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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">塞姆南市</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。57种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سمنان (إيران) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمنان (إيران)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیمنان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیمنان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Semn%C4%81n" title="Dakbayan sa Semnān – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Semnān" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A1n_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Semnán (město) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semnán (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C4%81n" title="Semnān – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Semnān" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan_(Stadt)" title="Semnan (Stadt) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Semnan (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnano_(urbo)" title="Semnano (urbo) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semnano (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A1n" title="Semnán – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semnán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9F" title="סמנאן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמנאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सेमनान – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेमनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemn%C3%A1n" title="Szemnán – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szemnán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Սեմնան (քաղաք) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմնան (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="セムナーン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セムナーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%88%EB%82%9C" title="셈난 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셈난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnanas" title="Semnanas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semnanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C4%81na" title="Semnāna – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Semnāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A3" title="Semnã – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semnã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symn%C5%AFn" title="Symnůn – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Symnůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Симнон – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симнон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Симнан – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Симнан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სემნანი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სემნანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-8ac313af" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IR Places"></div></div></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG/220px-Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG/330px-Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG/440px-Darvazeye_Arg_-_Semnan_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>塞姆南</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a>：<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="波斯体" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', Nafees, 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-style: normal;">سمنان</span>‬，<small>發音：</small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:波斯語國際音標">[semˈnɒːn]</a></span><small>  <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Fa-Semnan.ogg" class="internal" title="Fa-Semnan.ogg">發音</a>)</span></small>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>的城市，位於該國北部，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="塞姆南省">塞姆南省</a>負責管轄，海拔高度1,130米，每年平均降雨量232毫米，2006年人口124,999。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">周定国 (编). Semnān 塞姆南 [伊朗]. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8" title="世界地名翻译大辞典">世界地名翻译大辞典</a>. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司. 2008-01. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-500-10753-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-500-10753-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-500-10753-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/885528603"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 885528603</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/books/OL23943703M"><span title="开放图书馆">OL 23943703M</span></a>. <span title="中国国家图书馆联机公共目录查询系统（OPAC）"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.nlc.cn/F?func=direct&local_base=NLC01&doc_number=003756704">NLC 003756704</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82&rft.atitle=Semn%C4%81n+%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97+%5B%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%5D&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.date=2008-01&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-7-500-10753-8&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F885528603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/">Semnan.ir</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210130013623/http://www.semnan.ir/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713052247/http://www.sem-ums.ac.ir/">Semnan University of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015000109/http://gilrc.sem-ums.ac.ir/">Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322185600/http://semnaniau.ac.ir/">Islamic Azad University of Semnan</a></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Iran_(tricolour).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/30px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/45px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/60px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="812" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>地理<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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