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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finding_success_with_coalitions_with_Labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finding_success_with_coalitions_with_Labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Finding success with coalitions with Labour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finding_success_with_coalitions_with_Labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_rebuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_rebuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Decline and rebuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_rebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Recovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Since 2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Social policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LGBT+_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT+_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>LGBT+ issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT+_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Abortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Drug policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Economic policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_reform_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_reform_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Constitutional reform policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_reform_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Health policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro-Europeanism_and_defence_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Europeanism_and_defence_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pro-Europeanism and defence policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Europeanism_and_defence_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_affiliations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>European affiliations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_affiliations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planning_and_payment_tribunals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning_and_payment_tribunals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Planning and payment tribunals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning_and_payment_tribunals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Party_leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Party leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Deputy leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seanad_leader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seanad_leader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Seanad leader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seanad_leader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dáil_Éireann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dáil_Éireann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Dáil Éireann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dáil_Éireann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance_since_2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance_since_2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Electoral performance since 2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance_since_2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Front_bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Front_bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Front bench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Front_bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_Fine_Gael" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_Fine_Gael"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Young Fine Gael</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_Fine_Gael-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fine Gael</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="فاين جايل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاين جايل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Фине Гейл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фине Гейл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Φίνε Γκελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φίνε Γκελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EB%84%88_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%BC" title="피너 게일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피너 게일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C" title="פינה גייל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פינה גייל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%85%9A" title="統一アイルランド党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="統一アイルランド党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Фине Гэл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фине Гэл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Фіне Гел – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фіне Гел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%92_%DA%AF%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="فینے گئیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فینے گئیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fine Gael" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the political party founded in 1933. For the organisation founded in 1922, see <a href="/wiki/Fine_Ghaedheal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine Ghaedheal">Fine Ghaedheal</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6699FF; border-bottom:2px solid #6699FF; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Fine Gael</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg/225px-Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg/338px-Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg/450px-Fine_Gael_logo_2009.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">John Carroll</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Helen_McEntee" title="Helen McEntee">Helen McEntee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chairperson</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Farrell" title="Alan Farrell">Alan Farrell</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seanad leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Kyne" title="Seán Kyne">Seán Kyne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_MacDermot" title="Frank MacDermot">Frank MacDermot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8 September 1933<span class="noprint">; 91 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1933-09-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Army Comrades Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">51 Mount Street Upper, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">LGBT wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Fine Gael LGBT<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Democrat_International" title="Centrist Democrat International">Centrist Democrat International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#12569F; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Dark_blue_(colour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark blue (colour)">Dark blue</a> (official)</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6699FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a> (customary)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local government</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">246 / 949</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finegael.ie/">www<wbr />.finegael<wbr />.ie</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247135#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6699FF;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fine Gael</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FEEN</span>-nə <span style="font-size:90%">GAYL</span>, <span style="font-size:90%">FIN</span>-</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˌfʲɪnʲə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡeːl̪ˠ]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Family (or Tribe) of the Irish</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal-conservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> political party in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>. Fine Gael is currently the third-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> in terms of members of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party had a membership of 25,000 in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> as party leader on 24 March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael was founded on 8 September 1933<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Farrell_Academy_2020_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farrell_Academy_2020-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the merger of its parent party <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a>. Its origins lie in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">struggle for Irish independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">pro-Treaty</a> side in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>, with the party claiming the legacy of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_History_Ireland_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins_History_Ireland-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, the party was commonly known as <i>Fine Gael – The United Ireland Party</i>, abbreviated <i>UIP</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its official title in its constitution remains <b>Fine Gael (United Ireland)</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael holds a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy20152_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy20152-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stance and is generally considered to be more of a proponent of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> than its traditional rival, <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Euobserver_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euobserver-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine Gael describes itself as a "party of the progressive centre" which it defines as acting "in a way that is right for Ireland, regardless of dogma or ideology". It lists its core values as "<a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">equality of opportunity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">free enterprise</a> and reward, security, integrity and hope."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-David_Stanton_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Stanton-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In international politics, the party is highly supportive of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, along with generally supporting strengthened relations with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Physical_force_Irish_republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical force Irish republicanism">physical force Irish republicanism</a>. The party's autonomous youth wing, <a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a> (YFG), was formed in 1977. </p><p>Having governed in coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> between 2011 and 2016, and in a minority government along with Independent TDs from 2016 to 2020, Fine Gael currently forms part of a historic <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_33rd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 33rd Dáil">coalition government</a> with its traditional rival, Fianna Fáil, and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a>, with Simon Harris serving as Taoiseach since April 2024. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Fine_Gael" title="History of Fine Gael">History of Fine Gael</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W._T._Cosgrave,_circa_1930_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/116px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3241" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/108px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/162px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/216px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3520" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_MacDermot,_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg/117px-Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg/176px-Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg/234px-Frank_MacDermot%2C_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="305" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Frank_MacDermot" title="Frank MacDermot">Frank MacDermot</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/107px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/161px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/214px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Cosgrave, O'Duffy, MacDermot, and Dillon brought three political groups together to form Fine Gael in 1933</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Previous logos of Fine Gael</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg/114px-Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg/171px-Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg/228px-Fine_Gael_logo_1970s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1970s</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png/152px-Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png/228px-Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png/304px-Fine_Gael_logo_1980s.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1980s</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png/114px-Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png" decoding="async" width="114" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png/171px-Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png/228px-Fine_Gael_logo_1990s.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1990s</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Fine Gael was created in 1933 following the merger of three political organisations; <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedhael" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumann na nGaedhael">Cumann na nGaedhael</a> (CnaG) led by <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Frank_MacDermot" title="Frank MacDermot">Frank MacDermot</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a>, and the National Guard (better known as the <a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a>), led by <a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a>. Cumann na nGaedhael, born out of the pro-<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> side in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>, had been the party of government from the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> in 1922 until the <a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a>, which it lost to the newly emergent <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>. The National Centre Party was a new party that had done well at the 1932 election, and represented the interests of farmers. The National Guard were not a political party, but a militant group made up of former pro-Treaty <a href="/wiki/Irish_Army" title="Irish Army">Irish Army</a> soldiers, and was previously known as the Army Comrades Association. Following the disruption of Cumann na nGaedhael meetings by members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a>, the ACA had begun providing security at their events.<sup id="cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the leadership of the ACA being taken over by a number of CnaG <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TDs</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._O%27Higgins" title="Thomas F. O'Higgins">Thomas F. O'Higgins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1933, Eoin O'Duffy took over the ACA, renamed them the National Guard, and began instilling the organisation with elements of European <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in August 1933 the Fianna Fáil government banned the National Guard, fearing a planned parade in Dublin might be an attempt to emulate the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a>, which saw <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> rise to power in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1933, the three groups combined forces and merged to form Fine Gael. The National Guard (referred to informally by this point as "the Blueshirts") were to serve as the youth wing of the new party, "The League of Youth". CnaG members dominated the new party. However, to avoid the perception that Fine Gael was simply Cumann na nGaedhael under a new name, O'Duffy was made leader of the new party. Following poor results at the <a href="/wiki/1934_Irish_local_elections" title="1934 Irish local elections">1934 local elections</a> and concerns over his increasingly rabid rhetoric, O'Duffy resigned from the leadership after the party attempted to control what he said in public. He was replaced by W. T. Cosgrave, with James Dillon becoming deputy leader. O'Duffy attempted to regain control of the Blueshirts, but was rebuffed by the majority of them, who chose to stay with Fine Gael. Under the stewardship of Cosgrave and Dillon, the party returned to the more traditional conservatism espoused by Cumann na nGaedhael, with the moribund League of Youth disbanded by 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Without_the_Blueshirts_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Without_the_Blueshirts-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finding_success_with_coalitions_with_Labour">Finding success with coalitions with Labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Finding success with coalitions with Labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garret_FitzGerald_1975_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="1948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> is credited as having had a liberalising effect on the party in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p>Fine Gael remained out of government and at a low ebb for a prolonged period until the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948 general election</a>, which saw the party form a grand coalition with several other parties in order to oust Fianna Fáil and place Fine Gael member <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> as Taoiseach. The coalition was short-lived but revived again between 1954 and 1957. However, following this stint Fine Gael returned to opposition for 16 years. The party went through a period of soul-searching during the 1960s, in which a new generation of Fine Gael politicians led by <a href="/wiki/Declan_Costello" title="Declan Costello">Declan Costello</a> sought to revitalise Fine Gael with new ideas. In what has later been hailed as a landmark moment in Fine Gael history, Costello proposed moving the party to the left in a <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> direction with a document entitled "Towards a Just Society". The document was adopted as the basis for the party's manifesto for the <a href="/wiki/1965_Irish_general_election" title="1965 Irish general election">1965 general election</a>; however, when the party failed to make headway at the polls the momentum behind the Just Society document wilted and faded.<sup id="cite_ref-Titans_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titans-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DIB_Declan_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIB_Declan-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meehan_Examiner_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meehan_Examiner-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not until leader <a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a> secured an election pact with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> that Fine Gael returned to government in 1973. This period also saw Fine Gael becoming increasingly liberal in ethos, particularly under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> who took the reins of the party in 1977;<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this time that Fine Gael campaigned in a number of referendums: the party supported Irish entry into the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, supported lowering the voting age from 21 to 18, and supported a proposal to remove the "special position" of the Roman Catholic Church from the constitution. It was on the successful side in all three of these campaigns. The party also began to take a more liberal approach to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Contraceptives" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraceptives">contraceptives</a> to Ireland, although an attempt by the Fine Gael/Labour coalition to legalise contraceptives in 1974 stumbled after six members of Fine Gael, most prominently Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave, voted against the government's own bill.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arrangement between Fine Gael and Labour proved pleasing to both parties and their election pacts remained throughout the rest of the 1970s and into the 1980s, seeing the pair enter government a number of times together.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, Fine Gael/Labour voted to liberalise access to contraceptives.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year FitzGerald signed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement" title="Anglo-Irish Agreement">Anglo-Irish Agreement</a> with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, paving the way to devolved government in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986 the party campaigned for a Yes in that year's <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_Bill_1986" title="Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986">referendum on legalising divorce</a>, which was defeated, with the No side obtaining 63.5% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_rebuilding">Decline and rebuilding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline and rebuilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1980s had proven fruitful electorally for Fine Gael, but the 1990s and early 2000s saw this momentum decline quickly. One of the first signs of this was the party's poor result in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990 presidential election</a>, in which their candidate <a href="/wiki/Austin_Currie" title="Austin Currie">Austin Currie</a> obtained just 17% of the first preference vote. </p><p>Fine Gael formed a government between 1994 and 1997 with the Labour Party and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">Democratic Left</a>. This government legalised divorce <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">after a successful referendum</a> in 1995. The party's share of TDs fell from 54 in 1997<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to only 31<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Irish_general_election" title="2002 Irish general election">2002 general election</a>, its second-worst result ever at that point. It was at this point <a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a> took over leadership of the party and began the process of rebuilding it. At the <a href="/wiki/2007_Irish_general_election" title="2007 Irish general election">2007 general election</a> Kenny was able to bring Fine Gael back to its 1997 levels with 51 TDs.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recovery">Recovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a>, which threw Ireland not only into economic turmoil but also political upheaval. The <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 Irish general election</a> saw the governing Fianna Fáil collapse at the polls,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_McDonald_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_McDonald-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Fine Gael and the Labour Party returned with their best results ever.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_McDonald_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_McDonald-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time in its history, Fine Gael became the largest party in Dáil Eireann. Once more Fine Gael and Labour paired up to form a government, their tenure marked by the difficulty of trying to guide Ireland towards economic recovery. In 2013, a number of Fine Gael parliamentary party members, including <a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Creighton" title="Lucinda Creighton">Lucinda Creighton</a>, were expelled from the party for defying the party whip on <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> grounds to oppose the <a href="/wiki/Protection_of_Life_During_Pregnancy_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill">Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Making_Renua_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Making_Renua-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These members subsequently formed a political party called <a href="/wiki/Renua" title="Renua">Renua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Making_Renua_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Making_Renua-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2015">Since 2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Varadkar_TD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a>, Leader of Fine Gael from 2017 to 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2015, the Fine Gael/Labour government held <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">a referendum to allow gay marriage under the constitution</a>. The government campaigned for a yes vote and were successful.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016 general election</a>, Fine Gael retained control of the government as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>, made possible by a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> agreement with Fianna Fáíl, who agreed to abstain in confidence votes.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enda Kenny resigned as party leader in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a <a href="/wiki/2017_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="2017 Fine Gael leadership election">leadership contest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> became his successor as well as Taoiseach.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, Varadkar became one of the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_openly_LGBT_heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="List of openly LGBT heads of government">openly LGBT heads of government in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 the Fine Gael government held <a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">a referendum on the Eighth Amendment</a>, the provision in the Irish constitution which forbid <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>. The party campaigned to repeal the amendment and were successful.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020 general election</a>, for the first time in history, Fine Gael entered into a coalition government with its traditional rival <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a>, with Leo Varadkar serving as <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a> for the first half of the government's five-year term, then becoming Taoiseach in December 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_policies">Ideology and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ideology and policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:22.0em; border:4px double #fa7406; background:var( --background-color-base, #FFFFFF ); color: var( --color-base, inherit );"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_democracy" title="Category:Christian democracy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orange_flag_waving.svg/75px-Orange_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orange_flag_waving.svg/113px-Orange_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orange_flag_waving.svg/150px-Orange_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_corporatism" title="Christian corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistent_life_ethic" title="Consistent life ethic">Consistent life ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_mandate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural mandate">Cultural mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity of labor">Dignity of labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_dignity" class="mw-redirect" title="Human dignity">Human dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Calvinism" title="Neo-Calvinism">Neo-Calvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Thomism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Thomism">Neo-Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolarismo" title="Popolarismo">Popularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Friendly_and_hostile_separation" title="Separation of church and state">Friendly separation of church and state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">in Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">State</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Arizmendiarrieta" title="José María Arizmendiarrieta">Arizmendiarrieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_von_Baader" title="Franz Xaver von Baader">Baader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eivind_Berggrav" title="Eivind Berggrav">Berggrav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Dooyeweerd" title="Herman Dooyeweerd">Dooyeweerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Gebhardt" title="Stanisław Gebhardt">Gebhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Groen_van_Prinsterer" title="Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer">Groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Habsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Korfanty" title="Wojciech Korfanty">Korfanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_von_Nell-Breuning" title="Oswald von Nell-Breuning">Nell-Breuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pesch" title="Heinrich Pesch">Pesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pius XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Sturzo" title="Luigi Sturzo">Sturzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Tischner" title="Józef Tischner">Tischner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Freiherr_von_Vogelsang" title="Karl Freiherr von Vogelsang">Vogelsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Williams</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beel" title="Louis Beel">Beel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek" title="Jerzy Buzek">Buzek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caldera" title="Rafael Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Erhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Eduardo Frei Montalva">Frei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Groen_van_Prinsterer" title="Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer">Groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Korfanty" title="Wojciech Korfanty">Korfanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kurz" title="Sebastian Kurz">Kurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Kuyper" title="Abraham Kuyper">Kuyper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Miko%C5%82ajczyk" title="Stanisław Mikołajczyk">Mikołajczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A2nio_Quadros" title="Jânio Quadros">Quadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango">Pastrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewi_Pethrus" title="Lewi Pethrus">Pethrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Gert_P%C3%B6ttering" title="Hans-Gert Pöttering">Pöttering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_S%C3%B6der" title="Markus Söder">Söder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Strauss" title="Franz Josef Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Sturzo" title="Luigi Sturzo">Sturzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Tindemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Freiherr_von_Vogelsang" title="Karl Freiherr von Vogelsang">Vogelsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wałęsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Windthorst" title="Ludwig Windthorst">Windthorst</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_and_Flemish" title="Christian Democratic and Flemish">Christian Democratic and Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian-Democratic_Rebirth_Party" title="Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party">Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Hungary)" title="Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary)">Christian Democratic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_People%27s_Party" title="Christian Social People's Party">Christian Social People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union in Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">Democratic Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fine Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Uruguay)" title="National Party (Uruguay)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Liechtenstein)" title="Patriotic Union (Liechtenstein)">Patriotic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Republican_Movement" title="Popular Republican Movement">Popular Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMRO-DPMNE" title="VMRO-DPMNE">VMRO-DPMNE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_democratic_parties" title="List of Christian democratic parties">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Democrat_International" title="Centrist Democrat International">Centrist Democrat International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrat_Organization_of_America" title="Christian Democrat Organization of America">Christian Democrat Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Christian_Political_Movement" title="European Christian Political Movement">European Christian Political Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer_Foundation" title="Konrad Adenauer Foundation">Konrad Adenauer Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christian_Fellowship" title="Conservative Christian Fellowship">Conservative Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens_Centre_for_European_Studies" title="Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies">Centre for European Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Ideas_Network" title="European Ideas Network">European Ideas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman_Foundation_(European_People%27s_Party)" title="Robert Schuman Foundation (European People's Party)">Schuman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Public_Justice" title="Center for Public Justice">Center for Public Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Populorum_progressio" title="Populorum progressio">Populorum progressio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graves_de_communi_re" title="Graves de communi re">Graves de communi re</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quadragesimo_anno" title="Quadragesimo anno">Quadragesimo anno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laborem_exercens" title="Laborem exercens">Laborem exercens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sollicitudo_rei_socialis" title="Sollicitudo rei socialis">Sollicitudo rei socialis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centesimus_annus" title="Centesimus annus">Centesimus annus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top: 1px solid #fa7406; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 2.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Catholic Church and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clerical_philosophers" title="Clerical philosophers">Clerical philosophers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_democracy" title="Religious democracy">Religious democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_democracy" title="Islam and democracy">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #fa7406; border-bottom:1px solid #fa7406; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_democracy_sidebar" title="Template:Christian democracy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_democracy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christian democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_democracy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As a political party of the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Devitt2021_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devitt2021-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrottySchmitt1998_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrottySchmitt1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReesQuinn2010_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReesQuinn2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholls2015_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholls2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine Gael has been described as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal-conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HamannKelly2010_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HamannKelly2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PratRosenstein2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PratRosenstein2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cottey2018_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cottey2018-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MaginVigen2021_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaginVigen2021-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian-democratic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-“Alexiadou2016”_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“Alexiadou2016”-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Banchoff1999_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banchoff1999-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Slomp2011_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slomp2011-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative liberal">conservative liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Deutsche_Welle_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deutsche_Welle-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher1985_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher1985-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bell2005_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell2005-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Reidy2010_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reidy2010-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an ideological base combining elements of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">cultural conservatism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HutterMalet2019_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HutterMalet2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Ireland's political spectrum was traditionally divided along <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a> lines, rather than the traditional European <a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Left–right politics">left–right spectrum</a>, Fine Gael is described generally as a <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> party, with a focus on "fiscal rectitude".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the descendant of the pro-Treaty factions in the Irish Civil War, Fine Gael cites <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a> as an inspiration and claims his legacy. He remains a symbol for the party, and the anniversary of his death is commemorated each year in August.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_History_Ireland_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins_History_Ireland-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Fine Gael was historically a Catholic party, it became the de facto home for Irish Protestants. Its membership base had a higher proportion of Protestants than that of Fianna Fáil or Labour.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party promoted a strong Catholic image and depicted itself as a defender of Catholicism against <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Atheistic Communism</a>, of which it accused the two aforementioned parties of being sympathetic to.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg/200px-Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg/300px-Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg/400px-Michael_Collins_in_military_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>Through their Cumann na nGaedhael and Pro-Treaty lineage, Fine Gael claim the legacy of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a>, whom they use as a symbol to bolster their law and order image</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policies">Social policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fine Gael adopted the "Just Society" policy statement in the 1960s, based on principles of social justice and equality. It was created by the emerging social democratic wing of the party, led by <a href="/wiki/Declan_Costello" title="Declan Costello">Declan Costello</a>. The ideas expressed in the policy statement had a significant influence on the party in the years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Fine Gael was traditionally <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> for most of the twentieth century due to the conservative Christian ethos of Irish society during this time, its members are variously influenced by <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> on issues of social policy. Under Garret FitzGerald, the party's more socially liberal, or pluralist, wing gained prominence. Proposals to allow <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> were put to referendum by two Fine Gael–led governments, in 1986 under FitzGerald,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1995 under John Bruton, passing very narrowly on this second attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its modern supporters have shown a preference for <a href="/wiki/Postmaterialism" title="Postmaterialism">postmaterialist</a> values.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT+_issues"><span id="LGBT.2B_issues"></span>LGBT+ issues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: LGBT+ issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg/260px-Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg/390px-Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg/520px-Members_of_Fine_Gael_at_Dublin_Pride_parade_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6597" data-file-height="4092" /></a><figcaption>Members of Fine Gael participating in the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Pride" title="Dublin Pride">Dublin Pride</a> parade</figcaption></figure> <p>Fine Gael supported <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Ireland">civil unions</a> for same-sex couples from 2003, voting for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Partnership_and_Certain_Rights_and_Obligations_of_Cohabitants_Act_2010" title="Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010">Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Bill 2010</a>. In 2012, the party approved a motion at its <a href="/wiki/Ardfheis" title="Ardfheis">Ardfheis</a> to prioritise the consideration of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in the upcoming constitutional convention. In 2013, party leader and Taoiseach Enda Kenny declared his support for same-sex marriage. The Fine Gael–led government held a referendum on the subject on 22 May 2015. The referendum passed, with the electorate voting to extend full marriage rights to same-sex couples, with 62.1% in favour and 37.9% opposed. </p><p>In 2015, months before the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">marriage equality referendum</a>, Leo Varadkar became the first Irish government minister to come out as gay.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Irish_Times_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Irish_Times-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, former <a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Walsh_(politician)" title="Maria Walsh (politician)">Maria Walsh</a>, was elected as a Fine Gael MEP for the Midlands-Northwest constituency in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>, running alongside <a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_McGuinness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairéad McGuinness">Mairéad McGuinness</a> MEP. Walsh was Fine Gael's first openly lesbian candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael has an LGBT+ section, Fine Gael LGBT, and in 2017, Leo Varadkar became the first Taoiseach to march in <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Pride" title="Dublin Pride">Dublin Pride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abortion">Abortion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Abortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Eighth Amendment to the Constitution</a>, which proposed to protect the life of the unborn, was put to a referendum. Fine Gael initially supported the proposal, but then came out in opposition to it. Under leader and <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a>, the party campaigned for a 'No' vote, arguing, on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Ireland" title="Attorney General of Ireland">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutherland" title="Peter Sutherland">Peter Sutherland</a>, that the wording, which had been drafted under the previous government, was ambiguous and open to many interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its stance conflicted with that of the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Life_Amendment_Campaign_(PLAC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Life Amendment Campaign (PLAC)">Pro-Life Amendment Campaign</a> (PLAC) and Catholic bishops, and <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>, the largest party in the State at the time, but then in opposition. The amendment resulted in the addition of Article 40.3.3° to the Constitution, giving the unborn child a qualified<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equal right to life to that of the mother.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, in the <a href="/wiki/X_Case" title="X Case">X Case</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ireland" title="Supreme Court of Ireland">Supreme Court</a> held that a risk to the life of woman from suicide was a permissible ground under Article 40.3.3° for abortion. In 2002, Fine Gael campaigned against the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_Bill_2001" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2001">Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution</a>, which proposed to remove <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> as a grounds for granting a termination of a pregnancy. The amendment was rejected by Irish voters.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 it proposed, and supported, the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Protection_of_Life_During_Pregnancy_Act_2013" title="Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013">Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013</a>, which implemented in statute law the <i>X case</i> ruling of the Supreme Court, granting access to a termination of a pregnancy where there is a real and substantial risk to the life, not the health, of the mother, including a threat of suicide. Five TDs and two Senators, including Minister of State <a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Creighton" title="Lucinda Creighton">Lucinda Creighton</a>, lost the Fine Gael party whip for voting against the legislation. Creighton later left Fine Gael to found <a href="/wiki/Renua" title="Renua">Renua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act was criticised by various <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> groups<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Catholic bishops, but supported by a majority of the electorate in opinion polls, with many indicating they wished to see a more liberal law on abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enda Kenny's <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 32nd Dáil">Fine Gael–led minority government</a> took office after the 2016 election with a programme which promised a randomly selected <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Assembly_(Ireland)" title="Citizens' Assembly (Ireland)">Citizens' Assembly</a> to report on possible changes to the Eighth Amendment, which would be considered by an Oireachtas committee, to whose report the government would respond officially in debates in both houses of the Oireachtas. Fine Gael Oireachtas members were promised a free vote on the issue. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> succeeded Enda Kenny as Taoiseach on 14 June 2017 and promised to hold a referendum on abortion in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Fine Gael TDs, notably Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kate_O%27Connell" title="Kate O'Connell">Kate O'Connell</a>, were prominent supporters of the pro-choice side before and during the referendum. While the party was divided, the majority of Fine Gael TDs and Senators, as well as most members, were in favour of repealing the Eighth Amendment. A <a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">referendum to repeal the Eighth Amendment</a> was held on 25 May 2018 and was approved by 66.4% of voters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drug_policies">Drug policies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Drug policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party has traditionally held a strong stance against the decriminalisation of drugs. In 2007, Fine Gael's leader at the time Enda Kenny called for drug and alcohol testing to be performed in schools, saying cocaine usage at schools was "rampant" in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the party's 2014 Ard Fheis, a proposed motion to support the legalisation of cannabis was voted down by the membership.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the Fine Gael health minister <a href="/wiki/James_Reilly_(Irish_politician)" title="James Reilly (Irish politician)">James Reilly</a> said that they would not be changing their policy on the legalisation of cannabis, due to "serious concerns about the health impacts" of cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policies">Economic policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economic policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fine Gael has, since its inception, portrayed itself as a party of fiscal rectitude and minimal government interference in economics, advocating pro-enterprise policies. In that they followed the line of the previous pro-Treaty government that believed in minimal state intervention, low taxes and social expenditures.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newly elected politicians for the party in the Dáil have strongly advocated <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberal">liberal economic</a> policies. <a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Creighton" title="Lucinda Creighton">Lucinda Creighton</a> (who has since left the party) and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> in particular have been seen as strong advocates of a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> approach to Ireland's economic woes and unemployment problems.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varadkar in particular has been a strong proponent of small, indigenous business, advocating in 2008 that smaller firms should have benefitted from the government's recapitalisation program.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its former finance spokesman Richard Bruton's proposals were seen as approaching problems from a pro-enterprise point of view. Its fairer budget website in 2011 suggested that its solutions are "tough but fair".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other solutions conform generally to conservative governments' policies throughout Europe, focusing on cutting numbers in the public sector, while maintaining investment in infrastructure. </p><p>Fine Gael's proposals have sometimes been criticised mostly by smaller political groupings in Ireland, and by some of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, who have raised the idea that the party's solutions are more conscious of business interests than the interests of the worker. In 2008 the <a href="/wiki/SIPTU" title="SIPTU">SIPTU</a> trade union stated its opposition to then-Taoiseach Enda Kenny's assertion, in response to Ireland's economic crisis, that the national wage agreement ought to have been suspended. Kenny's comments had support however and the party attributed its significant rise in polls in 2008 to this.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael's <a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a> launched what the party termed a radical re-organisation of the Irish semi-state company sector. Styled the New Economy and Recovery Authority (or NewERA), Coveney said that it is an economic stimulus plan that will "reshape the Irish economy for the challenges of the 21st century".<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Requiring an €18.2 billion investment in Energy, Communications and Water infrastructure over a four-year period, it was promoted as a way to enhance <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">energy security</a> and the digital reputation of Ireland. A very broad-ranging document, it proposed the combined management of a portfolio of semi-state assets, and the sale of all other, non-essential services. The release of equity through the sale of the various state resources, including electricity generation services belonging to the <a href="/wiki/ESB_Group" title="ESB Group">ESB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bord_na_M%C3%B3na" title="Bord na Móna">Bord na Móna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bord_G%C3%A1is" class="mw-redirect" title="Bord Gáis">Bord Gáis</a>, in combination with use of money in the National Pensions Reserve Fund, was Fine Gael's proposed funding source for its national stimulus package.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan was seen as the longer term contribution to Fine Gael's economic agenda and the basis of its program for government. It was publicised in combination with a more short term policy proposal from <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a>. This document, termed <i>"Hope for a Lost Generation"</i>, promised to bring 30,000 young Irish people off the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cso.ie/en/interactivezone/statisticsexplained/labourmarket/whatistheliveregister/#:~:text=The%20Live%20Register%20is%20used,the%20Department%20of%20Social%20Protection.">Live Register</a> in a year by combining a National Internship Program, a Second Chance Education Scheme, an Apprenticeship Guarantee and Community Work Program, as well as instituting a German style Workshare program.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_reform_policies">Constitutional reform policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Constitutional reform policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010 Fine Gael's <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a> published the party's proposals for political and constitutional reform. In a policy document entitled <i>New Politics</i>, Hogan suggested creating a country with "a smaller, more dynamic and more responsive political system" by reducing the size of the Dáil by 20, changing the way the Dáil works, and by abolishing the Irish senate, <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The question of whether to abolish the Seanad or not was put to <a href="/wiki/Thirty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_Bill_2013" title="Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2013">a referendum in 2013</a>, with voters voting 51% to 49% to retain <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameralism</a> in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_policies">Health policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Health policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Healthcare in the Republic of Ireland">Irish health system</a>, being administered centrally by the <a href="/wiki/Health_Service_Executive" title="Health Service Executive">Health Service Executive</a>, is seen to be poor by comparison to other countries in Europe, ranking outside expected levels at 25th according to the Euro Health Consumer Index 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael has long wanted Ireland to break with the system of private health insurance, public medical cards and what it calls the two tiers of the health system and has launched a campaign to see the system reformed. Speaking in favour of the campaign, Fine Gael then health spokesman <a href="/wiki/James_Reilly_(Irish_politician)" title="James Reilly (Irish politician)">James Reilly</a> stated "Over the last 10 years the health service has become a shambles. We regularly have over 350 people on trolleys in A&E, waiting lists that go on for months, outpatient waiting lists that go on for years and cancelled operations across the country..."<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine Gael launched its FairCare campaign and website in April 2009, which stated that the health service would be reformed away from a costly ineffective endeavour, into a publicly regulated system where compulsory <a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">universal health insurance</a> would replace the existing provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This strategy was criticised by Fianna Fáil's then-Minister for Children, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Andrews_(politician)" title="Barry Andrews (politician)">Barry Andrews</a>. The spokesperson for family law and children, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shatter" title="Alan Shatter">Alan Shatter TD</a>, robustly defended its proposals as the only means of reducing public expenditure, and providing a service in Ireland more akin to the <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Canadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Germany" title="Healthcare in Germany">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" title="Healthcare in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Austria" title="Healthcare in Austria">Austrian health systems</a>. </p><p>Fine Gael's current healthcare policy revolves around the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1intecare" title="Sláintecare">Sláintecare</a>, a cross-party plan for the reform of the Irish health system. Sláintecare is focused on introducing "a universal single-tiered health service, which guarantees access based on need, not income… through Universal Health Insurance".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-Europeanism_and_defence_policies">Pro-Europeanism and defence policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pro-Europeanism and defence policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fine Gael is among the most pro-<a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> parties in Ireland, having supported the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-neutrality_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neutrality-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a>, and advocating participation in European common defence.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party have been supportive of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. In 1998, party leader John Bruton called on Ireland to join the NATO-led <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's youth wing, <a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a>, passed a motion in 2016 calling on the government to apply for membership of NATO.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Enda Kenny, the party called on the state to end <a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality" title="Irish neutrality">Irish neutrality</a> and to sign up for a European defence structure,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Kenny claiming that "the truth is, Ireland is not neutral. We are merely unaligned."<sup id="cite_ref-neutrality_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neutrality-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Fine Gael called for an increase in defence spending,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> Simon Coveney proposing an increase of €500 million a year<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and suggesting Ireland needed a "fundamental rethink" of its security approach.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, Fine Gael has taken a strong pro-European stance, stating that Ireland's place is "at the heart of Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In government, the party has launched the "Global Ireland" plan to develop alliances with other small countries across Europe and the world.<sup id="cite_ref-globalireland_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalireland-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_affiliations">European affiliations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: European affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fine Gael is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP), the largest <a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European political party</a> comprising liberal conservative and Christian democratic national-level parties from across Europe. Fine Gael's <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> sit with the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_(European_Parliament_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party (European Parliament group)">EPP Group</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, and Fine Gael parliamentarians also sit with the EPP Groups in the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of the Regions">Committee of the Regions</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Young Fine Gael is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Youth_of_the_European_People%27s_Party" title="Youth of the European People's Party">Youth of the European People's Party</a> (YEPP).<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is inferred from the party's relationship with its European counterparts via membership of the European People's Party that Fine Gael belongs on the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party conforms generally with European political parties that identify themselves as being <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democratic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning_and_payment_tribunals">Planning and payment tribunals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Planning and payment tribunals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Tribunal" title="Moriarty Tribunal">Moriarty Tribunal</a> has sat since 1997 and has investigated the granting of a mobile phone license to <a href="/wiki/Esat_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Esat Telecom">Esat Telecom</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lowry_(politician)" title="Michael Lowry (politician)">Michael Lowry</a> when he was Fine Gael <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Transport_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Transport (Ireland)">Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications</a> in the Rainbow Coalition of the mid-1990s. Lowry resigned from the Cabinet after it was revealed at the Moriarty Tribunal that businessman <a href="/wiki/Ben_Dunne_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Dunne (entrepreneur)">Ben Dunne</a> had paid for an IR£395,000 extension to Lowry's <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a> home. Lowry, now an independent <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TD</a>, supported the <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> government in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> until March 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was also revealed in December 1996 that Fine Gael had received some £180,000 from <a href="/wiki/Ben_Dunne_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Dunne (entrepreneur)">Ben Dunne</a> in the period 1987 to 1993. This was composed of £100,000 in 1993, £50,000 in 1992 and £30,000 in 1989. In addition, Michael Noonan received £3,000 in 1992 towards his election campaign, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Yates" title="Ivan Yates">Ivan Yates</a> received £5,000, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lowry_(politician)" title="Michael Lowry (politician)">Michael Lowry</a> received £5,000 and Sean Barrett received £1,000 in the earlier 1987 election. John Bruton said he had received £1,000 from Dunne in 1982 towards his election campaign, and Dunne had also given £15,000 to the Labour Party during the 1990 Presidential election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following revelations at the <a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Tribunal" title="Moriarty Tribunal">Moriarty Tribunal</a> on 16 February 1999, in relation to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> and his relationship with <a href="/wiki/Allied_Irish_Banks" title="Allied Irish Banks">AIB</a>, former Taoiseach Garret Fitzgerald confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Allied_Irish_Banks" title="Allied Irish Banks">AIB</a> and Ansbacher wrote off debts of almost £200,000 that he owed in 1993, when he was in financial difficulties because of the collapse of the aircraft leasing company, GPA, in which he was a shareholder. The write-off occurred after Fitzgerald left politics. Fitzgerald also said he believed his then Fine Gael colleague, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutherland" title="Peter Sutherland">Peter Sutherland</a>, who was chairman of AIB at the time, was unaware of the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leader of the Fine Gael party is <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a>. The position of deputy leader has been held since 2024 by <a href="/wiki/Helen_McEntee" title="Helen McEntee">Helen McEntee</a> TD, the Minister for Justice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_leader">Party leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Party leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fine_Gael" title="Leader of Fine Gael">Leader of Fine Gael</a></div> <p>The following are the terms of office as party leader, and as Taoiseach (bolded) if applicable: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Leader </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Periods in office (Taoiseach unless otherwise noted) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="O'Duffy portrait.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/60px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/90px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg/120px-O%27Duffy_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="3520" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1933–1934 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">Monaghan</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W._T._Cosgrave,_circa_1930_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="W. T. Cosgrave, circa 1930 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-W._T._Cosgrave%2C_circa_1930_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3241" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1934–1944 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlow%E2%80%93Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Carlow–Kilkenny</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a>) <p><a href="/wiki/1922_Irish_general_election" title="1922 Irish general election">1922</a>–<a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932</a> </p><p>(<a href="/wiki/1st_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Executive Council of the Irish Free State">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Executive Council of the Irish Free State">2nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Executive Council of the Irish Free State">3rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">4th</a> and <a href="/wiki/5th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">5th Executive Council of the Irish Free State</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gen. Richard Mulcahy cropped.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg/60px-Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg/90px-Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg/120px-Gen._Richard_Mulcahy_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="2138" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1944–1959<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tipperary_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Tipperary (Dáil constituency)">Tipperary</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></b> as Taoiseach<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948</a>–<a href="/wiki/1951_Irish_general_election" title="1951 Irish general election">1951</a>; <a href="/wiki/1954_Irish_general_election" title="1954 Irish general election">1954</a>–<a href="/wiki/1957_Irish_general_election" title="1957 Irish general election">1957</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/5th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Government of Ireland">5th</a> and <a href="/wiki/7th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Government of Ireland">7th Government of Ireland</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -10px; width: 80px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="James Dillon circa 1930s.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/80px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/120px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg/160px-James_Dillon_circa_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1959–1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">Monaghan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave-Patricks Day 1976.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/60px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/90px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/120px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1965–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dún Laoghaire (Dáil constituency)">Dún Laoghaire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a>–<a href="/wiki/1977_Irish_general_election" title="1977 Irish general election">1977</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/14th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Government of Ireland">14th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garret_FitzGerald_1975_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1977–1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-East</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981</a> – <a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">Feb 1982</a>; <a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">Nov 1982</a>–<a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/17th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Government of Ireland">17th</a> and <a href="/wiki/19th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Government of Ireland">19th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Dukes,_December_1996_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Alan Dukes, December 1996 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Alan_Dukes%2C_December_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="866" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1987–1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kildare_South_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Kildare South (Dáil constituency)">Kildare South</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bruton,_February_2002_(cropped_02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Bruton, February 2002 (cropped 02).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/60px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/90px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/120px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>1990–2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meath_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Meath (Dáil constituency)">Meath</a> </td> <td>1994–<a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_general_election" title="1997 Irish general election">1997</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/24th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Government of Ireland">24th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Noonan,_Nov_1996_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Michael Noonan, Nov 1996 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Michael_Noonan%2C_Nov_1996_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="417" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>2001–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limerick_East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Limerick East (Dáil constituency)">Limerick East</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enda Kenny EPP 2014 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>2002–2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayo_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Mayo (Dáil constituency)">Mayo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011</a>–2017<br />(<a href="/wiki/29th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Government of Ireland">29th</a> and <a href="/wiki/30th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="30th Government of Ireland">30th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_(36679163084)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tallinn Digital Summit. Handshake Leo Varadkar and Jüri Ratas (36679163084) (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Tallinn_Digital_Summit._Handshake_Leo_Varadkar_and_J%C3%BCri_Ratas_%2836679163084%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1381" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>2017–2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a> </td> <td>2017–<a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a>; <i>as Tánaiste</i> 2020–2022<br />(<a href="/wiki/31st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Government of Ireland">31st</a>, <a href="/wiki/32nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Government of Ireland">32nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/33rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Government of Ireland">33rd Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></b> </td> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -10px; width: 80px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Simon Harris at the Special European Council - 2024 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Simon_Harris_at_the_Special_European_Council_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="3860" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td>2024–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wicklow_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Wicklow (Dáil constituency)">Wicklow</a> </td> <td>2024–present<br />(<a href="/wiki/34th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Government of Ireland">34th Government of Ireland</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_leader">Deputy leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Deputy leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Constituency </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a> </td> <td>1972–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_County_South_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin County South (Dáil constituency)">Dublin County South</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barry_(politician)" title="Peter Barry (politician)">Peter Barry</a> </td> <td>1977–1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a> </td> <td>1987–1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meath_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Meath (Dáil constituency)">Meath</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barry_(politician)" title="Peter Barry (politician)">Peter Barry</a> </td> <td>1991–1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nora_Owen" title="Nora Owen">Nora Owen</a> </td> <td>1993–2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Jim Mitchell (politician)">Jim Mitchell</a> </td> <td>2001–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a> </td> <td>2002–2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Reilly_(Irish_politician)" title="James Reilly (Irish politician)">James Reilly</a> </td> <td>2010–2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_North_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a> </td> <td>2017–2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heather_Humphreys" title="Heather Humphreys">Heather Humphreys</a> </td> <td>Apr.–Oct. 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavan%E2%80%93Monaghan_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cavan–Monaghan (Dáil constituency)">Cavan–Monaghan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helen_McEntee" title="Helen McEntee">Helen McEntee</a> </td> <td>2024–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meath_East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Meath East (Dáil constituency)">Meath East</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seanad_leader">Seanad leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Seanad leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Panel </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael J. O'Higgins</a> </td> <td>1973–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated member of Seanad Éireann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cooney" title="Patrick Cooney">Patrick Cooney</a> </td> <td>1977–1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Hussey" title="Gemma Hussey">Gemma Hussey</a> </td> <td>1981–1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)#Seanad" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University of Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a> </td> <td>1982–1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)#Seanad" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University of Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Manning" title="Maurice Manning">Maurice Manning</a> </td> <td>1987–2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hayes_(politician)" title="Brian Hayes (politician)">Brian Hayes</a> </td> <td>2002–2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Finucane" title="Michael Finucane">Michael Finucane</a> </td> <td>2007 (acting) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Frances Fitzgerald (politician)">Frances Fitzgerald</a> </td> <td>2007–2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cummins" title="Maurice Cummins">Maurice Cummins</a> </td> <td>2011–2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Buttimer" title="Jerry Buttimer">Jerry Buttimer</a> </td> <td>2016–2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Doherty" title="Regina Doherty">Regina Doherty</a> </td> <td>2020–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated member of Seanad Éireann</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dáil_Éireann"><span id="D.C3.A1il_.C3.89ireann"></span>Dáil Éireann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Dáil Éireann"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>1st pref<br />votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>± </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1937_Irish_general_election" title="1937 Irish general election">1937</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> </td> <td>461,171 </td> <td>34.8 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">48 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a> </th> <td>428,633 </td> <td>33.3 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1943_Irish_general_election" title="1943 Irish general election">1943</a> </th> <td>307,490 </td> <td>23.1 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1944_Irish_general_election" title="1944 Irish general election">1944</a> </th> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a> </td> <td>249,329 </td> <td>20.5 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 138</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948</a> </th> <td>262,393 </td> <td>19.8 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">LP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">CnP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Talmhan" title="Clann na Talmhan">CnT</a>–<a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Labour Party (Ireland)">NLP</a><br />minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1951_Irish_general_election" title="1951 Irish general election">1951</a> </th> <td>349,922 </td> <td>27.2 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">40 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1954_Irish_general_election" title="1954 Irish general election">1954</a> </th> <td>427,031 </td> <td>32.0 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–LP–CnT </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_Irish_general_election" title="1957 Irish general election">1957</a> </th> <td>326,699 </td> <td>26.6 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">40 / 147</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1961_Irish_general_election" title="1961 Irish general election">1961</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a> </td> <td>374,099 </td> <td>32.0 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">47 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Irish_general_election" title="1965 Irish general election">1965</a> </th> <td>427,081 </td> <td>34.1 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">47 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a> </td> <td>449,749 </td> <td>34.1 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a> </th> <td>473,781 </td> <td>35.1 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–LP </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Irish_general_election" title="1977 Irish general election">1977</a> </th> <td>488,767 </td> <td>30.5 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">43 / 148</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981</a> </th> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> </td> <td>626,376 </td> <td>36.5 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">65 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–LP minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">Feb 1982</a> </th> <td>621,088 </td> <td>37.3 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">63 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">Nov 1982</a> </th> <td>662,284 </td> <td>39.2 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">70 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG-LP </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987</a> </th> <td>481,127 </td> <td>27.1 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">51 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Irish_general_election" title="1989 Irish general election">1989</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a> </td> <td>485,307 </td> <td>29.3 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">55 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1992_Irish_general_election" title="1992 Irish general election">1992</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">422,106 </td> <td rowspan="2">24.5 (#2) </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition <small>(1992–1994)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–LP–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">DL</a> <small>(1994–1997)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_general_election" title="1997 Irish general election">1997</a> </th> <td>499,936 </td> <td>27.9 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">54 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Irish_general_election" title="2002 Irish general election">2002</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a> </td> <td>417,619 </td> <td>22.5 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Irish_general_election" title="2007 Irish general election">2007</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a> </td> <td>564,428 </td> <td>27.3 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">51 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011</a> </th> <td>801,628 </td> <td>36.1 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">76 / 166</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG–LP </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016</a> </th> <td>544,410 </td> <td>25.5 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 158</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">FG minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> </td> <td>455,568 </td> <td>20.9 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">35 / 160</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–FG–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">GP</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>1st pref.<br />votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1945_Irish_presidential_election" title="1945 Irish presidential election">1945</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a> </td> <td align="center">335,539 </td> <td align="center">30.9% </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1959_Irish_presidential_election" title="1959 Irish presidential election">1959</a> </td> <td align="center">Seán Mac Eoin </td> <td align="center">417,536 </td> <td align="center">43.7% </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1966_Irish_presidential_election" title="1966 Irish presidential election">1966</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a> </td> <td align="center">548,144 </td> <td align="center">49.5% </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.8 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_presidential_election" title="1973 Irish presidential election">1973</a> </td> <td align="center">Tom O'Higgins </td> <td align="center">587,771 </td> <td align="center">48% </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.5 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1974_Irish_presidential_election" title="1974 Irish presidential election">1974</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a> with Fianna Fáil per agreement </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Currie" title="Austin Currie">Austin Currie</a> </td> <td align="center">267,902 </td> <td align="center">17% </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_presidential_election" title="1997 Irish presidential election">1997</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Banotti" title="Mary Banotti">Mary Banotti</a> </td> <td align="center">372,002 </td> <td align="center">29.3% </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.3 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_presidential_election" title="2004 Irish presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> as an independent </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gay_Mitchell" title="Gay Mitchell">Gay Mitchell</a> </td> <td align="center">113,321 </td> <td align="center">6.4% </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="5">Supported <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D Higgins</a> as an independent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:97%;""> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>1st pref<br />Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Ireland">1979</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> </td> <td>464,451 </td> <td>33.13 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Ireland">1984</a> </th> <td>361,034 </td> <td>32.22 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1989 European Parliament election in Ireland">1989</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a> </td> <td>353,094 </td> <td>21.63 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1994 European Parliament election in Ireland">1994</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a> </td> <td>276,095 </td> <td>24.27 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Ireland">1999</a> </th> <td>342,171 </td> <td>24.59 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party-European_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party-European Democrats">EPP-ED</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Ireland">2004</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a> </td> <td>494,412 </td> <td>27.76 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">2009</a> </th> <td>532,889 </td> <td>29.13 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">2014</a> </th> <td>369,120 </td> <td>22.28 (#2) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 11</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> </td> <td>496,459 </td> <td>29.59 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Ireland">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> </td> <td>362,766 </td> <td>20.79 (#1) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6699FF; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_performance_since_2009">Electoral performance since 2009</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Electoral performance since 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_Irish_local_elections" title="2009 Irish local elections">2009 local elections</a> held on 5 June 2009, Fine Gael won 556 seats, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> which won 407 seats, and making Fine Gael the largest party of local government nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They gained 88 seats from their 2004 result. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">2009 European Parliament election</a> held on the same day as the local elections, which saw a reduction in the number seats from 13 to 12 for Ireland, the party won four seats, retaining the largest number of seats of an Irish party in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. This was a loss of one seat from its 2004 result.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 general election</a>, Fine Gael gained 25 seats bringing them to a total of 76. The party ran candidates in all 43 constituencies and had candidates elected in every constituency except <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-West</a>. Fine Gael won 19 seats in <a href="/wiki/24th_Seanad" title="24th Seanad">Seanad Éireann</a> following the 2011 election, a gain of four from the previous election in 2007. </p><p>While Fine Gael was responsible for the initial nomination of the uncontested, first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a>, a Fine Gael candidate has never won an election to the office of president. The Fine Gael presidential candidate, <a href="/wiki/Gay_Mitchell" title="Gay Mitchell">Gay Mitchell</a>, finished fourth in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011 presidential election</a>, with 6.4% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Fine Gael supported the re-election of President <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a>. Similarly, it supported the re-election of <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018 presidential election</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016 general election</a> the outgoing government consisting of Fine Gael and its partner the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> was defeated. The previous government had the largest majority in the history of the state with a combined 113 seats out of the 166-seat <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>. The aftermath of the general election resulted in months of negotiations for an agreement of government. A deal was reached with the main opposition and traditional rival Fianna Fáil to facilitate a minority <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 32nd Dáil">Fine Gael-led government</a>. Fine Gael governed <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> alone with eight <a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politicians">Independent</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil</a> until 2020, when the party emerged as the third party following the general election. After governing for several months in a caretaker capacity, Fine Gael agreed to serve in a historic coalition government along with its traditional rival, Fianna Fáil, and the Green Party, with Fianna Fáil leader <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> serving as Taoiseach and Leo Varadkar serving as Tánaiste. As per the agreed Programme for Government, on 17 December 2022, Leo Varadkar returned to the role of Taoiseach with Micheál Martin as Tánaiste.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Front_bench">Front bench</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Front bench"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael_Front_Bench" title="Fine Gael Front Bench">Fine Gael Front Bench</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Young_Fine_Gael">Young Fine Gael</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Young Fine Gael"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a> (YFG) is the autonomous youth movement of Fine Gael. It was founded in 1976 by the then leader <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a>. It caters for young people under 35 with an interest in Fine Gael and politics, in cities, towns and third level colleges throughout Ireland. YFG is led by its national executive consisting of ten members elected on a regional basis, and on a national panel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Duffy did not hold a seat in the Oireachtas while he was party leader.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While Mulcahy was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad</a> in 1944, <a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a> acted as parliamentary party leader. Between 1948 and 1959, <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> served as parliamentary leader.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While Mulcahy was party leader, Costello was Taoiseach on two occasions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The total number of Fine Gael TDs is compared to the combined total won by <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1933_Irish_general_election" title="1933 Irish general election">previous general election</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2024" class="citation news cs1">Sherlock, Cillian (17 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesspost.ie/politics/alan-farrell-named-fine-gael-chairman/">"Alan Farrell named Fine Gael chairman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Business_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Business Post">Sunday Business Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Business+Post&rft.atitle=Alan+Farrell+named+Fine+Gael+chairman&rft.date=2024-04-17&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Cillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesspost.ie%2Fpolitics%2Falan-farrell-named-fine-gael-chairman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finegael.ie/progressive-programme-for-government-will-improve-rights-and-equality-for-lgbti-people/">"Progressive Programme for Government will improve rights and equality for LGBTI+ people"</a>. 22 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progressive+Programme+for+Government+will+improve+rights+and+equality+for+LGBTI%2B+people&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finegael.ie%2Fprogressive-programme-for-government-will-improve-rights-and-equality-for-lgbti-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeena2020" class="citation news cs1">Keena, Colm (5 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/sinn-f%C3%A9in-is-the-richest-political-party-in-ireland-1.4193124">"Sinn Féin is the richest political party in Ireland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>This will bring total membership for [Sinn Féin] to around 15,000. According to their party spokespeople, Fine Gael has 25,000 members, while Fianna Fáil has 20,000.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Sinn+F%C3%A9in+is+the+richest+political+party+in+Ireland&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft.aulast=Keena&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsinn-f%25C3%25A9in-is-the-richest-political-party-in-ireland-1.4193124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HamannKelly2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HamannKelly2010_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HamannKelly2010_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerstin_HamannJohn_Kelly2010" class="citation book cs1">Kerstin Hamann; John Kelly (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1980"><i>Parties, Elections, and Policy Reforms in Western Europe: Voting for Social Pacts</i></a>. Routledge. p. 1980. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-94986-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-94986-9"><bdi>978-1-136-94986-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015846/https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1980">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parties%2C+Elections%2C+and+Policy+Reforms+in+Western+Europe%3A+Voting+for+Social+Pacts&rft.pages=1980&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-136-94986-9&rft.au=Kerstin+Hamann&rft.au=John+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5hXGBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PratRosenstein2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PratRosenstein2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PratRosenstein2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCesáreo_R._Aguilera_de_PratJed_Rosenstein2009" class="citation book cs1">Cesáreo R. Aguilera de Prat; Jed Rosenstein (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ctGllqdyg7oC&pg=PA64"><i>Political Parties and European Integration</i></a>. Peter Lang. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-535-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-535-4"><bdi>978-90-5201-535-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015848/https://books.google.com/books?id=ctGllqdyg7oC&pg=PA64">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+European+Integration&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-5201-535-4&rft.au=Ces%C3%A1reo+R.+Aguilera+de+Prat&rft.au=Jed+Rosenstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DctGllqdyg7oC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Extra.ie-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Extra.ie_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEva_Wall2020" class="citation web cs1">Eva Wall (26 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extra.ie/2020/06/26/news/politics/programme-for-government-agreement-approved">"End to century of civil war politics as Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael to enter historic coalition with Greens"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002084722/https://extra.ie/2020/06/26/news/politics/programme-for-government-agreement-approved">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+to+century+of+civil+war+politics+as+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Fine+Gael+to+enter+historic+coalition+with+Greens&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.au=Eva+Wall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextra.ie%2F2020%2F06%2F26%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fprogramme-for-government-agreement-approved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-HamannKelly2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HamannKelly2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PratRosenstein2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PratRosenstein2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extra.ie_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extra.ie-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nordsieck-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nordsieck_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordsieck2020" class="citation web cs1">Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ireland.html">"Ireland"</a>. <i>Parties and Elections in Europe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107051350/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/ireland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Nordsieck&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parties-and-elections.eu%2Fireland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaßlerMaginRussmannFenoll2021" class="citation book cs1">Haßler, Jörg; Magin, Melanie; Russmann, Uta; Fenoll, Vicente (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-73851-8"><i>Campaigning on Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament election : informing, interacting with, and mobilising voters</i></a>. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-73851-8">10.1007/978-3-030-73851-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030738518" title="Special:BookSources/9783030738518"><bdi>9783030738518</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240887708">240887708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campaigning+on+Facebook+in+the+2019+European+Parliament+election+%3A+informing%2C+interacting+with%2C+and+mobilising+voters&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240887708%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-73851-8&rft.isbn=9783030738518&rft.aulast=Ha%C3%9Fler&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Magin%2C+Melanie&rft.au=Russmann%2C+Uta&rft.au=Fenoll%2C+Vicente&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-73851-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuiterFarrellHarris2018" class="citation book cs1">Suiter, Jane; Farrell, David; Harris, Clodagh (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315453651-7/ireland-evolving-constitution-jane-suiter-david-farrell-clodagh-harris"><i>Constitutional acceleration within the European Union and beyond</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315453651-7">10.4324/9781315453651-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315453651" title="Special:BookSources/9781315453651"><bdi>9781315453651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+acceleration+within+the+European+Union+and+beyond&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315453651-7&rft.isbn=9781315453651&rft.aulast=Suiter&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Farrell%2C+David&rft.au=Harris%2C+Clodagh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781315453651-7%2Fireland-evolving-constitution-jane-suiter-david-farrell-clodagh-harris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Nordsieck_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunphy2015-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Dunphy2015" class="citation book cs1">Richard Dunphy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">"Ireland"</a>. In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of European Elections</i>. Routledge. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7"><bdi>978-1-317-50363-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015850/https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+European+Elections&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-50363-7&rft.au=Richard+Dunphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7stgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrottySchmitt1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrottySchmitt1998_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrottySchmitt1998_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_CrottyDavid_E._Schmitt1998" class="citation book cs1">William Crotty; David E. Schmitt (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zGrXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115"><i>Ireland and the Politics of Change</i></a>. Routledge. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88118-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-88118-6"><bdi>978-1-317-88118-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063655/https://books.google.com/books?id=zGrXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+and+the+Politics+of+Change&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-317-88118-6&rft.au=William+Crotty&rft.au=David+E.+Schmitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzGrXAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReesQuinn2010-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReesQuinn2010_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReesQuinn2010_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_ReesBrid_QuinnBernadette_Connaughton2010" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Rees; Brid Quinn; Bernadette Connaughton (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e4zLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47">"Ireland and the European Union"</a>. In Nicholas Rees; Brid Quinn; Bernadette Connaughton (eds.). <i>Europeanisation and New Patterns of Governance in Ireland</i>. Manchester University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-336-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-336-2"><bdi>978-1-84779-336-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015847/https://books.google.com/books?id=e4zLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland+and+the+European+Union&rft.btitle=Europeanisation+and+New+Patterns+of+Governance+in+Ireland&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84779-336-2&rft.au=Nicholas+Rees&rft.au=Brid+Quinn&rft.au=Bernadette+Connaughton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De4zLCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholls2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholls2015_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicholls2015_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_Nicholls2015" class="citation book cs1">Kate Nicholls (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HdAqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>Mediating Policy: Greece, Ireland, and Portugal Before the Eurozone Crisis</i></a>. Routledge. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-64273-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-64273-2"><bdi>978-1-317-64273-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015850/https://books.google.com/books?id=HdAqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediating+Policy%3A+Greece%2C+Ireland%2C+and+Portugal+Before+the+Eurozone+Crisis&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-64273-2&rft.au=Kate+Nicholls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHdAqBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Dunphy2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunphy2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrottySchmitt1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrottySchmitt1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReesQuinn2010_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReesQuinn2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nicholls2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholls2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/tds/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F33&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fdail%2F33%2FFine_Gael">"Find a TD – Houses of the Oireachtas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+TD+%E2%80%93+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Ftds%2F%3Ftab%3Dparty%26term%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fhouse%252Fdail%252F33%26party%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fparty%252Fdail%252F33%252FFine_Gael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/senators/?tab=party&term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fseanad%2F26&party=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fparty%2Fseanad%2F26%2FFine_Gael">"Find a Senator – Houses of the Oireachtas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+Senator+%E2%80%93+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fsenators%2F%3Ftab%3Dparty%26term%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fhouse%252Fseanad%252F26%26party%3D%252Fie%252Foireachtas%252Fparty%252Fseanad%252F26%252FFine_Gael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/full-list/all">"Full list of MEPs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+list+of+MEPs&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmeps%2Fen%2Ffull-list%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionsireland.org/results/local/2019local.cfm">"2019 Local contents"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=2019+Local+contents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fresults%2Flocal%2F2019local.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301000327/https://www.lexico.com/definition/fine_gael">"Fine Gael"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Fine+Gael">the original</a> on 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fine+Gael&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FFine%2BGael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/fine-gael">"Fine Gael"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814183826/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/fine-gael">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English&rft.atitle=Fine+Gael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffine-gael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamannKelly2010" class="citation book cs1">Hamann, Kerstin; Kelly, John (2 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1980"><i>Parties, Elections, and Policy Reforms in Western Europe: Voting for Social Pacts</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-94986-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-94986-9"><bdi>978-1-136-94986-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015846/https://books.google.com/books?id=5hXGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1980">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parties%2C+Elections%2C+and+Policy+Reforms+in+Western+Europe%3A+Voting+for+Social+Pacts&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.isbn=978-1-136-94986-9&rft.aulast=Hamann&rft.aufirst=Kerstin&rft.au=Kelly%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5hXGBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrat2009" class="citation book cs1">Prat, Cesáreo R. Aguilera de (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ctGllqdyg7oC&pg=PA64"><i>Political Parties and European Integration</i></a>. Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-535-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5201-535-4"><bdi>978-90-5201-535-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015848/https://books.google.com/books?id=ctGllqdyg7oC&pg=PA64">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+European+Integration&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-5201-535-4&rft.aulast=Prat&rft.aufirst=Ces%C3%A1reo+R.+Aguilera+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DctGllqdyg7oC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2020" class="citation news cs1">Wall, Eva (26 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extra.ie/2020/06/26/news/politics/programme-for-government-agreement-approved">"End to century of civil war politics as Fianna Fail and Fine Gael to enter historic coalition with Greens"</a>. <i>Extra.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002084722/https://extra.ie/2020/06/26/news/politics/programme-for-government-agreement-approved">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Extra.ie&rft.atitle=End+to+century+of+civil+war+politics+as+Fianna+Fail+and+Fine+Gael+to+enter+historic+coalition+with+Greens&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextra.ie%2F2020%2F06%2F26%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fprogramme-for-government-agreement-approved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanchoffSmith1999" class="citation book cs1">Banchoff, Thomas F.; Smith, Mitchell P. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA126"><i>Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18188-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015849/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA126">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union%3A+The+Contested+Polity&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18188-4&rft.aulast=Banchoff&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Mitchell+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgvLEFPY8l4C%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlomp2011" class="citation book cs1">Slomp, Hans (30 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA333"><i>Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39181-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39181-1"><bdi>978-0-313-39181-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015849/https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA333">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+A+Political+Profile%3A+An+American+Companion+to+European+Politics&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39181-1&rft.aulast=Slomp&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1uzkNq8xfIC%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuliffe2020" class="citation news cs1">McAuliffe, Nora-Ide (10 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/seismic-break-for-two-party-system-uk-and-us-media-react-to-election-2020-1.4168140">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Seismic break for two-party system': UK and US media react to Election 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. Dublin. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0791-5144">0791-5144</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=%27Seismic+break+for+two-party+system%27%3A+UK+and+US+media+react+to+Election+2020&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.issn=0791-5144&rft.aulast=McAuliffe&rft.aufirst=Nora-Ide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fseismic-break-for-two-party-system-uk-and-us-media-react-to-election-2020-1.4168140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawlessDumitrache2020" class="citation news cs1">Lawless, Jill; Dumitrache, Nicolae (7 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217144211/https://apnews.com/1efbef97b7a461786c0bc0c2539716b7">"Ireland's two-party system shaken by Sinn Fein surge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/1efbef97b7a461786c0bc0c2539716b7">the original</a> on 17 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+two-party+system+shaken+by+Sinn+Fein+surge&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Lawless&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.au=Dumitrache%2C+Nicolae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F1efbef97b7a461786c0bc0c2539716b7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finegael.ie/get-involved/join-fine-gael/">"Join Fine Gael"</a>. <i>Fine Gael</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915072833/https://www.finegael.ie/get-involved/join-fine-gael/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fine+Gael&rft.atitle=Join+Fine+Gael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finegael.ie%2Fget-involved%2Fjoin-fine-gael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2024" class="citation news cs1">Brennan, Eve (24 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/24/europe/simon-harris-ireland-new-leader-intl/index.html">"Ireland set for youngest-ever PM after Simon Harris wins leadership of governing party"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Controversy+and+the+Cult+of+Collins&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Frevolutionary-period-1912-23%2Fcontroversy-and-the-cult-of-collins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029110524/https://www.finegael.ie/the-party/history-of-fine-gael/">"History of Fine Gael"</a>. <i>Fine Gael</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finegael.ie/the-party/history-of-fine-gael/">the original</a> on 29 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fine+Gael&rft.atitle=History+of+Fine+Gael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finegael.ie%2Fthe-party%2Fhistory-of-fine-gael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fine-Gael">"Fine Gael | History, Policy, & Structure"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813183140/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fine-Gael">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Fine Gael. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919104743/https://www.finegael.ie/app/uploads/2017/05/FG-Constitution-2014-Aug.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fine+Gael+Constitution&rft.pub=Fine+Gael&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finegael.ie%2Fapp%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F05%2FFG-Constitution-2014-Aug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunphy20152-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunphy20152_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunphy2015" class="citation book cs1">Dunphy, Richard (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">"Ireland"</a>. In Viola, Donatella M. (ed.). <i>Routledge Handbook of European Elections</i>. Routledge. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-50363-7"><bdi>978-1-317-50363-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015850/https://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA247">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fine+Gael&rft.atitle=Our+Values&rft.aulast=Gael&rft.aufirst=Fine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finegael.ie%2Four-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Stanton-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-David_Stanton_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110204183741/http://stanton.ie/fine-gael-values/">"FG Values"</a>. <i>David Stanton website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stanton.ie/fine-gael-values/">the original</a> on 4 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Without+the+Blueshirts%2C+there+would+have+been+no+Fine+Gael&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Meehan%2C+Ciara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fwithout-the-blueshirts-there-would-have-been-no-fine-gael-1.4399082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Manning, "The Blueshirts", Dublin, 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGarry2005" class="citation book cs1">McGarry, Fearghal (2005). <i>Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2021</span> – via RTÉ Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Access+to+Contraceptives+Denied%2C+1974&rft.date=1974-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Farchives%2F2014%2F0717%2F631329-contraceptive-bill-defeated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald’s_positive_impact_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2021" class="citation news cs1">McConnell, Daniel (3 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/opinion/columnists/arid-40327691.html">"Garret FitzGerald's positive impact is one worth recalling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909165848/https://www.irishexaminer.com/opinion/columnists/arid-40327691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ireland+to+have+minority+Fine+Gael+government+after+deal+agreed&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmay%2F03%2Fireland-to-have-minority-fine-gael-government-after-deal-agreed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2017" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Henry (17 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/17/enda-kenny-announces-resignation-fine-gael-leader">"Enda Kenny announces resignation as Fine Gael leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202105837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/17/enda-kenny-announces-resignation-fine-gael-leader">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Enda+Kenny+announces+resignation+as+Fine+Gael+leader&rft.date=2017-05-17&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fmay%2F17%2Fenda-kenny-announces-resignation-fine-gael-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ReganO'Halloran2017" class="citation news cs1">O'Regan, Michael; O'Halloran, Marie (14 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-becomes-youngest-ever-taoiseach-1.3119285">"Leo Varadkar becomes youngest ever Taoiseach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202232826/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-becomes-youngest-ever-taoiseach-1.3119285">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Leo+Varadkar+becomes+youngest+ever+Taoiseach&rft.date=2017-07-14&rft.aulast=O%27Regan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=O%27Halloran%2C+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fleo-varadkar-becomes-youngest-ever-taoiseach-1.3119285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinehan2017" class="citation news cs1">Linehan, Hugh (3 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/is-having-a-gay-taoiseach-a-big-deal-for-ireland-1.3105955">"Is having a gay taoiseach a big deal for Ireland?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193609/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/is-having-a-gay-taoiseach-a-big-deal-for-ireland-1.3105955">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Is+having+a+gay+taoiseach+a+big+deal+for+Ireland%3F&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft.aulast=Linehan&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fis-having-a-gay-taoiseach-a-big-deal-for-ireland-1.3105955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2018" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Fiach (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/madigan-to-lead-fine-gael-group-seeking-repeal-of-abortion-law-1.3449471">"Madigan to lead Fine Gael group seeking repeal of abortion law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030911/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/madigan-to-lead-fine-gael-group-seeking-repeal-of-abortion-law-1.3449471">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Madigan+to+lead+Fine+Gael+group+seeking+repeal+of+abortion+law&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Fiach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fmadigan-to-lead-fine-gael-group-seeking-repeal-of-abortion-law-1.3449471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2020" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Rory (15 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/fine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition">"Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Greens agree deal to form Irish coalition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203032423/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/fine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fine+Gael%2C+Fianna+F%C3%A1il+and+Greens+agree+deal+to+form+Irish+coalition&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjun%2F15%2Ffine-gael-fianna-fail-and-greens-agree-deal-to-form-irish-coalition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devitt2021-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devitt2021_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmergutDevittAndersonPopic2021" class="citation book cs1">Immergut, Ellen M.; Devitt, Camilla; Anderson, Karen M.; Popic, Tamara, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPAxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90">"Ireland"</a>. <i>Health Politics in Europe: A Handbook</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192604248" title="Special:BookSources/9780192604248"><bdi>9780192604248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Health+Politics+in+Europe%3A+A+Handbook&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780192604248&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPAxEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cottey2018-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cottey2018_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottey2018" class="citation book cs1">Cottey, Andrew, ed. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=adFBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166">"Ireland and NATO: A Distinctly Low-Profile Partnership"</a>. <i>The European Neutrals and NATO: Non-alignment, Partnership, Membership?</i>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59524-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59524-9"><bdi>978-1-137-59524-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801194523/https://books.google.com/books?id=adFBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland+and+NATO%3A+A+Distinctly+Low-Profile+Partnership&rft.btitle=The+European+Neutrals+and+NATO%3A+Non-alignment%2C+Partnership%2C+Membership%3F&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-137-59524-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DadFBDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaginVigen2021-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaginVigen2021_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaßlerMaginRussmannFenoll2021" class="citation book cs1">Haßler, Jörg; Magin, Melanie; Russmann, Uta; Fenoll, Vicente, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xs9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137">"When Nothing Happened, but Much Changed: How Political Parties in Ireland Used Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election Campaign"</a>. <i>Campaigning on Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election: Informing, Interacting with, and Mobilising Voters</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030738518" title="Special:BookSources/9783030738518"><bdi>9783030738518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+Nothing+Happened%2C+but+Much+Changed%3A+How+Political+Parties+in+Ireland+Used+Facebook+in+the+2019+European+Parliament+Election+Campaign&rft.btitle=Campaigning+on+Facebook+in+the+2019+European+Parliament+Election%3A+Informing%2C+Interacting+with%2C+and+Mobilising+Voters&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9783030738518&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Xs9EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“Alexiadou2016”-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-“Alexiadou2016”_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexiadou2016" class="citation book cs1">Alexiadou, Despina (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXznCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153">"Ireland"</a>. <i>Ideologues, Partisans, and Loyalists: Ministers and Policymaking in Parliamentary Cabinets</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198755715" title="Special:BookSources/9780198755715"><bdi>9780198755715</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft.btitle=Ideologues%2C+Partisans%2C+and+Loyalists%3A+Ministers+and+Policymaking+in+Parliamentary+Cabinets&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780198755715&rft.aulast=Alexiadou&rft.aufirst=Despina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXznCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Banchoff1999-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Banchoff1999_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanchoff1999" class="citation book cs1">Banchoff, T. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA126"><i>Legitimacy and the European Union</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18188-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015849/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA126">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18188-4&rft.aulast=Banchoff&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgvLEFPY8l4C%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slomp2011-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slomp2011_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlomp2011" class="citation book cs1">Slomp, Hans (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA333"><i>Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39181-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39181-1"><bdi>978-0-313-39181-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015849/https://books.google.com/books?id=V1uzkNq8xfIC&pg=PA333">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+a+Political+Profile%3A+An+American+Companion+to+European+Politics&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39181-1&rft.aulast=Slomp&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1uzkNq8xfIC%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deutsche_Welle-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deutsche_Welle_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabeling2002" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tabeling, Petra (20 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/de/wahl-auf-der-gr%C3%BCnen-insel/a-521140">"Wahl auf der grünen Insel"</a> [Election on the green island]. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Wahl+auf+der+gr%C3%BCnen+Insel&rft.date=2002-05-20&rft.aulast=Tabeling&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fde%2Fwahl-auf-der-gr%25C3%25BCnen-insel%2Fa-521140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallagher1985-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher1985_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher1985" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Michael (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FDa8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA140"><i>Political Parties in the Republic of Ireland</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1797-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-1797-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-1797-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200721053806/https://books.google.com/books?id=FDa8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA140">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+the+Republic+of+Ireland&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-1797-1&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFDa8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell2005-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell2005_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2005" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Desmond (28 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=alKRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">"Proclaiming the Republic: Broadcasting Policy and the Corporate State in Ireland"</a>. In Kuhn, Raymond (ed.). <i>Broadcasting and Politics in Western Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-77954-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-77954-2"><bdi>978-1-135-77954-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801142748/https://books.google.com/books?id=alKRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Proclaiming+the+Republic%3A+Broadcasting+Policy+and+the+Corporate+State+in+Ireland&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+and+Politics+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-06-28&rft.isbn=978-1-135-77954-2&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DalKRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reidy2010-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reidy2010_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReidy2010" class="citation book cs1">Reidy, Theresa (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zbThAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA107">"Blissful Union? Fine Gael and the European Union"</a>. In Hayward, Katy; Murphy, Mary C. (eds.). <i>The Europeanization of Party Politics in Ireland, North and South</i>. Routledge. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-96560-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-96560-2"><bdi>978-1-317-96560-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blissful+Union%3F+Fine+Gael+and+the+European+Union&rft.btitle=The+Europeanization+of+Party+Politics+in+Ireland%2C+North+and+South&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-317-96560-2&rft.aulast=Reidy&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzbThAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HutterMalet2019-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HutterMalet2019_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutterMalet2019" class="citation book cs1">Hutter, Swen; Malet, Giorgio (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MDGdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA323">"Ireland: Limited Restructuration in the Post Child of Austerity"</a>. In Hutter, Swen; Kriesi, Hanspeter (eds.). <i>European Party Politics in Times of Crisis</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48379-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48379-7"><bdi>978-1-108-48379-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713220706/https://books.google.com/books?id=MDGdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA323">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ireland%3A+Limited+Restructuration+in+the+Post+Child+of+Austerity&rft.btitle=European+Party+Politics+in+Times+of+Crisis&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48379-7&rft.aulast=Hutter&rft.aufirst=Swen&rft.au=Malet%2C+Giorgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMDGdDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2016" class="citation news cs1">O'Connell, Hugh (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/election-trailfix-2609354-Feb2016/">"The TrailFix: What on earth has gone wrong with Fine Gael?"</a>. <i>The Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202181620/https://www.thejournal.ie/election-trailfix-2609354-Feb2016/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal&rft.atitle=The+TrailFix%3A+What+on+earth+has+gone+wrong+with+Fine+Gael%3F&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Felection-trailfix-2609354-Feb2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720130423/http://www.hoganstand.com/general/identity/extras/heritage/stories/mcollins.htm">"Michael Collins' view of life in Achill Gaeltacht"</a>. The Hogan Stand. 21 September 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoganstand.com/general/Identity/extras/heritage/stories/mcollins.htm">the original</a> on 20 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Collins%27+view+of+life+in+Achill+Gaeltacht&rft.pub=The+Hogan+Stand&rft.date=2005-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoganstand.com%2Fgeneral%2FIdentity%2Fextras%2Fheritage%2Fstories%2Fmcollins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieran2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kieran, Allen (16 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishmarxistreview.net/index.php/imr/article/viewFile/346/336">"Michael Collins: patriot hero or counterrevolutionary?"</a>. <i>Irish Marxist Review</i>. <b>8</b> (25). Socialist Workers Network: 41–45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210203203841/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3ADqQI9K3dRXgJ%3Awww.irishmarxistreview.net%2Findex.php%2Fimr%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F346%2F336+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ie&client=firefox-b-d">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Marxist+Review&rft.atitle=Michael+Collins%3A+patriot+hero+or+counterrevolutionary%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=41-45&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Kieran&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishmarxistreview.net%2Findex.php%2Fimr%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F346%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1983" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, Kurt Derek (1983). <i>Protestants in a Catholic State</i>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0412-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0412-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-0412-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protestants+in+a+Catholic+State&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0412-7&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Kurt+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomenicoHanley2006" class="citation book cs1">Domenico, Roy Palmer; Hanley, Mark Y. (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32362-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32362-1"><bdi>978-0-313-32362-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Modern+Christian+Politics&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32362-1&rft.aulast=Domenico&rft.aufirst=Roy+Palmer&rft.au=Hanley%2C+Mark+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2007" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Henry (2 August 2007). <i>Ireland Since 1939</i>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192688-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-192688-9"><bdi>978-0-14-192688-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+Since+1939&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2007-08-02&rft.isbn=978-0-14-192688-9&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.askaboutireland.ie/narrative-notes/just-society/">"Just Society"</a>. <i>AskAboutIreland.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190809105626/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/narrative-notes/just-society/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AskAboutIreland.ie&rft.atitle=Just+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.askaboutireland.ie%2Fnarrative-notes%2Fjust-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/results/referendum/refdetail.cfm?ref=1986R">"Referendum 26 June 1986 Dissolution of Marriage"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223141731/http://electionsireland.org//results/referendum/refdetail.cfm?ref=1986R">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=Referendum+26+June+1986+Dissolution+of+Marriage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fresults%2Freferendum%2Frefdetail.cfm%3Fref%3D1986R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/results/referendum/refresult.cfm?ref=1995R">"Referendum 24 November 1995 Dissolution of Marriage"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>. 24 November 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221171539/http://electionsireland.org/results/referendum/refresult.cfm?ref=1995R">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=Referendum+24+November+1995+Dissolution+of+Marriage&rft.date=1995-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fresults%2Freferendum%2Frefresult.cfm%3Fref%3D1995R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinnott1995" class="citation book cs1">Sinnott, Richard (1995). <i>Irish Voters Decide: Voting Behaviour in Elections and Referendums Since 1918</i>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4037-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4037-5"><bdi>978-0-7190-4037-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Voters+Decide%3A+Voting+Behaviour+in+Elections+and+Referendums+Since+1918&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4037-5&rft.aulast=Sinnott&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno2019" class="citation book cs1">Moreno, Alejandro (4 June 2019). <i>Political Cleavages: Issues, Parties, And The Consolidation Of Democracy</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-30717-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-30717-7"><bdi>978-1-000-30717-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Cleavages%3A+Issues%2C+Parties%2C+And+The+Consolidation+Of+Democracy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft.isbn=978-1-000-30717-7&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan1994" class="citation book cs1">Whelan, Christopher T. (1994). <i>Values and Social Change in Ireland</i>. Gill & Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-1947-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-1947-9"><bdi>978-0-7171-1947-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Values+and+Social+Change+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7171-1947-9&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Christopher+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Irish_Times-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Irish_Times_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-i-am-a-gay-man-minister-says-1.2070189/">"Leo Varadkar"</a>. <i>Fine Gael</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301135752/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-i-am-a-gay-man-minister-says-1.2070189">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Also reflected in <i>A, B, C v Ireland</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Eighth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1983</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1983/ca/8/enacted/en/html">[1]</a>). Enacted on 7 October 1983 by President <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a>. Amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927081342/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1983/ca/8/enacted/en/html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a> on 16 October 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/results/referendum/refdetail.cfm?ref=200225R/">"2002 referendum"</a>. <i>Elections Ireland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222074718/http://electionsireland.org/results/referendum/refdetail.cfm?ref=200225R%2F">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merrion+Street&rft.atitle=Global+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmerrionstreet.ie%2FMerrionStreet%2Fen%2FImageLibrary%2F20180612_Global_Ireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youthepp.eu/members-organizations/">"Member Organizations"</a>. <i>Youth of European People's Party</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A&C Black. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-5814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+and+Irish+Political+Organizations%3A+Parties%2C+Groups+and+Movements+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-5814-8&rft.aulast=Barberis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=McHugh%2C+John&rft.au=Tyldesley%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqps14mSlghcC%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2007" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Eoghan (7 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/what-fine-gael-needs-to-do-is-find-its-bottom/26283224.html">"What Fine Gael needs to do is find its bottom"</a>. <i>Irish Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106180621/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/what-fine-gael-needs-to-do-is-find-its-bottom-120576.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fine+Gael%27s+European+Strategy+%E2%80%93+EAST+WEST+EUROPE+%26%23124%3B+Ireland+and+the+Wider+Europe%2C+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feastwesteurope08.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F01%2F25%2Ffine-gaels-european-strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/1996/1205/Pg001.html">"Irish Times article"</a></span>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Irish+Times+article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Farchive%2F1996%2F1205%2FPg001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/1999/0217/fitzgerald.html">"AIB and Ansbacher wrote off Fitzgerald's £200,000 debt"</a>. <i>RTÉ News</i>. 17 February 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020020001/http://www.rte.ie/news/1999/0217/fitzgerald.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=AIB+and+Ansbacher+wrote+off+Fitzgerald%27s+%C2%A3200%2C000+debt&rft.date=1999-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F1999%2F0217%2Ffitzgerald.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/dail/2020/2020-05-01_33rd-dail-general-election-results_en.pdf">"33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results (Party totals begin on page 68)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Houses of the Oireachtas</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515140252/https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/dail/2020/2020-05-01_33rd-dail-general-election-results_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft.atitle=33rd+D%C3%81IL+GENERAL+ELECTION+8+February+2020+Election+Results+%28Party+totals+begin+on+page+68%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oireachtas.ie%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2FelectoralProcess%2FelectionResults%2Fdail%2F2020%2F2020-05-01_33rd-dail-general-election-results_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electionsireland.org/results/local/2009local.cfm">"2009 Local Elections"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090909072545/http://www.electionsireland.org/results/local/2009local.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=2009+Local+Elections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electionsireland.org%2Fresults%2Flocal%2F2009local.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810124801/http://www.rte.ie/news/elections/european/">"Elections 2009 – European Elections: National Summary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/elections/european/">the original</a> on 10 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Elections+2009+%E2%80%93+European+Elections%3A+National+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Felections%2Feuropean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2011P&cons=194">"2011 Presidential Election"</a>. <i>ElectionsIreland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722144459/http://electionsireland.org/result.cfm?election=2011P&cons=194">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=2011+Presidential+Election&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fresult.cfm%3Felection%3D2011P%26cons%3D194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrayHorgan-Jones2022" class="citation news cs1">Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack (17 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2022/12/17/leo-varadkar-takes-over-as-taoiseach-from-micheal-martin/#:~:text=Leo%20Varadkar%20will%20be%20elected,minimal%20reshuffling%20of%20Cabinet%20positions">"As it happened: Leo Varadkar becomes Taoiseach and announces new Cabinet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=As+it+happened%3A+Leo+Varadkar+becomes+Taoiseach+and+announces+new+Cabinet&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Horgan-Jones%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F12%2F17%2Fleo-varadkar-takes-over-as-taoiseach-from-micheal-martin%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DLeo%2520Varadkar%2520will%2520be%2520elected%2Cminimal%2520reshuffling%2520of%2520Cabinet%2520positions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFine+Gael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size:95%"> <ul><li><i>Nealon's Guide to the 29th Dáil and Seanad</i> (Gill and Macmillan, 2002) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-3288-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-3288-9">0-7171-3288-9</a>)</li> <li>Stephen Collins, "The Cosgrave Legacy" (Blackwater, 1996) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86121-658-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86121-658-X">0-86121-658-X</a>)</li> <li>Garret FitzGerald, "Garret FitzGerald: An Autobiography" (Gill and Macmillan, 1991) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-1600-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-1600-X">0-7171-1600-X</a>)</li> <li>Jack Jones, <i>In Your Opinion: Political and Social Trends in Ireland through the Eyes of the Electorate</i> (Townhouse, 2001) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86059-149-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86059-149-3">1-86059-149-3</a>)</li> <li>Maurice Manning, <i>James Dillon: A Biography</i> (Wolfhound, 1999–2000) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86327-823-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86327-823-X">0-86327-823-X</a>)</li> <li>Stephen O'Byrnes, <i>Hiding Behind a Face: Fine Gael under FitzGerald</i> (Gill and Macmillan: 1986) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-1448-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-1448-1">0-7171-1448-1</a>)</li> <li>Raymond Smith, <i>Garret: The Enigma</i> (Aherlow, 1985) (no ISBN)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_Gael&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Political parties</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Bracketed numbers indicates the current number of seats held by the party in each body</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> <span class="nobold">(160)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (33)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fine Gael</a> (32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">Social Democrats</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Change" title="Right to Change">Right to Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" title="Ceann Comhairle">Ceann Comhairle</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> <span class="nobold">(60)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (20)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fine Gael</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (11)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> <span class="nobold">(14 of 720)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fine Gael</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP</a>, 4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>, 4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left</a>, 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>, 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&A</a>, 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_%27Ming%27_Flanagan" title="Luke 'Ming' Flanagan">Flanagan</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McNamara_(politician)" title="Michael McNamara (politician)">McNamara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">City and County Councils</a> <span class="nobold">(949)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (246)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fine Gael</a> (246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> (57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">Social Democrats</a> (34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Ireland" title="Independent Ireland">Independent Ireland</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/100%25_Redress" title="100% Redress">100% Redress</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independents_4_Change" title="Independents 4 Change">Independents 4 Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom_Party" title="Irish Freedom Party">Irish Freedom Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Independent_Alliance" title="Kerry Independent Alliance">Kerry Independent Alliance</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Ireland,_2016)" title="National Party (Ireland, 2016)">National Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Change" title="Right to Change">Right to Change</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_and_Unemployed_Action" title="Workers and Unemployed Action">Workers and Unemployed Action</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a> (187)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renua" title="Renua">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland" title="Communist Party of Ireland">Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Alliance_(Ireland)" title="Farmers' Alliance (Ireland)">Farmers' Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADs_Nua" title="Fís Nua">Fís Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Ireland First">Ireland First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Dignity_Alliance" title="Human Dignity Alliance">Human Dignity Alliance</a></li> <li>The Irish People</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Republic" title="Liberty Republic">Liberty Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Animal_Welfare" title="Party for Animal Welfare">Party for Animal Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabharta" title="Rabharta">Rabharta</a></li> <li>United People</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Irish_parties" title="Template:Historic Irish parties">Defunct Irish political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fine_Gael" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fine_Gael" title="Template:Fine Gael"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fine_Gael" title="Template talk:Fine Gael"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fine_Gael" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fine Gael"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fine_Gael" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;">Fine Gael</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Fine_Gael" title="History of Fine Gael">History of Fine Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_Tribunal" title="Moriarty Tribunal">Moriarty Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">Progressive Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Treaty_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin">Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Alliance_(Ireland)" title="Reform Alliance (Ireland)">Reform Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renua" title="Renua">Renua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallaght_Strategy" title="Tallaght Strategy">Tallaght Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fine_Gael" title="Leader of Fine Gael"><span style="color:white;">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">Eoin O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dillon_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="James Dillon (Fine Gael politician)">James Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">Deputy leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barry_(politician)" title="Peter Barry (politician)">Peter Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barry_(politician)" title="Peter Barry (politician)">Peter Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Owen" title="Nora Owen">Nora Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Jim Mitchell (politician)">Jim Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reilly_(Irish_politician)" title="James Reilly (Irish politician)">James Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Humphreys" title="Heather Humphreys">Heather Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_McEntee" title="Helen McEntee">Helen McEntee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Seanad leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael O'Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cooney" title="Patrick Cooney">Patrick Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Hussey" title="Gemma Hussey">Gemma Hussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Manning" title="Maurice Manning">Maurice Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hayes_(politician)" title="Brian Hayes (politician)">Brian Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Finucane" title="Michael Finucane">Michael Finucane</a> (<i>acting</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Frances Fitzgerald (politician)">Frances Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cummins" title="Maurice Cummins">Maurice Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Buttimer" title="Jerry Buttimer">Jerry Buttimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Doherty" title="Regina Doherty">Regina Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Kyne" title="Seán Kyne">Seán Kyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Crotty" title="Kieran Crotty">Kieran Crotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donal_Creed" title="Donal Creed">Donal Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Enright" title="Tom Enright">Tom Enright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lowry_(politician)" title="Michael Lowry (politician)">Michael Lowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Higgins_(Irish_politician)" title="Jim Higgins (Irish politician)">Jim Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draic_McCormack" title="Pádraic McCormack">Pádraic McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayes_(Irish_politician)" title="Tom Hayes (Irish politician)">Tom Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Flanagan" title="Charles Flanagan">Charles Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Neville" title="Dan Neville">Dan Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heydon" title="Martin Heydon">Martin Heydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dillon" title="Alan Dillon">Alan Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Farrell" title="Alan Farrell">Alan Farrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="1987 Fine Gael leadership election">1987 (Dukes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="1990 Fine Gael leadership election">1990 (Bruton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="2001 Fine Gael leadership election">2001 (Noonan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="2002 Fine Gael leadership election">2002 (Kenny)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="2017 Fine Gael leadership election">2017 (Varadkar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Fine_Gael_leadership_election" title="2024 Fine Gael leadership election">2024 (Harris)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fine_Gael" title="Category:Fine Gael"><span style="color:white;">Party structures</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_Fine_Gael" title="Leader of Fine Gael">Leader of Fine Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardfheis" title="Ardfheis">Ardfheis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael_Front_Bench" title="Fine Gael Front Bench">Fine Gael Front Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fine_Gael" title="Young Fine Gael">Young Fine Gael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_Eoin" title="Seán Mac Eoin">Seán Mac Eoin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1945_Irish_presidential_election" title="1945 Irish presidential election">1945</a>, <a href="/wiki/1959_Irish_presidential_election" title="1959 Irish presidential election">1959</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins" title="Tom O'Higgins">Tom O'Higgins</a> (<a href="/wiki/1966_Irish_presidential_election" title="1966 Irish presidential election">1966</a>, <a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_presidential_election" title="1973 Irish presidential election">1973</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Currie" title="Austin Currie">Austin Currie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Banotti" title="Mary Banotti">Mary Banotti</a> (<a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_presidential_election" title="1997 Irish presidential election">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Mitchell" title="Gay Mitchell">Gay Mitchell</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">Unopposed presidential candidates<br />with Fine Gael support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_presidential_election" title="1938 Irish presidential election">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Irish_presidential_election" title="1974 Irish presidential election">1974</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%">Elected representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Dáil Éireann</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colm_Brophy" title="Colm Brophy">Colm Brophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colm_Burke" title="Colm Burke">Colm Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Burke_(politician)" title="Peter Burke (politician)">Peter Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Carroll_MacNeill" title="Jennifer Carroll MacNeill">Jennifer Carroll MacNeill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciar%C3%A1n_Cannon" title="Ciarán Cannon">Ciarán Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Creed" title="Michael Creed">Michael Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dillon" title="Alan Dillon">Alan Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Durkan" title="Bernard Durkan">Bernard Durkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_English" title="Damien English">Damien English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Farrell" title="Alan Farrell">Alan Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Feighan" title="Frank Feighan">Frank Feighan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Flanagan" title="Charles Flanagan">Charles Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Griffin_(Kerry_politician)" title="Brendan Griffin (Kerry politician)">Brendan Griffin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heydon" title="Martin Heydon">Martin Heydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emer_Higgins" title="Emer Higgins">Emer Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Humphreys" title="Heather Humphreys">Heather Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kehoe" title="Paul Kehoe">Paul Kehoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josepha_Madigan" title="Josepha Madigan">Josepha Madigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_McEntee" title="Helen McEntee">Helen McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegarde_Naughton" title="Hildegarde Naughton">Hildegarde Naughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_O%27Donnell" title="Kieran O'Donnell">Kieran O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Donovan" title="Patrick O'Donovan">Patrick O'Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_O%27Dowd" title="Fergus O'Dowd">Fergus O'Dowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Phelan" title="John Paul Phelan">John Paul Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neale_Richmond" title="Neale Richmond">Neale Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ring" title="Michael Ring">Michael Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stanton_(politician)" title="David Stanton (politician)">David Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><span style="color:white;">Seanad Éireann</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garret_Ahearn" title="Garret Ahearn">Garret Ahearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Bradley" title="Nikki Bradley">Nikki Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Burke" title="Paddy Burke">Paddy Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Buttimer" title="Jerry Buttimer">Jerry Buttimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Byrne" title="Maria Byrne">Maria Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Carrigy" title="Micheál Carrigy">Micheál Carrigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Conway_(Irish_politician)" title="Martin Conway (Irish politician)">Martin Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cummins_(Irish_politician)" title="John Cummins (Irish politician)">John Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emer_Currie" title="Emer Currie">Emer Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisling_Dolan" title="Aisling Dolan">Aisling Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Kyne" title="Seán Kyne">Seán Kyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Lombard" title="Tim Lombard">Tim Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGahon" title="John McGahon">John McGahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_O%27Reilly" title="Joe O'Reilly">Joe O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Seery_Kearney" title="Mary Seery Kearney">Mary Seery Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Ward_(politician)" title="Barry Ward (politician)">Barry Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament"><span style="color:white;">European Parliament</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Carberry" title="Nina Carberry">Nina Carberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Doherty" title="Regina Doherty">Regina Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Kelly_(Irish_politician)" title="Seán Kelly (Irish politician)">Seán Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Walsh_(politician)" title="Maria Walsh (politician)">Maria Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#6699FF;color:white;;width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">EPP Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699FF;color:white;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Democrat_International" title="Centrist Democrat International">Centrist Democrat International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_People&#039;s_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_People%27s_Party" title="Template:European People's Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_People%27s_Party" title="Template talk:European People's Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_People%27s_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European People's Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_People&#039;s_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party"><span style="color:white">European People's Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group"><span style="color:white">Parliamentary group</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Member_parties_(EU)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><span style="color:white">EU</span></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">ÖVP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">CD&V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/GERB" title="GERB">GERB/ГЕРБ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_for_a_Strong_Bulgaria" title="Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria">DSB/ДСБ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_for_Citizens_Movement" title="Bulgaria for Citizens Movement">BCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">SDS/СДС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">HDZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Demochristian_Party" title="Croatian Demochristian Party">HDS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">DISY/ΔΗ.ΣΥ.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Democratic_Union_%E2%80%93_Czechoslovak_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party">KDU–ČSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOP_09" title="TOP 09">TOP 09</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Christian Democrats (Denmark)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" title="Conservative People's Party (Denmark)">C</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Isamaa" title="Isamaa">Isamaa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Finland)" title="Christian Democrats (Finland)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Party" title="National Coalition Party">Kok./Saml.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">ND/Ν.Δ.</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">FG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Alternative" title="Popular Alternative">AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UdC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populars_for_Italy" title="Populars for Italy">PpI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">SVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentino_Tyrolean_Autonomist_Party" title="Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party">PATT</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unity_(Latvia)" title="Unity (Latvia)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Union" title="Homeland Union">TS-LKD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_People%27s_Party" title="Christian Social People's Party">CSV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Malta)" title="Nationalist Party (Malta)">PN</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">CDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">PO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">PSL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/CDS_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party" title="CDS – People's Party">CDS-PP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)">PPD-PSD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">PMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR/RMDSz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">KDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Slovakia)" title="Democrats (Slovakia)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Alliance_(Slovak_political_party)" title="Hungarian Alliance (Slovak political party)">MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_(political_party)" title="Slovakia (political party)">Slovensko</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Slovenia" title="New Slovenia">NSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_People%27s_Party" title="Slovenian People's Party">SLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrats_(Sweden)" title="Christian Democrats (Sweden)">KD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party" title="Moderate Party">M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Associated parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">PD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Iceland)" title="Independence Party (Iceland)">XD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/VMRO-DPMNE" title="VMRO-DPMNE">VMRO - DPMNE/ВМРО - ДПМНЕ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">H</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Progressive_Party" title="Serbian Progressive Party">SNS/СНС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Vojvodina_Hungarians" title="Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians">VMSZ/SVM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Centre_(political_party)" title="The Centre (political party)">DM-LC-AdC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Observer parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Armenia" title="Republican Party of Armenia">HHK/ՀՀԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_(Armenia)" title="Heritage (Armenia)">Heritage/Ժառանգություն</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Christian_Democracy" title="Belarusian Christian Democracy">BCD/БХД</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Civic_Party_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="United Civic Party of Belarus">AHP/АГП</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Movement_for_Freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Movement for Freedom (page does not exist)">За Свабоду</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina">HDZ BiH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Progress" title="Party of Democratic Progress">PDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">SDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union_1990" title="Croatian Democratic Union 1990">HDZ 1990</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement" title="United National Movement">ENM/ენმ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="European Georgia">EG/ევსა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic League of Kosovo">LDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Moldova" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova">PLDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Action_and_Solidarity" title="Party of Action and Solidarity">PAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_and_Truth_Platform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity and Truth Platform Party">PPDA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bosniak_Party" title="Bosniak Party">BS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Norway)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Norway)">KrF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party">PDCS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna/Батьківщина</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Solidarity" title="European Solidarity">YeS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR/УДАР</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Reliance_(political_party)" title="Self Reliance (political party)">Об'єднання «Самопоміч»/Ob'yednannya «Samopomich»</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanasis_Bakolas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanasis Bakolas (page does not exist)">Thanasis Bakolas</a> (Secretary General)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariya_Gabriel" title="Mariya Gabriel">Mariya Gabriel</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olgierd_Geblewicz" title="Olgierd Geblewicz">Olgierd Geblewicz</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Pons" title="Esteban González Pons">Esteban González Pons</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hahn" title="Johannes Hahn">Johannes Hahn</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Halicki" title="Andrzej Halicki">Andrzej Halicki</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_de_Lange" title="Esther de Lange">Esther de Lange</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McAllister" title="David McAllister">David McAllister</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an" title="Siegfried Mureșan">Siegfried Mureșan</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Petteri Orpo</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubravka_%C5%A0uica" title="Dubravka Šuica">Dubravka Šuica</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a> (Vice-President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Rangel" title="Paulo Rangel">Paulo Rangel</a> (Treasurer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (<i>ex officio</i> Vice-President)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Weber" title="Manfred Weber">Manfred Weber</a> (Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Danjean" title="Arnaud Danjean">Arnaud Danjean</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Pons" title="Esteban González Pons">Esteban González Pons</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kalniete" title="Sandra Kalniete">Sandra Kalniete</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kovatchev" title="Andrey Kovatchev">Andrey Kovatchev</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_de_Lange" title="Esther de Lange">Esther de Lange</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakis" title="Vangelis Meimarakis">Vangelis Meimarakis</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Mure%C8%99an" title="Siegfried Mureșan">Siegfried Mureșan</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Olbrycht" title="Jan Olbrycht">Jan Olbrycht</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Rangel" title="Paulo Rangel">Paulo Rangel</a> (Vice-Chair)</li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">European Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdis_Dombrovskis" title="Valdis Dombrovskis">Valdis Dombrovskis</a> (Vice-President, An Economy that Works for the People)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubravka_%C5%A0uica" title="Dubravka Šuica">Dubravka Šuica</a> (Vice-President, Democracy and Demography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaritis_Schinas" title="Margaritis Schinas">Margaritis Schinas</a> (Vice-President, Promoting the European Way of Life)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hahn" title="Johannes Hahn">Johannes Hahn</a> (Budget and Administration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a> (Trade)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariya_Gabriel" title="Mariya Gabriel">Mariya Gabriel</a> (Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_Kyriakides" title="Stella Kyriakides">Stella Kyriakides</a> (Health and Food Safety)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adina-Ioana_V%C4%83lean" title="Adina-Ioana Vălean">Adina-Ioana Vălean</a> (Transport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliv%C3%A9r_V%C3%A1rhelyi" title="Olivér Várhelyi">Olivér Várhelyi</a> (Neighbourhood and Enlargement)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">von der Leyen Commission</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#3399FF;color:white;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Karl Nehammer</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> (Croatia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Petteri Orpo</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Evika Siliņa</a> (Latvia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Luc Frieden</a> (Luxembourg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Ulf Kristersson</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;color:white"><div><a href="/wiki/European_political_foundation" title="European political foundation"><span style="color:white">European political foundation</span></a>: <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens_Centre_for_European_Studies" title="Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies"><span style="color:white"><i>Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies</i></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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