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Dominique Bouhours - Wikipedia

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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Bouhours" title="Dominique Bouhours – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dominique Bouhours" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="دومينيك بوهورز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دومينيك بوهورز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Bouhours" title="Dominique Bouhours – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French literary critic</div> <p><b>Dominique Bouhours</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a></span> (15 May 1628&#160;&#8211;&#32;27 May 1702) was a French <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic priest">priest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essayist" class="mw-redirect" title="Essayist">essayist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">grammarian</a>, and neo-classical <a href="/wiki/Critic" title="Critic">critic</a>. He was born and died in Paris. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominique_Bouhours_(1628-1702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg/250px-Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg/375px-Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg/500px-Dominique_Bouhours_%281628-1702%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Dominique Bouhours</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Bouhours&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bouhours entered the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> at the age of sixteen, and was appointed to read lectures on literature in the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Clermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège de Clermont">Collège de Clermont</a> at Paris, and on rhetoric at <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. He afterwards became private tutor to the two sons of <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_duc_de_Longueville" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II d&#39;Orléans, duc de Longueville">Henri II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkirk, France">Dunkirk</a> to the Romanist refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>, and in the midst of his missionary occupations published several books. In 1665 or 1666 he returned to Paris. </p><p>Bouhours died at Paris in 1702.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mother_Tongue_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mother Tongue (book)">Mother Tongue</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a>, Bouhours' dying words were "I am about to—or I am going to—die: either expression is correct." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Bouhours&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1671, Bouhours published <i>Les Entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugène</i>, which was reprinted four more times at Paris, twice at <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, and afterwards at <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The work consists of six conversations (<i>entretiens</i>) between two companionable friends whose Greek- and Latin-derived names both mean "well-born", in the agreeable discursive manner of the well-informed amateur as it had become established in the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">salons</a>—"the free and familiar conversations that well-bred people have (<i>honnêtes gens</i>, a by-word of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cieuses" title="Précieuses">précieuses</a></i> of the salons) when they are friends, and which do not fail to be witty, and even knowledgeable, though one never dreams there of making wit show, and study has no part in it."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The subjects, erudite but devoid of <a href="/wiki/Pedantry" title="Pedantry">pedantry</a>, are the Sea, considered as an object of contemplation, the French language, Secrets, True Wit ("Le Bel Esprit"), The Ineffable ("Le Je ne sais quoi") and Mottoes ("Devises"), all expressed in flawless idiom and effortless allusions to the Classics or <a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a>. The popularity of Bouhours' discursive, <a href="/wiki/Heuristic" title="Heuristic">heuristic</a> <i>Entretiens</i> extended to Poland, where <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Herakliusz_Lubomirski" title="Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski">Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski</a> imitated them in <i>Dialogues of Artakses and Ewander.</i> </p><p>His thoughts on the elusive <i>je ne sais quoi</i> that was in vogue in the seventeenth century, expressed through his characters, ends in assessing it a mystery that escapes a rational inquiry. It determined by its delicate presence, its grace and invisible charm, the sense of what pleases or displeases in Nature as well as Art, and remained an essential part of the French critical vocabulary until the advent of Romanticism.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>His <i>Doutes sur la langue française proposés aux Messieurs de l'Académie française</i> (Paris, 1674; corrected second edition, 1675) was called "the most important and best organized of his numerous commentaries on the literary language of his time"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> when it was edited in a critical edition. His <i>doubts</i> are collected under five headings: vocabulary, phrases and collocations, grammatical constructions, clarity, and stylistic consistency, in each case setting literary quotations under scrutiny. His standards, expressed in the suggestions he offered for improving each example, showed the way out of ambiguities, skirting incongruous juxtapositions and untidy constructions. The work was widely accepted and Bouhours standards are still the accepted norm among literate readers today. </p><p>The chief of his other works are <i>La Manière de bien penser sur les ouvrages d'esprit</i> (1687), which appeared in London in 1705 under the title, <i>The Art of Criticism</i>, <i>Vie de Saint Ignace de Loyola</i> (1679), <i>Vie de Saint François Xavier</i> (1682),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and a translation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> into French (1697).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His letters against the <a href="/wiki/Jansenist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jansenist">Jansenists</a> had a wide circulation. His practice of publishing secular books and works of devotion alternately led to the mot, <i>qu'il servait le monde et le ciel par semestre</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Bouhours&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1939" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Gerard, ed. (1939). <i>Jesuit thinkers of the Renaissance</i>. Milwaukee (USA). pp.&#160;63–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Jesuit+thinkers+of+the+Renaissance&amp;rft.place=Milwaukee+%28USA%29&amp;rft.pages=63-74&amp;rft.date=1939&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominique+Bouhours" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Bouhours&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>&#160;</span>One or more of the preceding sentences&#160;incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:&#160;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bouhours,_Dominique" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bouhours, Dominique">Bouhours, Dominique</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&#160;4 (11th&#160;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;317.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Bouhours%2C+Dominique&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.pages=317&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominique+Bouhours" class="Z3988"></span> This cites Georges Doucieux, <i>Un Jésuite homme de lettres au dix-septième siècle: Le père Bouhours</i> (1886).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"conversations libres &amp; familières qu'ont les honnêtes gens, quand ils sont amis, &amp; que ne laissent pas d'être spirituelles, &amp; meme savantes, quoiq'on ne songe pas à y faire paraître l'esprit, &amp; que l'étude n'y ait point de part."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang E. Thormann, "Again the 'Je Ne Sais Quoi'", <i>Modern Language Notes</i> <b>73</b>.5 (May 1958:351-355).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Rickard, reviewing Giovanni Dotoli and Fulvia Fiorino, ed., <i>Dominique Bouhours: Doutes sur la langue française proposés aux Messieurs de l'Académie Française</i> (Paris: Didier) 1998, in <i>The Modern Language Review</i> <b>96</b>.1 (January 2001:181-182).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a> Englished it, as <i>The Life of St. Francis Xavier</i> (London, 1688), and "respected, for the most part, Bouhours' preference, so unlike his own, for a diction purged of metaphor" (Alan Roper, "Characteristics of Dryden's Prose" <i>English Literary History</i> <b>41</b>.4 (Winter 1974:668-692) p 671.). Roper sees in the translation "Dryden the father of <a href="/wiki/Augustan_literature" title="Augustan literature">English Augustanism</a>, correct, conversational, well-bred, Dryden, indeed, as an English Bouhours" (p 673)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Bouhours&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>&#160;This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:&#160;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Dominique_Bouhours" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Dominique Bouhours">Dominique Bouhours</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Dominique+Bouhours&amp;rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&amp;rft.date=1913&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominique+Bouhours" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121296697">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41848917">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/14452/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXyyh934H6tPXTMBYHG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118659472">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50042115">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986849h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986849h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bouhours, Dominique &lt;1628-1702&gt;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV288346">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35020652">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=mzk2004236824&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810663896005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/137216">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007274126305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520029506706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14043356">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02083927?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/a236640a-55a7-4239-9566-576aa8bd5840">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/794883">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118659472.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118659472">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027932524">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hm7skg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐pn7lz Cached time: 20241122142600 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.330 seconds Real time usage: 0.649 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 974/1000000 Post‐expand 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