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automata</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: follow automata"> <meta name="keywords" content="follow automata"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="follow automata"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1867</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: follow automata</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1867</span> Classification Based on Deep Neural Cellular Automata Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20F.%20Hassan">Yasser F. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deep learning structure is a branch of machine learning science and greet achievement in research and applications. Cellular neural networks are regarded as array of nonlinear analog processors called cells connected in a way allowing parallel computations. The paper discusses how to use deep learning structure for representing neural cellular automata model. The proposed learning technique in cellular automata model will be examined from structure of deep learning. A deep automata neural cellular system modifies each neuron based on the behavior of the individual and its decision as a result of multi-level deep structure learning. The paper will present the architecture of the model and the results of simulation of approach are given. Results from the implementation enrich deep neural cellular automata system and shed a light on concept formulation of the model and the learning in it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20cellular%20automata" title=" neural cellular automata"> neural cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104722/classification-based-on-deep-neural-cellular-automata-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1866</span> The Different Ways to Describe Regular Languages by Using Finite Automata and the Changing Algorithm Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmajid%20Mukhtar%20Afat">Abdulmajid Mukhtar Afat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at introducing finite automata theory, the different ways to describe regular languages and create a program to implement the subset construction algorithms to convert nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) to deterministic finite automata (DFA). This program is written in c++ programming language. The program reads FA 5tuples from text file and then classifies it into either DFA or NFA. For DFA, the program will read the string w and decide whether it is acceptable or not. If accepted, the program will save the tracking path and point it out. On the other hand, when the automation is NFA, the program will change the Automation to DFA so that it is easy to track and it can decide whether the w exists in the regular language or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20automata" title="finite automata">finite automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subset%20construction" title=" subset construction"> subset construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFA" title=" DFA"> DFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFA" title=" NFA"> NFA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11396/the-different-ways-to-describe-regular-languages-by-using-finite-automata-and-the-changing-algorithm-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1865</span> Glushkov's Construction for Functional Subsequential Transducers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Mendoza">Aleksander Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glushkov's construction has many interesting properties, and they become even more evident when applied to transducers. This article strives to show the vast range of possible extensions and optimisations for this algorithm. Special flavour of regular expressions is introduced, which can be efficiently converted to e-free functional subsequential weighted finite state transducers. Produced automata are very compact, as they contain only one state for each symbol (from input alphabet) of original expression and only one transition for each range of symbols, no matter how large. Such compactified ranges of transitions allow for efficient binary search lookup during automaton evaluation. All the methods and algorithms presented here were used to implement open-source compiler of regular expressions for multitape transducers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20automata" title="weighted automata">weighted automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transducers" title=" transducers"> transducers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glushkov" title=" Glushkov"> Glushkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follow%20automata" title=" follow automata"> follow automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20expressions" title=" regular expressions"> regular expressions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129609/glushkovs-construction-for-functional-subsequential-transducers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1864</span> Cellular Automata Using Fractional Integral Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20F.%20Hassan">Yasser F. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a proposed model of cellular automata is studied by means of fractional integral function. A cellular automaton is a decentralized computing model providing an excellent platform for performing complex computation with the help of only local information. The paper discusses how using fractional integral function for representing cellular automata memory or state. The architecture of computing and learning model will be given and the results of calibrating of approach are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20integral" title="fractional integral">fractional integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55312/cellular-automata-using-fractional-integral-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1863</span> Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Cellular Automata and Fuzzy Cellular Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Javadzadeh">Ramin Javadzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The particle swarm optimization are Meta heuristic optimization method, which are used for clustering and pattern recognition applications are abundantly. These algorithms in multimodal optimization problems are more efficient than genetic algorithms. A major drawback in these algorithms is their slow convergence to global optimum and their weak stability can be considered in various running of these algorithms. In this paper, improved Particle swarm optimization is introduced for the first time to overcome its problems. The fuzzy cellular automata is used for improving the algorithm efficiently. The credibility of the proposed approach is evaluated by simulations, and it is shown that the proposed approach achieves better results can be achieved compared to the Particle swarm optimization algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20learning%20automata" title=" cellular learning automata"> cellular learning automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20search" title=" local search"> local search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24739/improved-particle-swarm-optimization-with-cellular-automata-and-fuzzy-cellular-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1862</span> Using ε Value in Describe Regular Languages by Using Finite Automata, Operation on Languages and the Changing Algorithm Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmajid%20Mukhtar%20Afat">Abdulmajid Mukhtar Afat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at introducing nondeterministic finite automata with ε value which is used to perform some operations on languages. a program is created to implement the algorithm that converts nondeterministic finite automata with ε value (ε-NFA) to deterministic finite automata (DFA).The program is written in c++ programming language. The program inputs are FA 5-tuples from text file and then classifies it into either DFA/NFA or ε -NFA. For DFA, the program will get the string <em>w</em> and decide whether it is accepted or rejected. The tracking path for an accepted string is saved by the program. In case of NFA or ε-NFA automation, the program changes the automation to DFA to enable tracking and to decide if the string <em>w</em> exists in the regular language or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFA" title="DFA">DFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFA" title=" NFA"> NFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B5-NFA" title=" ε-NFA"> ε-NFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eclose" title=" eclose"> eclose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20automata" title=" finite automata"> finite automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations%20on%20languages" title=" operations on languages"> operations on languages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21029/using-e-value-in-describe-regular-languages-by-using-finite-automata-operation-on-languages-and-the-changing-algorithm-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1861</span> On the Study of All Waterloo Automaton Semilattices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20Abramyan">Mikhail Abramyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20Melnikov"> Boris Melnikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim is to study the set of subsets of grids of the Waterloo automaton and the set of covering automata defined by the grid subsets. The study was carried out using the library for working with nondeterministic finite automata NFALib implemented by one of the authors (M. Abramyan) in C#. The results are regularities obtained when considering semilattices of covering automata for the Waterloo automaton. A complete description of the obtained semilattices from the point of view of equivalence of the covering automata to the original Waterloo automaton is given, the criterion of equivalence of the covering automaton to the Waterloo automaton in terms of properties of the subset of grids defining the covering automaton is formulated. The relevance of the subject area under consideration is due to the need to research a set of regular languages and, in particular, a description of their various subclasses. Also relevant are the problems that may arise in some subclasses. This will give, among other things, the possibility of describing new algorithms for the equivalent transformation of nondeterministic finite automata. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondeterministic%20finite%20automata" title="nondeterministic finite automata">nondeterministic finite automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20automaton" title=" universal automaton"> universal automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid" title=" grid"> grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covering%20automaton" title=" covering automaton"> covering automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20transformation%20algorithms" title=" equivalent transformation algorithms"> equivalent transformation algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Waterloo%20automaton" title=" the Waterloo automaton"> the Waterloo automaton</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172838/on-the-study-of-all-waterloo-automaton-semilattices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1860</span> A Graph SEIR Cellular Automata Based Model to Study the Spreading of a Transmittable Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Sharma">Natasha Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulbhushan%20Agnihotri"> Kulbhushan Agnihotri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellular Automata are discrete dynamical systems which are based on local character and spatial disparateness of the spreading process. These factors are generally neglected by traditional models based on differential equations for epidemic spread. The aim of this work is to introduce an SEIR model based on cellular automata on graphs to imitate epidemic spreading. Distinctively, it is an SEIR-type model where the population is divided into susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered individuals. The results obtained from simulations are in accordance with the spreading behavior of a real time epidemics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20spread" title=" epidemic spread"> epidemic spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph" title=" graph"> graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible" title=" susceptible"> susceptible</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33909/a-graph-seir-cellular-automata-based-model-to-study-the-spreading-of-a-transmittable-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1859</span> 2D Hexagonal Cellular Automata: The Complexity of Forms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vural%20Erdogan">Vural Erdogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We created two-dimensional hexagonal cellular automata to obtain complexity by using simple rules same as Conway’s game of life. Considering the game of life rules, Wolfram's works about life-like structures and John von Neumann's self-replication, self-maintenance, self-reproduction problems, we developed 2-states and 3-states hexagonal growing algorithms that reach large populations through random initial states. Unlike the game of life, we used six neighbourhoods cellular automata instead of eight or four neighbourhoods. First simulations explained that whether we are able to obtain sort of oscillators, blinkers, and gliders. Inspired by Wolfram's 1D cellular automata complexity and life-like structures, we simulated 2D synchronous, discrete, deterministic cellular automata to reach life-like forms with 2-states cells. The life-like formations and the oscillators have been explained how they contribute to initiating self-maintenance together with self-reproduction and self-replication. After comparing simulation results, we decided to develop the algorithm for another step. Appending a new state to the same algorithm, which we used for reaching life-like structures, led us to experiment new branching and fractal forms. All these studies tried to demonstrate that complex life forms might come from uncomplicated rules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexagonal%20cellular%20automata" title="hexagonal cellular automata">hexagonal cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-replication" title=" self-replication"> self-replication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-reproduction" title=" self-reproduction"> self-reproduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-%20maintenance" title=" self- maintenance"> self- maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99380/2d-hexagonal-cellular-automata-the-complexity-of-forms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1858</span> Rough Neural Networks in Adapting Cellular Automata Rule for Reducing Image Noise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20F.%20Hassan">Yasser F. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reduction or removal of noise in a color image is an essential part of image processing, whether the final information is used for human perception or for an automatic inspection and analysis. This paper describes the modeling system based on the rough neural network model to adaptive cellular automata for various image processing tasks and noise remover. In this paper, we consider the problem of object processing in colored image using rough neural networks to help deriving the rules which will be used in cellular automata for noise image. The proposed method is compared with some classical and recent methods. The results demonstrate that the new model is capable of being trained to perform many different tasks, and that the quality of these results is comparable or better than established specialized algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20sets" title="rough sets">rough sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20neural%20networks" title=" rough neural networks"> rough neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1516/rough-neural-networks-in-adapting-cellular-automata-rule-for-reducing-image-noise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1857</span> Drying Modeling of Banana Using Cellular Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fathi">M. Fathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Farhaninejad"> Z. Farhaninejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shahedi"> M. Shahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sadeghi"> M. Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drying is one of the oldest preservation methods for food and agriculture products. Appropriate control of operation can be obtained by modeling. Limitation of continues models for complex boundary condition and non-regular geometries leading to appearance of discrete novel methods such as cellular automata, which provides a platform for obtaining fast predictions by rule-based mathematics. In this research a one D dimensional CA was used for simulating thin layer drying of banana. Banana slices were dried with a convectional air dryer and experimental data were recorded for validating of final model. The model was programmed by MATLAB, run for 70000 iterations and von-Neumann neighborhood. The validation results showed a good accordance between experimental and predicted data (R=0.99). Cellular automata are capable to reproduce the expected pattern of drying and have a powerful potential for solving physical problems with reasonable accuracy and low calculating resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana" title="banana">banana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34912/drying-modeling-of-banana-using-cellular-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1856</span> Classification of Sequential Sports Using Automata Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniket%20Alam">Aniket Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sravya%20Gurram"> Sravya Gurram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a categorization of sport that is based on the system of rules that a sport must adhere to. We focus on these systems of rules to examine how a winner is produced in different sports. The rules of a sport dictate the game play and the direction it takes. We propose to break down the game play into events. At this junction, we observe two kinds of events that constitute the game play of a sport –ones that follow sequential logic and ones that do not. Our focus is pertained to sports that are comprised of sequential events. To examine these events further, to understand how a winner emerges, we take the help of finite-state automaton from the theory of computation (Automata theory). We showcase how sequential sports are eligible to be represented as finite state machines. We depict these finite state machines as state diagrams. We examine these state diagrams to observe how a team/player reaches the final states of the sport, with a special focus on one final state –the final state which determines the winner. This exercise has been carried out for the following sports: Hurdles, Track, Shot Put, Long Jump, Bowling, Badminton, Pacman and Weightlifting (Snatch). Based on our observations of how this final state of winning is achieved, we propose a categorization of sports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20classification" title="sport classification">sport classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20modelling" title=" sport modelling"> sport modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automata%20theory" title=" automata theory"> automata theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135104/classification-of-sequential-sports-using-automata-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1855</span> Multilevel Gray Scale Image Encryption through 2D Cellular Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupali%20Bhardwaj">Rupali Bhardwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data; the data are converted into some other gibberish form, and then the encrypted data are transmitted. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide two levels of security through a two-step process, rather than transmitted the message bits directly, first encrypted it using 2D cellular automata and then scrambled with Arnold Cat Map transformation; it provides an additional layer of protection and reduces the chance of the transmitted message being detected. A comparative analysis on effectiveness of scrambling technique is provided by scrambling degree measurement parameters i.e. Gray Difference Degree (GDD) and Correlation Coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrambling" title="scrambling">scrambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20cat%20map" title=" Arnold cat map"> Arnold cat map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20of%20life" title=" game of life"> game of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gray%20difference%20degree" title=" gray difference degree"> gray difference degree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20coefficient" title=" correlation coefficient"> correlation coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41177/multilevel-gray-scale-image-encryption-through-2d-cellular-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1854</span> A Hybrid System of Hidden Markov Models and Recurrent Neural Networks for Learning Deterministic Finite State Automata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavan%20K.%20Rallabandi">Pavan K. Rallabandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kailash%20C.%20Patidar"> Kailash C. Patidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present an optimization technique or a learning algorithm using the hybrid architecture by combining the most popular sequence recognition models such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Hidden Markov models (HMMs). In order to improve the sequence or pattern recognition/ classification performance by applying a hybrid/neural symbolic approach, a gradient descent learning algorithm is developed using the Real Time Recurrent Learning of Recurrent Neural Network for processing the knowledge represented in trained Hidden Markov Models. The developed hybrid algorithm is implemented on automata theory as a sample test beds and the performance of the designed algorithm is demonstrated and evaluated on learning the deterministic finite state automata. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title="hybrid systems">hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20markov%20models" title=" hidden markov models"> hidden markov models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20neural%20networks" title=" recurrent neural networks"> recurrent neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterministic%20finite%20state%20automata" title=" deterministic finite state automata"> deterministic finite state automata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37759/a-hybrid-system-of-hidden-markov-models-and-recurrent-neural-networks-for-learning-deterministic-finite-state-automata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1853</span> Achieving Better Security by Using Nonlinear Cellular Automata as a Cryptographic Primitive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Maiti">Swapan Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipanwita%20Roy%20Chowdhury"> Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear functions are essential in different cryptoprimitives as they play an important role on the security of the cipher designs. Rule 30 was identified as a powerful nonlinear function for cryptographic applications. However, an attack (MS attack) was mounted against Rule 30 Cellular Automata (CA). Nonlinear rules as well as maximum period CA increase randomness property. In this work, nonlinear rules of maximum period nonlinear hybrid CA (M-NHCA) are studied and it is shown to be a better crypto-primitive than Rule 30 CA. It has also been analysed that the M-NHCA with single nonlinearity injection proposed in the literature is vulnerable against MS attack, whereas M-NHCA with multiple nonlinearity injections provide maximum length cycle as well as better cryptographic primitives and they are also secure against MS attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20period%20nonlinear%20CA" title=" maximum period nonlinear CA"> maximum period nonlinear CA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meier%20and%20Staffelbach%20attack" title=" Meier and Staffelbach attack"> Meier and Staffelbach attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20functions" title=" nonlinear functions"> nonlinear functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864/achieving-better-security-by-using-nonlinear-cellular-automata-as-a-cryptographic-primitive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1852</span> Playing Light Switching Games with Langton's Turmite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crista%20Arangala">Crista Arangala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light switching games are both popular and well studied. This paper introduces a cellular automata called Langton’s turmite to several different light switching scenarios and discusses when Langton’s turmite can solve these games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lights%20out" title=" lights out"> lights out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alien%20tiles" title=" alien tiles"> alien tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title=" chaos"> chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langton%27s%20Turmite" title=" Langton's Turmite"> Langton's Turmite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31642/playing-light-switching-games-with-langtons-turmite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1851</span> Exploration of Various Metrics for Partitioning of Cellular Automata Units for Efficient Reconfiguration of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Tabatt">Peter Tabatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Siemers"> Christian Siemers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using FPGA devices to improve the behavior of time-critical parts of embedded systems is a proven concept for years. With reconfigurable FPGA devices, the logical blocks can be partitioned and grouped into static and dynamic parts. The dynamic parts can be reloaded 'on demand' at runtime. This work uses cellular automata, which are constructed through compilation from (partially restricted) ANSI-C sources, to determine the suitability of various metrics for optimal partitioning. Significant metrics, in this case, are for example the area on the FPGA device for the partition, the pass count for loop constructs and communication characteristics to other partitions. With successful partitioning, it is possible to use smaller FPGA devices for the same requirements as with not reconfigurable FPGA devices or – vice versa – to use the same FPGAs for larger programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20FPGA" title="reconfigurable FPGA">reconfigurable FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partitioning" title=" partitioning"> partitioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metrics" title=" metrics"> metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20computing" title=" parallel computing"> parallel computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56244/exploration-of-various-metrics-for-partitioning-of-cellular-automata-units-for-efficient-reconfiguration-of-field-programmable-gate-arrays-fpgas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1850</span> Cellular Automata Modelling of Titanium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Jha">Jyoti Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Tewari"> Asim Tewari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20Mishra"> Sushil Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The alpha-beta Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is the most common alloy in the aerospace industry. The hot workability of Ti–6Al–4V has been investigated by means of hot compression tests carried out in the 750–950 °C temperature range and 0.001–10s-1 strain rate range. Stress-strain plot obtained from the Gleeble 3800 test results show the dynamic recrystallization at temperature 950 °C. The effect of microstructural characteristics of the deformed specimens have been studied and correlated with the test temperature, total strain and strain rate. Finite element analysis in DEFORM 2D has been carried out to see the effect of flow stress parameters in different zones of deformed sample. Dynamic recrystallization simulation based on Cellular automata has been done in DEFORM 2D to simulate the effect of hardening and recovery during DRX. Simulated results well predict the grain growth and DRX in the deformed sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20test" title="compression test">compression test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cellular%20automata" title=" Cellular automata"> Cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEFORM" title=" DEFORM "> DEFORM </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRX" title=" DRX"> DRX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59613/cellular-automata-modelling-of-titanium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1849</span> Presenting a Job Scheduling Algorithm Based on Learning Automata in Computational Grid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshanak%20Khodabakhsh%20Jolfaei">Roshanak Khodabakhsh Jolfaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Akbari%20Torkestani"> Javad Akbari Torkestani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a cooperative environment for problem-solving, it is necessary that grids develop efficient job scheduling patterns with regard to their goals, domains and structure. Since the Grid environments facilitate distributed calculations, job scheduling appears in the form of a critical problem for the management of Grid sources that influences severely on the efficiency for the whole Grid environment. Due to the existence of some specifications such as sources dynamicity and conditions of the network in Grid, some algorithm should be presented to be adjustable and scalable with increasing the network growth. For this purpose, in this paper a job scheduling algorithm has been presented on the basis of learning automata in computational Grid which the performance of its results were compared with FPSO algorithm (Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm) and GJS algorithm (Grid Job Scheduling algorithm). The obtained numerical results indicated the superiority of suggested algorithm in comparison with FPSO and GJS. In addition, the obtained results classified FPSO and GJS in the second and third position respectively after the mentioned algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20grid" title="computational grid">computational grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20scheduling" title=" job scheduling"> job scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20scheduling" title=" dynamic scheduling"> dynamic scheduling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40508/presenting-a-job-scheduling-algorithm-based-on-learning-automata-in-computational-grid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1848</span> Land Use Change Modeling Using Cellular Automata, Case Study: Karawang City, West Java Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bagus%20Indrawan%20Hardi">Bagus Indrawan Hardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellular Automata are widely used in land use modeling, it has been proven powerful to simulate land use change for small scale in many large cities in the world. In this paper, we try to implement CA for land use modeling in unique city in Indonesia, Karawang. Instead the complex numerical implementation, CA are simple, and it is accurate and also highly dependable on the on the rules (rule based). The most important to do in CA is how we form and calculate the neighborhood effect. The neighborhood effect represents the environment and relationship situation between the occupied cell and others. We adopted 196 cells of circular neighborhood with 8 cells of radius. For the results, CA works well in this study, we exhibit several analyzed and proceed of zoomed part in Karawang region. The rule set can handle the complexity in land use modeling. However, we cannot strictly believe of the result, many non-technical parameters, such as politics, natural disaster activities, etc. may change the results dramatically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata%20%28CA%29" title="cellular automata (CA)">cellular automata (CA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20change" title=" land use change"> land use change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20dynamics" title=" spatial dynamics"> spatial dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sprawl" title=" urban sprawl"> urban sprawl</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56359/land-use-change-modeling-using-cellular-automata-case-study-karawang-city-west-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1847</span> A Neuro-Automata Decision Support System for the Control of Late Blight in Tomato Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizelle%20K.%20Vianna">Gizelle K. Vianna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20S.%20Oliveira"> Gustavo S. Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20V.%20Cunha"> Gabriel V. Cunha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of decision support systems in agriculture may help monitoring large fields of crops by automatically detecting the symptoms of foliage diseases. In our work, we designed and implemented a decision support system for small tomatoes producers. This work investigates ways to recognize the late blight disease from the analysis of digital images of tomatoes, using a pair of multilayer perceptron neural networks. The networks outputs are used to generate repainted tomato images in which the injuries on the plant are highlighted, and to calculate the damage level of each plant. Those levels are then used to construct a situation map of a farm where a cellular automata simulates the outbreak evolution over the fields. The simulator can test different pesticides actions, helping in the decision on when to start the spraying and in the analysis of losses and gains of each choice of action. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title=" cellular automata"> cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support%20system" title=" decision support system"> decision support system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63771/a-neuro-automata-decision-support-system-for-the-control-of-late-blight-in-tomato-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1846</span> A Learning Automata Based Clustering Approach for Underwater ‎Sensor Networks to Reduce Energy Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motahareh%20Fadaei">Motahareh Fadaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor networks that are used to monitor a special environment, are formed from a large number of sensor nodes. The role of these sensors is to sense special parameters from ambient and to make connection. In these networks, the most important challenge is the management of energy usage. Clustering is one of the methods that are broadly used to face this challenge. In this paper, a distributed clustering protocol based on learning automata is proposed for underwater wireless sensor networks. The proposed algorithm that is called LA-Clustering forms clusters in the same energy level, based on the energy level of nodes and the connection radius regardless of size and the structure of sensor network. The proposed approach is simulated and is compared with some other protocols with considering some metrics such as network lifetime, number of alive nodes, and number of transmitted data. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption%E2%80%8E" title=" energy consumption‎"> energy consumption‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20sensor%20networks" title=" underwater sensor networks"> underwater sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54462/a-learning-automata-based-clustering-approach-for-underwater-sensor-networks-to-reduce-energy-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1845</span> A New Learning Automata-Based Algorithm to the Priority-Based Target Coverage Problem in Directional Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaharuddin%20Salleh">Shaharuddin Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Marouf"> Sara Marouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Mohammadi"> Hosein Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Directional sensor networks (DSNs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their extensive applications in a wide range of situations. One of the most important problems associated with DSNs is covering a set of targets in a given area and, at the same time, maximizing the network lifetime. This is due to limitation in sensing angle and battery power of the directional sensors. This problem gets more complicated by the possibility that targets may have different coverage requirements. In the present study, this problem is referred to as priority-based target coverage (PTC). As sensors are often densely deployed, organizing the sensors into several cover sets and then activating these cover sets successively is a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a learning automata-based algorithm to organize the directional sensors into several cover sets in such a way that each cover set could satisfy coverage requirements of all the targets. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrated that the algorithms were able to contribute to solving the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20sensor%20networks" title="directional sensor networks">directional sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20coverage%20problem" title=" target coverage problem"> target coverage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20set%20formation" title=" cover set formation"> cover set formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205/a-new-learning-automata-based-algorithm-to-the-priority-based-target-coverage-problem-in-directional-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1844</span> Future of Nanotechnology in Digital MacDraw</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pejman%20Hosseinioun">Pejman Hosseinioun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolghasem%20Ghasempour"> Abolghasem Ghasempour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Gholami"> Elham Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Sarbazi"> Hamed Sarbazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the development in global semiconductor technology, it is anticipated that gadgets such as diodes and resonant transistor tunnels (RTD/RTT), Single electron transistors (SET) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) will substitute CMOS (Complementary Metallic Oxide Semiconductor) gadgets in many applications. Unfortunately, these new technologies cannot disembark the common Boolean logic efficiently and are only appropriate for liminal logic. Therefor there is no doubt that with the development of these new gadgets it is necessary to find new MacDraw technologies which are compatible with them. Resonant transistor tunnels (RTD/RTT) and circuit MacDraw with enhanced computing abilities are candida for accumulating Nano criterion in the future. Quantum cellular automata (QCA) are also advent Nano technological gadgets for electrical circuits. Advantages of these gadgets such as higher speed, smaller dimensions, and lower consumption loss are of great consideration. QCA are basic gadgets in manufacturing gates, fuses and memories. Regarding the complex Nano criterion physical entity, circuit designers can focus on logical and constructional design to decrease complication in MacDraw. Moreover Single electron technology (SET) is another noteworthy gadget considered in Nano technology. This article is a survey in future of Nano technology in digital MacDraw. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20technology" title="nano technology">nano technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20transistor%20tunnels" title=" resonant transistor tunnels"> resonant transistor tunnels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20cellular%20automata" title=" quantum cellular automata"> quantum cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor"> semiconductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37247/future-of-nanotechnology-in-digital-macdraw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1843</span> Empirical Study and Modelling of Three-Dimensional Pedestrian Flow in Railway Foot-Over-Bridge Stair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjal%20Chattaraj">Ujjal Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raviteja"> M. Raviteja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20Aemala"> Chaitanya Aemala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years vehicular traffic has been given priority over pedestrian traffic. With the increase of population in cities, pedestrian traffic is increasing day by day. Pedestrian safety has become a matter of concern for the Traffic Engineers. Pedestrian comfort is primary important for the Engineers who design different pedestrian facilities. Pedestrian comfort and safety can be measured in terms of different level of service (LOS) of the facilities. In this study video data on pedestrian movement have been collected from different railway foot over bridges (FOB) in India. The level of service of those facilities has been analyzed. A cellular automata based model has been formulated to mimic the route choice behaviour of the pedestrians on the foot over bridges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata%20model" title="cellular automata model">cellular automata model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20over%20bridge" title=" foot over bridge"> foot over bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian" title=" pedestrian"> pedestrian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466/empirical-study-and-modelling-of-three-dimensional-pedestrian-flow-in-railway-foot-over-bridge-stair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1842</span> Design of Speedy, Scanty Adder for Lossy Application Using QCA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Angeline%20Priyanka">T. Angeline Priyanka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ganesan"> R. Ganesan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent trends in microelectronics technology have gradually changed the strategies used in very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology has been the industry standard for implementing VLSI device for the past two decades, but due to scale-down issues of ultra-low dimension achievement is not achieved so far. Hence it paved a way for Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). It is only one of the many alternative technologies proposed as a replacement solution to the fundamental limit problem that CMOS technology will impose in the years to come. In this brief, presented a new adder that possesses high speed of operation occupying less area is proposed. This adder is designed especially for error tolerant application. Hence in the proposed adder, the overall area (cell count) and simulation time are reduced by 88 and 73 percent respectively. Various results of the proposed adder are shown and described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20cellular%20automata" title="quantum cellular automata">quantum cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carry%20look%20ahead%20adder" title=" carry look ahead adder"> carry look ahead adder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripple%20carry%20adder" title=" ripple carry adder"> ripple carry adder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lossy%20application" title=" lossy application"> lossy application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=majority%20gate" title=" majority gate"> majority gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossover" title=" crossover"> crossover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32396/design-of-speedy-scanty-adder-for-lossy-application-using-qca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1841</span> Cellular Automata Model for Car Accidents at a Signalized Intersection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Marzoug">Rachid Marzoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Lakouari"> Noureddine Lakouari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Castillo%20T%C3%A9llez"> Beatriz Castillo Téllez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20Castillo%20T%C3%A9llez"> Margarita Castillo Téllez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerardo%20Alberto%20Mej%C3%ADa%20P%C3%A9rez"> Gerardo Alberto Mejía Pérez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper developed a two-lane cellular automata model to explain the relationship between car accidents at a signalized intersection and traffic-related parameters. It is found that the increase of the lane-changing probability P?ₕ? increases the risk of accidents, besides, the inflow α and the probability of accidents Pₐ? exhibit a nonlinear relationship. Furthermore, depending on the inflow, Pₐ? exhibits three different phases. The transition from phase I to phase II is of first (second) order when P?ₕ?=0 (P?ₕ?>0). However, the system exhibits a second (first) order transition from phase II to phase III when P?ₕ?=0 (P?ₕ?>0). In addition, when the inflow is not very high, the green light length of one road should be increased to improve road safety. Finally, simulation results show that the traffic at the intersection is safer adopting symmetric lane-changing rules than asymmetric ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-lane%20intersection" title="two-lane intersection">two-lane intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidents" title=" accidents"> accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatality%20risk" title=" fatality risk"> fatality risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lane-changing" title=" lane-changing"> lane-changing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transition" title=" phase transition"> phase transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140637/cellular-automata-model-for-car-accidents-at-a-signalized-intersection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1840</span> An Energy Efficient Clustering Approach for Underwater ‎Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Taherkhani%E2%80%8E">Mohammad Reza Taherkhani‎</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor networks that are used to monitor a special environment, are formed from a large number of sensor nodes. The role of these sensors is to sense special parameters from ambient and to make a connection. In these networks, the most important challenge is the management of energy usage. Clustering is one of the methods that are broadly used to face this challenge. In this paper, a distributed clustering protocol based on learning automata is proposed for underwater wireless sensor networks. The proposed algorithm that is called LA-Clustering forms clusters in the same energy level, based on the energy level of nodes and the connection radius regardless of size and the structure of sensor network. The proposed approach is simulated and is compared with some other protocols with considering some metrics such as network lifetime, number of alive nodes, and number of transmitted data. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20sensor%20networks" title="underwater sensor networks">underwater sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59693/an-energy-efficient-clustering-approach-for-underwater-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1839</span> Visualizing Imaging Pathways after Anatomy-Specific Follow-Up Imaging Recommendations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thusitha%20Mabotuwana">Thusitha Mabotuwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Hall"> Christopher S. Hall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiologists routinely make follow-up imaging recommendations, usually based on established clinical practice guidelines, such as the Fleischner Society guidelines for managing lung nodules. In order to ensure optimal care, it is important to make guideline-compliant recommendations, and also for patients to follow-up on these imaging recommendations in a timely manner. However, determining such compliance rates after a specific finding has been observed usually requires many time-consuming manual steps. To address some of these limitations with current approaches, in this paper we discuss a methodology to automatically detect finding-specific follow-up recommendations from radiology reports and create a visualization for relevant subsequent exams showing the modality transitions. Nearly 5% of patients who had a lung related follow-up recommendation continued to have at least eight subsequent outpatient CT exams during a seven year period following the recommendation. Radiologist and section chiefs can use the proposed tool to better understand how a specific patient population is being managed, identify possible deviations from established guideline recommendations and have a patient-specific graphical representation of the imaging pathways for an abstract view of the overall treatment path thus far. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follow-up%20recommendations" title="follow-up recommendations">follow-up recommendations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follow-up%20tracking" title=" follow-up tracking"> follow-up tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care%20pathways" title=" care pathways"> care pathways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging%20pathway%20visualization" title=" imaging pathway visualization"> imaging pathway visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98568/visualizing-imaging-pathways-after-anatomy-specific-follow-up-imaging-recommendations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1838</span> Physiotherapy Program for Frozen Shoulder on Length of Follow up and Range of Motions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orawan%20Vichiansan">Orawan Vichiansan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kraipoj"> J. Kraipoj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.Phandech"> K.Phandech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sirasaporn"> P. Sirasaporn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, frozen shoulder will improve over time, although it may take a long time up to year. The symptoms of frozen shoulder present by pain around shoulder and consequently limit range of motions. The effect of frozen shoulder leads to limit activities daily living life and high medical care cost. Physiotherapy is well known treatment for frozen shoulder but there was no data about the treatment of physiotherapy in frozen shoulder and length of follow up. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate physiotherapy program for frozen shoulder on range of motion and length of follow up. A retrospective study design was conducted. 469 medical records of patients with frozen shoulder were reviewed. These frozen shoulders were treated at physiotherapy unit, department of Rehabilitation last 3 years (January, 2014- December, 2016). The data consist of range of motions and length of follow up was recorded. The medical record of 183 males and 286 females with average aged 57.82±12.32 years were reviewed in this study. There was a statistically significant increase in shoulder flexion [mean difference 30.24 with 95%CI were [24.37-36.12], shoulder abduction [mean difference 34.93 with 95%CI were 27.8-42.0], shoulder internal rotation [mean difference 17.25 with 95%CI were 12.55-21.95] and shoulder external rotation [mean difference 17.71 with 95%CI were [13.07-22.36] respectively. In addition, the length of follow up averaged 84 days. In summary, the retrospective study show physiotherapy program likely to be benefit for patients with frozen shoulder in term of range of motion and short length of follow up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frozen%20shoulder" title="frozen shoulder">frozen shoulder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title=" physiotherapy"> physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20of%20motions" title=" range of motions"> range of motions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20of%20follow%20up" title=" length of follow up"> length of follow up</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87983/physiotherapy-program-for-frozen-shoulder-on-length-of-follow-up-and-range-of-motions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87983.pdf" 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