-PipeDream-OriginalPoster.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="221" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original Broadway poster (1955)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lyrics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Book_(musical_theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book (musical theatre)">Book</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oscar Hammerstein II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basis</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Thursday" title="Sweet Thursday">Sweet Thursday</a></i>, a novel by <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Productions</th><td class="infobox-data">1955 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Pipe Dream</b></i> is the seventh <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical</a> by the team of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>; it premiered on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> on November 30, 1955. The work is based on <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Thursday" title="Sweet Thursday">Sweet Thursday</a></i>—Steinbeck wrote the novel, a sequel to <i><a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(novel)" title="Cannery Row (novel)">Cannery Row</a></i>, in the hope of having it adapted into a musical. Set in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a>, the musical tells the story of the romance between Doc, a marine biologist, and Suzy, who in the novel is a prostitute; her profession is only alluded to in the stage work. <i>Pipe Dream</i> was not an outright flop but was a financial disaster for <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a>. </p><p>Broadway producers <a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> and Ernie Martin held the rights to <i>Sweet Thursday</i> and wanted <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> to compose a musical based on it. When Loesser proved unavailable, Feuer and Martin succeeded in interesting Rodgers and Hammerstein in the project. As Hammerstein adapted <i>Sweet Thursday</i>, he and Rodgers had concerns about featuring a prostitute as female lead and setting part of the musical in a bordello. They signed operatic diva <a href="/wiki/Helen_Traubel" title="Helen Traubel">Helen Traubel</a> to play Fauna, the <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">house madam</a>. </p><p>As the show progressed through tryouts, Hammerstein repeatedly revised it, obscuring Suzy's profession and the nature of Fauna's house. <i>Pipe Dream</i> met with negative reviews and rapidly closed once it had exhausted its advance sale. It had no national tour or London production and has rarely been presented since. No movie version of the show was made; the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization (which licenses their works) once hoped for a film version featuring <a href="/wiki/The_Muppets" title="The Muppets">the Muppets</a>, with Fauna played by <a href="/wiki/Miss_Piggy" title="Miss Piggy">Miss Piggy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cy_Feuer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cy_Feuer.jpg/220px-Cy_Feuer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cy_Feuer.jpg/330px-Cy_Feuer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cy_Feuer.jpg/440px-Cy_Feuer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Cy Feuer</figcaption></figure> <p>Following World War II, <a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_H._Martin" title="Ernest H. Martin">Ernie Martin</a> started producing musicals together. Feuer was the former head of the music department at low-budget <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>; Martin was a television executive. Having secured the rights to the farce <i><a href="/wiki/Charley%27s_Aunt" title="Charley's Aunt">Charley's Aunt</a></i>, they produced it as the musical comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_Charley%3F" title="Where's Charley?">Where's Charley?</a></i>, with a score by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a>. Among the backers of <i>Where's Charley?</i> were Rodgers and Hammerstein, which helped secure additional investment. The show was a hit and helped establish Feuer and Martin on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan228_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan228-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—they went on to produce <i><a href="/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls" title="Guys and Dolls">Guys and Dolls</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland227_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland227-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of <i>Guys and Dolls'</i>s success, Feuer and Martin were interested in adapting <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s 1945 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(novel)" title="Cannery Row (novel)">Cannery Row</a></i> into a musical. They felt that some of the characters, such as marine biologist Doc, would work well in a musical, but that many of the other characters would not. Steinbeck suggested that he write a sequel to <i>Cannery Row</i> that would feature the characters attractive to Feuer and Martin. Based on suggestions for the story line by Feuer and Martin, Steinbeck began to write <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Thursday" title="Sweet Thursday">Sweet Thursday</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan229_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan229-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cannery Row</i> is set in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a>, before World War II. In <i>Sweet Thursday</i>, Doc returns from the war to find <a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row" title="Cannery Row">Cannery Row</a> almost deserted and many of his colorful friends gone. Even his close friend Dora, who ran the Bear Flag Restaurant, a whorehouse, has died, and her sister Fauna has taken her place as madam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former social worker, Fauna teaches the girls how to set a table properly, hopeful they will marry wealthy men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin323_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin323-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doc's friends Mack (Mac in <i>Pipe Dream</i>) and Hazel (both men) are still around. They decide Doc's discontent is due to loneliness, and try to get him together with Suzy, a prostitute who has just arrived in Monterey. The two have a brief romance; disgusted by her life as a hooker, Suzy leaves the bawdy house and moves into an abandoned <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a>. She decides she cannot stay with Doc, but tells her friends that if Doc fell ill, she would care for him. The accommodating Hazel promptly breaks Doc's arm as he sleeps, bringing the two lovers back together. At the end, Doc and Suzy go off to <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a> to collect marine specimens together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, Feuer, Martin and Steinbeck intended the work to be composed by Loesser, but he was busy with a project which eventually became <i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Happy_Fella" title="The Most Happy Fella">The Most Happy Fella</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan229_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan229-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Loesser's refusal, Feuer and Martin approached Rodgers and Hammerstein with their project, then titled <i>The Bear Flag Café</i>. From the beginning, the prudish Hammerstein was uncomfortable with the setting, telling Feuer "We do family shows."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden168_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden168-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Hammerstein found himself attracted to the characters. Doc and Suzy were culturally mismatched but drawn to each other, with Doc rather moody and Suzy somewhat intense. Similar pairings had led to success, not only in the pair's <i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(musical)" title="Carousel (musical)">Carousel</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a></i>, but in Hammerstein's work before his collaboration with Rodgers, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Desert_Song" title="The Desert Song">The Desert Song</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rose-Marie" title="Rose-Marie">Rose-Marie</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden170_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden170-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During early 1953, Steinbeck sent Hammerstein early drafts of the novel. Rodgers was also concerned about the idea of having a prostitute be the female lead, but eventually gave in.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland227_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland227-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two agreed to write and produce the adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden169_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden169-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As they worked with Steinbeck, Rodgers and Hammerstein, though renowned for such hits as <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a></i>, <i>Carousel</i>, and <i>South Pacific</i>, suffered a relative failure with the 1953 musical <i><a href="/wiki/Me_and_Juliet" title="Me and Juliet">Me and Juliet</a></i>, a tale of romance among the cast and stagehands backstage at a musical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland223–224_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland223–224-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before agreeing to do the <i>Sweet Thursday</i> project, the duo had considered other projects for their next work together, such as an adaptation of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Trunk" title="Saratoga Trunk">Saratoga Trunk</a></i>. A proposal made by attorney <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> to adapt a series of works by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pagnol" title="Marcel Pagnol">Marcel Pagnol</a> to which Merrick held the stage rights fell through when the duo were not willing to have Merrick be an associate producer; Merrick took the project elsewhere, and it was developed into the hit <i><a href="/wiki/Fanny_(musical)" title="Fanny (musical)">Fanny</a></i>. Afterwards, Hammerstein stated, "Why the hell did we give up <i>Fanny</i>? What on earth were we trying to prove? My God, that's a great story and look at some of the junk we've done!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin322_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin322-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_and_casting">Writing and casting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writing and casting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a bearded, aging man in half profile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg/170px-John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg/255px-John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>John Steinbeck</figcaption></figure> <p>Steinbeck continued to write in late 1953 while Hammerstein and Rodgers went to London to produce the West End production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i>. As Hammerstein received new material from Steinbeck, he and Rodgers began to map out the musical, conceiving scenes and deciding where songs should be placed. On January 1, 1954, following the completion of Steinbeck's novel, Hammerstein began to write dialogue and lyrics. <i>Sweet Thursday</i> was published in early 1954 to mixed reviews. Steinbeck later commented, "Some of the critics are so concerned for my literary position that they can't read a book of mine without worrying where it will fit in my place in history. Who gives a damn?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan230-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, Rodgers and Hammerstein were busy producing <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">the film version of <i>Oklahoma!</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan230-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the part of bordello-keeper Fauna, the duo fixed on the famous diva, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Traubel" title="Helen Traubel">Helen Traubel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan231-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was precedent for such casting—former opera star <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Pinza" title="Ezio Pinza">Ezio Pinza</a> had starred as suave Frenchman Emile de Becque in <i>South Pacific</i>, and had received rave reviews for his performance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland179–189_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland179–189-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traubel, in addition to being well known for her <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagnerian roles</a>, was also noted for her nightclub singing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak297_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak297-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, the new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bing" title="Rudolf Bing">Rudolf Bing</a>, feeling that she was lowering the tone of the house, declined to renew her contract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hammerstein had seen Traubel at her first appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Copacabana_(nightclub)" title="Copacabana (nightclub)">Copacabana</a> nightclub in New York, and afterwards had gone backstage to predict to Traubel that she would be coming straight to Broadway. He saw her show again in Las Vegas several months later, and offered her the part.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin324_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin324-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When offered the role, Traubel eagerly accepted,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though she later noted that she had never represented herself as much of an actress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin325_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin325-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the beginning of the project, Feuer and Martin wanted <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (who was married to Oscar Hammerstein's stepdaughter <a href="/wiki/Susan_Blanchard_(socialite)" title="Susan Blanchard (socialite)">Susan Blanchard</a>) to play Doc. The actor put in months of lessons in an attempt to bring his voice up to standard. Fonda later stated that at the end of six months of singing lessons, he "still couldn't sing for shit".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan231-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his first audition for Rodgers, Fonda asked the composer for his honest view, and Rodgers stated, "I'm sorry, it would be a mistake."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan231-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cy Feuer remembered: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> So finally, after we go through all this, we turn [Fonda] over to Rodgers and Hammerstein and he's out. Oscar didn't want Fonda because Fonda was his son-in-law and besides Dick said, "I have to have singers," and he hires Helen Traubel to play the madam and she turns out to get top billing and Doc is now the second lead!<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan231-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The duo eventually settled for <a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Johnson (actor)">William Johnson</a>, who had played the male lead in a touring company of <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a></i>, which they had produced, to play the role of Doc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak219_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak219-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are conflicting accounts of who was the first choice for the role of the itinerant prostitute, Suzy. By some accounts, Rodgers and Hammerstein attempted to get <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a>. Andrews remembers auditioning for both men and being asked by Rodgers if she had been auditioning for other shows. When Andrews said she auditioned for a new musical <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a> had written based on <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Pygmalion_(play)" title="Pygmalion (play)">Pygmalion</a></i>, tentatively titled <i>My Lady Liza</i>, Rodgers responded "If they ask you to do that show, I think you should do it. If they don't, please let us know because we would love to use you." Andrews's role, as Eliza Doolittle in <i><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady" title="My Fair Lady">My Fair Lady</a></i>, would launch her to stardom. Another candidate was <a href="/wiki/Janet_Leigh" title="Janet Leigh">Janet Leigh</a>, whom Rodgers admired greatly, but the actress proved to be unavailable. The producers settled on <a href="/wiki/Judy_Tyler" title="Judy Tyler">Judy Tyler</a>, auditioned after Rodgers spotted her on television while watching <i><a href="/wiki/The_Howdy_Doody_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Howdy Doody Show">The Howdy Doody Show</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan232_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan232-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which she appeared as <a href="/wiki/Princess_Summerfall_Winterspring" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Summerfall Winterspring">Princess Summerfall Winterspring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To direct the play, the duo engaged <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clurman" title="Harold Clurman">Harold Clurman</a>, noted for his work in drama and one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Group_Theatre_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Theatre (New York)">Group Theatre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jo_Mielziner" title="Jo Mielziner">Jo Mielziner</a>, veteran of several Rodgers and Hammerstein productions, was the stage designer. In contrast to the complex staging of <i>Me and Juliet</i>, Mielziner's sets were uncomplicated, a system of house-frame outlines in front of backdrops representing Monterey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boris Runanin was the choreographer, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> provided orchestrations, and <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Dell%27Isola" title="Salvatore Dell'Isola">Salvatore Dell'Isola</a> conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak218-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two producers had hoped to hire the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Majestic Theatre (Broadway)">Majestic Theatre</a>, where <i>South Pacific</i> had run, but the writing process took too long, and the Majestic was lost to <i>Fanny</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, they booked the <a href="/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Shubert Theatre (Broadway)">Shubert Theatre</a>, in the top rank of Broadway theatres, but not as prestigious as the Majestic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uniquely for their joint work, they solicited no backers, but underwrote the entire cost themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan234-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feuer later said of the bargain he and Martin had made with Rodgers and Hammerstein, "And the deal was pretty good: 50 percent of the producers' end. And we thought, We're rich! And we turned it over to them and they destroyed it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan230-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rehearsals_and_tryouts">Rehearsals and tryouts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rehearsals and tryouts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammerstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Hammerstein in middle age, seated, wearing a suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/170px-Hammerstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/255px-Hammerstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/340px-Hammerstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Oscar Hammerstein II</figcaption></figure> <p>When rehearsals opened in September 1955, Rodgers assembled the cast and told them that he was going into the hospital for a minor operation. In fact, Rodgers had been diagnosed with cancer of the jawbone. He spent the weekend before the operation writing one final song for <i>Pipe Dream</i>. The surgery required removal of part of the jawbone and tongue, and some of the <a href="/wiki/Lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymph nodes">lymph nodes</a>. The operation took place on September 21, 1955; within ten days of the operation he was back in the theatre watching rehearsals, though for some time only as a spectator.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland229–230_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland229–230-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After rehearsals began, Steinbeck wrote to Hammerstein to express his delight at the adaptation. He became more dismayed as the play was slowly revised in rehearsal and during the tryouts. According to Traubel, the play was being "cleaned up ... as scene after scene became emasculated".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revisions made Suzy's profession less clear, and also fudged the nature of Fauna's house. One revision removed Suzy's police record for "vagrancy".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These changes were sparked by the fact that audience members at the tryouts in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a> and Boston were uncomfortable with the setting and Suzy's role;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak220-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the time the revisions were completed, the script could be read to say that Suzy was merely boarding at Fauna's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steinbeck noted this tendency on a page of dialogue changes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> "One of the most serious criticisms is the uncertainty of Suzy's position in the Bear Flag. It's either a whore house, or it isn't. Suzy either took a job there, or she didn't. The play doesn't give satisfaction here and it leaves an audience wondering. My position is that she took the job all right but she wasn't any good at it. In the book, Fauna explains that Suzy's no good as a hustler because she's got a streak of lady in her. I wish we could keep this thought because it explains a lot in a short time."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326–327_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326–327-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>In another memo, Steinbeck noted that the pathos of Suzy being a prostitute had given much of the dramatic tension to the scene in which Doc rejects Suzy, and later, her rejection of him. "I think if you will finally bring the theme of this play into the open, but wide open, you will have solved its great weakness and have raised it to a high level ... If this is not done, I can neither believe nor take <i>Pipe Dream</i> seriously."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin327_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin327-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the end, Suzy's activities at the Bear Flag were glossed over, as Hammerstein concentrated on her relationship with Doc. Alluding to Hammerstein's emphasis on the scene in which Suzy makes Doc soup after Hazel breaks his arm, Steinbeck stated, "You've turned my prostitute into a visiting nurse!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden174_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden174-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The action of the play is in the mid-1950s, and takes place on Cannery Row in Monterey, California. In the Steinbeck book which forms the basis for the musical, the Bear Flag is a bordello and Suzy a prostitute. This is alluded to in the musical, but never expressed outright. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Act 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doc_and_Hazel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Doc_and_Hazel.jpg/150px-Doc_and_Hazel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Doc_and_Hazel.jpg/225px-Doc_and_Hazel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Doc_and_Hazel.jpg/300px-Doc_and_Hazel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>William Johnson as Doc and Mike Kellin as Hazel, in Doc's lab</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early morning hours, marine biologist Doc is already at work in his one-man Western Biological Laboratory, getting an order of starfish ready to be shipped to a university. His unintelligent friend Hazel (a man) comes in to chat with him ("All Kinds of People"). Millicent, a wealthy young lady, enters from the next room, where she has been spending (part of) the night with Doc. Mac, another friend of Doc, brings in Suzy, who has injured her hand breaking a window to steal some donuts. Doc, whose lack of a medical degree does not stop the denizens of Cannery Row from seeking him out for treatment, bandages her hand, as the irritated Millicent leaves. Suzy, new in town, is curious about Doc's work ("The Tide Pool") and tells about her journey from San Francisco ("Everybody's Got a Home but Me"). Fauna, who runs the nearby Bear Flag Café—an establishment open even at this hour—had heard that a new girl in town had injured herself, and has come to talk to Suzy. Fauna is initially reluctant to invite Suzy into the Bear Flag, but when Jim, the local plainclothes cop gives Suzy a hard time, Fauna takes Suzy in. Suzy is fully aware of what kind of a place it is. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg/150px-All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg/225px-All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg/300px-All_at_once_you_love_her.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Suzy and Doc on their date. Jerry LaZarre is Esteban.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Palace Flophouse, where Mac, Hazel, and other locals reside, is a storage shed behind the Chinese store now owned by Joe the Mexican, and the Flophouse residents muse on their awkward path through life ("A Lopsided Bus"). Fauna comes by briefly to tell Hazel that she has run his "horror scope" and that he will one day be President. The Flophouse boys have a problem: Joe the Mexican acts unaware that he owns the shed; he has not appeared to either demand rent or to kick them out. They would like to know whether Joe is aware of his ownership, without tipping him off. The boys come up with the idea of raffling off their shed, with the raffle rigged so that Doc, who would not kick them out, will be the winner. The prize money will allow Doc to buy the microscope he needs for his scientific work. They sound out Joe about the scheme; he offers to sell tickets in his store and displays no awareness that he owns the shed. </p><p>Suzy and Doc are attracted to each other; she has in fact been quietly tidying his rooms while he is down at the tide pool catching specimens ("The Man I Used to Be"). Fauna tries to persuade Doc, who is very successful with the ladies, to woo Suzy. When Doc is dismissive, Fauna explains that she wants to get Suzy out of the Bear Flag when it is taken over for the night by a private party. Doc agrees to take Suzy out and treat her like a lady. Fauna goes back to the Bear Flag ("Sweet Thursday"), and works to give Suzy confidence ("Suzy is a Good Thing"). Doc and Suzy's date is the source of great interest to the people of Cannery Row. Both are nervous; Doc wears an unaccustomed necktie, while Suzy tries to act like a lady, but her polish wears thin at times. ("All At Once You Love Her"). At the end of the meal, they decide to continue the evening on a secluded sand dune. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Act 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happiest_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Happiest_house.jpg/150px-Happiest_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Happiest_house.jpg/225px-Happiest_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Happiest_house.jpg/300px-Happiest_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>Helen Traubel as Fauna and some of her "girls" in the Act 2 party scene</figcaption></figure> <p>The next morning, the girls of the Bear Flag are exhausted; the members of the private party wore them out. They wonder how Suzy's date with Doc went. Although it is only July, Fauna is busy ordering the Bear Flag's Christmas cards ("The Happiest House on the Block"). Suzy comes in and tells Fauna of the date; that Doc made no pass at her, and that Doc confided how lonely he is. She is convinced Doc "don't need nobody like me"; he needs a wife. Fauna is encouraging, but Suzy believes that Doc, knowing what he does of her history and work, will not want her. The Flophouse is to host a fancy dress party the following night, at which the raffle is to take place—Fauna proposes that at the party, Suzy sing "Will You Marry Me?" to Doc. Suzy is still nervous; Fauna reminds her that the previous night, Doc did not treat her like a tramp, and she did not act like one. As word spreads of the celebration, the community becomes enthusiastic about the get-together ("The Party That We're Gonna Have Tomorrow Night") </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyler_in_pipe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tyler_in_pipe.jpg/150px-Tyler_in_pipe.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tyler_in_pipe.jpg/225px-Tyler_in_pipe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tyler_in_pipe.jpg/300px-Tyler_in_pipe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Judy Tyler as Suzy in the disused boiler</figcaption></figure> <p>At the Flophouse, a wild celebration takes place. Fauna, at first in the costume of a witch, seems to transform her costume into that of a Fairy Godmother. After some sleight of hand with the tickets, Doc wins the raffle, to the surprise of some. When Suzy comes out in a white bride's dress and sings her lines, Doc is unimpressed, and Suzy is humiliated. As both stalk off in opposite directions, the party disintegrates into a brawl. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doc_with_flowers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Doc_with_flowers.jpg/150px-Doc_with_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Doc_with_flowers.jpg/225px-Doc_with_flowers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Doc_with_flowers.jpg/300px-Doc_with_flowers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Doc (Johnson) enters through the pipe to woo Suzy (Tyler)</figcaption></figure> <p>Suzy gets a job at a burger joint, and moves into an abandoned boiler, with entry through the attached pipe. Doc is unhappy, and Hazel decides something has to be done ("Thinkin' "). He is unable to come up with an answer, and eventually forgets the question. Some weeks pass, and Joe the Mexican woos Suzy. He has no success, and his attempts irritate Doc. The next day, Doc himself approaches the pipe with flowers in hand ("How Long?"), still uncertain as to why he is seeking a girl like Suzy. Suzy lets him in the boiler, which she has fitted up in a homelike manner. She is doing well at the burger joint, but is grateful to Fauna for giving her confidence. She is confident enough, indeed, to reject Doc, who is unhappy, but philosophical ("The Next Time It Happens"). </p><p>Hazel sees Doc even more dispirited than before, and asks Suzy for an explanation. Suzy says that she is not willing to go over and be with Doc, but "if he was sick or if he bust his leg or an arm or something", she would go to him and bring him soup. The wheels in Hazel's head begin unaccustomed turnings, and sometime later when Mac passes Hazel on the street, Mac is surprised to see his friend carrying a baseball bat. When the scene returns to Doc's lab, he is receiving treatment from a real doctor and trying to puzzle out how he broke his arm. Suzy comes in, and makes soup for him as Hazel and Mac take turns watching at the keyhole. Doc admits that he needs and loves Suzy, and they embrace. As Fauna and the girls arrive, so do the other Flophouse boys, and Mac gives Doc what was bought with the raffle money—the largest (tele)scope in the catalog. ("Finale") </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_numbers">Musical numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Musical numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Act I</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak218-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>All Kinds of People – Doc and Hazel</li> <li>The Tide Pool – Doc, Hazel, Mac and Suzy</li> <li>Everybody's Got a Home but Me – Suzy</li> <li>All Kinds of People (Reprise) – Jim Blaikey</li> <li>A Lopsided Bus – Mac, Hazel, Kitty, Sonya and chorus</li> <li>Bums' Opera – Fauna, Joe, Pancho and chorus</li> <li>The Man I Used to Be – Doc</li> <li>Sweet Thursday – Fauna</li> <li>Suzy Is a Good Thing – Fauna and Suzy</li> <li>All at Once You Love Her – Doc, Suzy and Esteban</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Act II</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak219_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak219-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Happiest House on the Block – Fauna and chorus girls</li> <li>The Party That We're Gonna Have Tomorrow Night – Mac and company</li> <li>Will You Marry Me – Suzy and Doc</li> <li>Thinkin' – Hazel</li> <li>All at Once You Love Her (Reprise) – Fauna</li> <li>How Long? – Fauna, Doc, and chorus</li> <li>The Next Time It Happens – Suzy and Doc</li> <li>Sweet Thursday (Reprise) – Entire company</li> <li>Finale – Entire company</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Productions">Productions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg/170px-Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg/255px-Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg/340px-Pipe_Dream_Playbill.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="7932" data-file-height="10788" /></a><figcaption>The front cover of <i>Pipe Dream</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">playbill</a> shows Traubel, Johnson, and Tyler in character.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Pipe Dream</i> premiered on Broadway on November 30, 1955, at the <a href="/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shubert Theatre (New York City)">Shubert Theatre</a>, with Helen Traubel as Fauna, William Johnson as Doc, Judy Tyler as Suzy, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Wallace" title="George D. Wallace">George D. Wallace</a> as Mac and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Kellin" title="Mike Kellin">Mike Kellin</a> as Hazel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak218-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show had received the largest advance ticket sale in Broadway history to that point, $1.2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin329-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Steinbeck's ill-feeling was removed on the second night, which he attended and then went backstage to greet the cast. After a celebratory dinner at <a href="/wiki/Sardi%27s" title="Sardi's">Sardi's</a> during which the manager sent champagne to his table, he said to his wife Elaine, "Isn't the theatre marvelous?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden177_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden177-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author held no grudge; he later told Hammerstein that he accepted that Rodgers and Hammerstein were ultimately responsible for the show and had the right to make changes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin329-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rodgers and Hammerstein had not permitted group sales, so-called "theatre parties" for their shows. They lifted the ban for <i>Pipe Dream</i>, and pre-sold theatre party sales helped keep the show going, as there were few sales after opening night given the dismal reviews. More than 70 performances were entirely sold to groups. In March 1956, in a final attempt to save the show, Rodgers and Hammerstein revised it somewhat, moving several musical numbers. Traubel missed a number of performances due to illness, and left when her contract expired a few weeks before the show closed in June 1956—she was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Andrews_(actress)" title="Nancy Andrews (actress)">Nancy Andrews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock245–246_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock245–246-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traubel's understudy, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kobart" title="Ruth Kobart">Ruth Kobart</a>, played 42 of the show's 245 performances.<sup id="cite_ref-moon_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pipe Dream</i> was nominated for nine <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>; it lost for best musical to the only other nominee, <i><a href="/wiki/Damn_Yankees" title="Damn Yankees">Damn Yankees</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock246-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Colt" title="Alvin Colt">Alvin Colt</a> was the sole winner, for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Tony Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak373_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak373-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson died of a heart attack within a year of <i>Pipe Dream'</i>s closing; Tyler died in an automobile accident during the same timespan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock246-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tragedies convinced Traubel that there was a curse attached to <i>Pipe Dream</i>, and she began carrying good-luck charms when she performed.<sup id="cite_ref-moon_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poor reviews of <i>Pipe Dream</i> made a national tour or London run impractical. Subsequent productions have been extremely rare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak220-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, a community theatre production of <i>Pipe Dream</i> was presented by the Conejo Players Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Oaks,_California" title="Thousand Oaks, California">Thousand Oaks, California</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles <i>Times</i></a> critic <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(critic)" title="Dan Sullivan (critic)">Dan Sullivan</a> admired the small-scale staging, but called the show "the emptiest musical that two geniuses ever wrote" and said of it, "imagine a song ['The Happiest House on the Block'] about a bawdyhouse which describes the goings-on there after midnight as 'friendly, foolish and gay'".<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995 and 2002, <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_Moon" title="42nd Street Moon">42nd Street Moon</a> presented it as a staged concert.<sup id="cite_ref-moon_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was presented in March–April 2012 by <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a> <a href="/wiki/Encores!" title="Encores!">Encores!</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20120329_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20120329-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also as a staged concert;<sup id="cite_ref-NYCC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the cast featured <a href="/wiki/Will_Chase" title="Will Chase">Will Chase</a> (Doc), <a href="/wiki/Laura_Osnes" title="Laura Osnes">Laura Osnes</a> (Suzy), <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Uggams" title="Leslie Uggams">Leslie Uggams</a> (Fauna), <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wallem" title="Stephen Wallem">Stephen Wallem</a> (Hazel) and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wopat" title="Tom Wopat">Tom Wopat</a> (Mac).<sup id="cite_ref-Gans_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gans-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July and August 2013 it was presented by London's small <a href="/wiki/Union_Theatre,_London" title="Union Theatre, London">Union Theatre</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Regan" title="Sasha Regan">Sasha Regan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sasha_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sasha-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sasha1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sasha1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No film version was contemplated in the authors' lifetimes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak220-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, which licenses the pair's works, proposed a film version with <a href="/wiki/The_Muppets" title="The Muppets">the Muppets</a>. Humans would play Doc and Suzy; Muppets would play the other roles—with <a href="/wiki/Miss_Piggy" title="Miss Piggy">Miss Piggy</a> as Fauna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden177_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden177-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_recordings">Music and recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music and recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodgers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Rodgers, in middle age, seated in a theatre, wearing a suit and holding a cigarette" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rodgers.jpg/170px-Rodgers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rodgers.jpg/255px-Rodgers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rodgers.jpg/340px-Rodgers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1426" /></a><figcaption>Richard Rodgers</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the poor reviews of the musical, Rodgers was given credit for an imaginative score. "Sweet Thursday" is a <a href="/wiki/Cakewalk" title="Cakewalk">cakewalk</a>, unusual for Rodgers who rarely wrote them. However, Rodgers biographer William Hyland suggests that "Sweet Thursday" was out of character for Traubel's voice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland231–232_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland231–232-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyland also speculates that "The Next Time It Happens", a duet for Suzy and Doc as they decide their love will not work, needed to be more melancholy, and Doc's "The Man I Used To Be" more of a lament rather than having a lively melody.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland232_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland232-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Broadway writer <a href="/wiki/Ken_Mandelbaum" title="Ken Mandelbaum">Ken Mandelbaum</a>, "<i>Pipe Dream</i> contains a generally fascinating score."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock246-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He terms Suzy's "Everybody's Got a Home but Me", a "gorgeous ballad of yearning".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock246-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During rehearsals and even during the run of the show, the music was repeatedly revised by Rodgers in an attempt to gear the songs to Traubel's voice. According to Bruce Pomahac of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, "as she began to get cold feet about what her New York fans would think about her as a <a href="/wiki/Belt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt (music)">belter</a>, the keys of each of her numbers edged upward."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomahac-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Traubel's numbers saw three different versions before being scrapped in favor of, according to Pomahac, "something that sounded like an excerpt from Traubel's Vegas act."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomahac-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "All At Once You Love Her" saw some popularity when recorded, during the run of the show, by <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>; in what Pomahac speculates was an attempt to appease Traubel, a reprise of the song was added for her, and provided "one of the loveliest moments in all of <i>Pipe Dream</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomahac-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Organization announced that a new vocal score would be published in 2012, though it has not appeared as of 2017—the existing score reflects revisions made when Nancy Andrews took over the part.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomahac-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pipe Dream</i>'s songs have been reused in other works. "The Man I Used to Be" and "The Next Time It Happens" were included in the 1996 stage version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's <a href="/wiki/State_Fair_(1945_film)" title="State Fair (1945 film)">1945 film</a> musical, <i><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_(musical)" title="State Fair (musical)">State Fair</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Willis_1998_p41_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willis_1998_p41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Next Time It Happens" was inserted in <a href="/wiki/David_Henry_Hwang" title="David Henry Hwang">David Henry Hwang</a>'s revised version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's later work, <i><a href="/wiki/Flower_Drum_Song" title="Flower Drum Song">Flower Drum Song</a></i>. Used during the show's 2001 Los Angeles run,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''149,_158_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''149,_158-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was cut before the show reached Broadway in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''176–178_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''176–178-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to David Lewis in his history of the Broadway musical, "The Rodgers and Hammerstein office has, it would appear, given up on <i>Pipe Dream</i> and [<i>Me and</i>] <i>Juliet</i> ever finding an audience ... so these songs are up for grabs."<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2002_p180_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2002_p180-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thomas Hischak, in his <i>The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia</i>, stated that the original cast album is well-produced, but many of the songs came across better when other artists recorded them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak220-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> suggested that the music had echoes of the duo's earlier works, giving it "a disappointing air of familiarity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> praised both Tyler and Johnson for their singing on the album, and while acknowledging that Traubel had difficulty making the transition from opera singer to Broadway belter, wrote that "for the most part, she makes the transfer amiably and effectively".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original cast recording was released on compact disc by RCA Victor Broadway in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A live album from the Encores! production starring Osnes and Chase was released on September 18, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandH_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandH-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadway_World_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadway_World-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suskin reviewed it highly favorably, calling the show "a fascinating musical on several counts, and one which displays the rich, vibrant sound of pure Rodgers & Hammerstein. The experience is carried over—perfectly so—to the cast album".<sup id="cite_ref-Suskin_web_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suskin_web-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_aftermath">Reception and aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R_and_H.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/R_and_H.jpg/220px-R_and_H.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/R_and_H.jpg/330px-R_and_H.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/R_and_H.jpg/440px-R_and_H.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3531" data-file-height="3349" /></a><figcaption>Rodgers (left) and Hammerstein</figcaption></figure> <p>The musical received moderate to poor reviews. <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> termed it "a pleasant, lazy romance ... Mr. Rodgers and Mr. Hammerstein in a minor key".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Chapman of the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a></i> stated, "Perhaps Hammerstein and Rodgers are too gentlemanly to be dealing with Steinbeck's sleazy and raffish denizens."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin329-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kerr" title="Walter Kerr">Walter Kerr</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">Herald Tribune</a></i> suggested, "Someone seems to have forgotten to bring along that gallon of good, red wine."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden174_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden174-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John McClain of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Journal-American" title="New York Journal-American">Journal-American</a></i> stated, "This is a far cry from the exalted talents of the team that produced <i>South Pacific</i>. They must be human, after all."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuskin555_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuskin555-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Billboard magazine echoed many reviewers in generally praising Rodgers's melodies and Hammerstein's lyrics, while criticizing the latter's libretto: "a cumbersome soporific."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steven Suskin, in his book chronicling Broadway opening night reviews, stated that <i>Pipe Dream</i> received one favorable review from the seven major New York critics, two mixed, and four unfavorable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuskin556_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuskin556-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis Kronenberger, in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, summed it up as "[p]roficient, professional, and disappointing."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammerstein213_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammerstein213-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Billy_Rose" title="Billy Rose">Billy Rose</a> said of <i>Pipe Dream</i>, "You know why Oscar shouldn't have written that? The guy has never been in a whorehouse in his life."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin328_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin328-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Publicly, Hammerstein accepted blame for himself and Rodgers, and stated that had the musical been produced by anyone else, "we'd say that these are producers we wouldn't like to work with again".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan234-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Cy Feuer, Hammerstein privately blamed him and Martin, telling them, "We believed your pitch and we went and did something we were never cut out to do and we should never have done it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan234-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i> ranked <i>Pipe Dream</i> as #1 among the all-time Broadway flops.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to author Frederick Nolan, who chronicled the works of Rodgers and Hammerstein, <i>Pipe Dream</i> "cost them a fortune".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan234-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rodgers later stated it was the only one of their works he truly disliked; that if you start with a bad idea, everything is marred by that: "We shouldn't have been dealing with prostitutes and tramps."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland232_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland232-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rodgers also blamed the casting of Traubel, whom he considered wrong for the part. Hammerstein's grandson, Oscar A. Hammerstein, in his book about his family, agreed with Rodgers's view of Traubel—"too much <a href="/wiki/Brunhilde" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunhilde">Brunhilde</a>, [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] not enough Miss Kitty [the barkeeper on <i><a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a></i>]".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammerstein214_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammerstein214-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elder Hammerstein's biographer, Hugh Fordin, tied the failure of the play to the lyricist's prudery: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><i>South Pacific</i>, <i>Carousel</i> and [Hammerstein work] <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones" title="Carmen Jones">Carmen Jones</a></i> have stories that rest on the power of sexual attraction. As long as the sexuality was implicit, Oscar could treat it with the same understanding that he brought to other aspects of human behavior ... His problem was with dealing openly with sexual material; because of this reticence, <i>Pipe Dream</i> was not what it might have been.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin329-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_Broadway_production">Original Broadway production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Original Broadway production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="5%">Year </th> <th width="15%">Award </th> <th width="45%">Category </th> <th width="20%">Nominee </th> <th width="10%">Result </th> <th width="5%">Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" align="center">1956 </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Musical">Best Musical</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td rowspan="9" align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak337_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak337-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Leading_Actor_in_a_Musical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical">Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Johnson (actor)">William Johnson</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Featured_Actor_in_a_Musical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical">Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kellin" title="Mike Kellin">Mike Kellin</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Featured_Actress_in_a_Musical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical">Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judy_Tyler" title="Judy Tyler">Judy Tyler</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Best Direction of a Musical</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Clurman" title="Harold Clurman">Harold Clurman</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Tony Award for Best Choreography">Best Choreography</a> </td> <td>Boris Runanin </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Conductor_and_Musical_Director" title="Tony Award for Best Conductor and Musical Director">Best Conductor and Musical Director</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Dell%27Isola" title="Salvatore Dell'Isola">Salvatore Dell'Isola</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Scenic_Design" title="Tony Award for Best Scenic Design">Best Scenic Design</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jo_Mielziner" title="Jo Mielziner">Jo Mielziner</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Tony Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Colt" title="Alvin Colt">Alvin Colt</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(film)" title="Cannery Row (film)">Cannery Row</a></i>, 1982 movie based on the books <i>Cannery Row</i> and <i>Sweet Thursday</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan228-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan228_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland227-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland227_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland227_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan229-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan229_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan229_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland228–229_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, pp. 228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin323-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin323_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden168-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden168_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden170-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden170_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden169-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden169_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland223–224-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland223–224_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, pp. 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin322-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin322_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan230-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan230_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan231-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan231_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland179–189-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland179–189_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, pp. 179–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak297-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak297_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin324-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin324_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin325-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin325_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak219-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak219_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak219_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan232-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan232_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden172–173_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak218-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak218_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan234-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan234_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNolan">Nolan</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland229–230-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland229–230_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, pp. 229–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak220-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak220_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin326–327-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin326–327_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, pp. 326–327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin327-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin327_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden174-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden174_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden174_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin329-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin329_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordden177-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden177_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMordden177_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMordden">Mordden</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock245–246-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock245–246_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlock">Block</a>, pp. 245–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moon-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moon_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moon_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moon_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.42ndstmoon.com/Schedule/pipedream2002.html"><i>Pipe Dream</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928221508/http://www.42ndstmoon.com/Schedule/pipedream2002.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_Moon" title="42nd Street Moon">42nd Street Moon</a>. Retrieved on February 2, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlock246-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlock246_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlock">Block</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak373-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak373_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Sullivan, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130201073835/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/659487972.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=::ABS:AI:CITE:PAGE&type=historic&date=Apr+30,+1981&author=DAN+SULLIVAN&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1923-Current+File)&desc='PIPE+DREAM'+LIGHTS+UP+CONEJO+STAGE"><i>Pipe Dream</i> lights up Conejo stage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles <i>Times</i></a>, April 30, 1981, Section VI, p. 4. Retrieved on February 14, 2011. Fee for article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20120329-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20120329_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIsherwood2012" class="citation news cs1">Isherwood, Charles (March 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/30/theater/reviews/pipe-dream-from-rodgers-and-hammerstein-at-encores.html">"Wholesome Songsmiths Visit Steinbeck's Brothel - 'Pipe Dream,' From Rodgers and Hammerstein, at Encores!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wholesome+Songsmiths+Visit+Steinbeck%27s+Brothel+-+%27Pipe+Dream%2C%27+From+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein%2C+at+Encores%21&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.aulast=Isherwood&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F30%2Ftheater%2Freviews%2Fpipe-dream-from-rodgers-and-hammerstein-at-encores.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCC-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYCC_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycitycenter.org/tickets/productionNew.aspx?performanceNumber=5965">Pipe Dream</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a>. Retrieved on March 4, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gans-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gans_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Gans, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/news/article/159822-Tony-Winner-Leslie-Uggams-Joins-Cast-of-City-Center-Encores-Pipe-Dream">"Tony Winner Leslie Uggams Joins Cast of City Center Encores! 'Pipe Dream' "</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219002112/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/159822-Tony-Winner-Leslie-Uggams-Joins-Cast-of-City-Center-Encores-Pipe-Dream">Archived</a> 2012-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, February 16, 2012, Retrieved on March 4, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sasha-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sasha_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniontheatre.biz/#/pipe-dream/4577388913"><i>Pipe Dream</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Union_Theatre,_London" title="Union Theatre, London">Union Theatre, London</a>. Retrieved on August 8, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sasha1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sasha1_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniontheatre.biz/#/more-pipe-dream-info/4578610695"><i>More Pipe Dream Info</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Union_Theatre,_London" title="Union Theatre, London">Union Theatre, London</a>. Retrieved on August 8, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland231–232-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland231–232_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, pp. 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHyland232-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland232_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHyland232_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHyland">Hyland</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomahac-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomahac_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomahac">Pomahac</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willis_1998_p41-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willis_1998_p41_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFWillis">Willis</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXB9YVdGK1YC&pg=PA41">41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''149,_158-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''149,_158_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis,_Flower_Drum_Songs">Lewis, <i>Flower Drum Songs</i></a>, pp. 149, 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''176–178-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis,_''Flower_Drum_Songs''176–178_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis,_Flower_Drum_Songs">Lewis, <i>Flower Drum Songs</i></a>, pp. 176–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_2002_p180-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_2002_p180_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFLewis">Lewis</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfWyQ39xk0wC&pg=PA180">180</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson">Wilson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalf-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalf_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMetcalf">Metcalf</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERandH-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandH_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRandH">RandH</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadway_World-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadway_World_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadway_World">Broadway World</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suskin_web-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suskin_web_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Suskin, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/features/article/170354-ON-THE-RECORD-Rodgers-amp-Hammerstein39s-Pipe-Dream-From-Encores-and-Laura-Osnes-Live">On the record: Rodgers & Hammerstein's <i>Pope Dream</i> from Encores and Laura Osnes Live</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605081826/http://www.playbill.com/features/article/170354-ON-THE-RECORD-Rodgers-amp-Hammerstein39s-Pipe-Dream-From-Encores-and-Laura-Osnes-Live">Archived</a> 2013-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Playbill.com, September 23, 2012, Retrieved on June 20, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson">Atkinson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuskin555-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuskin555_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuskin">Suskin</a>, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis, Bob. "R&H Fill Their 'Pipe' with Week Tobacco." Billboard, 10 December 1955, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuskin556-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuskin556_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuskin">Suskin</a>, p. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammerstein213-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammerstein213_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHammerstein">Hammerstein</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFordin328-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFordin328_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordin">Fordin</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes" class="citation web cs1">Rhodes, Jesse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/broadways-top-ten-musical-flops-169390390/">"Broadway's Top Ten Musical Flops"</a>. <i>smithsonianmag.com</i>. Smithsonian Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=smithsonianmag.com&rft.atitle=Broadway%E2%80%99s+Top+Ten+Musical+Flops&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fbroadways-top-ten-musical-flops-169390390%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammerstein214-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammerstein214_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHammerstein">Hammerstein</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHischak337-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHischak337_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHischak">Hischak</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlock" class="citation book cs1">Block, Geoffrey, ed. (2006) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLxEdG6HJ9sC"><i>The Richard Rodgers Reader</i></a> (reprint, illustrated ed.). New York: Oxford University Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531343-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531343-7"><bdi>978-0-19-531343-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Richard+Rodgers+Reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=reprint%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-531343-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQLxEdG6HJ9sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordin" class="citation book cs1">Fordin, Hugh (1995) [1977]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZ1T0wGeTbYC"><i>Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II</i></a> (illustrated, reprint of 1986 ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80668-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80668-1"><bdi>978-0-306-80668-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+to+Know+Him%3A+A+Biography+of+Oscar+Hammerstein+II&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint+of+1986&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80668-1&rft.aulast=Fordin&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZ1T0wGeTbYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammerstein" class="citation book cs1">Hammerstein, Oscar Andrew (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hammersteinsmusi5thhamm"><i>The Hammersteins: A Musical Theatre Family</i></a></span> (illustrated ed.). New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-846-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-846-3"><bdi>978-1-57912-846-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hammersteins%3A+A+Musical+Theatre+Family&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-57912-846-3&rft.aulast=Hammerstein&rft.aufirst=Oscar+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhammersteinsmusi5thhamm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHischak" class="citation book cs1">Hischak, Thomas S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CsbEP_Mu50EC"><i>The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34140-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34140-3"><bdi>978-0-313-34140-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34140-3&rft.aulast=Hischak&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCsbEP_Mu50EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyland" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_G._Hyland" title="William G. Hyland">Hyland, William G.</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardrodgers00hyla"><i>Richard Rodgers</i></a></span> (illustrated ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07115-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07115-3"><bdi>978-0-300-07115-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Rodgers&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07115-3&rft.aulast=Hyland&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardrodgers00hyla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfWyQ39xk0wC"><i>Broadway Musicals: A Hundred Year History</i></a>. Ned Miller (Composer) "Sunday" (illustrated ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1269-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1269-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-1269-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadway+Musicals%3A+A+Hundred+Year+History&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.series=Ned+Miller+%28Composer%29+%22Sunday%22&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1269-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBfWyQ39xk0wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_Flower_Drum_Songs" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nSwUAQAAIAAJ"><i>Flower Drum Songs: The Story of Two Musicals</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2246-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2246-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-2246-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flower+Drum+Songs%3A+The+Story+of+Two+Musicals&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+N.C.&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=McFarland+and+Co.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2246-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnSwUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariska2004" class="citation book cs1">Mariska, Bradley (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/1456/1/umi-umd-1570.pdf"><i>"Who Expects a Miracle to Happen Every Day?": Rediscovering Me and Juliet and Pipe Dream, The Forgotten Musicals of Rodgers and Hammerstein</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (thesis ed.). College Park, MD: University of Maryland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Who+Expects+a+Miracle+to+Happen+Every+Day%3F%22%3A+Rediscovering+Me+and+Juliet+and+Pipe+Dream%2C+The+Forgotten+Musicals+of+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein&rft.place=College+Park%2C+MD&rft.edition=thesis&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mariska&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrum.lib.umd.edu%2Fbitstream%2F1903%2F1456%2F1%2Fumi-umd-1570.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMordden" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Mordden" title="Ethan Mordden">Mordden, Ethan</a> (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rodgershammerste00mord"><i>Rodgers & Hammerstein</i></a></span> (illustrated ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-1567-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-1567-1"><bdi>978-0-8109-1567-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rodgers+%26+Hammerstein&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-1567-1&rft.aulast=Mordden&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frodgershammerste00mord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Nolan_(writer)" title="Frederick Nolan (writer)">Nolan, Frederick</a> (2002) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMvjDWEBnRoC"><i>The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein</i></a> (reprint ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55783-473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55783-473-7"><bdi>978-1-55783-473-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sound+of+Their+Music%3A+The+Story+of+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Applause+Theatre+and+Cinema+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-55783-473-7&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMvjDWEBnRoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuskin" class="citation book cs1">Suskin, Steven (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GAkJAQAAMAAJ"><i>Opening Night on Broadway</i></a>. New York: Schirmer Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-872625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-872625-0"><bdi>978-0-02-872625-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+Night+on+Broadway&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-02-872625-0&rft.aulast=Suskin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGAkJAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis" class="citation book cs1">Willis, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXB9YVdGK1YC"><i>Theatre World 1995–1996</i></a>. New York: Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55783-323-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55783-323-5"><bdi>978-1-55783-323-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatre+World+1995%E2%80%931996&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55783-323-5&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXB9YVdGK1YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Articles and webpages</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Atkinson, Brooks</a> (December 1, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10611FA3D59177B93CBAB178ED85F478585F9">"Theatre: Rodgers and Hammerstein; 'Pipe Dream' Is Based on Steinbeck Novel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 44<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Theatre%3A+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein%3B+%27Pipe+Dream%27+Is+Based+on+Steinbeck+Novel&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1955-12-01&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Brooks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10611FA3D59177B93CBAB178ED85F478585F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf" class="citation news cs1">Metcalf, Steve (February 7, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130104103044/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/80172190.html?dids=80172190:80172190&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+07,+1993&author=STEVE+METCALF;+Courant+Music+Critic&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Torrent+of+CD+releases+showcases+Broadway+classics+and+obscurities+Fans+of+musicals+snapping+up+bonanza+of+reissues+on+CD+Broadway's+real+boom&pqatl=google">"Torrent of CD releases showcases Broadway classics and obscurities"</a>. <i>Hartford Courant</i>. p. G1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/80172190.html?dids=80172190:80172190&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+07%2C+1993&author=STEVE+METCALF%3B+Courant+Music+Critic&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Torrent+of+CD+releases+showcases+Broadway+classics+and+obscurities+Fans+of+musicals+snapping+up+bonanza+of+reissues+on+CD+Broadway%27s+real+boom&pqatl=google">the original</a> on January 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=Torrent+of+CD+releases+showcases+Broadway+classics+and+obscurities&rft.pages=G1&rft.date=1993-02-07&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fcourant%2Faccess%2F80172190.html%3Fdids%3D80172190%3A80172190%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DFeb%2B07%252C%2B1993%26author%3DSTEVE%2BMETCALF%253B%2BCourant%2BMusic%2BCritic%26pub%3DHartford%2BCourant%26desc%3DTorrent%2Bof%2BCD%2Breleases%2Bshowcases%2BBroadway%2Bclassics%2Band%2Bobscurities%2BFans%2Bof%2Bmusicals%2Bsnapping%2Bup%2Bbonanza%2Bof%2Breissues%2Bon%2BCD%2BBroadway%2527s%2Breal%2Bboom%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomahac" class="citation web cs1">Pomahac, Bruce (January 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnh.com/blog/2011/01/restoring-musical-classics-3">"Restoring musical classics—Part 3, <i>Pipe Dream</i>"</a>. Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, The<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restoring+musical+classics%E2%80%94Part+3%2C+Pipe+Dream&rft.pub=Rodgers+%26+Hammerstein+Organization%2C+The&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft.aulast=Pomahac&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnh.com%2Fblog%2F2011%2F01%2Frestoring-musical-classics-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Wilson_(music_critic)" title="John S. Wilson (music critic)">Wilson, John S.</a> (February 5, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40714F83A55177B93C7A91789D85F428585F9">"Jerome Kern film classics on disks; Two Volumes of Late Master's Music — Some Rodgers and Hammerstein Hits Melodic Spotlight Newer Singer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 131, Arts & Leisure<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jerome+Kern+film+classics+on+disks%3B+Two+Volumes+of+Late+Master%27s+Music+%E2%80%94+Some+Rodgers+and+Hammerstein+Hits+Melodic+Spotlight+Newer+Singer&rft.pages=131%2C+Arts+%26+Leisure&rft.date=1956-02-05&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF40714F83A55177B93C7A91789D85F428585F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadway_World" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://broadwayworld.com/article/Encores-PIPE-DREAM-Album-Gets-918-Release-20120807">"<i>Encores!</i> <i>Pipe Dream</i> album gets 9/18 release!"</a>. Broadway World. August 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encores%21+Pipe+Dream+album+gets+9%2F18+release%21&rft.pub=Broadway+World&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbroadwayworld.com%2Farticle%2FEncores-PIPE-DREAM-Album-Gets-918-Release-20120807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandH" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnh.com/news/1047/RODGERS-%26-HAMMERSTEINS-PIPE-DREAM-TO-GET-NEW-LIVE-RECORDING!">"Rodgers & Hammerstein's <i>Pipe Dream</i> to get new live recording!"</a>. Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, The. March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rodgers+%26+Hammerstein%27s+Pipe+Dream+to+get+new+live+recording%21&rft.pub=Rodgers+%26+Hammerstein+Organization%2C+The&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnh.com%2Fnews%2F1047%2FRODGERS-%2526-HAMMERSTEINS-PIPE-DREAM-TO-GET-NEW-LIVE-RECORDING%21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APipe+Dream+%28musical%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipe_Dream_(musical)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="/wiki/Template:Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Template:Rodgers and Hammerstein"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Template talk:Rodgers and Hammerstein"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rodgers and Hammerstein"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(musical)" title="Carousel (musical)">Carousel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(musical)" title="Allegro (musical)">Allegro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(musical)" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Me_and_Juliet" title="Me and Juliet">Me and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pipe Dream</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flower_Drum_Song" title="Flower Drum Song">Flower Drum Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music" title="The Sound of Music">The Sound of Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Grand_Night_for_Singing" title="A Grand Night for Singing">A Grand Night for Singing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_(musical)" title="State Fair (musical)">State Fair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_%2B_Hammerstein%27s_Cinderella_(Beane_musical)" title="Rodgers + Hammerstein's Cinderella (Beane musical)">Cinderella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Remember_Mama_(play)" title="I Remember Mama (play)">I Remember Mama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday_(play)" title="Happy Birthday (play)">Happy Birthday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Loves_Mary" title="John Loves Mary">John Loves Mary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Time" title="The Happy Time">The Happy Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burning_Bright" title="Burning Bright">Burning Bright</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_(1945_film)" title="State Fair (1945 film)"><i>State Fair</i> (1945)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)" title="Oklahoma! (1955 film)">Oklahoma!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(film)" title="Carousel (film)">Carousel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(1956_film)" title="The King and I (1956 film)">The King and I (1956 film)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(1958_film)" title="South Pacific (1958 film)">South Pacific</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flower_Drum_Song_(film)" title="Flower Drum Song (film)">Flower Drum Song</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_(1962_film)" title="State Fair (1962 film)"><i>State Fair</i> (1962)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)" title="The Sound of Music (film)">The Sound of Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(1999_film)" title="The King and I (1999 film)">The King and I (1999 film)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_musical)" title="Cinderella (Rodgers and Hammerstein musical)">Cinderella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(1967_film)" title="Carousel (1967 film)">Carousel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(1997_film)" title="Cinderella (1997 film)"><i>Cinderella</i> (1997)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_Live!" title="The Sound of Music Live!">The Sound of Music Live!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_Live_(2015)" title="The Sound of Music Live (2015)">The Sound of Music Live</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_What_a_Beautiful_Mornin%27" title="Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'">Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Surrey_with_the_Fringe_on_Top" title="The Surrey with the Fringe on Top">The Surrey with the Fringe on Top</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_(Oklahoma!)" title="Kansas City (Oklahoma!)">Kansas City</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Cain%27t_Say_No" title="I Cain't Say No">I Cain't Say No</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Many_a_New_Day" title="Many a New Day">Many a New Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Scandal!_It%27s_a_Outrage!" title="It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!">It's a Scandal! It's a Outrage!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/People_Will_Say_We%27re_in_Love" title="People Will Say We're in Love">People Will Say We're in Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lonely_Room" title="Lonely Room">Lonely Room</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Farmer_and_the_Cowman" title="The Farmer and the Cowman">The Farmer and the Cowman</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Er_Nuthin%27" class="mw-redirect" title="All Er Nuthin'">All Er Nuthin'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="Oklahoma (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">Oklahoma</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Loved_You" title="If I Loved You">If I Loved You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soliloquy_(song)" title="Soliloquy (song)">Soliloquy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Never_Walk_Alone" title="You'll Never Walk Alone">You'll Never Walk Alone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Might_as_Well_Be_Spring" title="It Might as Well Be Spring">It Might as Well Be Spring</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27s_for_Me" title="That's for Me">That's for Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Allegro_(musical)" title="Allegro (musical)">A Fellow Needs a Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/So_Far_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="So Far (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">So Far</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Some_Enchanted_Evening" title="Some Enchanted Evening">Some Enchanted Evening</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There_Is_Nothing_Like_a_Dame" title="There Is Nothing Like a Dame">There Is Nothing Like a Dame</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bali_Ha%27i" title="Bali Ha'i">Bali Ha'i</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Wash_That_Man_Right_Outa_My_Hair" title="I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair">I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_in_Love_with_a_Wonderful_Guy" title="I'm in Love with a Wonderful Guy">I'm in Love with a Wonderful Guy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Younger_Than_Springtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Younger Than Springtime">Younger Than Springtime</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Talk_(song)" title="Happy Talk (song)">Happy Talk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_to_Be_Carefully_Taught" title="You've Got to Be Carefully Taught">You've Got to Be Carefully Taught</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Whistle_a_Happy_Tune" title="I Whistle a Happy Tune">I Whistle a Happy Tune</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello,_Young_Lovers_(song)" title="Hello, Young Lovers (song)">Hello, Young Lovers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Getting_to_Know_You_(song)" title="Getting to Know You (song)">Getting to Know You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Kiss_in_a_Shadow" title="We Kiss in a Shadow">We Kiss in a Shadow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Something_Wonderful_(song)" title="Something Wonderful (song)">Something Wonderful</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_Dreamed_(song)" title="I Have Dreamed (song)">I Have Dreamed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shall_We_Dance%3F_(1951_song)" title="Shall We Dance? (1951 song)">Shall We Dance?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Other_Love_(1953_song)" title="No Other Love (1953 song)">No Other Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Enjoy_Being_a_Girl" title="I Enjoy Being a Girl">I Enjoy Being a Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(song)" title="The Sound of Music (song)">The Sound of Music</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maria_(Rodgers_and_Hammerstein_song)" title="Maria (Rodgers and Hammerstein song)">Maria</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Favorite_Things_(song)" title="My Favorite Things (song)">My Favorite Things</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do-Re-Mi" title="Do-Re-Mi">Do-Re-Mi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Going_on_Seventeen" title="Sixteen Going on Seventeen">Sixteen Going on Seventeen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Goatherd" title="The Lonely Goatherd">The Lonely Goatherd</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Climb_Ev%27ry_Mountain" title="Climb Ev'ry Mountain">Climb Ev'ry Mountain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/So_Long,_Farewell" title="So Long, Farewell">So Long, Farewell</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Way_to_Stop_It" title="No Way to Stop It">No Way to Stop It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Edelweiss_(song)" title="Edelweiss (song)">Edelweiss</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Something_Good_(Richard_Rodgers_song)" title="Something Good (Richard Rodgers song)">Something Good</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(soundtrack)" title="The Sound of Music (soundtrack)"><i>The Sound of Music</i> (1965 soundtrack)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music:_Music_from_the_NBC_Television_Event" title="The Sound of Music: Music from the NBC Television Event">The Sound of Music: Music from the NBC Television Event</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Steinbeck" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Steinbeck" title="Template:John Steinbeck"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Steinbeck" title="Template talk:John Steinbeck"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Steinbeck" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Steinbeck"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Steinbeck" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels and <br /> novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cup_of_Gold" title="Cup of Gold">Cup of Gold</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Pony" title="The Red Pony">The Red Pony</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_a_God_Unknown" title="To a God Unknown">To a God Unknown</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_Flat" title="Tortilla Flat">Tortilla Flat</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Dubious_Battle" title="In Dubious Battle">In Dubious Battle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men" title="Of Mice and Men">Of Mice and Men</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_Down" title="The Moon Is Down">The Moon Is Down</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(novel)" title="Cannery Row (novel)">Cannery Row</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wayward_Bus" title="The Wayward Bus">The Wayward Bus</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pearl_(novella)" title="The Pearl (novella)">The Pearl</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burning_Bright" title="Burning Bright">Burning Bright</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Thursday" title="Sweet Thursday">Sweet Thursday</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Short_Reign_of_Pippin_IV" title="The Short Reign of Pippin IV">The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_of_Our_Discontent" title="The Winter of Our Discontent">The Winter of Our Discontent</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Acts_of_King_Arthur_and_His_Noble_Knights" title="The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights">The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights</a></i> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story <br /> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pastures_of_Heaven" title="The Pastures of Heaven">The Pastures of Heaven</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Quail" title="The White Quail">The White Quail</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Valley" title="The Long Valley">The Long Valley</a></i> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Village" title="The Forgotten Village">The Forgotten Village</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(1944_film)" title="Lifeboat (1944 film)">Lifeboat</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pearl_(film)" title="The Pearl (film)">The Pearl</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Pony_(1949_film)" title="The Red Pony (1949 film)">The Red Pony</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viva_Zapata!" title="Viva Zapata!">Viva Zapata!</a></i> (1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Of Mice and Men</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(play)" title="Of Mice and Men (play)">1937 play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(1939_film)" title="Of Mice and Men (1939 film)">1939 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(opera)" title="Of Mice and Men (opera)">1969 opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(1992_film)" title="Of Mice and Men (1992 film)">1992 film</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Laid_Plans_(2012_film)" title="Best Laid Plans (2012 film)">Best Laid Plans</a></i> (2012 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Grapes of Wrath</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">1940 film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(play)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (play)">1988 play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(opera)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (opera)">2007 opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Red Pony</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Pony_(1949_film)" title="The Red Pony (1949 film)">1949 film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Pony_(Copland)" title="The Red Pony (Copland)">score</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Pony_(1973_film)" title="The Red Pony (1973 film)">1973 film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_Flat_(film)" title="Tortilla Flat (film)">Tortilla Flat</a></i> (1942 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_Is_Down_(film)" title="The Moon Is Down (film)">The Moon Is Down</a></i> (1943 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pearl_(film)" title="The Pearl (film)">La perla (The Pearl)</a></i> (1947 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a></i> (1955 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wayward_Bus_(film)" title="The Wayward Bus (film)">The Wayward Bus</a></i> (1957 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(miniseries)" title="East of Eden (miniseries)">East of Eden</a></i> (1981 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannery_Row_(film)" title="Cannery Row (film)">Cannery Row</a></i> (1982 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_of_Our_Discontent_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Winter of Our Discontent (film)">The Winter of Our Discontent</a></i> (1983 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Dubious_Battle_(film)" title="In Dubious Battle (film)">In Dubious Battle</a></i> (2016 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvest_Gypsies" title="The Harvest Gypsies">The Harvest Gypsies</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Log_from_the_Sea_of_Cortez" title="The Log from the Sea of Cortez">Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombs_Away:_The_Story_of_a_Bomber_Team" title="Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team">Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Russian_Journal" title="A Russian Journal">A Russian Journal</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Log_from_the_Sea_of_Cortez" title="The Log from the Sea of Cortez">The Log from the Sea of Cortez</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_There_Was_a_War" title="Once There Was a War">Once There Was a War</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Travels_with_Charley" title="Travels with Charley">Travels with Charley</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_and_Americans" title="America and Americans">America and Americans</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_a_Novel" title="Journal of a Novel">Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steinbeck_in_Vietnam" title="Steinbeck in Vietnam">Steinbeck in Vietnam</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Steinbeck_Center" title="National Steinbeck Center">National Steinbeck Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Heasley_Cox_Center_for_Steinbeck_Studies" title="Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies">Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_Award" title="John Steinbeck Award">John Steinbeck Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_Award_for_Fiction" title="John Steinbeck Award for Fiction">John Steinbeck Award for Fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Anderson_Steinbeck" title="Elaine Anderson Steinbeck">Elaine Anderson Steinbeck (third wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steinbeck" title="Thomas Steinbeck">Thomas Steinbeck (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_IV" title="John Steinbeck IV">John Steinbeck IV (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_House_(Salinas,_California)" title="John Steinbeck House (Salinas, California)">Salinas boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck_House_(Monte_Sereno,_California)" title="John Steinbeck House (Monte Sereno, California)">Monte Sereno home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Biological_Laboratories" title="Pacific Biological Laboratories">Pacific Biological Laboratories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Ricketts" title="Ed Ricketts">Ed Ricketts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Flyer_(boat)" title="Western Flyer (boat)"><i>Western Flyer</i> (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_pigs_fly#Pigasus" title="When pigs fly">Personal stamp (Pigasus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Ames" title="Cathy Ames">Cathy Ames (character)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Impression_of_John_Steinbeck:_Writer" title="An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer"><i>An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer</i> (1969 documentary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7197217#identifiers" title="Edit this at 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