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Tilgjengelig på 50 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford-f%C3%A6ngselseksperimentet" title="Stanford-fængselseksperimentet – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stanford-fængselseksperimentet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordexperimentet" title="Stanfordexperimentet – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stanfordexperimentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="تجربة سجن ستانفورد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجربة سجن ستانفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preba_d%27a_garchola_de_Stanford" title="Preba d'a garchola de Stanford – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Preba d'a garchola de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenford_h%C9%99bsxana_eksperimenti" title="Stenford həbsxana eksperimenti – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stenford həbsxana eksperimenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_ka%E2%81%BF-ga%CC%8Dk_si%CC%8Dt-gi%C4%81m" title="Stanford kaⁿ-ga̍k si̍t-giām – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Stanford kaⁿ-ga̍k si̍t-giām" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Станфордски затворнически експеримент – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Станфордски затворнически експеримент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment_de_la_pres%C3%B3_de_Stanford" title="Experiment de la presó de Stanford – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Experiment de la presó de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordsk%C3%BD_v%C4%9Bze%C5%88sk%C3%BD_experiment" title="Stanfordský vězeňský experiment – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stanfordský vězeňský experiment" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford-Prison-Experiment" title="Stanford-Prison-Experiment – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stanford-Prison-Experiment" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordi_vanglaeksperiment" title="Stanfordi vanglaeksperiment – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stanfordi vanglaeksperiment" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Πείραμα φυλάκισης του Στάνφορντ – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πείραμα φυλάκισης του Στάνφορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stanford prison experiment" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimento_de_la_c%C3%A1rcel_de_Stanford" title="Experimento de la cárcel de Stanford – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Experimento de la cárcel de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanforda_malliberejo-eksperimento" title="Stanforda malliberejo-eksperimento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stanforda malliberejo-eksperimento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_espetxeko_esperimentua" title="Stanford espetxeko esperimentua – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stanford espetxeko esperimentua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="آزمایش زندان استنفورد – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایش زندان استنفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_de_Stanford" title="Expérience de Stanford – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expérience de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimento_da_prisi%C3%B3n_de_Stanford" title="Experimento da prisión de Stanford – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Experimento da prisión de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EA%B0%90%EC%98%A5_%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98" title="스탠퍼드 감옥 실험 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스탠퍼드 감옥 실험" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B1" title="Սթենֆորդի բանտային գիտափորձ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթենֆորդի բանտային գիտափորձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordski_zatvorski_eksperiment" title="Stanfordski zatvorski eksperiment – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanfordski zatvorski eksperiment" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percobaan_penjara_Stanford" title="Percobaan penjara Stanford – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Percobaan penjara Stanford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperimento_carcerario_di_Stanford" title="Esperimento carcerario di Stanford – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esperimento carcerario di Stanford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ניסוי הכלא של סטנפורד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניסוי הכלא של סטנפורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Стенфорд абак эксперименти – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стенфорд абак эксперименти" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordo_kal%C4%97jimo_eksperimentas" title="Stanfordo kalėjimo eksperimentas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stanfordo kalėjimo eksperimentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordi_b%C3%B6rt%C3%B6nk%C3%ADs%C3%A9rlet" title="Stanfordi börtönkísérlet – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stanfordi börtönkísérlet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Стенфордски затворски експеримент – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стенфордски затворски експеримент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajian_penjara_Stanford" title="Kajian penjara Stanford – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kajian penjara Stanford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="စတန်းဖို့ ထောင်တွင်းစမ်းသပ်ချက် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စတန်းဖို့ ထောင်တွင်းစမ်းသပ်ချက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford-gevangenisexperiment" title="Stanford-gevangenisexperiment – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stanford-gevangenisexperiment" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84%E5%AE%9F%E9%A8%93" title="スタンフォード監獄実験 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スタンフォード監獄実験" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanfordzki_eksperyment_wi%C4%99zienny" title="Stanfordzki eksperyment więzienny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stanfordzki eksperyment więzienny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimento_de_aprisionamento_de_Stanford" title="Experimento de aprisionamento de Stanford – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Experimento de aprisionamento de Stanford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentul_Stanford" title="Experimentul Stanford – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Experimentul Stanford" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Стэнфордский тюремный эксперимент – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стэнфордский тюремный эксперимент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="स्टैन्फोर्डकारागारस्य प्रयोगः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्टैन्फोर्डकारागारस्य प्रयोगः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksperimenti_i_burgut_n%C3%AB_Stanford" title="Eksperimenti i burgut në Stanford – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eksperimenti i burgut në Stanford" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stanford prison experiment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><p><b>Stanford Prison Experiment</b> var et <a href="/wiki/Sosialpsykologi" title="Sosialpsykologi">sosialpsykologisk eksperiment</a> utført av <a href="/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo" title="Philip Zimbardo">Philip Zimbardo</a>, Craig Haney og Curtis Banks i 1971 på <a href="/wiki/Stanford_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford university">universitetet i Stanford</a>, California, USA. Eksperimentet var utformet som et rollespill med fanger og fangevoktere, og skulle ta for seg mellommenneskelig dynamikk i et fengselsmiljø. Spesielt var målet med eksperimentet å undersøke i hvilken grad disposisjonelle eller situasjonelle faktorer spiller inn på menneskers <a href="/wiki/Atferd" title="Atferd">atferd</a> i grupper. Selv om eksperimentet var tenkt å vare i to uker, ble det avsluttet allerede etter 6 dager, fordi forholdet mellom fanger og fangevoktere ble vurdert til å bli en fare for liv og helse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det har vært regnet som et av de mest sentrale sosialpsykologiske eksperimentene i <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologiens historie</a> og er hyppig omtalt i psykologilærebøker<sup id="cite_ref-Zimbardo,_P._1973_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimbardo,_P._1973-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senere har det kommet fram at flere av forsøkspersonene oppfattet eksperimentet mer som et skuespill.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gjennomføringen_av_eksperimentet"><span id="Gjennomf.C3.B8ringen_av_eksperimentet"></span>Gjennomføringen av eksperimentet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gjennomføringen av eksperimentet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gjennomføringen av eksperimentet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det deltok 24 mannlige collegestudenter i eksperimentet. Disse var blitt valgt på grunnlag av en personlighetsundersøkelse som kartla dem som de 24 mest mentalt stabile individene av den opprinnelige gruppen på 72 som ønsket å delta. På denne måten sikret man at deltakerne var normale, fungerende, mennesker. Disse ble ved tilfeldig utvelgelse satt til å spille rollene som enten fange eller fangevokter. Eksperimentlederne ga fangevokterne instrukser om å «holde orden på fangene» og presiserte at fysisk vold ikke var tillatt, men utover dette ble det ikke gitt nøyaktige instrukser til deltakerne. Fangene satt innesperret 24 timer i døgnet, mens fangevokterne jobbet daglige 8-timers skift. For å gjøre det enklere å gå inn i de ulike rollene fikk gruppene utdelt uniformer. Fangevokterne fikk militærliknende uniform og solbriller, mens fangene ble tildelt ukomfortable antrekk som var ment å være ydmykende. Philip Zimbardo, en av eksperimentlederne, spilte også rollen som fengselsbestyrer i forsøket. </p><p>Fengselet var ment å likne et vanlig amerikansk fengsel, hvor fangene hadde jobber som skulle gjøres, og fangevokterne hadde som oppgave å holde orden. Det var blant annet oppstilling og loggføring. Situasjonen ble observert med videokamera og mikrofoner. I tillegg måtte deltakerne svare på spørreskjemaer og intervjuer før, under og etter eksperimentet. </p><p>Eksperimentet måtte avbrytes etter 6 dager da en kvinnelig medforsker insisterte overfor Zimbardo at det var uetisk å fortsette. Da hadde allerede fangevokterne psykisk plaget fangene over flere dager og tvunget dem til å gjennomføre nedverdigende aktiviteter. Flere av fangene hadde opplevd mentale sammenbrudd og ytret ønske om å trekke seg fra eksperimentet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resultater_av_eksperimentet_og_funn">Resultater av eksperimentet og funn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Resultater av eksperimentet og funn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Resultater av eksperimentet og funn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forskerne hadde ingen spesifikk hypotese når eksperimentet startet, men hadde en antagelse om at den gruppen man ble plassert i ville ha innvirkning på atferden til deltakerne. </p><p>Utfallet av eksperimentet var at deltakerne svært raskt tilpasset seg sine roller. Fangene kom inn i en tilstand av <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A6rt_hjelpel%C3%B8shet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lært hjelpeløshet (ikke skrevet ennå)">lært hjelpeløshet</a>, kalt «the pathological prisoner syndrom» av Zimbardo selv. De ble svært passive, <a href="/wiki/Depresjon_(sykdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Depresjon (sykdom)">deprimerte</a> og akspeterte i stor grad fangevokternes brutale regime. De opplevde et tap av sin opprinnelige <a href="/wiki/Identitet" title="Identitet">identitet</a> og gikk mer og mer inn i rollen som fange. Fangevokterne ble på sin side mer <a href="/wiki/Aggresjon" title="Aggresjon">aggressive</a> og nedverdigende mot fangene ettersom studiet utviklet seg. Dette kan illustreres med følgende utdrag hentet fra dagboken til en av fangevokterne: </p> <blockquote><p> Dag 1: <i>«Ettersom jeg er passifist og et ikke-voldelig menneske, kan jeg ikke forestille meg en gang jeg kan mishandle andre levende skapninger.»</i></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p> Dag 3: <i>«Dette var min første sjanse til å trene på den typen manipulerende makt som jeg virkelig liker.»</i></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p> Dag 5: <i>«Jeg trakasserte Sarge, som hardnakket fortsetter å overreagere på mine kommandoer. Jeg har utpekt ham til å bli spesielt sjikanert både fordi han ber om det og fordi jeg rett og slett ikke liker ham.»</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Antagelsen til forskerne var at denne utviklingen fant sted siden fangevokterne mistet identitesfølelsen og identifiserte seg mer med gruppen sin. De gikk inn i en anonym tilværelse med diffusjon av ansvar som gjorde det lettere å opptre med lite medmenneskelighet mot fangene. Dette skjedde til tross for at ingen av gruppene viste noen av disse personlighetstrekkene før eksperimentet startet. Forskerne fant at deltakerne gjennomgikk en personlighetsforandring for å konformere med rollen de ble gitt. 1/3 av vaktene ble antatt å ha utviklet <a href="/wiki/Sadisme" title="Sadisme">sadistiske</a> trekk ved slutten av eksperimentet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konklusjon">Konklusjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konklusjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konklusjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det Stanford-eksperimentet viste er at situasjonen er av stor betydning for atferd. Zimbardo hadde vist at normale mennesker var kapable til å utføre sadistiske handlinger om dette forventes av omgivelsene. Funnene er altså i tråd med hva <a href="/wiki/Milgram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milgram">Milgram</a> fant i sitt <a href="/wiki/Milgram-eksperimentet" title="Milgram-eksperimentet">lydighetseksperiment</a> 10 år tidligere; onde handlinger er ikke nødvendigvis et resultat av at personen som utfører handlingen er ond, men selv normale mennesker kan utføre onde handlinger når sterke sosiale faktorer spiller inn. </p><p>Zimbardos eksperiment viste effektene av en rekke sosialpsykologiske effekter som har betydning for atferden til enkeltindivider i grupper. Det ble observert en <a href="/wiki/Konformitet" title="Konformitet">konformitetseffekt</a> hos begge gruppene. Konformitet kan forstås som situasjoner der personer tilpasser handlingene sine etter det de oppfatter som <a href="/wiki/Norm" title="Norm">gruppenormen</a>. I eksperimentet rettet stadig flere av deltakerne seg etter normen i gruppen sin som var i tråd med rolleforventningen. Disse normene ble etablert av deltakere som tok lederansvar i hver av gruppene. </p><p>Det ble også observert en gruppepolariseringseffekt der den dominerende tendensen ble forsterket. Denne effekten oppstår i små grupper som ikke mottar impulser utenfra og fører til at motforestillinger blir bagatellisert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritikk">Kritikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kritikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kritikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eksperimentet har måtte tåle mye kritikk, og debatteres fremdeles den dag i dag.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En av kritikkene mot eksperimentet er at forsøket ikke er overførbart til forholdene i et vanlig amerikansk fengsel, forsøket mangler realistisk gyldighet. Zimbardo påpeker selv denne mangelen i den opprinnelige forskningsartikkelen.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimbardo,_P._1973_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimbardo,_P._1973-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbardos dobbeltrolle som både eksperimentleder og fengselsbestyrer er også problematisk i og med at det hindret han i rollen som nøytral observatør. Dette uttalte Zimbardo selv i en dokumentar laget av BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kritikere har også kalt eksperimentet uetisk i og med at deltakerne ble utsatt for sterkt psykologisk press og til dels også vold. På en annen side, deltakerne ble debrifet i etterkant og ingen permanent negativ effekt ble observert hos dem som hadde deltatt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Prison_Experiment&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Gerrig, R.J., Zimbardo, P.G., Svartdal, F., Archer, T., Brennen, T., Donaldson, R. (2012). Psychology and life. Scandinavian ed. London: Pearson.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimbardo,_P._1973-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Zimbardo,_P._1973_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zimbardo,_P._1973_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Zimbardo, P., Haney, C., & Banks, C. (1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International journal of Criminology and Penology, 69-97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/viten/i/3jbokP/Kjent-eksperiment-avslort-som-skuespill-Na-ma-larebokene-skrives-om">«Kjent eksperiment avslørt som skuespill. Nå må lærebøkene skrives om.»</a>. <i>Aftenposten</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. september 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AStanford+Prison+Experiment&rft.atitle=Kjent+eksperiment+avsl%C3%B8rt+som+skuespill.+N%C3%A5+m%C3%A5+l%C3%A6reb%C3%B8kene+skrives+om.&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fviten%2Fi%2F3jbokP%2FKjent-eksperiment-avslort-som-skuespill-Na-ma-larebokene-skrives-om&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesixfifty.com/was-the-stanford-prison-experiment-a-sham-a-q-a-with-the-writer-who-exposed-the-celebrated-study-17e5ba0eedef">«Was the Stanford Prison Experiment a sham? A Q&A with the writer who exposed the celebrated study»</a>. <i>THE SIX FIFTY</i>. 19. juni 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. september 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AStanford+Prison+Experiment&rft.atitle=Was+the+Stanford+Prison+Experiment+a+sham%3F+A+Q%26A+with+the+writer+who+exposed+the+celebrated+study&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=THE+SIX+FIFTY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesixfifty.com%2Fwas-the-stanford-prison-experiment-a-sham-a-q-a-with-the-writer-who-exposed-the-celebrated-study-17e5ba0eedef&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Martin, G., Carlson, N., & Buskist, W. (2010). Psychology. (4 ed., pp. 687–688). London: A Pearson Education Company. DOI: www.pearsoned.co.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008crhv">http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008crhv</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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