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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current standard patterns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_standard_patterns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current standard patterns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_standard_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paris_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Paris pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgian-Genoese_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgian-Genoese_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Belgian-Genoese pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgian-Genoese_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piedmontese_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piedmontese_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Piedmontese pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piedmontese_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bavarian_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bavarian_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Bavarian derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bavarian_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.1</span> <span>Russian pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adler_Cego" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adler_Cego"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.2</span> <span>Adler Cego</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adler_Cego-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrie_und_Glück" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrie_und_Glück"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.3</span> <span>Industrie und Glück</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrie_und_Glück-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamburg_pattern_and_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamburg_pattern_and_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Hamburg pattern and derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamburg_pattern_and_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Dondorf Rhineland pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordic_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordic_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Nordic pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordic_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bourgeois_Tarot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bourgeois_Tarot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Bourgeois Tarot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bourgeois_Tarot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Swedish_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Swedish_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Modern Swedish pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Swedish_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>English pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienna_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienna_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vienna pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienna_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lombard_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lombard_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lombard pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lombard_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuscan_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuscan_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Tuscan pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuscan_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baronesse_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baronesse_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Baronesse pattern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baronesse_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_speelkaarte" title="Franse speelkaarte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franse speelkaarte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baralla_francesa" title="Baralla francesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baralla francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sisches_Blatt" title="Französisches Blatt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französisches Blatt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraja_francesa" title="Baraja francesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baraja francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karta_frantses" title="Karta frantses – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karta frantses" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_de_cartes_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Jeu de cartes français – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeu de cartes français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/52_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9_(%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6)" title="52 पत्तों का समूह (ताश) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="52 पत्तों का समूह (ताश)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte_a_semi_francesi" title="Carte a semi francesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carte a semi francesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_k%C3%A1rtya" title="Francia kártya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia kártya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2c_de_cartas_franc%C3%A9s" title="Jòc de cartas francés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòc de cartas francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Французская колода – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французская колода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskalainen_korttipakka" title="Ranskalainen korttipakka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskalainen korttipakka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk-engelsk_kortlek" title="Fransk-engelsk kortlek – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fransk-engelsk kortlek" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Французька колода – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька колода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%91%E5%85%8B%E7%89%8C" title="扑克牌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="扑克牌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E7%89%8C" title="啤牌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="啤牌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%91%E5%85%8B%E7%89%8C" title="扑克牌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="扑克牌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3177840#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Card deck using suits of clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg/300px-Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg/450px-Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Deck_of_cards_used_in_the_game_piquet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Standard 32-card deck of the Paris pattern</figcaption></figure> <p><b>French-suited playing cards</b> or <b>French-suited cards</b> are <a href="/wiki/Playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Playing cards">cards</a> that use the French <a href="/wiki/Playing_card_suit" title="Playing card suit">suits</a> of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">trèfles</i></span> (clovers or clubs <span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span>), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">carreaux</i></span> (tiles or diamonds <span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span>), <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cœurs</i></span> (hearts <span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span>), and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">piques</i></span> (pikes or spades <span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span>). Each suit contains three or four <a href="/wiki/Face_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Face cards">face/court cards</a>. In a <a href="/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck" title="Standard 52-card deck">standard 52-card deck</a> these are the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">valet</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Jack_(playing_card)" title="Jack (playing card)">knave or jack</a>), the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">dame</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_(playing_card)" title="Queen (playing card)">lady or queen</a>), and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">roi</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/King_(playing_card)" title="King (playing card)">king</a>). In addition, in <a href="/wiki/Tarot_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot pack">Tarot packs</a>, there is a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cavalier</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">knight</a>) ranking between the queen and the jack. Aside from these aspects, decks can include a wide variety of regional and national patterns, which often have <a href="/wiki/Stripped_deck" title="Stripped deck">different deck sizes</a>. In comparison to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish playing cards">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards" title="Italian playing cards">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="German playing cards">German</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss playing cards">Swiss playing cards</a>, French cards are the most widespread due to the geopolitical, commercial, and cultural influence of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. Other reasons for their popularity were the simplicity of the suit insignia, which simplifies mass production, and the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Whist" title="Whist">whist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a>. The English pattern of French-suited cards is so widespread that it is also known as the International or Anglo-American pattern. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piatnikcards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piatnikcards.jpg/600px-Piatnikcards.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piatnikcards.jpg/900px-Piatnikcards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Piatnikcards.jpg/1200px-Piatnikcards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>The standard English (Anglo-American or International) pack uses French suit symbols. Cards by <a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Playing cards arrived in Europe from <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Egypt</a> around 1370 and were already reported in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> in 1377. The French suit insignia was derived from German suits around 1480. Between the transition from the suit of bells to tiles there was a suit of crescents.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most distinguishing features of the French cards is the queen. Mamluk cards and their derivatives, the <a href="/wiki/Latin-suited" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-suited">Latin-suited</a> and <a href="/wiki/German-suited_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="German-suited cards">German-suited cards</a>, all have three male face cards. Queens began appearing in Italian <a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">tarot</a> decks in the mid-15th century and some German decks replaced two kings with queens. While other decks abandoned the queen in non-tarot decks, the French kept them and dropped the <a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">knight</a> as the middle face card. Face card design was heavily influenced by Spanish cards that used to circulate in France. One of the most obvious traits inherited from Spain are the standing kings; kings from Italian, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese</a>, or Germanic cards are seated. Spanish-suited cards are still used in France, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Northern Catalonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a> with the latter two using the archaic <a href="/wiki/Aluette" title="Aluette">Aluette</a> cards. </p><p>In the 19th century, corner indices and rounded corners were added and cards became reversible, relieving players from having to flip face cards right-side up. The index for <a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">aces</a> and face cards usually follow the local language but most decks of the Paris pattern use the numeral "1" for aces. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="German playing cards">German</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearts (card suit)">Hearts</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_herz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bay_herz.svg/35px-Bay_herz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bay_herz.svg/53px-Bay_herz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bay_herz.svg/70px-Bay_herz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bells_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bells (card suit)">Bells</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_schellen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bay_schellen.svg/32px-Bay_schellen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bay_schellen.svg/49px-Bay_schellen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bay_schellen.svg/64px-Bay_schellen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="72" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorns (card suit)">Acorns</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_eichel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bay_eichel.svg/19px-Bay_eichel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bay_eichel.svg/29px-Bay_eichel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bay_eichel.svg/38px-Bay_eichel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="121" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves (card suit)">Leaves</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_gras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bay_gras.svg/32px-Bay_gras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bay_gras.svg/48px-Bay_gras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bay_gras.svg/63px-Bay_gras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="73" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="French playing cards">French</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(suit)" title="Hearts (suit)">Hearts</a><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SuitHearts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SuitHearts.svg/32px-SuitHearts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SuitHearts.svg/49px-SuitHearts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/SuitHearts.svg/65px-SuitHearts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamonds_(suit)" title="Diamonds (suit)">Tiles<br />(Diamonds)</a><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SuitDiamonds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SuitDiamonds.svg/32px-SuitDiamonds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SuitDiamonds.svg/49px-SuitDiamonds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SuitDiamonds.svg/65px-SuitDiamonds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(suit)" title="Clubs (suit)">Clover<br />(Clubs)</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SuitClubs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SuitClubs.svg/32px-SuitClubs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SuitClubs.svg/49px-SuitClubs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SuitClubs.svg/65px-SuitClubs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spades_(suit)" title="Spades (suit)">Pikes<br />(Spades)</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SuitSpades.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SuitSpades.svg/32px-SuitSpades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SuitSpades.svg/49px-SuitSpades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SuitSpades.svg/65px-SuitSpades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish</a> </td> <td>Cups<br />(Copas) <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg/34px-Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg/52px-Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg/69px-Seme_coppe_carte_marocchine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Coins<br />(Oros) <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg/35px-Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg/53px-Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg/70px-Seme_denari_carte_marocchine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Clubs<br />(Bastos) <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg/12px-Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg/18px-Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg/24px-Seme_bastoni_carte_marocchine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Swords<br />(Espadas) <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg/9px-Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg/14px-Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg/19px-Seme_spade_carte_marocchine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em" align="center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank/Index </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ace</b> </td> <td>A </td> <td>1 </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td> <td>A or Es </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td> <td>E </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Т </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>King</b> </td> <td>K </td> <td>R </td> <td>K </td> <td>K </td> <td>K </td> <td>H </td> <td>K </td> <td>K </td> <td>K </td> <td>К </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Queen</b> </td> <td>Q </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td>V </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td>Д </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jack</b> </td> <td>J </td> <td>V </td> <td>B </td> <td>W </td> <td>B or Kn </td> <td>B </td> <td>G </td> <td>Kn </td> <td>S </td> <td>В </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deck celebrating the union of Brittany and France with Spanish suits but has queens instead of knights (Antoine de Logiriera of Toulouse, c. 1500)."><img alt="Deck celebrating the union of Brittany and France with Spanish suits but has queens instead of knights (Antoine de Logiriera of Toulouse, c. 1500)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg/120px-15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg/180px-15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg/240px-15thCenturySpanishCardDeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deck celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Brittany_and_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Brittany and France">union of Brittany and France</a> with Spanish suits but has queens instead of knights (Antoine de Logiriera of Toulouse, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A transitional deck with suits of hearts and crescents (François Clerc of Lyon, late 15th century)"><img alt="A transitional deck with suits of hearts and crescents (François Clerc of Lyon, late 15th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg/120px-French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg/180px-French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg/240px-French_playing_cards_with_suit_of_crescents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A transitional deck with suits of hearts and crescents (François Clerc of Lyon, late 15th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kings-comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French Rouen pattern on the left, Spanish Toledo pattern on the right"><img alt="French Rouen pattern on the left, Spanish Toledo pattern on the right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kings-comparison.jpg/120px-Kings-comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kings-comparison.jpg/180px-Kings-comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kings-comparison.jpg/240px-Kings-comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French Rouen pattern on the left, Spanish Toledo pattern on the right</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_standard_patterns">Current standard patterns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current standard patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French suited pack has spawned many regional variations known as standard patterns based on their artwork and deck size. The Paris pattern was heavily exported throughout continental Europe which is why most French-suited patterns share a similar appearance. The English pattern, based on the extinct Rouennais pattern, is the most well known pattern in the world. It is also called the International or Anglo-American pattern. </p><p>Patterns do not factor in <a href="/wiki/Joker_(playing_card)" title="Joker (playing card)">Jokers</a>, which came about in the early 20th century. Almost all 52-card packs produced in the present will contain at least two jokers, sometimes more. In Germany, packs produced for the game of <a href="/wiki/Zwickern" title="Zwickern">Zwicker</a> have six jokers. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Paris_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris_pattern">Paris pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Paris pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/French_Portrait_card_deck_-_1827_-_King_of_Hearts.jpg/210px-French_Portrait_card_deck_-_1827_-_King_of_Hearts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:159px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_of_hearts_fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/King_of_hearts_fr.svg/109px-King_of_hearts_fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/King_of_hearts_fr.svg/164px-King_of_hearts_fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/King_of_hearts_fr.svg/218px-King_of_hearts_fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Charles, King of Hearts in the <i>portrait officiel</i></div></div></div></div> <p>The Paris pattern came to dominate in France around 1780 and became known as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">portrait officiel</i></span>. From the 19th century to 1945, the appearance of the cards used for domestic consumption was regulated by the French government. All cards were produced on watermarked paper made by the state to show payment of the <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">stamp tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common deck sold in France is the 32-card deck with the 2 to 6 removed and 1s as the index for aces. 52-card packs are also popular. The French have a unique habit of associating their face cards with historical or mythical personages which survives only in the <i>portrait officiel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank/Suit </th> <th>Spades </th> <th>Hearts </th> <th>Diamonds </th> <th>Clubs </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>King</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charles</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Cesar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexandre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Queen</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pallas_Athena_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallas Athena (goddess)">Pallas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judith" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith">Judith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argine" class="mw-redirect" title="Argine">Argine</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jack</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ogier_the_Dane" title="Ogier the Dane">Hogier</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Hire" title="La Hire">La Hire</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table#Hector_de_Maris" title="Knights of the Round Table">Hector</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>u<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Belgian-Genoese_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Piedmontese_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgian-Genoese_pattern">Belgian-Genoese pattern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Belgian-Genoese pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_of_hearts_(Belgian_pattern).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg/100px-King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg/150px-King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg/200px-King_of_hearts_%28Belgian_pattern%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Belgian pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>The Belgian-Genoese pattern is very similar to its Parisian parent and is basically an export version not subject to France's domestic stamp tax.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence they lack the usual French court card names such as Alexander, Judith and Lancelot. Other differences from the <i>portrait officiel</i> are that: the jack of clubs has a triangular shield bearing the coat of arms of the former <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> (this is the main distinguishing feature); blue is usually replaced with green in the portraits and the diagonal dividing line lacks the beads. When the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> relaxed the ban against playing cards, Belgian type cards flooded their territory and are now found throughout the Balkans, North Africa, and the Middle East. They are also commonly found in France's former colonies. Within Belgium, the Francophone <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a> are the primary users of this pattern, while the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> prefer the Dutch pattern. This is the second most common pattern in the world after the English pattern. Belgian packs come in either 32 or 52 cards as they do in France. It was named the Belgian-Genoese pattern because of its popularity in both places and is the national pattern of Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genoese type cards are identical to Belgian ones and often lack corner indices. They come in 36 (lacking 2s to 5s), 40 (lacking 8s to 10s) or 52-card packs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piedmontese_pattern">Piedmontese pattern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Piedmontese pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Piedmontese pattern is similar to the Genoese packs but its face cards have a horizontal instead of diagonal dividing line and the aces are found in a decorative garland.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also come in the same number of cards as Genoese ones. The Piedmontese pattern was once used in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> as both were <a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">previously united</a> until France annexed the latter in 1860. A 78-card tarot version of the Piedmontese pattern, complete with knights, <a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fool (Tarot card)">the fool</a>, a suit of <a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">trumps</a> depicting flowers, and corner indices, was printed in 1902 for Savoyard players. It was discontinued some time after 1910 but reproductions have been in print since 1984. The <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> rules that come with the deck are similar to Piedmontese tarot games but the ace ranked between the jack and the 10 like in <a href="/wiki/Triomphe" title="Triomphe">Triomphe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another playing card deck named after Piedmont is the Italian-suited <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Tarocco Piemontese</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot card games</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bavarian_derivatives">Bavarian derivatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bavarian derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Parisian variant appeared in Bavaria in the mid-18th century where the king of diamonds wore a <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>. This originates from the <a href="/wiki/German_playing_cards#Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="German playing cards">German-suited Old Bavarian pattern</a>. The king of spades, who represents David in the older decks, does not hold a harp. This group is closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Animal_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal tarot">animal tarots</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Russian_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Russian_pattern">Russian pattern</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Russian pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg/100px-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg/150px-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg/200px-%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Russian pattern</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Russian playing cards</a></div> <p>The Russian pattern created during the early 19th-century is based on a Baltic version of a Bavarian derivative.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current appearance was finalized by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Charlemagne" title="Adolf Charlemagne">Adolf Charlemagne</a>. It usually contains 52 or 36 cards, the latter lacking ranks 2 to 5. The stripped deck is used to play <a href="/wiki/Durak" title="Durak">Durak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be found in many countries that were once part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Adler_Cego">Adler Cego</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adler Cego"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adler_Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Adler Cego">Adler Cego</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adler-Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Adler-Cego">Adler-Cego</a> is the last remaining <a href="/wiki/Animal_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal tarot">animal tarot</a> and is used in Germany's <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> to play <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a>. The courts are based on a Frankfurt version of a Bavarian derivative.<sup id="cite_ref-Cego_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cego-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sold with 54 cards; the 5 to 10 of the red suits and the 1 to 6 of the black suits are removed. Real and fictional animals are displayed on the trump suit. Trumps have a pink panel in each end with an Arabic numeral to show its rank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Industrie_und_Glück"><span id="Industrie_und_Gl.C3.BCck"></span>Industrie und Glück</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industrie und Glück"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></div> <p>The Industrie und Glück ("Diligence and Fortune") <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">tarock</a> deck of Central Europe uses Roman numerals for the trumps. It is organized in the same manner as the Adler-Cego decks. Its trumps feature a newer pattern of more mundane scenes, such as depictions of rural life, than the traditional allegorical motifs found in Italian tarocchi decks.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turban wearing king is now in the suit of spades. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="North_German_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="French-Swiss_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Dutch_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Modern_Portuguese_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Trente-et-Quarante_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hamburg_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hamburg_pattern_and_derivatives">Hamburg pattern and derivatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hamburg pattern and derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French-suited cards are popular in Central Europe and compete very well against local <a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German-suited playing cards</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> was once a major card-producing hub where makers began revising the Paris pattern to create the <b>Hamburg pattern</b>. Early examples were made by Suhr (1814–28) in Hamburg itself, while other manufacturers of the pattern were based elsewhere in the German Empire, in Austria, Belgium, France, Sweden and Switzerland. The Hamburg cards generated a family of similar patterns, all of which have the King of Spades holding David's harp, with the other hand holding a sceptre.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg/220px-Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg/330px-Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg/440px-Berlinerbild_Koenige.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1104" /></a><figcaption>North German pattern: the Kings</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>North-German pattern</b> was created in Stralsund from a Hamburg derivative. It is familiarly known as the <b>Berlin pattern</b>, although this name arose from a misunderstanding about the origin of the cards which were formerly labelled as <i>Berliner Spielkarten</i> based on a finishing process used by that company.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crownless queens' hairstyles reflect the <a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a> fashions of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually in decks of 32 cards with the twos to sixes missing since <a href="/wiki/Skat_(card_game)" title="Skat (card game)">skat</a>, Germany's most popular card game, does not require a full deck.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decks of 36 cards (with the sixes) are for <a href="/wiki/Jass" title="Jass">jass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">tapp</a>, a game played in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>. Decks of 52 cards usually include three jokers but <a href="/wiki/Zwickern" title="Zwickern">Zwickern</a> decks have six jokers. </p><p>The <b>French-Swiss pattern</b> shares the same descent from the North-German pattern's Hamburg parent but their most distinguishing characteristic is that instead of having corner indices, white Arabic numerals are found within the pips closest to the corner.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French-Swiss cards comes only in decks of 36 with no ranks from two to five. </p><p>The <b>Modern Portuguese pattern</b> is a Parisian derivative from Germany. When it arrived in Portugal, the kings and jacks in hearts and diamonds swapped suits.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The composition consists of 52 cards or until recently 40 cards. The latter had an unusual ranking (ace, king, jack, queen, eight, six–two). The jack ranking higher than the queen comes from the older <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese-suited</a> games where a female knave was outranked by the <a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">knight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also use French-language indices. </p><p>The <b>Dutch pattern</b> originates from Germany and shares the same parent as the Modern Portuguese pattern but with different queens, and has been produced for the Netherlands by Belgian card makers since the 19th century. It has rarely been produced in the Netherlands itself. Its most distinguishing feature are scenic aces.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also found in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, they come in decks of 32 (no twos to sixes) or 52 cards. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Trente_et_Quarante" title="Trente et Quarante">Trente et Quarante</a> pattern</b> is named after the game it is associated with.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other patterns, it is usually found only in casinos. Although of German origin, this pattern is now produced only in Italy. They consist of 52 cards and no indices. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Dondorf_Rhineland"></span><span class="anchor" id="Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern">Dondorf Rhineland pattern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dondorf Rhineland pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4kingsPRL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/4kingsPRL.png/150px-4kingsPRL.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/4kingsPRL.png/225px-4kingsPRL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/4kingsPRL.png/300px-4kingsPRL.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Dondorf Rhineland pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1870, <a href="/wiki/Dondorf" title="Dondorf">Dondorf</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> pattern. The kings have very thick beards. They have fallen out of popularity in Germany but are very common in Poland, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark, and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>. They come in decks of 24 (no 2s to 8s), 32 (no 2s to 6s), or 52 cards, the latter of which may have up to three jokers in some countries.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nordic_pattern">Nordic pattern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nordic pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1895, Dondorf produced a deck on behalf of Adolph Wulff of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king of diamonds holds an orb while the other kings hold scepters. Many of the court designs were altered or swapped for the Swedish market.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, this pattern is printed only by <a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a> of Austria for export to Finland, which is why it is also known as the <b>Finnish pattern</b>. It is an amalgam of the original Dondorf and revised Swedish designs with the court indices numbered from 11 to 13. It comes in 52-card decks with three jokers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bourgeois_Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bourgeois Tarot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_Tarot" title="Bourgeois Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</a></div> <p>The Bourgeois Tarot was designed by <a href="/wiki/C.L._W%C3%BCst" title="C.L. Wüst">C.L. Wüst</a> of Frankfurt in the mid-19th century. It is popular in Francophone Europe and Quebec and is also used in Denmark to play tarot games that require the full 78-card deck. Like the <a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a>, the trumps depict genre scenes but modern editions use Arabic numerals instead of Roman ones.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 54-card version with different trump designs is used in <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a> to play <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Modern_Swedish_pattern"></span> <span class="anchor" id="Modern_Swedish"></span><span class="anchor" id="Modern_Swedish_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_Swedish_pattern">Modern Swedish pattern</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern Swedish pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swedes used to use Bavarian derived patterns. In the early 20th-century, the firm <a href="/wiki/%C3%96berg_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="Öberg & Son">Öberg & Son</a> invented a new pattern unrelated to the old ones.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pattern has spread to neighboring Finland. The clothing for the figures in the court cards are color coordinated; green for spades, red for hearts, purple for clubs, and blue for diamonds. They are used in the standard 52-card format. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="English_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Rouen_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Rouennais_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_pattern">English pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: English pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg/350px-King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg/525px-King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg/700px-King_of_Hearts_Ruen_pattern_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of the King of Hearts from the Rouennais to English pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>Card makers from <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> began exporting to England around 1480.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/David_Parlett" title="David Parlett">David Parlett</a>, Latin-suited cards must have already been circulating in England since there is evidence of playing cards there from at least the 1450s and French suits were invented sometime after 1470.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would then explain why the English renamed French suits to the Latin ones with which they were familiar.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the clovers were called clubs and pikes were named after the swords (<i>spade</i>). The English started producing their own cards a century later. In 1628, the importation of foreign playing cards was banned to protect local manufacturers. English cardmakers produced lower-quality cards than their continental counterparts leading to the loss of detail from the Rouennais pattern.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The English pattern is the result of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodall_%26_Sons" title="Charles Goodall & Sons">Charles Goodall and Son</a>'s reworking of the old Rouen pattern during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of decks sold in this pattern is the <a href="/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck" title="Standard 52-card deck">52-card deck</a>. One deck invented in the United States but more commonly found in Australia and New Zealand contains 11s, 12s, and red 13s to play the six-handed version of the <a href="/wiki/Euchre" title="Euchre">Euchre</a> variant <a href="/wiki/500_(card_game)" title="500 (card game)">500</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late nineteenth century, they were also used for variants of <a href="/wiki/Draw_poker" title="Draw poker">draw poker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cassino_(card_game)#Royal_Cassino" title="Cassino (card game)">royal cassino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decks marketed for <a href="/wiki/Canasta" title="Canasta">Canasta</a> often have card point values printed on the cards. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Vienna_pattern"></span><span class="anchor" id="Viennese_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienna_pattern">Vienna pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Vienna pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._(12).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif/lossy-page1-120px-Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif/lossy-page1-180px-Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Francia_k%C3%A1rtya_-_Piatnik_N%C3%A1ndor_%C3%A9s_Fiai_Rt._%2812%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1688" data-file-height="2373" /></a><figcaption>Vienna Type A (Large Crown)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> was a major card exporter to German-speaking countries from the late 16th through the 18th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Lyonnais pattern died out in most places, it survived in Austria and the Czech Republic and its modern incarnation is the Vienna pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five types are recorded by the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing_Card_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="International Playing Card Society">International Playing Card Society</a>, all of them double-headed. Type A, also called the 'Large Crown' version of the pattern, emerged in the early 1800s and was based on the double-headed, Lyons export pattern, but with the crowns of the kings truncated by the frames of the cards and no discernible dividing line. The court figures are highly ornamented. Today's version by <a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a> is based on an 1885 Type A design by Neumayer.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Type C was the earliest of three Vienna pattern types that were around at the turn of the 19th century. It originated in <a href="/wiki/Sopron" title="Sopron">Sopron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> and went on to become the standard pattern in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> before giving way in the mid-19th century to Type D, also called the 'Small Crown' version of the Vienna pattern, since the crowns of the kings are visible in their entirety within the card frame.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Type E appeared in the 1860s and, again, the crowns are partially cut off by the frames of the cards. It appears to have died out in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today the Vienna pattern in Austria comes in pack of 24 (lacking the 2s to 8s), 32 (lacking 2s to 6s), or 52 cards, the last with corner indices and three jokers. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Lombard_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lombard_pattern">Lombard pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lombard pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lombard or Milanese pattern come in 40-card decks that is missing the 8s, 9s, and 10s and lack corner indices. The Lombard decks exported to <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Swiss Italian</a> regions contain corner indices and also labels the ranks of the face cards.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is probably derived from the Lyonnais pattern and its offshoot, the extinct Provence pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Tuscan_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuscan_pattern">Tuscan pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tuscan pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tuscan or Florentine pattern, dating from the mid-19th century, is the only French-suited deck that is not reversible in the present.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cards measure 58 × 88 mm but the <i>Toscane Grandi</i> by <a href="/wiki/Modiano_(company)" title="Modiano (company)">Modiano</a> are 67 × 101 mm large. It has the same composition of cards as the Lombard pattern. There was another pattern called "Tuscan" but it has ceased printing since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Florentine_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florentine-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Baronesse_pattern"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baronesse_pattern">Baronesse pattern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Baronesse pattern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg/120px-Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg/180px-Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg/240px-Skatkarten_-_K%C3%B6nige.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Baronesse pattern</figcaption></figure> <p>Dondorf of Frankfurt produced this pattern around 1900 and, today, it is used in <a href="/wiki/Patience_(game)" title="Patience (game)">Patience</a> decks by many companies worldwide. The court cards are dressed in <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">rococo</a> period costumes and wear powdered wigs. The Kings are crowned and carry state regalia or, in the case of the King of Hearts, a pair of spectacles. The Queens, also crowned, sport jewellery; the Queen of Spades coquettishly brandishes a folding fan and the Queen of Diamonds a peacock feather fan. The Jacks are young gentlemen with tricorn hats. The Jack of Hearts carries a sword and the Jack of Spades a cane. The backs usually have ornate, often floral, designs. They were made by <a href="/wiki/ASS_Altenburger" title="ASS Altenburger">ASS Altenburger</a> (as "Baronesse"), by <a href="/wiki/VEB_Altenburger" class="mw-redirect" title="VEB Altenburger">VEB Altenburger</a> (as "Rokoko") and <a href="/wiki/Coeur_(playing_cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeur (playing cards)">Coeur</a> in the past. The earliest examples had no corner indices; they appeared from about 1906 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1914, <a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a> have produced a derivative pattern for several of their patience packs that are referred to as Rococo playing cards.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck" title="Standard 52-card deck">Standard 52-card deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_cards_in_Unicode" title="Playing cards in Unicode">Playing cards in Unicode</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i>Herz</i> (heart), <i>Rot</i> (red), Hungarian: <i>Piros</i> (red), Czech: Srdce (heart), Červené (red)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i>Schellen</i> (bells), Hungarian: <i>Tök</i> (pumpkin), Czech: Kule (balls)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i>Eichel</i> (acorn), <i>Ecker</i> (beechnut), Hungarian: <i>Makk</i> (acorn), Czech: Žaludy (acorns)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German: <i>Laub</i> (leaves), <i>Grün</i> (green), <i>Gras</i> (grass), <i>Blatt</i> (leaf) Hungarian: <i>Zöld</i> (green), Czech: Listy (leaves), Zelené (green)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The shape of the clubs symbol is believed to be an adaptation of the German suit of acorns. Clubs are also known as clovers, flowers and crosses. The French name for the suit is <i>trèfles</i> meaning <i>clovers</i>, the Italian name for the suit is <i>fiori</i> meaning <i>flowers</i> and the German name for the suit is <i>Kreuz</i> meaning <i>cross</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In German-speaking countries the spade was the symbol associated with the blade of a <a href="/wiki/Spade" title="Spade">spade</a>. The English term <i>spade</i> originally did not refer to the tool but was derived from the Spanish word <i>espada</i> meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a></i> from the Spanish suit. Those symbols were later changed to resemble the digging tool instead to avoid confusion. In German and Dutch the suit is alternatively named <i>Schippen</i> and <i>schoppen</i> respectively, meaning <a href="/wiki/Shovel" title="Shovel">shovels</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French <i>roi</i> (king), <i>dame</i> (dame, lady), <i>valet</i> (knave, servant); French name for ace is <i>as</i>, however the French-made aces are traditionally labeled with the digit 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German <i>Ass</i> (ace), <i>König</i> (king), <i>Dame</i> (dame, lady), <i>Bube</i> (boy) or <i>Bauer</i> (peasant, farmer)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polish <i>as</i> (ace), <i>król</i> (king), <i>dama</i> (dame, lady), <i>walet</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danish <i>es</i>, <i>konge</i> (king), <i>dame</i> (woman, lady), <i>bonde</i> (peasant, farmer) or <i>knægt</i> (boy, married man, servant)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutch <i>aas</i>, <i>heer</i> (lord, gentleman), <i>vrouw</i> (woman, wife, lady), <i>boer</i> (peasant, farmer)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Icelandic <i>ás</i> (ace), <i>kóngur</i> (king), <i>drottning</i> (queen), <i>gosi</i> (knave)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swedish <i>ess</i>, <i>kung</i> (king), <i>dam</i> (dame, lady), <i>knekt</i> (knave, servant))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Latvian <i>karalis</i> (king), <i>dāma</i> (dame, lady), <i>samdinys</i> (mercenary) or <i>kalps</i> (servant); Latvian name for ace is <i>dūzis</i> (deuce)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian <i>туз</i> (ace or <a href="/wiki/Deuce_(playing_card)" title="Deuce (playing card)">deuce</a>), <i>король</i> (king), <i>дама</i> (dame, lady), <i>валет</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Possibly <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a>, in which case Rachel (see below) would be the pseudonym of his mistress, <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel" title="Agnès Sorel">Agnès Sorel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Either biblical, historical (see Charles above)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Possibly an <a href="/wiki/Anagram" title="Anagram">anagram</a> of <i>regina</i>, which is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for queen, or perhaps <a href="/wiki/Argia_(mythology)" title="Argia (mythology)">Argea</a>, wife of Polybus and mother of <a href="/wiki/Argo" title="Argo">Argus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A knight of Charlemagne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Comrade-in-arms to Joan of Arc, and member of <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a>'s court</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since 1813, from 1613–1813 this card carried the manufacturer's name, before 1613 it was <a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus" title="Judas Maccabeus">Judas (Maccabeus)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDummett1980" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Michael (1980). <i>The Game of Tarot</i>. London: Duckworth. pp. 10–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Game+of+Tarot&rft.place=London&rft.pages=10-30&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/bgp.html">Belgian-Genoese pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry1984" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_McLeod_(card_game_researcher)" title="John McLeod (card game researcher)">Berry, John</a> (1984). "The History of the Paris Pattern". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>13</b> (1): 1–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Paris+Pattern&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/bgp.html">Belgian-Genoese pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollett, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a_pollett.tripod.com/cards21.htm">Belgian and Genoese cards</a> at Andy's Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/bgp.html"><i>Pattern Sheet 80</i></a> at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/piemontesi.html">The Piemont Pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/italy/piedmont">Piedmont Type</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummettMcLeod2004" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Michael; McLeod, John (2004). <i>A History of Games Played with the Tarot Pack Volume I</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. pp. 174–178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Games+Played+with+the+Tarot+Pack+Volume+I&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+New+York&rft.pages=174-178&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=McLeod%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepaulis1984" class="citation book cs1">Depaulis, Thierry (1984). <i>Tarot, jeu et magie</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>. pp. 125–126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarot%2C+jeu+et+magie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale+de+France&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Depaulis&rft.aufirst=Thierry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a.trionfi.eu/WWPCM/decks05/d02108/d02108.htm">"Tarot Francais des Fleurs"</a> at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, pp. 277–278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/russia/ollis">Russian Standard Playing Cards</a> at World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/russia.html">Russian Pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLeod, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagat.com/national/russia.html">Card Games in Russia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cego-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cego_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, pp. 83, 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-16.html">Austrian Tarock Type C</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 20 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-58.html"><i>Pattern Sheet 58</i></a> at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-59.html">North-German pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 10 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/germany/ass/north-german-pattern">North German pattern</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/berlin.html">Berlin pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-60.html">French-Swiss pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollett, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512043746/http://playingcards.freewebpages.org/cards87.htm">Switzerland: French-suited patterns</a> at Andy's Playing Cards (archived). Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karten-haus.ch/Schweiz/KartenCHfr.htm">Französischschweizer Spielkarten (German)</a> at kartenhaus. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/xp2.html">XP2</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gámez, Manuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mydearplayingcards.com/2006_PORTUGAL_HTML/001_Baraja-Fantasia.php">Baraja de Fantasia</a> at My Dear Playing Cards. Retrieved 8 October 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLeod, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagat.com/national/portugal.html">Card games in Portugal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a>. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-p-c-s.org/pattern/dutch.html">Dutch pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/nederland.html">The Netherlands Pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/belgium/brepols/dutch-pattern-for-van-perlstein">Dutch Pattern for Van Perlstein — The World of Playing Cards</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-65.html">Trente et Quarante pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/casino.html">Casino pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollett, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a_pollett.tripod.com/cards41.htm">Trente et Quarante cards</a> at Andy's Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/donrhine.html">Dondorf Rhineland pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/germany/dondorf/rhineland">Rhineland pattern</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-102.html">Nordic pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Townshend, Barney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/germany/dondorf/luxuskarte-75">Luxuskarte No.75</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, Rex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/sweden/jacob-bagges">Jacob Bagges AB Stockholm</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-18.html">Bourgeois Tarot</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 17 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/sweden/standard">Standard Swedish Pattern</a> at World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/sverige.html">The Swedish Pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollett, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061024073230/http://playingcards.freewebpages.org/cards75.htm">Sweden</a> at Andy's Playing Cards (archived).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-103.html">Modern Swedish pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 7 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-48.html">English pattern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParlett1991">Parlett 1991</a>, pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jducoeur.org/game-hist/seaan-cardhist.html"><i>The Introduction of Playing-Cards to Europe</i></a> at jducoeur.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/goodall/index">Charles Goodall and Son</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McLeod, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/euchre/500.html">Five Hundred</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">Pagat.com</a>. Retrieved 31 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1999" class="citation journal cs1">Burton, Jeffrey (1999). "French Suited 60-Card Decks". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>28</b> (2): 63–64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=French+Suited+60-Card+Decks&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=63-64&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratesi1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (1995). "Casino from nowhere, to vaguely everywhere". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=Casino+from+nowhere%2C+to+vaguely+everywhere&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pratesi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-62.html">portrait d'Allemagne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/france/lyons-pattern-3">Lyons pattern type iii</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 27 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/austria/wiener">Wiener pattern</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/wien.html">Vienna pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-107.html">Vienna pattern, large crown</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a>. Retrieved 7 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-107.html"><i>Pattern Sheet 107</i></a> at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-108.html"><i>Pattern Sheet 108</i></a> at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-109.html"><i>Pattern Sheet 109</i></a> at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/lombarde.html">Lombard pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/italy/lombard">Lombardy Type</a> at World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, pp. 43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/italy/florentine">Florentine type</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/english/collect/suits/french/toscane.html">Tuscan pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florentine-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Florentine_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, pp. 44–45, 301–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altacarta.com/overview/toscane.html">Old Tuscany Pattern</a> at Alta Carta. Retrieved 25 September 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMann1990">Mann 1990</a>, pp. 77, 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wopc.co.uk/germany/dondorf/baronesse">Baronesse Whist No.160</a> at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 20 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/austria/piatnik/lady-playing-cards"><i>Rococo Playing Cards</i></a> at wopc.co.uk. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French-suited_playing_cards&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann1990" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Sylvia (1990). <i>All Cards on the Table</i>. Leinfelden: Deutsches Spielkarten-Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-922561-98-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-922561-98-9"><bdi>978-3-922561-98-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Cards+on+the+Table&rft.place=Leinfelden&rft.pub=Deutsches+Spielkarten-Museum&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-3-922561-98-9&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParlett1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Parlett" title="David Parlett">Parlett, David</a> (1991). <i>A History of Card Games</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-282905-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-282905-X"><bdi>0-19-282905-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Card+Games&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-282905-X&rft.aulast=Parlett&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench-suited+playing+cards" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Playing_card_suit" title="Playing card suit">Playing card suits</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">French</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spades_(suit)" title="Spades (suit)">Spades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(suit)" title="Hearts (suit)">Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamonds_(suit)" title="Diamonds (suit)">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(suit)" title="Clubs (suit)">Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">Ace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="Ace of spades">Ace of spades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_hearts" title="Ace of hearts">Ace of hearts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(playing_card)" title="King (playing card)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(playing_card)" title="Queen (playing card)">Queen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_spades" title="Queen of spades">Queen of spades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(playing_card)" title="Jack (playing card)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Scotland" title="Curse of Scotland">Curse of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_card" title="Beer card">Beer card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific decks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambraser_Hofjagdspiel" title="Ambraser Hofjagdspiel">Ambraser Hofjagdspiel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_awareness_playing_cards" title="Archaeology awareness playing cards">Archaeology awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charruan_playing_cards" title="Charruan playing cards">Charruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Hunting_Deck" title="Flemish Hunting Deck">Flemish Hunting Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards" title="Hamas most wanted playing cards">Hamas most wanted</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hof%C3%A4mterspiel" title="Hofämterspiel">Hofämterspiel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry%27s_Nugget_playing_cards" title="Jerry's Nugget playing cards">Jerry's Nugget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicards" title="Politicards">Politicards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_pack" title="Stuttgart pack">Stuttgart pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_playing_card" title="Transformation playing card">Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_card_and_tile_packs" title="List of traditional card and tile packs">Other packs<br />and decks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/As-Nas" title="As-Nas">As-Nas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_playing_cards" title="Chinese playing cards">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-color_deck" title="Four-color deck">Four-colour pack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganjifa" title="Ganjifa">Ganjifa</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganjapa" title="Ganjapa">ganjapa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karuta" title="Karuta">Karuta</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanafuda" title="Hanafuda">hanafuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyakunin_Isshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyakunin Isshu">Hyakunin Isshu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kabufuda" title="Kabufuda">kabufuda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uta-garuta" title="Uta-garuta">uta-garuta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kvitlech" title="Kvitlech">Kvitlech</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_playing_cards" title="Polish playing cards">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese-suited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot pack</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujeon" title="Tujeon">Tujeon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zi_pai" title="Zi pai">Zi pai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(playing_card)" title="Banner (playing card)">Banner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank_(playing_card)" title="Blank (playing card)">Blank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_card" title="Face card">Court card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ober_(playing_card)" title="Ober (playing card)">Ober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unter_(playing_card)" title="Unter (playing card)">Unter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pip_(counting)" title="Pip (counting)">Pip card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuce_(playing_card)" title="Deuce (playing card)">deuce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weli" title="Weli">Weli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_(playing_card)" title="Joker (playing card)">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_playing-card_nicknames" title="List of playing-card nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_deck" title="Stripped deck">Stripped deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talon_(cards)" title="Talon (cards)">Talon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_cards_in_Unicode" title="Playing cards in Unicode">Unicode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(suit)" title="Leaves (suit)">Leaves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-suited_playing_cards" title="Swiss-suited playing cards">Swiss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shields_(suit)" title="Shields (suit)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses_(suit)" title="Roses (suit)">Roses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German and Swiss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(suit)" title="Acorns (suit)">Acorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bells_(suit)" title="Bells (suit)">Bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin (<a href="/wiki/Italian-suited_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-suited playing cards">Italian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cups_(suit)" title="Cups (suit)">Cups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_(suit)" title="Coins (suit)">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batons_(suit)" title="Batons (suit)">Batons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_(suit)" title="Swords (suit)">Swords</a></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsudomoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsudomoe">Guru (circular whirls)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_playing_cards#Money-suited_cards" title="Chinese playing cards">Chinese (Money)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">Strings of Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad" title="Myriad">Myriads</a> of Strings</li> <li>Tens of Myriads</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASS_Altenburger" title="ASS Altenburger">ASS Altenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartamundi" title="Cartamundi">Cartamundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copag" title="Copag">Copag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_Negro" title="Dal Negro">Dal Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naipes_Heraclio_Fournier" title="Naipes Heraclio Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Cartes" title="France Cartes">France Cartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F.X._Schmid" title="F.X. Schmid">F.X. Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemaco" title="Gemaco">Gemaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.O._%C3%96berg_%26_Son" title="J.O. Öberg & Son">J.O. Öberg & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modiano_(company)" title="Modiano (company)">Modiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag" title="Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag">Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oishi_Tengudo" title="Oishi Tengudo">Oishi Tengudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatnik" title="Piatnik">Piatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburger" title="Ravensburger">Ravensburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trefl_Playing_Card_Company" title="Trefl Playing Card Company">Trefl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Games_Systems" title="U.S. Games Systems">U.S. Games Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Playing_Card_Company" title="United States Playing Card Company">United States Playing Card Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Playing_Cards" title="Bicycle Playing Cards">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimaud_(company)" title="Grimaud (company)">Grimaud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspioti-ELKA" title="Aspioti-ELKA">Aspioti-ELKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefelder_Spielkarten" title="Bielefelder Spielkarten">Bielefelder Spielkarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.L._W%C3%BCst" title="C.L. Wüst">C.L. Wüst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodall_%26_Sons" title="Charles Goodall & Sons">Charles Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondorf" title="Dondorf">Dondorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cohen_(cardmaker)" title="Lewis Cohen (cardmaker)">Lewis Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddingtons" title="Waddingtons">Waddingtons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Asher" title="Lee Asher">Lee Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Auer_(card_game_historian)" title="Hubert Auer (card game historian)">Hubert Auer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Berg" title="Bryan Berg">Bryan Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cohen_(cardmaker)" title="Lewis Cohen (cardmaker)">Lewis Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_and_Dave_(magicians)" title="Dan and Dave (magicians)">Dan and Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Depaulis" title="Thierry Depaulis">Thierry Depaulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._W._Erdnase" title="S. W. Erdnase">S. W. Erdnase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Green" title="Lennart Green">Lennart Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harding_(forger)" title="Richard Harding (forger)">Richard Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Kaspar_Hechtel" title="Johann Kaspar Hechtel">Johann Kaspar Hechtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Jay" title="Ricky Jay">Ricky Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekiryo_Kaneda" title="Sekiryo Kaneda">Sekiryo Kaneda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lavand" title="René Lavand">René Lavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Marlo" title="Ed Marlo">Ed Marlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Playing_Cards" title="Master of the Playing Cards">Master of the Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLeod_(card_game_researcher)" title="John McLeod (card game researcher)">John McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Moser" title="Anton Moser">Anton Moser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Murray" title="Samuel J. Murray">Samuel J. Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parlett" title="David Parlett">David Parlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Piatnik" title="Ferdinand Piatnik">Ferdinand Piatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Valentine_Pitchford" title="Richard Valentine Pitchford">Richard Valentine Pitchford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Franco Pratesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Rauch_(politician)" title="Johann Georg Rauch (politician)">Johann Georg Rauch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tamariz" title="Juan Tamariz">Juan Tamariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Thurston" title="Howard Thurston">Howard Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Troedel" title="Charles Troedel">Charles Troedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Vernon" title="Dai Vernon">Dai Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusajiro_Yamauchi" title="Fusajiro Yamauchi">Fusajiro Yamauchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skat" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skat_(card_game)" title="Skat (card game)">Skat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Skat_Association" title="British Skat Association">British Skat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Skat_Association" title="German Skat Association">German Skat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Skat_Court" title="International Skat Court">International Skat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Skat_Players_Association" title="International Skat Players Association">International Skat Players Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/52_Plus_Joker" title="52 Plus Joker">52 Plus Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Collection_of_Playing_Cards" title="Cary Collection of Playing Cards">Cary Collection of Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournier_Museum_of_Playing_Cards" title="Fournier Museum of Playing Cards">Fournier Museum of Playing Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Doppelkopf_Association" title="German Doppelkopf Association">German Doppelkopf Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Playing_Card_Museum" title="German Playing Card Museum">German Playing Card Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_Carte_%C3%A0_Jouer" title="Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer">Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Arashiyama_Museum_of_Arts_and_Culture" title="Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture">Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Makers_of_Playing_Cards" title="Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards">Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Card_manipulation" title="Card manipulation">Card manipulation</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cardistry" title="Cardistry">cardistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tricks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tricks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acme_of_Control" title="The Acme of Control">The Acme of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambitious_Card" title="Ambitious Card">Ambitious Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone%27s_Card_Trick_Without_Cards" title="Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards">Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Circus_Card_Trick" title="The Circus Card Trick">The Circus Card Trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Burglars" title="The Four Burglars">The Four Burglars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_This_World_(card_trick)" title="Out of This World (card trick)">Out of This World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Card" title="Rising Card">Rising Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_Bee_(card_trick)" title="Spelling Bee (card trick)">Spelling Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-One_Card_Trick" title="Twenty-One Card Trick">Twenty-One Card Trick</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_dealing" title="Bottom dealing">Bottom dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_marking" title="Card marking">Card marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_sharp" title="Card sharp">Card sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_throwing" title="Card throwing">Card throwing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cards_in_the_hat" title="Cards in the hat">Cards in the hat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardistry-Con" title="Cardistry-Con">Cardistry-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(cards)" title="Cut (cards)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_lift" title="Double lift">Double lift</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Expert_at_the_Card_Table" title="The Expert at the Card Table">The Expert at the Card Table</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrmann_pass" title="Herrmann pass">Herrmann pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cardistry" title="History of cardistry">History of cardistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_cards" title="House of cards">House of cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-way_deck" title="One-way deck">One-way deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palming" title="Palming">Palms</a> and grips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_palm" title="Gambler's palm">gambler's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magician%27s_palm" title="Magician's palm">magician's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanic%27s_grip" title="Mechanic's grip">mechanic's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkai_palm" title="Tenkai palm">Tenkai</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Card_Table" title="The Phantom of the Card Table">The Phantom of the Card Table</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_dealing" title="Second dealing">Second dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuffling" title="Shuffling">Shuffling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faro_shuffle" title="Faro shuffle">faro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbreath_shuffle" title="Gilbreath shuffle">Gilbreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarrow_shuffle" title="Zarrow shuffle">Zarrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Stebbins_stack" title="Si Stebbins stack">Si Stebbins stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoke_card" title="Spoke card">Spoke card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-card_monte" title="Three-card monte">Three-card monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_deck" title="Trick deck">Trick decks</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Acrobats_(Dor%C3%A9)" title="The Acrobats (Doré)">The Acrobats</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bezique_Game" title="The Bezique Game">The Bezique Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Players" title="The Card Players">The Card Players</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Players_II" title="The Card Players II">The Card Players II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Card_Players_in_a_Rich_Interior" title="Card Players in a Rich Interior">Card Players in a Rich Interior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Card_Sharp_with_the_Ace_of_Diamonds" title="The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds">The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardplayers_in_a_Sunlit_Room" title="Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room">Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardsharps" title="The Cardsharps">The Cardsharps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dogs_Playing_Poker" title="Dogs Playing Poker">Dogs Playing Poker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_a_Poem" title="Still Life with a Poem">Still Life with a Poem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violin_and_Playing_Cards_on_a_Table" title="Violin and Playing Cards on a Table">Violin and Playing Cards on a Table</a></i></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Card_Sharks" title="Card Sharks">Card Sharks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Playing_Cards_(film)" title="Playing Cards (film)">Playing Cards</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Play_Your_Cards_Right" title="Play Your Cards Right">Play Your Cards Right</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_card_games" title="Template:Historical card games">Historical card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Non_trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Non trick-taking card games">Non trick-taking card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Trick-taking card games">Trick-taking card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Patience_and_solitaire_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Patience and solitaire games">Patience and solitaire games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Poker" title="Template:Poker">Poker</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Template:Tarot and Tarock card games">Tarot and Tarock card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Template:Occult tarot">Occult tarot</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Playing_card_packs_by_suit_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Playing_card_packs_by_suit_system" title="Template:Playing card packs by suit system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Playing_card_packs_by_suit_system" title="Template talk:Playing card packs by suit system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Playing_card_packs_by_suit_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Playing card packs by suit system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Playing_card_packs_by_suit_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">Playing card</a> packs by suit system</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Historical patterns are shown in italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French</a><br /><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span><span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span><span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck" title="Standard 52-card deck">Standard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Baronesse_pattern">Baronesse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Belgian-Genoese_pattern">Belgian-Genoese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Dondorf_Rhineland_pattern">Dondorf Rhineland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Dutch_pattern">Dutch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English_pattern">English</a> (Anglo-American)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hamburg_pattern">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Lombard_pattern">Lombard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_Swedish_pattern">Modern Swedish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Paris_pattern">Paris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Piedmontese_pattern">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rouen_pattern">Rouen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Russian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Tuscan_pattern">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Vienna_pattern">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-color_deck" title="Four-color deck">Four-color deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_awareness_playing_cards" title="Archaeology awareness playing cards">Archaeology awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards" title="Hamas most wanted playing cards">Hamas most wanted</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerry%27s_Nugget_playing_cards" title="Jerry's Nugget playing cards">Jerry's Nugget</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicards" title="Politicards">Politicards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_playing_card" title="Transformation playing card">Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal tarot">Animal Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_Tarot" title="Bourgeois Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cego#Deck" title="Cego">Adler-Cego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_Nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot Nouveau">Tarot Nouveau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bells_(card_suit)" title="Bells (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Bay_schelle.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(card_suit)" title="Acorns (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Bay_eichel.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11" data-file-height="16" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(card_suit)" title="Hearts (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Bay_herz.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(card_suit)" title="Leaves (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Bay_gras.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="11" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Augsburg" title="German-suited playing cards">Augsburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Bavarian" title="German-suited playing cards">Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Bohemian" title="German-suited playing cards">Bohemian</a> (Prague)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Franconian" title="German-suited playing cards">Franconian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Lower_Saxon" title="German-suited playing cards">Lower Saxon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#New_Altenburg" title="German-suited playing cards">New Altenburg</a> (East German)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Prussian" title="German-suited playing cards">Prussian</a> (Prussian-Silesian)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Salzburg" title="German-suited playing cards">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Saxon" title="German-suited playing cards">Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#William_Tell" title="German-suited playing cards">Tell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Ulm-Munich_pattern" title="German-suited playing cards">Ulm-Munich</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards#Württemberg" title="German-suited playing cards">Württemberg</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Roses_(suit)" title="Roses (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/15px-RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/23px-RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/30px-RosendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="29" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Shields_(suit)" title="Shields (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/10px-SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/15px-SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg/20px-SchiltendeutschschweizerBlatt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swiss-suited_playing_cards" title="Swiss-suited playing cards">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_playing_cards" title="Polish playing cards">Polish playing cards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coins_(suit)" title="Coins (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg/15px-Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg/23px-Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg/30px-Seme_denari_carte_aluette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="262" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Batons_(suit)" title="Batons (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg/18px-Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg/27px-Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg/36px-Seme_bastoni_carte_aluette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="613" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cups_(suit)" title="Cups (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg/14px-Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg/21px-Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg/28px-Seme_coppe_carte_aluette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="718" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Swords_(suit)" title="Swords (suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg/8px-Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg/12px-Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg/16px-Seme_spade_carte_aluette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="1235" /></a></span> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian-suited_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-suited playing cards">Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trentine_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentine pattern">Trentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards#Trentine,_Bresciane,_and_Bergamasche" title="Italian playing cards">Bresciane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards#Trentine,_Bresciane,_and_Bergamasche" title="Italian playing cards">Bergamasche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards#Trevisane_and_Triestine" title="Italian playing cards">Trevisane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards#Trevisane_and_Triestine" title="Italian playing cards">Triestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards#Primiera_Bolognese_and_Tarocco_Bolognese" title="Italian playing cards">Primiera Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Bolognese" title="Tarocco Bolognese">Tarocco Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Tarocco Piemontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_1JJ_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss 1JJ Tarot">Swiss 1JJ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Tarot de Besançon">Tarot de Besançon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trappola" title="Trappola">Trappola</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Castilian_pattern" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Castilian pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Mexican" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Mexican</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Old_Catalan" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish National (Old Catalan)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Cádiz" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Cádiz pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Modern_Spanish_Catalan" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Modern Spanish Catalan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#French_Catalan" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">French Catalan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Parisian_Spanish" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Parisian Spanish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Franco-Spanish" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Franco-Spanish</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluette" title="Aluette">Aluette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Piacentine" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Piacentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Romagnole" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Romagnole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Madrid_pattern" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Madrid pattern</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Sicilian" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Siciliane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Neapolitan" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Napoletane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards#Sardinian_pattern" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Sarde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charruan_playing_cards" title="Charruan playing cards">Charruan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Siciliano" title="Tarocco Siciliano">Tarocco Siciliano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minchiate" title="Minchiate">Minchiate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuta#Komatsufuda" title="Karuta">Komatsufuda</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Mitsudomoe" title="Mitsudomoe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg/15px-Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg/23px-Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg/30px-Seme_carte_ursun_karuta_giri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karuta#Unsun_karuta" title="Karuta">Unsun Karuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_playing_cards#Money-suited_cards" title="Chinese playing cards">Money-suited</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">文</a><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">索</a><a href="/wiki/Myriad" title="Myriad">萬</a>十</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Madiao" title="Madiao">Madiao</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Tigers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Tigers (page does not exist)">Six Tigers</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%99%8E%E7%89%8C" class="extiw" title="zh:六虎牌">zh</a>]</sup></li> <li><i>Bài bất</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_t%C3%B4m" title="Tổ tôm">Tổ tôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0i_ch%C3%B2i" class="mw-redirect" title="Bài chòi">Bài chòi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceki (page does not exist)">Ceki</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceki" class="extiw" title="ms:Ceki">ms</a>]</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single-suited/<br />non-suited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/As-Nas" title="As-Nas">As-Nas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucc%C3%B9" title="Cuccù">Cuccù</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gnav" title="Gnav">Gnav</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kille_(card_game)" title="Kille (card game)">Kille</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vogelspiel" title="Vogelspiel">Vogelspiel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvitlech" title="Kvitlech">Kvitlech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabufuda" title="Kabufuda">Kabufuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuta#Harifuda_and_Hikifuda" title="Karuta">Harifuda & Hikifuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuta#E-awase_karuta" title="Karuta">E-awase Karuta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uta-garuta" title="Uta-garuta">Uta-garuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuta#Iroha_karuta" title="Karuta">Iroha karuta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Many suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjifa" title="Ganjifa">Ganjifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjapa" title="Ganjapa">Ganjapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashabatar_Cards" title="Dashabatar Cards">Dashabatar Cards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanafuda" title="Hanafuda">Hanafuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujeon" title="Tujeon">Tujeon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Historical suit-system</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambraser_Hofjagdspiel" title="Ambraser Hofjagdspiel">Ambraser Hofjagdspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Hunting_Deck" title="Flemish Hunting Deck">Flemish Hunting Deck</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hof%C3%A4mterspiel" title="Hofämterspiel">Hofämterspiel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_pack" title="Stuttgart pack">Stuttgart pack</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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