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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cunco people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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– Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo cunco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunco" title="Cunco – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cunco" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuncos" title="Cuncos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cuncos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunco" title="Cunco – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cunco" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunco" title="Cunco – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cunco" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3502040#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic subgroup native to southern Chile</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the municipality in Chile, see <a href="/wiki/Cunco,_Chile" title="Cunco, Chile">Cunco, Chile</a>.</div> <p><b>Cuncos</b>, <b>Juncos</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Cunches</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a poorly known subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche people</a> native to coastal areas of southern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and the nearby hinterland.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mostly a historic term, Cuncos are chiefly known for their long-running conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">colonial era</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chilean_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean history">Chilean history</a>. </p><p>Cuncos cultivated <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potatoes_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Potatoes of Chiloé">potatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a> and raised <a href="/wiki/Chilihueque" title="Chilihueque">chilihueques</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their economy was complemented by travels during spring and summer to the coast where they gathered <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a> and hunted <a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">sea lions</a>. They were said to live in large <a href="/wiki/Ruka_(Mapuche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruka (Mapuche)">rukas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cuncos were organized in small local chiefdoms forming a complex system of intermarried families or <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clans</a> with local allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman47_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman47-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnicity_and_identity">Ethnicity and identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The details of the identity of the Cuncos is not fully clear. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bengoa" title="José Bengoa">José Bengoa</a> defines "Cunco" as a category of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Mapuche-Huilliche people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zona_Sur" title="Zona Sur">southern Chile</a> used by the Spanish in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">colonial times</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BengoaSigloXIX-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish referred to them as <i>indios cuncos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BengoaSigloXIX-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eugenio Alcamán cautions that the term "Cunco" in Spanish documents may not correspond to an ethnic group since they were defined, like other denominations for indigenous groups, chiefly on the basis of the territory they inhabited.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman29_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman29-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ximena_Urbina" title="Ximena Urbina">Ximena Urbina</a> stresses that the differences between the southern Mapuche groups are poorly known but that their customs and language appear to have been the same.<sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cuncos, she claims, are ethnically and culturally significantly more distant from the <a href="/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_(historic_region)" title="Araucanía (historic region)">Araucanian</a> Mapuche than neighboring (non-Cunco) Huilliches.<sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urbina also notes that the core group of the Cuncos distinguished themselves from the nearby Huilliches of the plains and the southern Cuncos of <a href="/wiki/Maull%C3%ADn_River" title="Maullín River">Maullín</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a> by their staunch resistance to Spanish rule.<sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That the Cuncos were a distinct group is also shown, according to Urbina, by the fact that the colonial Spanish also considered them the most <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarian</a> of the southern Mapuche groups<sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the Cuncos and (non-Cunco) Huilliche considered themselves different.<sup id="cite_ref-ximena2009-34_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ximena2009-34-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Futahuillimapu" title="Futahuillimapu">Futahuillimapu</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRTM-W74.00E71.50S41.00N40.00.Osorno.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/SRTM-W74.00E71.50S41.00N40.00.Osorno.png/250px-SRTM-W74.00E71.50S41.00N40.00.Osorno.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/SRTM-W74.00E71.50S41.00N40.00.Osorno.png/500px-SRTM-W74.00E71.50S41.00N40.00.Osorno.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption>SRTM map of the topography of Chile between the <a href="/wiki/40th_parallel_south" title="40th parallel south">40th</a> and <a href="/wiki/41st_parallel_south" class="mw-redirect" title="41st parallel south">41st</a> parallel south. The Cunco inhabited the western (left) territory shown in the map. But not necessarily the northwest (top left).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Febr%C3%A9s" title="Andrés Febrés">Andrés Febrés</a> mentions the Cuncos as inhabiting the area between <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> and Chiloé.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tapping on Febrés work <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Herv%C3%A1s_y_Panduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro">Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro</a> writes that Cuncos inhabit the mainland north of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a> as far north as to limit with "Araucanian barbarians" (Mapuche from <a href="/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_(historic_region)" title="Araucanía (historic region)">Araucanía</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo1800-127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hervás y Panduro list them as one of three "Chilean barbarians" groups inhabiting the territory between latitudes 36° S and 41° S, the other being the Araucanians and <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-128_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo1800-128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cuncos lived in the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Coast_Range" title="Chilean Coast Range">Chilean Coast Range</a> and its foothills.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proper Huilliches lived east of them in the flatlands of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Central_Valley" title="Chilean Central Valley">Central Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman33-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are differing views on the southern extent of the Cunco lands, some accounts mention the <a href="/wiki/Maull%C3%ADn_River" title="Maullín River">Maullín River</a> as the limit while other say the Cuncos inhabited the land all the way to the middle of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman33-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A theory postulated by chronicler <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Garc%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Pérez García (page does not exist)">José Pérez García</a> holds the Cuncos settled in <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Hispanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Hispanic">Pre-Hispanic</a> times as consequence of a push from more northern <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliches</a> who in turn were being displaced by <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman33-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indigenous inhabitants of the northern half of Chiloé Island, of Mapuche culture, are variously referred as Cunco, Huilliche or <a href="/wiki/Veliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Veliche">Veliche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-medicos_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicos-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lands of the Cunco were described in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">colonial sources</a> as rainy and rich in <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, rivers, streams with thick forests with stout and tall trees. Flat and cleared terrain was scarce and local roads very narrow and of poor quality.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman33-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cuncos should not be confused with Cuncos from the locality of <a href="/wiki/Cunco,_Chile" title="Cunco, Chile">Cunco</a> further north.<sup id="cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BengoaSigloXIX-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Herv%C3%A1s_y_Panduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro">Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro</a> mention the language of cuncos as an accent or dialect similar to "Chiloense", the language of the indigenous people of <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo1800-127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserting the languages of Huilliches, Cuncos, <a href="/wiki/Pehuenches" class="mw-redirect" title="Pehuenches">Pehuenches</a> and Araucanians (Mapuche) were mutually intelligible.<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-128_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo1800-128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_with_the_Spanish">Conflict with the Spanish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conflict with the Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png/250px-SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png/375px-SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png/500px-SRTM-W74.20E71.70S42.00N41.00.PuertoMontt.png 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption>SRTM map of the topography of Chile between the <a href="/wiki/41st_parallel_south" class="mw-redirect" title="41st parallel south">41st</a> and <a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_south" class="mw-redirect" title="42nd parallel south">42nd</a> parallel south. Much the mainland seen here north of <a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calbuco" title="Calbuco">Calbuco</a> was depopulated as a consequence of a long running conflict between the Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Indios_reyunos" title="Indios reyunos">loyalist Indians</a> on one side and Cuncos and <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliches</a> on the other side.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ever since the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Seven_Cities" title="Destruction of the Seven Cities">Destruction of Osorno</a> the Cuncos had bad relations with the Spanish settlements of <a href="/wiki/Calbuco" title="Calbuco">Calbuco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carelmapu" title="Carelmapu">Carelmapu</a> formed by exiles from Osorno and <a href="/wiki/Indios_reyunos" title="Indios reyunos">loyalist Indians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman30_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the area between <a href="/wiki/Reloncav%C3%AD_Sound" title="Reloncaví Sound">Reloncaví Sound</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maipu%C3%A9_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maipué River (page does not exist)">Maipué River</a> was depopulated as a consequence of this conflict that not only included warfare but <a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">slave raiding</a> too.<sup id="cite_ref-Alcaman30_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alcaman30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 21, 1651, <a href="/wiki/Wreckage_of_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Wreckage of San José">Spanish ship San José</a> aimed to the newly re-established Spanish city of <a href="/wiki/Valdivia" title="Valdivia">Valdivia</a> was pushed by storms into coasts inhabited by the Cuncos south of Valdivia.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana340_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana340-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There the ship ran aground and while most of the crew managed to survive the wreck nearby Cuncos killed them and took possession of the valuable cargo.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana340_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana340-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barana341_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana341-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish made fruitless efforts to recover anything left in wreck.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana341_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana341-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barana342_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two punitive expeditions were assembled one started in Valdivia advancing south and the other in Carelmapu advancing north.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana342_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expedition from Valdivia turned into a failure as Mapuches who were expected to aid the Spanish as <a href="/wiki/Indian_auxiliaries" title="Indian auxiliaries">Indian auxiliaries</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Boroa" title="Parliament of Boroa">Parliament of Boroa</a> did not support the Spanish expedition. While away from Valdivia hostile local Mapuches killed twelve Spanish. The expedition from Valdivia soon ran out of supplies and decided to return to Valdivia without having confronted the Cuncos.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana342_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expedition from Carelmapu was more successful reaching the site of abandoned city of <a href="/wiki/Osorno,_Chile" title="Osorno, Chile">Osorno</a>. Here the Spanish were approached by Huilliches who gave them three <a href="/wiki/Cacique" title="Cacique">caciques</a> who were allegedly involved in the looting and murder of the wrecked Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana342_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governor of Chile <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonio_de_Acu%C3%B1a_Cabrera_y_Bayona" title="Francisco Antonio de Acuña Cabrera y Bayona">Antonio de Acuña Cabrera</a> planned a new Spanish punitive expedition against the Cuncos but was dissuaded by <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a> who warned him that any large military assault would endanger the accords of the Parliament of Boroa.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana343_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana343-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>indios cuncos</i> were the subject of <a href="/wiki/Salazar_brothers" title="Salazar brothers">Juan de Salazar</a>'s failed <a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">slave raid</a> in 1654 that ended in a Spanish defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Bueno" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Río Bueno">Battle of Río Bueno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barana346_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana346-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barana347_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana347-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This battle served as catalyst for the devastating <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1655" title="Mapuche uprising of 1655">Mapuche uprising of 1655</a>. </p><p>Albeit the Cuncos had occasional conflicts with the Spanish from Valdivia as in the 1650s<sup id="cite_ref-Barana342_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barana359_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barana359-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Bueno_(1759)" title="Battle of Río Bueno (1759)">and 1750s</a>, over-all relations towards the Spanish of Calbuco, Carelmapu and Chiloé were more hostile.<sup id="cite_ref-CouyoUrbina_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouyoUrbina-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the Spanish in Valdivia were able to slowly advance their positions by trade and land purchases in the second half of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually Spanish domains reached all the way from Valdivia to <a href="/wiki/Bueno_River" title="Bueno River">Bueno River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CouyoUrbina_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CouyoUrbina-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amidst a period of renewed conflict in 1770 the Spanish destroyed a road the Cuncos had built from <a href="/wiki/Punta_Galera" title="Punta Galera">Punta Galera</a> to <a href="/wiki/Corral,_Chile" title="Corral, Chile">Corral</a> to attack the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_uprising_of_1792" title="Huilliche uprising of 1792">devastating raid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Figueroa" title="Tomás de Figueroa">Tomás de Figueroa</a> through <a href="/wiki/Futahuillimapu" title="Futahuillimapu">Futahuillimapu</a> in 1792, Cunco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apo_%C3%BClmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apo ülmen (page does not exist)">apo ülmen</a> Paylapan (<i>Paill’apangi</i>) sent messengers (<i>wesrkin</i>) to participate in negotiations with the Spanish at the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Las_Canoas" title="Parliament of Las Canoas">Parliament of Las Canoas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salvador2020_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvador2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg/960px-Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg/1050px-Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg/1400px-Pueblos_indigenas_de_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the pre-Hispanic people of Chile.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2019)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Cunco_people#Dubious" title="Talk:Cunco people">discuss</a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A misspelling according to Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro.<sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzo1800-127-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As recorded in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Wilhelm_de_Moesbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernesto Wilhelm de Moesbach (page does not exist)">Ernesto Wilhelm de Moesbach</a>'s 1944 book <i>Voz de Arauco</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huilliches themselves are a southern subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche macro-ethnicity</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">About this region Febrés adds: <i>"which we hope to subdue soon"</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archaeologist and ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_E._Latcham" title="Ricardo E. Latcham">Ricardo E. Latcham</a> built upon on this notion and held this invasion happened in the 13th century and that as consequence of it native <a href="/wiki/Chono_people" title="Chono people">Chono</a> migrated south to <a href="/wiki/Guaitecas_Archipelago" title="Guaitecas Archipelago">Guaitecas Archipelago</a> from Chiloé Archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lorenzo1800-127-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-127_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hervás y Panduro 1800, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_Moesbach2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Moesbach, Ernesto Wilhelm (2016) [1944]. <i>Voz de Arauco</i> (in Spanish). Santiago: Ceibo. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-359-051-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-359-051-7"><bdi>978-956-359-051-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voz+de+Arauco&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Ceibo&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-956-359-051-7&rft.aulast=de+Moesbach&rft.aufirst=Ernesto+Wilhelm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcaman32-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman32_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcamán 1997, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ximena2009-44-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-44_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Urbina 2009, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcaman47-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman47_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcamán 1997, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BengoaSigloXIX-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BengoaSigloXIX_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bengoa 2000, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcaman29-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman29_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcamán 1997, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ximena2009-34-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ximena2009-34_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urbina 2009, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Febrés 1765, p. 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lorenzo1800-128-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-128_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzo1800-128_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hervás y Panduro 1800, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcaman33-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman33_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcamán 1997, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cárdenas <i>et al</i>. 1991, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medicos-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-medicos_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0034-98871998000700002&script=sci_arttext#16.">"Poblaciones costeras de Chile: marcadores genéticos en cuatro localidades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Revista_M%C3%A9dica_de_Chile" title="Revista Médica de Chile">Revista médica de Chile</a></i>. <b>126</b> (7). 1998. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0034-98871998000700002">10.4067/S0034-98871998000700002</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+m%C3%A9dica+de+Chile&rft.atitle=Poblaciones+costeras+de+Chile%3A+marcadores+gen%C3%A9ticos+en+cuatro+localidades&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0034-98871998000700002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscielo.conicyt.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fpid%3DS0034-98871998000700002%26script%3Dsci_arttext%2316.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcaman30-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman30_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcaman30_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcamán 1997, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana340-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barana340_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana340_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana341-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barana341_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana341_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana342-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barana342_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana342_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana342_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana342_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barana342_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana343-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barana343_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana346-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barana346_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana347-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barana347_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barana359-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barana359_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barros Arana 2000, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CouyoUrbina-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CouyoUrbina_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CouyoUrbina_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCouyoumdjian2009" class="citation journal cs1">Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/334/33411422021.pdf">"Reseña de "La frontera de arriba en Chile colonial. Interacción hispano-indígena en el territorio entre Valdivia y Chiloé e imaginario de sus bordes geográficos, 1600-1800" de MARÍA XIMENA URBINA CARRASCO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_(history_of_the_Americas_journal)" title="Historia (history of the Americas journal)">Historia</a></i>. <b>I</b> (42): <span class="nowrap">281–</span>283<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia&rft.atitle=Rese%C3%B1a+de+%22La+frontera+de+arriba+en+Chile+colonial.+Interacci%C3%B3n+hispano-ind%C3%ADgena+en+el+territorio+entre+Valdivia+y+Chilo%C3%A9+e+imaginario+de+sus+bordes+geogr%C3%A1ficos%2C+1600-1800%22+de+MAR%C3%8DA+XIMENA+URBINA+CARRASCO&rft.volume=I&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E283&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Couyoumdjian&rft.aufirst=Juan+Ricardo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redalyc.org%2Fpdf%2F334%2F33411422021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIllanes_Oliva2014" class="citation journal cs1">Illanes Oliva, M. Angélica (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-04622014000100013&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">"La cuarta frontera. El caso del territorio valdiviano (Chile, XVII–XIX)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atenea" title="Atenea">Atenea</a></i>. <b>509</b>: <span class="nowrap">227–</span>243<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atenea&rft.atitle=La+cuarta+frontera.+El+caso+del+territorio+valdiviano+%28Chile%2C+XVII%E2%80%93XIX%29&rft.volume=509&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Illanes+Oliva&rft.aufirst=M.+Ang%C3%A9lica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.cl%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0718-04622014000100013%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuarda_Geywitz1953" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Guarda" title="Gabriel Guarda">Guarda Geywitz, Fernando</a> (1953). <i>Historia de Valdivia</i> (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Cultura. p. 155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Valdivia&rft.place=Santiago+de+Chile&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Imprenta+Cultura&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Guarda+Geywitz&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salvador2020-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salvador2020_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRumian_Cisterna2020" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rumian Cisterna, Salvador (2020-09-17). <i>Gallito Catrilef: Colonialismo y defensa de la tierra en San Juan de la Costa a mediados del siglo XX</i> (M.Sc. thesis) (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Lagos" title="University of Los Lagos">University of Los Lagos</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Gallito+Catrilef%3A+Colonialismo+y+defensa+de+la+tierra+en+San+Juan+de+la+Costa+a+mediados+del+siglo+XX&rft.degree=M.Sc.&rft.inst=University+of+Los+Lagos&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.aulast=Rumian+Cisterna&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cunco_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlcamán1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alcamán, Eugenio (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228093024/http://200.10.23.169/trabajados/alcaman.pdf">"Los mapuche-huilliche del Futahuillimapu septentrional: Expansión colonial, guerras internas y alianzas políticas (1750–1792)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista de Historia Indígena</i> (in Spanish) (2): <span class="nowrap">29–</span>76. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://200.10.23.169/trabajados/alcaman.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-12-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Historia+Ind%C3%ADgena&rft.atitle=Los+mapuche-huilliche+del+Futahuillimapu+septentrional%3A+Expansi%C3%B3n+colonial%2C+guerras+internas+y+alianzas+pol%C3%ADticas+%281750%E2%80%931792%29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Alcam%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F200.10.23.169%2Ftrabajados%2Falcaman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarros_Arana" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana" title="Diego Barros Arana">Barros Arana, Diego</a>. "Capítulo XIV". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0/html/ff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html#I_15_"><i>Historia general de Chile</i></a> (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000 ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cap%C3%ADtulo+XIV&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+Chile&rft.place=Alicante&rft.edition=Digital+edition+based+on+the+second+edition+of+2000&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.aulast=Barros+Arana&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fobra-visor%2Fhistoria-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0%2Fhtml%2Fff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html%23I_15_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBengoa2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bengoa" title="José Bengoa">Bengoa, José</a> (2000). <i>Historia del pueblo mapuche: Siglos XIX y XX</i> (in Spanish) (Seventh ed.). <a href="/wiki/LOM_Ediciones" title="LOM Ediciones">LOM Ediciones</a>. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-282-232-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-282-232-9"><bdi>978-956-282-232-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+del+pueblo+mapuche%3A+Siglos+XIX+y+XX&rft.pages=122&rft.edition=Seventh&rft.pub=LOM+Ediciones&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-956-282-232-9&rft.aulast=Bengoa&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCárdenas_A.Montiel_VeraGrace_Hall1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Renato_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Renato Cárdenas">Cárdenas A., Renato</a>; Montiel Vera, Dante; Grace Hall, Catherine (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0012567.pdf"><i>Los chono y los veliche de Chiloé</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: Olimpho.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+chono+y+los+veliche+de+Chilo%C3%A9&rft.place=Santiago+de+Chile&rft.pub=Olimpho&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=C%C3%A1rdenas+A.&rft.aufirst=Renato&rft.au=Montiel+Vera%2C+Dante&rft.au=Grace+Hall%2C+Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2Farchivos2%2Fpdfs%2FMC0012567.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFebrés1765" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Febr%C3%A9s" title="Andrés Febrés">Febrés, Andrés</a> (1765). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-8486.html"><i>Arte de la lengua general del Reyno de Chile, con un diálogo chileno-hispano muy curioso : a que se añade la doctrina christiana, esto es, rezo, catecismo, coplas, confesionario, y pláticas, lo más en lengua chilena y castellana : y por fin un vocabulario hispano-chileno, y un calepino chileno-hispano mas copioso</i></a> (in Spanish). Lima. p. 465.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arte+de+la+lengua+general+del+Reyno+de+Chile%2C+con+un+di%C3%A1logo+chileno-hispano+muy+curioso+%3A+a+que+se+a%C3%B1ade+la+doctrina+christiana%2C+esto+es%2C+rezo%2C+catecismo%2C+coplas%2C+confesionario%2C+y+pl%C3%A1ticas%2C+lo+m%C3%A1s+en+lengua+chilena+y+castellana+%3A+y+por+fin+un+vocabulario+hispano-chileno%2C+y+un+calepino+chileno-hispano+mas+copioso&rft.place=Lima&rft.pages=465&rft.date=1765&rft.aulast=Febr%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2F602%2Fw3-article-8486.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHervás_y_Panduro1800" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Herv%C3%A1s_y_Panduro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro">Hervás y Panduro, Lorenzo</a> (1800). <i>Catálogo de las lenguas de las naciones conocidas, y numeracion, division, y clases de estas sugún la diversidad de sus idiomas y dialectos</i> (in Spanish). Madrid.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cat%C3%A1logo+de+las+lenguas+de+las+naciones+conocidas%2C+y+numeracion%2C+division%2C+y+clases+de+estas+sug%C3%BAn+la+diversidad+de+sus+idiomas+y+dialectos&rft.place=Madrid&rft.date=1800&rft.aulast=Herv%C3%A1s+y+Panduro&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUrbina_Carrasco2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Urbina Carrasco, Ximena (2009). <i>La Frontera de arriba en Chile Colonial: Interacción hispano-indígena en el territorio entre Valdivia y Chiloé e imaginario de sus bordes geográficos, 1600–1800</i> (in Spanish). Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-17-0433-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-17-0433-6"><bdi>978-956-17-0433-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Frontera+de+arriba+en+Chile+Colonial%3A+Interacci%C3%B3n+hispano-ind%C3%ADgena+en+el+territorio+entre+Valdivia+y+Chilo%C3%A9+e+imaginario+de+sus+bordes+geogr%C3%A1ficos%2C+1600%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Ediciones+Universitarias+de+Valpara%C3%ADso&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-956-17-0433-6&rft.aulast=Urbina+Carrasco&rft.aufirst=Ximena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACunco+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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Mapudungun placenames">Placenames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsesung%C3%BAn_dialect" title="Tsesungún dialect">Tsesungún</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapuche_kultrun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mapuche_kultrun.svg/120px-Mapuche_kultrun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mapuche_kultrun.svg/180px-Mapuche_kultrun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mapuche_kultrun.svg/240px-Mapuche_kultrun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aillarehue" title="Aillarehue">Aillarehue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butalmapu" title="Butalmapu">Butalmapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemamull" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemamull">Chemamull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalku" title="Kalku">Kalku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuel" title="Cuel">Kuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonko" title="Lonko">Lonko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machi_(shaman)" title="Machi (shaman)">Machi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_medicine" title="Mapuche medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_military" title="Mapuche military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapuche mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Mapuche_culture" title="Polygamy in Mapuche culture">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehue" title="Rehue">Rehue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(house_type)" title="Ruka (house type)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_silverwork" title="Mapuche silverwork">Rüxafe (silverwork)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_textiles" title="Mapuche textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqui" title="Toqui">Toki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmen_(Mapuche)" title="Ulmen (Mapuche)">Ulmen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wampu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wampu (page does not exist)">Wampu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weichafe" title="Weichafe">Weichafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werk%C3%A9n" title="Werkén">Werkén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Mapuches" title="Flag of the Mapuches">Wenufoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B1elve" title="Guñelve">Wünelfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroanos" class="mw-redirect" title="Boroanos">Boroanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuncos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuncos">Cuncos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapochoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapochoes">Mapochoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluche" title="Moluche">Moluche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehuenche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pehuenche people">Pehuenche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promaucaes" class="mw-redirect" title="Promaucaes">Promaucaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puelche_people" title="Puelche people">Puelche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picunche" title="Picunche">Picunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poya_people" title="Poya people">Poya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranquel" title="Ranquel">Ranquel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehuelche_people" title="Tehuelche people">Tehuelche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_history" title="Mapuche history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Mapuche" title="Origin of the Mapuche">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incas_in_Central_Chile" title="Incas in Central Chile">Inca invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Maule" title="Battle of the Maule">Battle of the Maule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Spanish Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_of_Mapuches" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery of Mapuches">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%B3n" title="Malón">Malón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucanization_of_Patagonia" title="Araucanization of Patagonia">Araucanization of Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1723" title="Mapuche uprising of 1723">1723 uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1766" title="Mapuche uprising of 1766">1766 uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerra_a_muerte" title="Guerra a muerte">Guerra a muerte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_de_los_chilenos" title="Camino de los chilenos">Camino de los chilenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Campaign_(1833%E2%80%931834)" title="Desert Campaign (1833–1834)">Desert Campaign (1833–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucania_and_Patagonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia">Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Conquest of the Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Araucan%C3%ADa" title="Occupation of Araucanía">Occupation of Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1881" title="Mapuche uprising of 1881">1881 uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parliaments11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Paicav%C3%AD_(1612)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament of Paicaví (1612) (page does not exist)">Paicaví (1612)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Quill%C3%ADn_(1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Quillín (1641)">Quillín (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Quill%C3%ADn_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament of Quillín (1647) (page does not exist)">Quillín (1647)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Boroa" title="Parliament of Boroa">Boroa (1651)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malloco" title="Parliament of Malloco">Malloco (1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Negrete_(1726)" title="Parliament of Negrete (1726)">Negrete (1726)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Negrete_(1793)" title="Parliament of Negrete (1793)">Negrete (1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Las_Canoas" title="Parliament of Las Canoas">Las Canoas (1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tapihue_(1825)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Tapihue (1825)">Tapihue (1825)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tolt%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Toltén">Toltén (1869)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Coz_Coz" title="Parliament of Coz Coz">Coz Coz (1907)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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