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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Invention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Invention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propagation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Propagation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Docutel_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Docutel_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Docutel in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Docutel_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_advances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_advances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Further advances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_advances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Financial networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Global use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Impact on labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Security subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Physical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transactional_secrecy_and_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transactional_secrecy_and_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Transactional secrecy and integrity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transactional_secrecy_and_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customer_identity_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customer_identity_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Customer identity integrity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customer_identity_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Device_operation_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Device_operation_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Device operation integrity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Device_operation_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customer_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customer_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Customer security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customer_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jackpotting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jackpotting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Jackpotting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jackpotting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encryption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encryption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Encryption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encryption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reliability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Reliability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Fraud</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fraud-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fraud subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Card_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Card_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Card fraud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Card_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Related devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ATM</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsbank" title="Kitsbank – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kitsbank" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%9D" title="ኤቲኤም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤቲኤም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A" title="صراف آلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صراف آلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixero_automatico" title="Caixero automatico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caixero automatico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE" title="এ টি এম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এ টি এম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="অটোমেটেড টেলার মেশিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অটোমেটেড টেলার মেশিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкамат – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Банкамат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixer_autom%C3%A0tic" title="Caixer automàtic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caixer automàtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriant_arian_parod" title="Peiriant arian parod – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriant arian parod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeautomat" title="Pengeautomat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pengeautomat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldautomat" title="Geldautomat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geldautomat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaautomaat" title="Pangaautomaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pangaautomaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μηχάνημα αυτόματης ανάληψης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μηχάνημα αυτόματης ανάληψης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajero_autom%C3%A1tico" title="Cajero automático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cajero automático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banka%C5%ADtomato" title="Bankaŭtomato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bankaŭtomato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutxazain_automatiko" title="Kutxazain automatiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kutxazain automatiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="خودپرداز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودپرداز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guichet_automatique_bancaire" title="Guichet automatique bancaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guichet automatique bancaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uathmheais%C3%ADn_bainc" title="Uathmheaisín bainc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uathmheaisín bainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixeiro_autom%C3%A1tico" title="Caixeiro automático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caixeiro automático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0_(ATM)" title="સ્વચાલિત ગણક યંત્ર (ATM) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્વચાલિત ગણક યંત્ર (ATM)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EA%B8%88_%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99_%EC%9E%85%EC%B6%9C%EA%B8%88%EA%B8%B0" title="현금 자동 입출금기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="현금 자동 입출금기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Բանկոմատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանկոմատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="स्वचालित गणक मशीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वचालित गणक मशीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjungan_tunai_mandiri" title="Anjungan tunai mandiri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anjungan tunai mandiri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassero_automatic" title="Cassero automatic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cassero automatic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hra%C3%B0banki" title="Hraðbanki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hraðbanki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportello_automatico" title="Sportello automatico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sportello automatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98" title="כספומט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כספומט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM" title="ATM – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="ATM" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82" title="ಎಟಿಎಂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಟಿಎಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatum_monetale" title="Automatum monetale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Automatum monetale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankas_autom%C4%81ts" title="Bankas automāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bankas automāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomatas" title="Bankomatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bankomatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankautomata" title="Bankautomata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bankautomata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" title="ഓട്ടോമേറ്റഡ് ടെല്ലർ മെഷീൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓട്ടോമേറ്റഡ് ടെല്ലർ മെഷീൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="एटीएम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एटीएम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_juruwang_automatik" title="Mesin juruwang automatik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mesin juruwang automatik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мөнгөний автомат – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгөний автомат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%B6%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အလိုအလျောက် ပိုက်ဆံထုတ်စက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလိုအလျောက် ပိုက်ဆံထုတ်စက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldautomaat" title="Geldautomaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geldautomaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E9%87%91%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E9%A0%90%E3%81%91%E6%89%95%E3%81%84%E6%A9%9F" title="現金自動預け払い機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="現金自動預け払い機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibank" title="Minibank – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Minibank" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minibank" title="Minibank – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Minibank" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%8F._%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80._%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AE." title="ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐੱਮ. – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐੱਮ." data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%92_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اے ٹی ایم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اے ٹی ایم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankom%C3%A1tiko" title="Bankomátiko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bankomátiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="د صرافی ماشین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د صرافی ماشین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_eletr%C3%B4nico" title="Caixa eletrônico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caixa eletrônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancomat" title="Bancomat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bancomat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомаат – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Банкомаат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_(%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2)" title="ᱚᱴᱳᱢᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ (ᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ) – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱴᱳᱢᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ (ᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Teller_Machines" title="Automated Teller Machines – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Automated Teller Machines" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" title="Automated teller machine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Automated teller machine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankkiautomaatti" title="Pankkiautomaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pankkiautomaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttagsautomat" title="Uttagsautomat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uttagsautomat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தன்னியக்க வங்கி இயந்திரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தன்னியக்க வங்கி இயந்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆటోమేటెడ్ టెల్లర్ మెషీన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆటోమేటెడ్ టెల్లర్ మెషీన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Худпардоз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Худпардоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM_(makine)" title="ATM (makine) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="ATM (makine)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankomat" title="Bankomat – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bankomat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Банкомат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Банкомат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%92_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اے ٹی ایم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اے ٹی ایم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancomat" title="Bancomat – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bancomat" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_r%C3%BAt_ti%E1%BB%81n_t%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Máy rút tiền tự động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy rút tiền tự động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomatiko_nga_kahera_nga_makina" title="Otomatiko nga kahera nga makina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Otomatiko nga kahera nga makina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%96%E6%AC%BE%E6%9C%BA" title="自动取款机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="自动取款机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98" title="געלט אויטאמאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געלט אויטאמאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AC%BE%E6%A9%9F" title="提款機 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="提款機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%AB%83%E5%93%A1%E6%A9%9F" title="自動櫃員機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自動櫃員機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=ATM">reviewed</a> on <i>15 February 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Electronic telecommunications device to perform financial transactions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cash_machine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cash machine (disambiguation)">Cash machine (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Money_machine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Money machine (disambiguation)">Money machine (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ATM_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ATM (disambiguation)">ATM (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg/220px-Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg/330px-Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg/440px-Fr%C3%BCher_Bankautomat_von_Nixdorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>An old <a href="/wiki/Nixdorf_Computer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixdorf Computer AG">Nixdorf</a> ATM</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg/220px-ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg/330px-ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg/440px-ICAs_uttagsautomat_ICA_Metro_Skanstull_Stockholm_2005-07-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Smaller indoor ATMs dispense money inside <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> and other busy areas, such as this off-premises <a href="/wiki/Wincor_Nixdorf" title="Wincor Nixdorf">Wincor Nixdorf</a> mono-function ICA ATM in Sweden.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>automated teller machine</b> (<b>ATM</b>) is an electronic <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> device that enables customers of <a href="/wiki/Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institutions</a> to perform <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">financial transactions</a>, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff. </p><p>ATMs are known by a variety of other names, including <b>automatic teller machines (ATMs)</b> in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sometimes <a href="/wiki/RAS_syndrome" title="RAS syndrome">redundantly</a> as "ATM machine"). In Canada, the term <b>automated banking machine (ABM)</b> is also used,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although ATM is also very commonly used in Canada, with many Canadian organizations using ATM rather than ABM.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In British English, the terms <b>cashpoint</b>, <b>cash machine</b> and <b>hole in the wall</b> are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ATMs that are <a href="/wiki/Independent_ATM_deployer" title="Independent ATM deployer">not operated by a financial institution</a> are known as "<a href="/wiki/White-label_ABMs" title="White-label ABMs">white-label</a>" ATMs. </p><p>Using an ATM, customers can access their <a href="/wiki/Bank_deposit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank deposit">bank deposit</a> or credit accounts in order to make a variety of financial transactions, most notably <a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">cash</a> withdrawals and balance checking, as well as transferring credit to and from mobile phones. ATMs can also be used to withdraw cash in a foreign country. If the currency being withdrawn from the ATM is different from that in which the bank account is denominated, the money will be converted at the financial institution's <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Customers are typically identified by inserting a plastic <a href="/wiki/ATM_card" title="ATM card">ATM card</a> (or some other acceptable payment card) into the ATM, with authentication being by the customer entering a <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">personal identification number</a> (PIN), which must match the PIN stored in the chip on the card (if the card is so equipped), or in the issuing financial institution's database. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/ATMIA" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMIA">ATM Industry Association (ATMIA)</a>, as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were close to 3.5 million ATMs installed worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the use of ATMs is gradually declining with the increase in cashless payment systems.<sup id="cite_ref-decline1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decline1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of out-of-hours cash distribution was first put into practice in Japan, the United Kingdom and Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, Armenian-American inventor <a href="/wiki/Luther_Simjian" title="Luther Simjian">Luther Simjian</a> invented an automated deposit machine (accepting coins, cash and cheques) although it did not have cash dispensing features.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His US patent was first filed on 30 June 1960 and granted on 26 February 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roll-out of this machine, called Bankograph, was delayed by a couple of years, due in part to Simjian's Reflectone Electronics Inc. being acquired by Universal Match Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An experimental Bankograph was installed in New York City in 1961 by the <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">City Bank of New York</a>, but removed after six months due to the lack of customer acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962 Adrian Ashfield invented the idea of a card system to securely identify a user and control and monitor the dispensing of goods or services. This was granted UK Patent 959,713 in June 1964 and assigned to Kins Developments Limited.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invention">Invention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Invention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Japanese device called the "Computer Loan Machine" supplied cash as a three-month loan at 5% p.a. after inserting a credit card. The device was operational in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, little is known about the device.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RegVarneyATM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/RegVarneyATM.jpg/220px-RegVarneyATM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/RegVarneyATM.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Actor <a href="/wiki/Reg_Varney" title="Reg Varney">Reg Varney</a> using the world's first cash machine at <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank,_Enfield" title="Barclays Bank, Enfield">Barclays Bank, Enfield</a>, north London on 27 June 1967</figcaption></figure><p> A cash machine was put into use by <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank,_Enfield" title="Barclays Bank, Enfield">Barclays Bank, Enfield</a>, north London in the United Kingdom, on 27 June 1967, which is recognized as the world's first ATM.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This machine was inaugurated by English actor <a href="/wiki/Reg_Varney" title="Reg Varney">Reg Varney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This invention is credited to the engineering team led by <a href="/wiki/John_Shepherd-Barron" title="John Shepherd-Barron">John Shepherd-Barron</a> of printing firm <a href="/wiki/De_La_Rue" title="De La Rue">De La Rue</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-milligan_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milligan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">OBE</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2005_New_Year_Honours" title="2005 New Year Honours">2005 New Year Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Networld_Media_Group_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Networld_Media_Group-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transactions were initiated by inserting paper cheques issued by a teller or cashier, marked with <a href="/wiki/Carbon-14" title="Carbon-14">carbon-14</a> for machine readability and security, which in a later model were matched with a four-digit <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">personal identification number</a> (PIN).<sup id="cite_ref-milligan_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milligan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shepherd-Barron stated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"It struck me there must be a way I could get my own money, anywhere in the world or the UK. I hit upon the idea of a chocolate bar dispenser, but replacing chocolate with cash."<sup id="cite_ref-milligan_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milligan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atmplaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Atmplaque.jpg/170px-Atmplaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Atmplaque.jpg/255px-Atmplaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Atmplaque.jpg/340px-Atmplaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> on the Enfield Barclays commemorating the world's first cash machine</figcaption></figure> <p>The Barclays–De La Rue machine (called De La Rue Automatic Cash System or DACS)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beat the <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Sweden" title="List of banks in Sweden">Swedish saving banks</a>' and a company called Metior's machine (a device called Bankomat) by a mere nine days and British <a href="/wiki/National_Westminster_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="National Westminster Bank">Westminster Bank's</a> <a href="/wiki/Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smith Industries</a> <a href="/wiki/Chubb_Locks" title="Chubb Locks">Chubb</a> system (called Chubb MD2) by a month.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The online version of the Swedish machine is listed to have been operational on 6 May 1968, while claiming to be the first online ATM in the world, ahead of similar claims by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Bank</a> in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/OKI_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="OKI (company)">Oki</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collaboration of a small start-up called Speytec and <a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a> developed a fourth machine which was marketed after 1969 in Europe and the US by the <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs Corporation</a>. The patent for this device (GB1329964) was filed in September 1969 (and granted in 1973) by John David Edwards, Leonard Perkins, John Henry Donald, Peter Lee Chappell, Sean Benjamin Newcombe, and Malcom David Roe. Both the DACS and MD2 accepted only a single-use token or voucher which was retained by the machine, while the Speytec worked with a card with a magnetic stripe at the back. They used principles including <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">Carbon-14</a> and low-coercivity <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetism</a> in order to make fraud more difficult. </p><p>The idea of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">PIN</a> stored on the card was developed by a group of engineers working at <a href="/wiki/Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smiths Group</a> on the Chubb MD2 in 1965 and which has been credited to <a href="/wiki/James_Goodfellow" title="James Goodfellow">James Goodfellow</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (patent GB1197183 filed on 2 May 1966 with Anthony Davies). The essence of this system was that it enabled the verification of the customer with the debited account without human intervention. This patent is also the earliest instance of a complete "currency dispenser system" in the patent record. This patent was filed on 5 March 1968 in the US (US 3543904) and granted on 1 December 1970. It had a profound influence on the industry as a whole. Not only did future entrants into the cash dispenser market such as <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> licence Goodfellow's PIN system, but a number of later patents reference this patent as "Prior Art Device".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propagation">Propagation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devices designed by British (i.e. Chubb, De La Rue) and Swedish (i.e. Asea Meteor) manufacturers quickly spread out. For example, given its link with <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a> deployed a DACS in 1968 under the 'Scotcash' brand.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Customers were given personal code numbers to activate the machines, similar to the modern PIN. They were also supplied with £10 vouchers. These were fed into the machine, and the corresponding amount debited from the customer's account. </p><p>A Chubb-made ATM appeared in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> in 1969. This was the first ATM installed in Australia. The machine only dispensed $25 at a time and the bank card itself would be mailed to the user after the bank had processed the withdrawal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/220px--ABC_ATMs.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="194" data-mwtitle="ABC_ATMs.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:ABC_ATMs.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AABC_ATMs.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>1969 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> news report on the introduction of ATMs in <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, Australia">Sydney, Australia</a>. People could only receive <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">AUS $</a>25 at a time and the bank card was sent back to the user at a later date. This was a Chubb machine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Asea Metior's Bancomat was the first ATM installed in Spain on 9 January 1969, in central <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> by <a href="/wiki/Banesto" title="Banesto">Banesto</a>. This device dispensed 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">peseta</a> bills (1 to 5 max). Each user had to introduce a security personal key using a combination of the ten numeric buttons.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March of the same year an ad with the instructions to use the Bancomat was published in the same newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, the first ATM was installed in the 50,000-people university city of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> on May 27, 1968, by Kreissparkasse Tübingen. It was built by <a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a>-based safe builder Ostertag AG in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/AEG-Telefunken" class="mw-redirect" title="AEG-Telefunken">AEG-Telefunken</a>. Each of the 1,000 selected users were given a double-bit key to open the safe with "Geldausgabe" written on it, a plastic identification card, and ten <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punched cards</a>. One punch card functioned as a withdrawal slip for a 100 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a> bill, the maximum limit for daily use was 400 DM.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Docutel_in_the_United_States">Docutel in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Docutel in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATM_750x1300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ATM_750x1300.jpg/220px-ATM_750x1300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ATM_750x1300.jpg/330px-ATM_750x1300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ATM_750x1300.jpg/440px-ATM_750x1300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a> Personas 75-Series interior, multi-function ATM in the United States</figcaption></figure> <p>After looking firsthand at the experiences in Europe, in 1968 the ATM was pioneered in the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wetzel" title="Donald Wetzel">Donald Wetzel</a>, who was a department head at a company called Docutel.<sup id="cite_ref-Networld_Media_Group_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Networld_Media_Group-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Docutel was a subsidiary of Recognition Equipment Inc of <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, which was producing optical scanning equipment and had instructed Docutel to explore automated baggage handling and automated gasoline pumps.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 September 1969, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Bank" title="Chemical Bank">Chemical Bank</a> installed a prototype ATM in the U.S. at its branch in <a href="/wiki/Rockville_Centre,_New_York" title="Rockville Centre, New York">Rockville Centre, New York</a>. The first ATMs were designed to dispense a fixed amount of cash when a user inserted a specially coded card.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemical's ATM, initially known as a Docuteller was designed by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wetzel" title="Donald Wetzel">Donald Wetzel</a> and his company Docutel. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines. Additionally, executives were concerned that customers would resist having machines handling their money.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_National_Museum_of_American_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian National Museum of American History">Smithsonian National Museum of American History</a> recognised Docutel and Wetzel as the inventors of the networked ATM.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To show confidence in Docutel, Chemical installed the first four production machines in a marketing test that proved they worked reliably, customers would use them and even pay a fee for usage. Based on this, banks around the country began to experiment with ATM installations. </p><p>By 1974, Docutel had acquired 70 percent of the U.S. market; but as a result of the early 1970s worldwide recession and its reliance on a single product line, Docutel lost its independence and was forced to merge with the U.S. subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Wetzel was granted <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3761682.PN.&OS=PN/3761682&RS=PN/3761682">U.S. Patent # 3,761,682</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905225829/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3761682.PN.&OS=PN/3761682&RS=PN/3761682">Archived</a> 5 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; the application had been filed in October 1971. However, the U.S. patent record cites at least three previous applications from Docutel, all relevant to the development of the ATM and where Wetzel does not figure, namely <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3662343.PN.&OS=PN/3662343&RS=PN/3662343">US Patent # 3,662,343</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905230255/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3662343.PN.&OS=PN/3662343&RS=PN/3662343">Archived</a> 5 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3651976.PN.&OS=PN/3651976&RS=PN/3651976">U.S. Patent # 3651976</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905184032/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3651976.PN.&OS=PN/3651976&RS=PN/3651976">Archived</a> 5 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=368569.PN.&OS=PN/368569&RS=PN/368569">U.S. Patent # 3,68,569</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905183830/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=368569.PN.&OS=PN/368569&RS=PN/368569">Archived</a> 5 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. These patents are all credited to Kenneth S. Goldstein, MR Karecki, TR Barnes, GR Chastian and John D. White. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank,_NYC_-_2008.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif/lossy-page1-220px-A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif/lossy-page1-330px-A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif/lossy-page1-440px-A_person_uses_an_ATM_at_Chase_Bank%2C_NYC_-_2008.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8482" data-file-height="5873" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase Bank</a> ATM in 2008</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_advances">Further advances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further advances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1971, <a href="/wiki/Busicom" title="Busicom">Busicom</a> began to manufacture ATMs based on the first commercial <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">Intel 4004</a>. Busicom manufactured these microprocessor-based automated teller machines for several buyers, with <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR Corporation</a> as the main customer.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Atalla">Mohamed Atalla</a> invented the first <a href="/wiki/Hardware_security_module" title="Hardware security module">hardware security module</a> (HSM),<sup id="cite_ref-Stiennon_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiennon-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dubbed the "Atalla Box", a security system which encrypted <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">PIN</a> and ATM messages, and protected offline devices with an un-guessable PIN-generating key.<sup id="cite_ref-Lazo_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1972, Atalla filed <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3938091">U.S. patent 3,938,091</a></span> for his PIN verification system, which included an encoded <a href="/wiki/Card_reader" title="Card reader">card reader</a> and described a system that utilized <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a> techniques to assure telephone link security while entering personal ID information that was transmitted to a remote location for verification.<sup id="cite_ref-nist_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He founded <a href="/wiki/Atalla_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Atalla Corporation">Atalla Corporation</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Utimaco_Atalla" title="Utimaco Atalla">Utimaco Atalla</a>) in 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commercially launched the "Atalla Box" in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Lazo_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product was released as the Identikey. It was a card reader and <a href="/wiki/Identity_verification_service" title="Identity verification service">customer identification system</a>, providing a terminal with <a href="/wiki/Plastic_card" title="Plastic card">plastic card</a> and PIN capabilities. The Identikey system consisted of a card reader console, two customer <a href="/wiki/PIN_pad" title="PIN pad">PIN pads</a>, intelligent controller and built-in electronic interface package.<sup id="cite_ref-Computerworld1978_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Computerworld1978-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The device consisted of two <a href="/wiki/Keypads" class="mw-redirect" title="Keypads">keypads</a>, one for the customer and one for the teller. It allowed the customer to type in a secret code, which is transformed by the device, using a microprocessor, into another code for the teller.<sup id="cite_ref-Computerworld1976_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Computerworld1976-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">transaction</a>, the customer's <a href="/wiki/Bank_card_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank card number">account number was read by the card reader</a>. This process replaced manual entry and avoided possible key stroke errors. It allowed users to replace traditional customer verification methods such as signature verification and test questions with a secure PIN system.<sup id="cite_ref-Computerworld1978_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Computerworld1978-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the "Atalla Box" led to the wide adoption of hardware security modules in ATMs.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its PIN verification process was similar to the later <a href="/wiki/IBM_3624" title="IBM 3624">IBM 3624</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atalla's HSM products protect 250<span class="nowrap"> </span>million <a href="/wiki/Card_Transaction_Data" title="Card Transaction Data">card transactions</a> every day as of 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-Langford_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langford-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and secure the majority of the world's ATM transactions as of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Stiennon_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiennon-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IBM 2984 was a modern ATM and came into use at Lloyds Bank, High Street, Brentwood, Essex, the UK in December 1972. The IBM 2984 was designed at the request of <a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyds Bank (historic)">Lloyds Bank</a>. The 2984 Cash Issuing Terminal was a true ATM, similar in function to today's machines and named Cashpoint by Lloyds Bank. Cashpoint is still a <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">registered trademark</a> of Lloyds Banking Group in the UK but is often used as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks" title="List of generic and genericized trademarks">generic trademark</a> to refer to ATMs of all UK banks. All were online and issued a variable amount which was immediately deducted from the account. A small number of 2984s were supplied to a U.S. bank. A couple of well known historical models of ATMs include the <a href="/wiki/Atalla_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Atalla Corporation">Atalla Box</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lazo_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM 3614, <a href="/wiki/IBM_3624" title="IBM 3624">IBM 3624</a> and 473x series, <a href="/wiki/Diebold_10xx" title="Diebold 10xx">Diebold 10xx</a> and TABS 9000 series, NCR 1780 and earlier NCR 770 series. </p><p>The first switching system to enable shared automated teller machines between banks went into production operation on 3 February 1979, in Denver, Colorado, in an effort by Colorado National Bank of Denver and Kranzley and Company of Cherry Hill, New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, a new ATM at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a> allowed customers to withdraw cash up to £130 without a card by inputting a six-digit code requested through their smartphones.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NBP,_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg/220px-NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg/330px-NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg/440px-NBP%2C_World%27s_Highest_ATM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>The world's highest ATM at the <a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit Baltistan">Gilgit Baltistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> by <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Pakistan" title="National Bank of Pakistan">NBP</a>, which is located at the height of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) above sea level<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoboken,_N.J.,_Nov._3,_2012_--_Bank_of_America_and_other_banks_have_set_up_mobile_ATMs_for_survivors_of_Hurricane_Sandy_get_cash_to_spend_at_stores_that_are_open_for_cash_customers._-_DPLA_-_def08f331beecb7cc3210f2c013d1a7a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hoboken%2C_N.J.%2C_Nov._3%2C_2012_--_Bank_of_America_and_other_banks_have_set_up_mobile_ATMs_for_survivors_of_Hurricane_Sandy_get_cash_to_spend_at_stores_that_are_open_for_cash_customers._-_DPLA_-_def08f331beecb7cc3210f2c013d1a7a.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hoboken%2C_N.J.%2C_Nov._3%2C_2012_--_Bank_of_America_and_other_banks_have_set_up_mobile_ATMs_for_survivors_of_Hurricane_Sandy_get_cash_to_spend_at_stores_that_are_open_for_cash_customers._-_DPLA_-_def08f331beecb7cc3210f2c013d1a7a.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hoboken%2C_N.J.%2C_Nov._3%2C_2012_--_Bank_of_America_and_other_banks_have_set_up_mobile_ATMs_for_survivors_of_Hurricane_Sandy_get_cash_to_spend_at_stores_that_are_open_for_cash_customers._-_DPLA_-_def08f331beecb7cc3210f2c013d1a7a.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="4706" /></a><figcaption>Mobile ATM after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ATMs can be placed at any location but are most often placed near or inside <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shopping_center" title="Shopping center">shopping centers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railway stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">metro stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">gas stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, and other locations. ATMs are also found on <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> and on some <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> ships, where sailors can draw out their pay.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ATMs may be on- and off-premises. On-premises ATMs are typically more advanced, multi-function machines that complement a bank branch's capabilities, and are thus more expensive. Off-premises machines are deployed by financial institutions where there is a simple need for cash, so they are generally cheaper single-function devices. <a href="/wiki/Independent_ATM_deployer" title="Independent ATM deployer">Independent ATM deployers</a> unaffiliated with banks install and maintain <a href="/wiki/White-label_ATM" class="mw-redirect" title="White-label ATM">white-label ATMs</a>. </p><p>In the US, Canada and some <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf countries</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> banks may have <a href="/wiki/Drive-thru" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-thru">drive-thru</a> lanes providing access to ATMs using an automobile. </p><p>In recent times, countries like India and some countries in Africa are installing solar-powered ATMs in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-nanoATM_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanoATM-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The world's highest ATM is located at the <a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Installed at an elevation of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) by the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Pakistan" title="National Bank of Pakistan">National Bank of Pakistan</a>, it is designed to work in temperatures as low as -40-degree Celsius.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_networks">Financial networks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Financial networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/ATM" title="Special:EditPage/ATM">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ATM%22">"ATM"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ATM%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22ATM%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ATM%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ATM%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ATM%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geldautomaat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geldautomaat.jpg/220px-Geldautomaat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geldautomaat.jpg/330px-Geldautomaat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Geldautomaat.jpg/440px-Geldautomaat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An ATM in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logos</a> of a number of <a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">interbank networks</a> to which it is connected are shown. The <a href="/wiki/PIN_(debit_card)" title="PIN (debit card)">PIN</a> card logo is not displayed, although this system was in use here at the time.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most ATMs are connected to <a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">interbank networks</a>, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their accounts or in the countries where their accounts are held (enabling cash withdrawals in local currency). Some examples of interbank networks include <a href="/wiki/NYCE" title="NYCE">NYCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(interbank_network)" title="Pulse (interbank network)">PULSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plus_(interbank_network)" title="Plus (interbank network)">PLUS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_(interbank_network)" title="Cirrus (interbank network)">Cirrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/AFFN" class="mw-redirect" title="AFFN">AFFN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interac" title="Interac">Interac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interswitch, <a href="/wiki/STAR_(interbank_network)" title="STAR (interbank network)">STAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/LINK_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="LINK (UK)">LINK</a>, <a href="/wiki/MegaLink" title="MegaLink">MegaLink</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BancNet" title="BancNet">BancNet</a>. </p><p>ATMs rely on the authorization of a <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">financial transaction</a> by the card issuer or other authorizing institution on a communications network. This is often performed through an <a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">ISO 8583</a> messaging system. </p><p>Many banks charge <a href="/wiki/ATM_usage_fees" title="ATM usage fees">ATM usage fees</a>. In some cases, these fees are charged solely to users who are not customers of the bank that operates the ATM; in other cases, they apply to all users. </p><p>In order to allow a more diverse range of devices to attach to their networks, some interbank networks have passed rules expanding the definition of an ATM to be a terminal that either has the vault within its footprint or utilises the vault or cash drawer within the merchant establishment, which allows for the use of a <a href="/wiki/Scrip_cash_dispenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrip cash dispenser">scrip cash dispenser</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg/170px-Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg/255px-Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg/340px-Diebold_1063_ATM_with_modem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diebold_1063&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diebold 1063 (page does not exist)">Diebold 1063ix</a> with a dial-up modem visible at the base</figcaption></figure> <p>ATMs typically connect directly to their host or <a href="/wiki/ATMC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMC">ATM Controller</a> on either <a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> or dial-up <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> over a <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> line or directly on a leased line. Leased lines are preferable to <a href="/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">plain old telephone service</a> (POTS) lines because they require less time to establish a connection. Less-trafficked machines will usually rely on a dial-up modem on a POTS line rather than using a leased line, since a leased line may be comparatively more expensive to operate compared to a POTS line. That dilemma may be solved as high-speed Internet <a href="/wiki/VPN" class="mw-redirect" title="VPN">VPN</a> connections become more ubiquitous. Common lower-level layer communication protocols used by ATMs to communicate back to the bank include <a href="/wiki/Systems_Network_Architecture" title="Systems Network Architecture">SNA</a> over <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Data_Link_Control" title="Synchronous Data Link Control">SDLC</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">multidrop protocol</a> over <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_communication" title="Asynchronous communication">Async</a>, <a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> over <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>. </p><p>In addition to methods employed for transaction security and secrecy, all communications traffic between the ATM and the Transaction Processor may also be encrypted using methods such as <a href="/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Sockets Layer">SSL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_use">Global use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Global use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Automated_teller_machines_(ATMs),_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg/220px-Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg/440px-Automated_teller_machines_%28ATMs%29%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults (2017)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg/220px-HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg/330px-HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg/440px-HSBC_Express_Banking_in_Shatin_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>HSBC Express Banking ATM in, <a href="/wiki/Shatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatin">Shatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg/220px-ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg/330px-ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg/440px-ATM_machines_in_Siam_Paragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Assortment of ATMs in <a href="/wiki/Siam_Paragon" title="Siam Paragon">Siam Paragon</a> shopping centre, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are no hard international or government-compiled numbers totaling the complete number of ATMs in use worldwide. Estimates as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> developed by <a href="/wiki/ATMIA" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMIA">ATMIA</a> placed the number of ATMs in use at 3 million units, or approximately 1 ATM per 3,000 people in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To simplify the analysis of ATM usage around the world, financial institutions generally divide the world into seven regions, based on the penetration rates, usage statistics, and features deployed. Four regions (USA, Canada, Europe, and Japan) have high numbers of ATMs per million people.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the large number of ATMs, there is additional demand for machines in the Asia/Pacific area as well as in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> may have the highest density of ATMs at 254 ATMs per 100,000 adults.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the uptake of <a href="/wiki/Cashless_society" title="Cashless society">cashless payment solutions</a> in the late 2010s, ATM numbers and usage started to decline. This happened first in developed countries at a time when ATM number were still increasing in Asia and Africa. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there had been a global decline in the number of ATMs in use, with the average dropping to 39 per 100,000 adults from a peak of 41 per 100,000 adults in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-decline1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decline1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atm_blockdiagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atm_blockdiagram.png/170px-Atm_blockdiagram.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atm_blockdiagram.png/255px-Atm_blockdiagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atm_blockdiagram.png/340px-Atm_blockdiagram.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>A block diagram of an ATM</figcaption></figure> <p>An ATM is typically made up of the following devices: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> (to control the user interface and transaction devices)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chip_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip card">chip card</a> reader (to identify the customer)</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/PIN_pad" title="PIN pad">PIN pad</a> for accepting and encrypting <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">personal identification number</a> EPP4 (similar in layout to a <a href="/wiki/Touch_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch tone">touch tone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a> keypad), manufactured as part of a secure enclosure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_cryptoprocessor" title="Secure cryptoprocessor">Secure cryptoprocessor</a>, generally within a secure enclosure</li> <li>Display (used by the customer for performing the transaction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">Function key</a> buttons (usually close to the display) or a <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> (used to select the various aspects of the transaction)</li> <li>Record printer (to provide the customer with a record of the transaction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_vault" title="Bank vault">Vault</a> (to store the parts of the machinery requiring restricted access)</li> <li>Housing (for <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> and to attach signage to)</li> <li>Sensors and indicators</li></ul> <p>Due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>–like architectures, ATMs have moved away from custom hardware architectures using <a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">microcontrollers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit" title="Application-specific integrated circuit">application-specific integrated circuits</a> and have adopted the hardware architecture of a personal computer, such as USB connections for peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications, and use personal computer operating systems. </p><p>Business owners often lease ATMs from service providers. However, based on the economies of scale, the price of equipment has dropped to the point where many business owners are simply paying for ATMs using a credit card. </p><p>New ADA voice and text-to-speech guidelines imposed in 2010, but required by March 2012<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have forced many ATM owners to either upgrade non-compliant machines or dispose them if they are not upgradable, and purchase new compliant equipment. This has created an avenue for hackers and thieves to obtain ATM hardware at junkyards from improperly disposed decommissioned machines.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg/170px-Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg/255px-Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg/340px-Two_Loomis_Employees_Refilling_an_ATM_at_the_Downtown_Seattle_REI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/Loomis_(company)" title="Loomis (company)">Loomis</a> employees refilling an ATM at the Downtown <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> <a href="/wiki/Recreational_Equipment,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Equipment, Inc.">REI</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The vault of an ATM is within the footprint of the device itself and is where items of value are kept. <a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">Scrip</a> cash dispensers, which print a receipt or scrip instead of cash, do not incorporate a vault. </p><p>Mechanisms found inside the vault may include: </p> <ul><li>Dispensing mechanism (to provide <a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">cash</a> or other items of value)</li> <li>Deposit mechanism including a cheque processing module and bulk note acceptor (to allow the customer to make deposits)</li> <li>Security sensors (magnetic, thermal, seismic, gas)</li> <li>Locks (to control access to the contents of the vault)</li> <li>Journaling systems; many are electronic (a sealed flash memory device based on in-house standards) or a solid-state device (an actual printer) which accrues all records of activity including access timestamps, number of notes dispensed, etc. This is considered sensitive data and is secured in similar fashion to the cash as it is a similar liability.</li></ul> <p>ATM vaults are supplied by manufacturers in several grades. Factors influencing vault grade selection include cost, weight, regulatory requirements, ATM type, operator risk avoidance practices and internal volume requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industry standard vault configurations include <a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a> UL-291 "Business Hours" and Level 1 Safes,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RAL TL-30 derivatives,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and CEN EN 1143-1 - CEN III and CEN IV.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ATM manufacturers recommend that a vault be attached to the floor to prevent theft,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though there is a record of a theft conducted by tunnelling into an ATM floor.<sup id="cite_ref-tunnel_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tunnel-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point,_3_August_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg/220px-Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg/330px-Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg/440px-Windows_XP_sighted_%27in_the_wild%27_on_a_cash_point%2C_3_August_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Although Microsoft discontinued support for the operating system in 2014, a significant number of ATMs as of 2020 still use versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_XP" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, as seen with this machine at a branch of <a href="/wiki/Tesco_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesco Express">Tesco Express</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>, Berkshire.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the migration to commodity Personal Computer hardware, standard commercial "off-the-shelf" operating systems and programming environments can be used inside of ATMs. Typical platforms previously used in ATM development include <a href="/wiki/RMX_(operating_system)" title="RMX (operating system)">RMX</a> or <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. </p><p>Today, the vast majority of ATMs worldwide use <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. In early 2014, 95% of ATMs were running Windows XP.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small number of deployments may still be running older versions of the Windows OS, such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, even though Microsoft still supports only <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a>. </p><p>There is a computer industry security view that general public desktop operating systems have greater risks as operating systems for cash dispensing machines than other types of operating systems like (secure) <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time operating systems</a> (RTOS). <a href="/wiki/RISKS_Digest" title="RISKS Digest">RISKS Digest</a> has many articles about ATM operating system vulnerabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> is also finding some reception in the ATM marketplace. An example of this is <a href="/wiki/Banrisul" title="Banrisul">Banrisul</a>, the largest bank in the south of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, which has replaced the <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> operating systems in its ATMs with Linux. <a href="/wiki/Banco_do_Brasil" title="Banco do Brasil">Banco do Brasil</a> is also migrating ATMs to Linux. Indian-based <a href="/wiki/Vortex_Engineering" title="Vortex Engineering">Vortex Engineering</a> is manufacturing ATMs that operate only with Linux. Common application layer transaction protocols, such as <a href="/wiki/Diebold" class="mw-redirect" title="Diebold">Diebold</a> 91x (911 or 912) and <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR NDC or NDC+</a> provide <a href="/wiki/Hardware_emulation" title="Hardware emulation">emulation</a> of older generations of hardware on newer platforms with incremental extensions made over time to address new capabilities, although companies like NCR continuously improve these protocols issuing newer versions (e.g. NCR's AANDC v3.x.y, where x.y are subversions). Most major ATM manufacturers provide software packages that implement these protocols. Newer protocols such as IFX have yet to find wide acceptance by transaction processors.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the move to a more standardised software base, financial institutions have been increasingly interested in the ability to pick and choose the application programs that drive their equipment. <a href="/wiki/WOSA/XFS" class="mw-redirect" title="WOSA/XFS">WOSA/XFS</a>, now known as <a href="/wiki/CEN/XFS" title="CEN/XFS">CEN XFS (or simply XFS)</a>, provides a common <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> for accessing and manipulating the various devices of an ATM. <a href="/wiki/J/XFS" class="mw-redirect" title="J/XFS">J/XFS</a> is a Java implementation of the CEN XFS API. </p><p>While the perceived benefit of XFS is similar to the Java's "<a href="/wiki/Write_once,_run_anywhere" title="Write once, run anywhere">write once, run anywhere</a>" mantra, often different ATM hardware vendors have different interpretations of the XFS standard. The result of these differences in interpretation means that ATM applications typically use a <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> to even out the differences among various platforms. </p><p>With the onset of Windows operating systems and XFS on ATMs, the software applications have the ability to become more intelligent. This has created a new breed of ATM applications commonly referred to as programmable applications. These types of applications allows for an entirely new host of applications in which the ATM terminal can do more than only communicate with the ATM switch. It is now empowered to connected to other content servers and <a href="/wiki/Video_banking" title="Video banking">video banking</a> systems. </p><p>Notable ATM software that operates on XFS platforms include Triton PRISM, <a href="/wiki/Diebold" class="mw-redirect" title="Diebold">Diebold</a> Agilis EmPower, <a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR APTRA Edge</a>, Absolute Systems AbsoluteINTERACT, <a href="/wiki/KAL_(Korala_Associates_Limited)" class="mw-redirect" title="KAL (Korala Associates Limited)">KAL Kalignite Software Platform</a>, Phoenix Interactive VISTAatm, <a href="/wiki/Wincor_Nixdorf" title="Wincor Nixdorf">Wincor Nixdorf ProTopas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euronet_Worldwide" title="Euronet Worldwide">Euronet</a> EFTS and Intertech inter-ATM. </p><p>With the move of ATMs to industry-standard computing environments, concern has risen about the integrity of the ATM's software stack.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_labor">Impact on labor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Impact on labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of tellers in the United States increased from approximately 300,000 in 1970 to approximately 600,000 in 2010. A contributing factor may have been the introduction of automated teller machines. ATMs allow a branch to operate with fewer tellers, making it more economical for banks to open more branches, necessitating more tellers to staff those additional branches. Further automation and online banking, however, may reverse this increase resulting in a trend toward fewer bank teller positions.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Security_of_automated_teller_machines" title="Security of automated teller machines">Security of automated teller machines</a></div> <p>ATM <a href="/wiki/Security" title="Security">security</a> has several dimensions. ATMs also provide a practical demonstration of a number of security systems and concepts operating together and how various security concerns are addressed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical">Physical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Physical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Procash_stolen_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Procash_stolen_1.jpg/170px-Procash_stolen_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Procash_stolen_1.jpg/255px-Procash_stolen_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Procash_stolen_1.jpg/340px-Procash_stolen_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Wincor_Nixdorf" title="Wincor Nixdorf">Wincor Nixdorf</a> Procash 2100xe Frontload that was opened with an <a href="/wiki/Angle_grinder" title="Angle grinder">angle grinder</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Early ATM security focused on making the terminals invulnerable to physical attack; they were effectively safes with dispenser mechanisms. A number of attacks resulted, with thieves attempting to steal entire machines by <a href="/wiki/Ram-raiding" title="Ram-raiding">ram-raiding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late 1990s, criminal groups operating in Japan improved ram-raiding by stealing and using a truck loaded with heavy construction machinery to effectively demolish or uproot an entire ATM and any housing to steal its cash. </p><p>Another attack method, <i><a href="/wiki/ATM_blow_up" class="mw-redirect" title="ATM blow up">plofkraak</a></i> (a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> term), is to seal all openings of the ATM with <a href="/wiki/Silicone" title="Silicone">silicone</a> and fill the vault with a combustible gas or to place an explosive inside, attached, or near the machine. This gas or explosive is ignited and the vault is opened or distorted by the force of the resulting explosion and the criminals can break in.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ATM bombings began in the Netherlands, but as the nation reduced the number of machines in the country from 20000 to 5000 and discouraged cash use, the mostly <a href="/wiki/Moroccan-Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan-Dutch">Moroccan-Dutch</a> gangs expert in the attacks moved elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-matussek20240809_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matussek20240809-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such theft has also occurred in Belgium, France, Denmark, Germany, Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When anti-gas explosion prevention devices and reinforced ATMs were installed, criminals began using <a href="/wiki/Leaf_blowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf blowers">leaf blowers</a> to remove smoke, and more powerful solid explosives. Despite German banks spending more than €300 million on additional security, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Police_Office_(Germany)" title="Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)">Federal Criminal Police Office</a> estimated that as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 60% of attacks on ATMs in the country succeeded.<sup id="cite_ref-matussek20240809_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matussek20240809-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several attacks in the UK (at least one of which was successful) have involved digging a concealed tunnel under the ATM and cutting through the reinforced base to remove the money.<sup id="cite_ref-tunnel_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tunnel-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern ATM physical security, per other modern money-handling security, concentrates on denying the use of the money inside the machine to a thief, by using different types of <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_banknote_neutralisation_system" title="Intelligent banknote neutralisation system">Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems</a>. </p><p>A common method is to simply rob the staff filling the machine with money. To avoid this, the schedule for filling them is kept secret, varying and random. The money is often kept in cassettes, which will dye the money if incorrectly opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transactional_secrecy_and_integrity">Transactional secrecy and integrity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transactional secrecy and integrity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The security of ATM transactions relies mostly on the integrity of the secure <a href="/wiki/Cryptoprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptoprocessor">cryptoprocessor</a>: the ATM often uses general commodity components that sometimes are not considered to be "<a href="/wiki/Trusted_system" title="Trusted system">trusted systems</a>". </p><p>Encryption of personal information, required by law in many jurisdictions, is used to prevent fraud. Sensitive data in ATM transactions are usually <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encrypted</a> with <a href="/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard" title="Data Encryption Standard">DES</a>, but transaction processors now usually require the use of <a href="/wiki/Triple_DES" title="Triple DES">Triple DES</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="3DES itself is highly outdated by now. (March 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Remote Key Loading techniques may be used to ensure the secrecy of the initialisation of the encryption keys in the ATM. <a href="/wiki/Message_Authentication_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Message Authentication Code">Message Authentication Code</a> (MAC) or <a href="/wiki/Partial_MAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial MAC">Partial MAC</a> may also be used to ensure messages have not been tampered with while in transit between the ATM and the financial network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customer_identity_integrity">Customer identity integrity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Customer identity integrity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg/220px-Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg/330px-Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg/440px-Japanese_ATM_Palm_Scanner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/The_Bank_of_Tokyo-Mitsubishi_UFJ" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ">BTMU</a> ATM with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_scanner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palm scanner (page does not exist)">palm scanner</a> (to the right of the screen)</figcaption></figure> <p>There have also been a number of incidents of fraud by <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">man-in-the-middle attacks</a>, where criminals have attached fake keypads or card readers to existing machines. These have then been used to record customers' PINs and bank card information in order to gain unauthorised access to their accounts. Various ATM manufacturers have put in place countermeasures to protect the equipment they manufacture from these threats.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternative methods to verify cardholder identities have been tested and deployed in some countries, such as finger and palm vein patterns,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iris_recognition" title="Iris recognition">iris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">facial recognition</a> technologies. Cheaper mass-produced equipment has been developed and is being installed in machines globally that detect the presence of foreign objects on the front of ATMs, current tests have shown 99% detection success for all types of <a href="/wiki/Skimming_(credit_card_fraud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skimming (credit card fraud)">skimming</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Device_operation_integrity">Device operation integrity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Device operation integrity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Worn_ATM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Worn_ATM.jpg/170px-Worn_ATM.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Worn_ATM.jpg/255px-Worn_ATM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Worn_ATM.jpg/340px-Worn_ATM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>ATMs that are exposed to the outside must be vandal- and weather-resistant.</figcaption></figure> <p>Openings on the customer side of ATMs are often covered by mechanical shutters to prevent tampering with the mechanisms when they are not in use. Alarm sensors are placed inside ATMs and their servicing areas to alert their operators when doors have been opened by unauthorised personnel. </p><p>To protect against hackers, ATMs have a built-in firewall. Once the firewall has detected malicious attempts to break into the machine remotely, the firewall locks down the machine. </p><p>Rules are usually set by the government or ATM operating body that dictate what happens when integrity systems fail. Depending on the jurisdiction, a bank may or may not be liable when an attempt is made to dispense a customer's money from an ATM and the money either gets outside of the ATM's vault, or was exposed in a non-secure fashion, or they are unable to determine the state of the money after a failed transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Customers often commented that it is difficult to recover money lost in this way, but this is often complicated by the policies regarding suspicious activities typical of the criminal element.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customer_security">Customer security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Customer security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg/220px-ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg/330px-ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg/440px-ATMs_In_A_Van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Dunbar armored personnel watching over ATMs that have been installed in a <a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">van</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg/200px-PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg/300px-PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg/400px-PNB_Bank_on_wheels1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3244" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Bank" title="Philippine National Bank">Philippine National Bank</a>-ATM on wheels</figcaption></figure> <p>In some countries, multiple <a href="/wiki/Security_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Security camera">security cameras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guards</a> are a common feature.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a> Comptroller's Office has advised the New York State Department of Banking to have more thorough safety inspections of ATMs in high crime areas.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consultants of ATM operators assert that the issue of customer security should have more focus by the banking industry;<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been suggested that efforts are now more concentrated on the preventive measure of deterrent legislation than on the problem of ongoing forced withdrawals.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least as far back as 30 July 1986, consultants of the industry have advised for the adoption of an emergency PIN system for ATMs, where the user is able to send a <a href="/wiki/Panic_alarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic alarm">silent alarm</a> in response to a threat.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislative efforts to require an emergency PIN system have appeared in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but none has succeeded yet. In January 2009, Senate Bill 1355 was proposed in the Illinois Senate that revisits the issue of the reverse emergency PIN system.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill is again supported by the police and opposed by the banking lobby.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, three towns outside Cleveland, Ohio, in response to an ATM crime wave, adopted legislation requiring that an <a href="/wiki/Emergency_telephone_number" title="Emergency telephone number">emergency telephone number</a> switch be installed at all outdoor ATMs within their jurisdiction. In the wake of a homicide in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, the city council passed an ATM security bill as well. </p><p>In China and elsewhere, many efforts to promote security have been made. On-premises ATMs are often located inside the bank's lobby, which may be accessible 24 hours a day. These lobbies have extensive security camera coverage, a courtesy telephone for consulting with the bank staff, and a security guard on the premises. Bank lobbies that are not guarded 24 hours a day may also have secure doors that can only be opened from outside by swiping the bank card against a wall-mounted scanner, allowing the bank to identify which card enters the building. Most ATMs will also display on-screen safety warnings and may also be fitted with convex mirrors above the display allowing the user to see what is happening behind them. </p><p>As of 2013, the only claim available about the extent of ATM-connected homicides is that they range from 500 to 1,000 per year in the US, covering only cases where the victim had an ATM card and the card was used by the killer after the known time of death.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jackpotting">Jackpotting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jackpotting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <em>jackpotting</em> is used to describe one method criminals utilize to steal money from an ATM. The thieves gain physical access through a small hole drilled in the machine. They disconnect the existing hard drive and connect an external drive using an industrial endoscope. They then depress an internal button that reboots the device so that it is now under the control of the external drive. They can then have the ATM dispense all of its cash.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encryption">Encryption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Encryption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years, many ATMs also encrypt the hard disk. This means that actually creating the software for <a href="/wiki/Jackpotting" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackpotting">jackpotting</a> is more difficult, and provides more security for the ATM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg/220px-Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg/330px-Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg/440px-Dual_currency_cash_machines_in_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Two NCR Personas 84 ATMs at a <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">bank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> dispensing two types of <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> banknotes: <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_note_issues" title="Bank of England note issues">Bank of England</a> on the left, and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_pound" title="Jersey pound">States of Jersey</a> on the right</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg/220px-Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg/330px-Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg/440px-Gold-vending_ATM_in_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Gold vending ATM in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ATMs were originally developed as cash dispensers, and have evolved to provide many other bank-related functions: </p> <ul><li>Paying routine bills, fees, and taxes (utilities, phone bills, social security, legal fees, income taxes, etc.)</li> <li>Printing or ordering <a href="/wiki/Bank_statement" title="Bank statement">bank statements</a></li> <li>Updating <a href="/wiki/Passbook" title="Passbook">passbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_advance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash advance">Cash advances</a></li> <li>Cheque Processing Module</li> <li>Paying (in full or partially) the credit balance on a card linked to a specific <a href="/wiki/Current_account_(banking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Current account (banking)">current account</a>.</li> <li>Transferring money between linked accounts (such as transferring between accounts)</li> <li>Deposit currency recognition, acceptance, and recycling<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In some countries, especially those which benefit from a fully integrated cross-bank network (e.g.: <a href="/wiki/Multibanco" title="Multibanco">Multibanco</a> in Portugal), ATMs include many functions that are not directly related to the management of one's own bank account, such as: </p> <ul><li>Loading monetary value into <a href="/wiki/Stored-value_card" title="Stored-value card">stored-value cards</a></li> <li>Adding pre-paid <a href="/wiki/Cell_phone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> credit.</li> <li>Purchasing <ul><li>Concert tickets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottery" title="Lottery">Lottery</a> tickets</li> <li>Movie tickets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">Postage stamps</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport#Ticket_systems" title="Public transport">Train tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">Shopping mall</a> <a href="/wiki/Gift_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gift certificate">gift certificates</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Donating to charities<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Increasingly, banks are seeking to use the ATM as a sales device to deliver pre approved loans and targeted advertising using products such as ITM (the Intelligent Teller Machine) from Aptra Relate from NCR.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ATMs can also act as an advertising channel for other companies.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>* </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATM_with_various_function.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ATM_with_various_function.JPG/220px-ATM_with_various_function.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ATM_with_various_function.JPG/330px-ATM_with_various_function.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ATM_with_various_function.JPG/440px-ATM_with_various_function.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> ATM with mobile bank port and <a href="/wiki/Bar_code_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar code reader">bar code reader</a></figcaption></figure> <p>However, several different ATM technologies have not yet reached worldwide acceptance, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a> with human tellers, known as video tellers<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a>, where authorization of transactions is based on the scanning of a customer's fingerprint, iris, face, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cheque/cash Acceptance, where the machine accepts and recognises cheques and/or currency without using envelopes<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expected to grow in importance in the US through <a href="/wiki/Check_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Check 21">Check 21</a> legislation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Bar code scanning</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On-demand printing of "items of value" (such as movie tickets, <a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_cheque" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveler's cheque">traveler's cheques</a>, etc.)</li> <li>Dispensing additional media (such as phone cards)</li> <li>Co-ordination of ATMs with mobile phones<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Integration with non-banking equipment<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Games and promotional features<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">CRM</a> through the ATM</li></ul> <p>Videoconferencing teller machines are currently referred to as Interactive Teller Machines. Benton Smith writes in the Idaho Business Review, "The software that allows interactive teller machines to function was created by a Salt Lake City-based company called uGenius, a producer of video banking software. NCR, a leading manufacturer of ATMs, acquired uGenius in 2013 and married its own ATM hardware with uGenius' video software."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pharmacy dispensing units<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reliability">Reliability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reliability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg/220px-DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg/330px-DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg/440px-DeLaRue_ATM_Crash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>An ATM running <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> that has <a href="/wiki/Blue_screen_of_death" title="Blue screen of death">crashed</a> due to a peripheral component failure</figcaption></figure> <p>Before an ATM is placed in a public place, it typically has undergone extensive testing with both <a href="/wiki/Test_Money" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Money">test money</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Front_and_back_ends" class="mw-redirect" title="Front and back ends">backend</a> computer systems that allow it to perform transactions. Banking customers also have come to expect high reliability in their ATMs,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provides incentives to ATM providers to minimise machine and network failures. Financial consequences of incorrect machine operation also provide high degrees of incentive to minimise malfunctions.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ATMs and the supporting electronic financial networks are generally very reliable, with industry benchmarks typically producing 98.25% customer availability for ATMs<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and up to 99.999% availability for host systems that manage the networks of ATMs. If ATM networks do go out of service, customers could be left without the ability to make transactions until the beginning of their bank's next time of opening hours. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png/220px-NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png/330px-NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png/440px-NCR_Interactive_Teller_Machine.png 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>A NCR Interactive Teller Machine running uGenius software</figcaption></figure> <p>This said, not all errors are to the detriment of customers; there have been cases of machines giving out money without debiting the account, or giving out higher value notes as a result of incorrect <a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">denomination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknote</a> being loaded in the money cassettes.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of receiving too much money may be influenced by the card holder agreement in place between the customer and the bank.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Errors that can occur may be <a href="/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">mechanical</a> (such as card transport mechanisms; keypads; <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk failure">hard disk failures</a>; envelope deposit mechanisms); <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>; <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">device driver</a>; <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application</a>); <a href="/wiki/Information_transfer" title="Information transfer">communications</a>; or purely down to operator error. </p><p>To aid in reliability, some ATMs print each transaction to a roll-paper journal that is stored inside the ATM, which allows its users and the related financial institutions to settle things based on the records in the journal in case there is a dispute. In some cases, transactions are posted to an electronic journal to remove the cost of supplying journal paper to the ATM and for more convenient searching of data. </p><p>Improper money checking can cause the possibility of a customer receiving <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> banknotes from an ATM. While bank personnel are generally trained better at spotting and removing counterfeit cash,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the resulting ATM money supplies used by banks provide no guarantee for proper banknotes, as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Police_Office_(Germany)" title="Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)">Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany</a> has confirmed that there are regularly incidents of false banknotes having been dispensed through ATMs.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some ATMs may be stocked and wholly owned by outside companies, which can further complicate this problem. <a href="/wiki/Bill_validator" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill validator">Bill validation</a> technology can be used by ATM providers to help ensure the authenticity of the cash before it is stocked in the machine; those with cash recycling capabilities include this capability.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, whenever a transaction fails with an ATM due to network or technical issues and if the amount does not get dispensed in spite of the account being debited then the banks are supposed to return the debited amount to the customer within seven working days from the day of receipt of a complaint. Banks are also liable to pay the late fees in case of delay in repayment of funds post seven days.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fraud">Fraud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg/220px-ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg/330px-ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg/440px-ATM_lineup_on_ground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>ATM lineup</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg/220px-Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg/330px-Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg/440px-Tamper_warning_on_ATM_in_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Some ATMs may display warning messages to customers to be vigilant of possible <a href="/wiki/Tampering_(crime)" title="Tampering (crime)">tampering</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg/220px-10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg/330px-10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg/440px-10_euro_notes_from_an_ATM_robbery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2622" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/10_euro_note" title="10 euro note">10 euro notes</a> from an ATM robbery made unusable with <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_banknote_neutralisation_system" title="Intelligent banknote neutralisation system">red dye</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As with any device containing objects of value, ATMs and the systems they depend on to function are the targets of fraud. Fraud against ATMs and people's attempts to use them takes several forms. </p><p>The first known instance of a fake ATM was installed at a shopping mall in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Connecticut" title="Manchester, Connecticut">Manchester, Connecticut</a>, in 1993. By modifying the inner workings of a <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> model 7020 ATM, a criminal gang known as the Bucklands Boys stole information from cards inserted into the machine by customers.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/WAVY-TV" title="WAVY-TV">WAVY-TV</a> reported an incident in Virginia Beach in September 2006 where a hacker, who had probably obtained a factory-default administrator password for a filling station's white-label ATM, caused the unit to assume it was loaded with US$5 bills instead of $20s, enabling himself—and many subsequent customers—to walk away with four times the money withdrawn from their accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of scam was featured on the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Hustle" title="The Real Hustle">The Real Hustle</a></i>. </p><p>ATM behaviour can change during what is called "stand-in" time, where the bank's cash dispensing network is unable to access databases that contain account information (possibly for database maintenance). In order to give customers access to cash, customers may be allowed to withdraw cash up to a certain amount that may be less than their usual daily withdrawal limit, but may still exceed the amount of available money in their accounts, which could result in fraud if the customers intentionally withdraw more money than they had in their accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Card_fraud">Card fraud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Card fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an attempt to prevent criminals from <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_surfing_(computer_security)" title="Shoulder surfing (computer security)">shoulder surfing</a> the customer's <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">personal identification number</a> (PIN), some banks draw privacy areas on the floor. </p><p>For a low-tech form of fraud, the easiest is to simply steal a customer's card along with its PIN. A later variant of this approach is to trap the card inside of the ATM's card reader with a device often referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_loop" title="Lebanese loop">Lebanese loop</a>. When the customer gets frustrated by not getting the card back and walks away from the machine, the criminal is able to remove the card and withdraw cash from the customer's account, using the card and its PIN. </p><p>This type of fraud has spread globally. Although somewhat replaced in terms of volume by skimming incidents, a re-emergence of card trapping has been noticed in regions such as Europe, where EMV chip and PIN cards have increased in circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another simple form of fraud involves attempting to get the customer's bank to issue a new card and its PIN and stealing them from their mail.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, a newer high-tech method of operating, sometimes called <b>card skimming</b> or <b>card cloning</b>, involves the installation of a magnetic card reader over the real ATM's card slot and the use of a wireless surveillance camera or a modified digital camera or a false PIN keypad to observe the user's PIN. Card data is then cloned into a duplicate card and the criminal attempts a standard cash withdrawal. The availability of low-cost commodity wireless cameras, keypads, card readers, and card writers has made it a relatively simple form of fraud, with comparatively low risk to the fraudsters.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an attempt to stop these practices, countermeasures against card cloning have been developed by the banking industry, in particular by the use of <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart cards</a> which cannot easily be copied or spoofed by unauthenticated devices, and by attempting to make the outside of their ATMs <a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper-evident">tamper evident</a>. Older chip-card security systems include the French <a href="/wiki/Carte_Bleue" title="Carte Bleue">Carte Bleue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Cash" title="Visa Cash">Visa Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mondex" title="Mondex">Mondex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_from_American_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue from American Express">Blue from American Express</a><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/EMV_96" class="mw-redirect" title="EMV 96">EMV '96 or EMV 3.11</a>. The most actively developed form of smart card security in the industry today is known as <a href="/wiki/EMV_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="EMV 2000">EMV 2000 or EMV 4.x</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/EMV" title="EMV">EMV</a> is widely used in the UK (<a href="/wiki/Chip_and_PIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip and PIN">Chip and PIN</a>) and other parts of Europe, but when it is not available in a specific area, ATMs must fall back to using the easy–to–copy magnetic stripe to perform transactions. This fallback behaviour can be exploited.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the fallback option has been removed on the ATMs of some UK banks, meaning if the chip is not read, the transaction will be declined. </p><p>Card cloning and <a href="/wiki/Skimming_(credit_card_fraud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skimming (credit card fraud)">skimming</a> can be detected by the implementation of magnetic card reader heads and firmware that can read a signature embedded in all magnetic stripes during the card production process. This signature, known as a "MagnePrint" or "BluPrint", can be used in conjunction with common two-factor authentication schemes used in ATM, debit/retail point-of-sale and prepaid card applications. </p><p>The concept and various methods of copying the contents of an ATM card's magnetic stripe onto a duplicate card to access other people's financial information were well known in the hacking communities by late 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Andrew Stone, a computer security consultant from Hampshire in the UK, was convicted of stealing more than £1 million by pointing high-definition video cameras at ATMs from a considerable distance and recording the card numbers, expiry dates, etc. from the embossed detail on the ATM cards along with video footage of the PINs being entered. After getting all the information from the videotapes, he was able to produce clone cards which not only allowed him to withdraw the full daily limit for each account, but also allowed him to sidestep withdrawal limits by using multiple copied cards. In court, it was shown that he could withdraw as much as £10,000 per hour by using this method. Stone was sentenced to five years and six months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_devices">Related devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Related devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_Noun_project_39956.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/120px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/180px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/240px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="59" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of banks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advising_bank" title="Advising bank">Advising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banq_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banq (term)">Banq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulge_bracket" title="Bulge bracket">Bulge bracket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_development_bank" title="Community development bank">Community development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">Credit union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">Custodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_bank" title="Depository bank">Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_finance_institution" title="Development finance institution">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_bank" title="Direct bank">Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_credit_agency" title="Export credit agency">Export credit agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_loan_company" title="Industrial loan company">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulge_Bracket#Middle_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulge Bracket">Middle market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_center_bank" title="Money center bank">Money center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_savings_bank" title="Mutual savings bank">Mutual savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobank" title="Neobank">Neobank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">Offshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_banking" title="Participation banking">Participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payments_bank" title="Payments bank">Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_savings_system" title="Postal savings system">Postal savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_bank" title="Private bank">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bank" title="Public bank">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_bank" title="Savings bank">Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_association" title="Savings and loan association">Savings and loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_bank" title="Universal bank">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesale_banking" title="Wholesale banking">Wholesale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_holding_company" title="Bank holding company">Bank holding company</a></li></ul> <i><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banks" title="Lists of banks">Lists of banks</a></i></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank_account" title="Bank account">Accounts</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bank_card" title="Bank card">Cards</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> Accounts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market_account" title="Money market account">Money-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_account" title="Savings account">Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_deposit" title="Time deposit">Time deposit (Bond)</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Transaction_account" title="Transaction account">Transaction (checking / current)</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> Cards</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATM_card" title="ATM card">ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">Debit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card#Prepaid_cards" title="Credit card">Prepaid</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Funds transfer</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card" title="Payment card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Electronic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bill_payment" title="Electronic bill payment">Bill payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_transfer" title="Wire transfer">Wire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_gross_settlement" title="Real-time gross settlement">RTGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_settlement" title="Net settlement">NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_clearing_house" title="Automated clearing house">ACH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_payment" title="Instant payment">Instant payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giro_(banking)" title="Giro (banking)">Giro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondent_account" title="Correspondent account">Correspondent account</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLS_Group#Operations" title="CLS Group">CLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Border_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Cross-Border Interbank Payment System">CIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPFS" title="SPFS">SPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_PAY" title="BRICS PAY">BRICS PAY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Asset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_allocation" title="Asset allocation">allocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_and_liability_management" title="Asset and liability management">management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_debt" title="Bad debt">Bad debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Bank regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">Bank secrecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_appreciation" title="Capital appreciation">Asset growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">Capital asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversification_(finance)" title="Diversification (finance)">Diversification (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_expansion" title="Economic expansion">Economic expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_value" title="Enterprise value">Enterprise value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_risk_management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analysis" title="Financial analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analyst" title="Financial analyst">analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_economics" title="Financial economics">economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_engineering" title="Financial engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_forecast" title="Financial forecast">forecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_plan" title="Financial plan">plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-reserve_banking" title="Full-reserve banking">Full-reserve banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_investing" title="Growth investing">Growth investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_advisory" title="Investment advisory">Investment advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">Investment management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Islamic banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_finance" title="Mathematical finance">Mathematical finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_creation" title="Money creation">Money creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">Private banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Sustainable finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_finance" title="Statistical finance">Statistical finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_financial_management" title="Strategic financial management">Strategic financial management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_test_(financial)" title="Stress test (financial)">Stress test (financial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_product" title="Structured product">Structured product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_asset" title="Toxic asset">Toxic asset</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_pricing" title="Asset pricing">Asset pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bond (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_capital" title="Cost of capital">Cost of capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Equity (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_traded_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange traded fund">Exchange traded fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_participants" title="Financial market participants">participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk" title="Financial risk">risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system" title="Financial system">system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking" title="History of banking">History of banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_(alphabetical)" title="List of banks (alphabetical)">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">Market risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Security (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">Shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development_goals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable development goals">Sustainable development goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_risk" title="Systematic risk">Systematic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_risk" title="Systemic risk">Systemic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_value_of_money" title="Time value of money">Time value of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_big_to_fail" title="Too big to fail">Too big to fail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_connected_to_fail" title="Too connected to fail">Too connected to fail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watered_stock" title="Watered stock">Watered stock</a></li></ul> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ol></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking" title="Category:Banking">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Banking">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Banking">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Banking" title="Template:Banking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Banking" title="Template talk:Banking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Talking_ATM" title="Talking ATM">talking ATM</a> is a type of ATM that provides audible instructions so that people who cannot read a screen can independently use the machine, therefore effectively eliminating the need for assistance from an external, potentially malevolent source. All audible information is delivered privately through a standard <a href="/wiki/Headphone_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Headphone jack">headphone jack</a> on the face of the machine. Alternatively, some banks such as the <a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedbank" title="Swedbank">Swedbank</a> use a built-in external speaker which may be invoked by pressing the talk button on the keypad.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information is delivered to the customer either through pre-recorded <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a> files or via text-to-speech <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a>. </p><p>A postal <a href="/wiki/Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">interactive kiosk</a> may share many components of an ATM (including a vault), but it only dispenses items related to postage.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>scrip cash dispenser</b> or <b>cashless ATM</b> may have many components in common with an ATM, but it lacks the ability to dispense physical cash and consequently requires no vault. Instead, the customer requests a withdrawal transaction from the machine, which prints a receipt or <a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">scrip</a>. The customer then takes this receipt to a nearby sales clerk, who then exchanges it for cash from the till.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Teller_assist_unit" title="Teller assist unit">teller assist unit</a> (TAU) is distinct in that it is designed to be operated solely by trained personnel and not by the general public, does integrate directly into interbank networks, and usually is controlled by a computer that is not directly integrated into the overall construction of the unit. </p><p>A Web ATM is an online interface for ATM card banking that uses a <a href="/wiki/Card_reader#Smart_card_readers" title="Card reader">smart card reader</a>. All the usual ATM functions are available, except for withdrawing cash. Most banks in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> provide these online services.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATMIA" class="mw-redirect" title="ATMIA">ATM Industry Association (ATMIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_cash_handling" title="Automated cash handling">Automated cash handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknote counter">Banknote counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_ATM" title="Bitcoin ATM">Bitcoin ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">Cash register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Electronic funds transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_cryptography" title="Financial cryptography">Financial cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_management" title="Key management">Key management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payroll" title="Payroll">Payroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_withdrawal" title="Phantom withdrawal">Phantom withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAS_syndrome" title="RAS syndrome">RAS syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Self service">Self service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_system" title="Teller system">Teller system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and Economics">Business and Economics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/19px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/29px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/38px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/19px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/29px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/38px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/automatic%20teller%20machine"><i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i></a>. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812213416/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/automatic%20teller%20machine">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.place=Springfield%2C+MA&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fautomatic%2520teller%2520machine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/FNSRTS307A">"FNSRTS307A - Maintain Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) services"</a>. <i>training.gov.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070931/https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/FNSRTS307A">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=training.gov.au&rft.atitle=FNSRTS307A+-+Maintain+Automatic+Teller+Machine+%28ATM%29+services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraining.gov.au%2FTraining%2FDetails%2FFNSRTS307A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/automatic-teller-machine">Cambridge Dictionary <i>Automatic Teller Machine</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090534/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/automatic-teller-machine">Archived</a> 7 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interac.ca/en/faq/faq/136-what-is-interac-cash-2.html">"Interac FAQ"</a>. Interac Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interac+FAQ&rft.pub=Interac+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interac.ca%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Ffaq%2F136-what-is-interac-cash-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/0,,316,00.html">"Automated Banking Machine (ABM)"</a>. <i>Scotiabank</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126090440/https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/personal/bank-your-way/other-ways-to-bank/automated-banking-machines.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotiabank&rft.atitle=Automated+Banking+Machine+%28ABM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotiabank.com%2Fca%2Fen%2F0%2C%2C316%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinancial_Consumer_Agency_of_Canada2018" class="citation web cs1">Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (8 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/financial-consumer-agency/services/banking/atm-fees.html">"ATM fees"</a>. <i>Canada.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729081344/https://www.canada.ca/en/financial-consumer-agency/services/banking/atm-fees.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canada.ca&rft.atitle=ATM+fees&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft.au=Financial+Consumer+Agency+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Ffinancial-consumer-agency%2Fservices%2Fbanking%2Fatm-fees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibc.com/en/personal-banking/ways-to-bank/atm-and-branch-network.html">"ATM and Banking Centre Network"</a>. <i>CIBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729081348/https://www.cibc.com/en/personal-banking/ways-to-bank/atm-and-branch-network.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIBC&rft.atitle=ATM+and+Banking+Centre+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibc.com%2Fen%2Fpersonal-banking%2Fways-to-bank%2Fatm-and-branch-network.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdcanadatrust.com/products-services/banking/electronic-banking/ATM.jsp">"TD Green Machine ATM Machines"</a>. <i>TD Canada Trust</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719034214/https://www.td.com/ca/en/personal-banking/solutions/ways-to-bank/?tdtab=branch-atm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TD+Canada+Trust&rft.atitle=TD+Green+Machine+ATM+Machines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdcanadatrust.com%2Fproducts-services%2Fbanking%2Felectronic-banking%2FATM.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cash%20machine"><i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i></a>. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109113711/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cash%20machine">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.place=Springfield%2C+MA&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcash%2520machine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cashpoint">"Cashpoint dictionary definition"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Cashpoint+dictionary+definition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcashpoint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=cash+machine%2Ccashpoint%2Catm&year_start=2000&year_end=2022&corpus=en-GB&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true">"Ngram Viewer comparing 3 terms, 2000-2022, UK corpus"</a>. <i>Ngram Viewer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=ATM+inventor+honoured&rft.date=2004-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fscotland%2F4135269.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Networld_Media_Group-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Networld_Media_Group_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Networld_Media_Group_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperBatiz-Lazo2013" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Tom; Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2013). <i>Cash Box: The Invention and Globalization of the ATM</i>. 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The Economic and Business History Society, 2014.: <span class="nowrap">100–</span>137. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184815/http://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/journal/article/view/274">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Essays+in+Economic+%26+Business+History&rft.atitle=The+origins+of+the+cashless+society%3A+cash+dispensers%2C+direct+to+account+payments+and+the+development+of+on-line+real-time+networks%2C+c.+1965%E2%80%931985&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.au=B.+Batiz-Lazo%2C+T.+Karlsson+and+B.+Thodenius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebhsoc.org%2Fjournal%2Findex.php%2Fjournal%2Farticle%2Fview%2F274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/heritage/AT-20P.html">"Automated Teller Terminal AT-20P"</a>. <i>IPSJ Computer Museum</i>. <a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">Information Processing Society of Japan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781602393660" title="Special:BookSources/9781602393660"><bdi>9781602393660</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225211738/http://books.google.com/books?id=XZMrIchANY4C&pg=PA266">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1969%3A+The+Year+Everything+Changed&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781602393660&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZMrIchANY4C%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BtEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA84"><i>Popular Mechanics - Google Books</i></a>. Hearst Magazines. December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225214202/http://books.google.com/books?id=BtEDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA84&pg=PA84">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Mechanics+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=Hearst+Magazines&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBtEDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/wetzel.htm">"Interview with Mr. Don Wetzel"</a>. Americanhistory.si.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220214346/http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/wetzel.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Mr.+Don+Wetzel&rft.pub=Americanhistory.si.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanhistory.si.edu%2Fcollections%2Fcomphist%2Fwetzel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm">"Automatic teller machine"</a>. <i>The History of Computing Project</i>. Thocp.net. 17 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220215034/http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+Computing+Project&rft.atitle=Automatic+teller+machine&rft.date=2006-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thocp.net%2Fhardware%2Fatm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/from-the-archives/2022/03/06/the-rise-and-fall-of-docutel-the-dallas-area-company-that-created-the-first-atms/">"The rise and fall of Docutel, the Dallas-area company that created the first ATMs"</a>. <i>Dallas News</i>. 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dallas+News&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Docutel%2C+the+Dallas-area+company+that+created+the+first+ATMs&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fnews%2Ffrom-the-archives%2F2022%2F03%2F06%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-docutel-the-dallas-area-company-that-created-the-first-atms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAspray1997" class="citation journal cs1">Aspray, W. (1997). "The Intel 4004 microprocessor: what constituted invention?". <i>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</i>. <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F85.601727">10.1109/85.601727</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-6180">1058-6180</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15782735">15782735</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Annals+of+the+History+of+Computing&rft.atitle=The+Intel+4004+microprocessor%3A+what+constituted+invention%3F&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15782735%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1058-6180&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F85.601727&rft.aulast=Aspray&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stiennon-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stiennon_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stiennon_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiennon2014" class="citation web cs1">Stiennon, Richard (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://securitycurrent.com/key-management-a-fast-growing-space/">"Key Management a Fast Growing Space"</a>. <i>SecurityCurrent</i>. IT-Harvest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SecurityCurrent&rft.atitle=Key+Management+a+Fast+Growing+Space&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft.aulast=Stiennon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecuritycurrent.com%2Fkey-management-a-fast-growing-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lazo-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lazo_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lazo_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lazo_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBátiz-Lazo2018" class="citation book cs1">Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWhiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA284"><i>Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 284 & 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191085574" title="Special:BookSources/9780191085574"><bdi>9780191085574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cash+and+Dash%3A+How+ATMs+and+Computers+Changed+Banking&rft.pages=284+%26+311&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780191085574&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1tiz-Lazo&rft.aufirst=Bernardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWhiDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nist-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nist_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830020822/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/05/09/report01-2.pdf">"The Economic Impacts of NIST's Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. October 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/05/09/report01-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Impacts+of+NIST%27s+Data+Encryption+Standard+%28DES%29+Program&rft.date=2001-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F2017%2F05%2F09%2Freport01-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langford-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Langford_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2013" class="citation web cs1">Langford, Susan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h41382.www4.hpe.com/gfs-shared/20140318153228.pdf">"ATM Cash-out Attacks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821033406/https://h41382.www4.hpe.com/gfs-shared/20140318153228.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hewlett+Packard+Enterprise&rft.atitle=ATM+Cash-out+Attacks&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fh41382.www4.hpe.com%2Fgfs-shared%2F20140318153228.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Computerworld1978-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Computerworld1978_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Computerworld1978_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fB-Te8d5hO8C&pg=PA49">"ID System Designed as NCR 270 Upgrade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <b>12</b> (7). IDG Enterprise: 49. 13 February 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=ID+System+Designed+as+NCR+270+Upgrade&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1978-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfB-Te8d5hO8C%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Computerworld1976-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Computerworld1976_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3u9H-xL4sZAC&pg=PA3">"Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <b>10</b> (4). IDG Enterprise: 3. 26 January 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Four+Products+for+On-Line+Transactions+Unveiled&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1976-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3u9H-xL4sZAC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBátiz-Lazo2018" class="citation book cs1">Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWhiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA311"><i>Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191085574" title="Special:BookSources/9780191085574"><bdi>9780191085574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cash+and+Dash%3A+How+ATMs+and+Computers+Changed+Banking&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780191085574&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1tiz-Lazo&rft.aufirst=Bernardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWhiDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonheim2016" class="citation journal cs1">Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722030759/https://slideheaven.com/automated-teller-machines-their-history-and-authentication-protocols.html">"Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols"</a>. <i>Journal of Cryptographic Engineering</i>. <b>6</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13389-015-0104-3">10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2190-8516">2190-8516</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1706990">1706990</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slideheaven.com/automated-teller-machines-their-history-and-authentication-protocols.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cryptographic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Automated+teller+machines%3A+their+history+and+authentication+protocols&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1706990%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2190-8516&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13389-015-0104-3&rft.aulast=Konheim&rft.aufirst=Alan+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslideheaven.com%2Fautomated-teller-machines-their-history-and-authentication-protocols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">personal knowledge of William Patterson who was there supporting the network <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (June 2023)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18409560">"ATMs to operate without a card"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613035141/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18409560">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=ATMs+to+operate+without+a+card&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-18409560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/worlds-highest-atm">"The World's Highest ATM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Obscura" title="Atlas Obscura">Atlas Obscura</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ATMDepot.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308045303/http://www.atmdepot.com/discarding-atms/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Properly+Dispose+of+Decommissioned+ATM&rft.pub=ATMDepot.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmdepot.com%2Fdiscarding-atms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmdepot.com/help.aspx#f4">"ATM ATM Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATM+ATM+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Atmdepot.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmdepot.com%2Fhelp.aspx%23f4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105114749/http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/scopes/scopes.asp?fn=0291.html">"Scope for UL 291"</a>. Ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com. 21 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/scopes/scopes.asp?fn=0291.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scope+for+UL+291&rft.pub=Ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fulstandardsinfonet.ul.com%2Fscopes%2Fscopes.asp%3Ffn%3D0291.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ncr.com/en/products/hardware/hw_atm_p75_ts_product.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061122113838/http://www.ncr.com/en/products/hardware/hw_atm_p75_ts_product.htm">Archived</a> 22 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cenorm.be/catweb/13.310.htm">"Home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cenorm.be%2Fcatweb%2F13.310.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012163647/http://bsonline.bsi-global.com/search/item/1928003">"BSI: Standards, Training, Testing, Assessment & Certification"</a>. Bsonline.bsi-global.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsonline.bsi-global.com/search/item/1928003">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSI%3A+Standards%2C+Training%2C+Testing%2C+Assessment+%26+Certification&rft.pub=Bsonline.bsi-global.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsonline.bsi-global.com%2Fsearch%2Fitem%2F1928003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tritonatm.com/en/service/manuals/07100-00008F%20(9100UsrMan(5.0)).pdf">"Triton Systems | ATM manufacturer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tritonatm.com. 17 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC. 14 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114052858/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16556547">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thieves+dig+100ft+tunnel+to+steal+cash+in+Levenshulme&rft.date=2012-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-manchester-16556547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/20/5326772/windows-xp-powers-95-percent-of-atms-worldwide">"The death of Windows XP will impact 95 percent of the world's ATMs"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204090736/https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/20/5326772/windows-xp-powers-95-percent-of-atms-worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+death+of+Windows+XP+will+impact+95+percent+of+the+world%27s+ATMs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2014%2F1%2F20%2F5326772%2Fwindows-xp-powers-95-percent-of-atms-worldwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727111748/http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/php/risks/search.php?query=cash+machine">"Risks search results for "cash machine"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/php/risks/search.php?query=cash+machine">the original</a> on 27 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Risks+search+results+for+%22cash+machine%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatless.ncl.ac.uk%2Fphp%2Frisks%2Fsearch.php%3Fquery%3Dcash%2Bmachine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329032543/http://www.selfserviceworld.com/article.php?id=1252">"Messaging standard to give multiple channels a common language"</a>. selfserviceworld.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selfserviceworld.com/article.php?id=1252">the original</a> on 29 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Technewsworld.com. 9 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318100752/http://www.technewsworld.com/story/32350.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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It's not that simple"</a>. <i>Recode</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recode&rft.atitle=Eric+Schmidt+said+ATMs+led+to+more+jobs+for+bank+tellers.+It%27s+not+that+simple.&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.au=Tess+Townsend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recode.net%2F2017%2F5%2F8%2F15584268%2Feric-schmidt-alphabet-automation-atm-bank-teller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121090102/http://www.obstructedtechnology.org/tech-news/things-to-keep-in-mind-when-opting-for-free-atm-placements.html">"Things to Keep in Mind when Opting for Free ATM Placements"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obstructedtechnology.org/tech-news/things-to-keep-in-mind-when-opting-for-free-atm-placements.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Things+to+Keep+in+Mind+when+Opting+for+Free+ATM+Placements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obstructedtechnology.org%2Ftech-news%2Fthings-to-keep-in-mind-when-opting-for-free-atm-placements.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ATM-bombings-up-3000-20080712">"ATM bombings up 3000%"</a>. <i>News24</i>. 12 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114174333/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ATM-bombings-up-3000-20080712">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rice, Organised Crime Civilian Response. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121231232/http://www.skepticfiles.org/hacker/phrack32.htm">"Phrack Classic Volume Three, Issue 32, File #1 of XX Phrack Classic Newsletter Issue XXXII"</a>. Skepticfiles.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticfiles.org/hacker/phrack32.htm">the original</a> on 21 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Itnow.oxfordjournals.org. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcombul%2F38.6.17">10.1093/combul/38.6.17</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itnow.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/6/17">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Zidbits. 25 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zidbits.com/2011/01/25/why-is-there-braille-on-drive-up-atm-machines/">the original</a> on 29 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usps.com/communications/news/press/2004/pr04_098.htm">the original</a> on 3 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postal+Service+Mailing+Kiosks+Now+in+Every+State&rft.pub=Usps.com&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usps.com%2Fcommunications%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2004%2Fpr04_098.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2005" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Bill (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413211117/http://www.lunewsviews.com/apc.htm">"Automated Postal Centers"</a>. <i>www.postalreporter.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lunewsviews.com/apc.htm">the original</a> on 13 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.postalreporter.com&rft.atitle=Automated+Postal+Centers&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunewsviews.com%2Fapc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atmscrip.com/what_is_scrip.html">"About Script ATMs: How Do Cashless ATMs Work? - What is Scrip, or Cashless ATMs?"</a>. Atmscrip.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324150807/http://www.atmscrip.com/what_is_scrip.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Script+ATMs%3A+How+Do+Cashless+ATMs+Work%3F+-+What+is+Scrip%2C+or+Cashless+ATMs%3F&rft.pub=Atmscrip.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atmscrip.com%2Fwhat_is_scrip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://netbank.megabank.com.tw/natm/">"Megabank WebATM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319155928/https://netbank.megabank.com.tw/natm/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Megabank+WebATM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetbank.megabank.com.tw%2Fnatm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webatm.post.gov.tw/postatm/index1.jsp">"Post Office Bank WebATM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150409144215/https://webatm.post.gov.tw/postatm/index1.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post+Office+Bank+WebATM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebatm.post.gov.tw%2Fpostatm%2Findex1.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AATM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ali, Peter Ifeanyichukwu. "Impact of automated teller machine on banking services delivery in Nigeria: a stakeholder analysis." <i>Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology and Society</i> 9.1 (2016): 64–72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brajets.com/index.php/brajets/article/download/251/160">online</a></li> <li>Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. <i>Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking</i> (Oxford University Press, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/?s=cash+and+dash">online review</a></li> <li>Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo. "Emergence and evolution of ATM networks in the UK, 1967–2000." <i>Business History</i> 51.1 (2009): 1-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812191633/https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/8163/1/ATM_v7_wtables.pdf">online</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li>Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo, and Gustavo del Angel. <i>The Dawn of the Plastic Jungle: The Introduction of the Credit Card in Europe and North America, 1950-1975</i> (Hoover Institution, 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/hoo/wpaper/16107.html">abstract</a></li> <li>Bessen, J. <i>Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth</i> (Yale UP, 2015)</li> <li>Hota, Jyotiranjan, Saboohi Nasim, and Sasmita Mishra. "Drivers and Barriers to Adoption of Multivendor ATM Technology in India: Synthesis of Three Empirical Studies." <i>Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies</i> 9.1 (2018): 89–102. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190211183232/http://www.tmgejournal.com/pdfs/vol9-no1/Drivers-and-Barriers-of-Adoption.pdf">online</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li>McDysan, David E., and Darren L. Spohn. <i>ATM theory and applications</i> (McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998).</li> <li>Mkpojiogu, Emmanuel OC, and A. Asuquo. "The user experience of ATM users in Nigeria: a systematic review of empirical papers." <i>Journal of Research in National Development</i> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcampus.org/JORINDV16JUN2018/14.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518231207/http://transcampus.org/JORINDV16JUN2018/14.pdf">Archived</a> 18 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213045018/https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/wetzel.htm">"Interview with Mr. Don Wetzel, Co-Patente of the Automatic Teller Machine" (1995) online</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automatic_teller_machines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automatic teller machines">Automatic teller machines</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/atm" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/atm">atm</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/07/26/377172/index.htm"><i>The Money Machines</i></a>: an account of US cash machine history; by Ellen Florian, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune magazine">Fortune</a>.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lebanese-economy-forum.com/wdi-gdf-advanced-data-display/?curve=FB-ATM-TOTL-P5">World Map and Chart of Automated Teller Machines per 100,000 Adults</a> by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interbank_networks_by_region217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interbank_networks" title="Template:Interbank networks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interbank_networks" title="Template talk:Interbank networks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interbank_networks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interbank networks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interbank_networks_by_region217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">Interbank networks</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLS_Group" title="CLS Group">CLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_(interbank_network)" title="Cirrus (interbank network)">Cirrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus_(interbank_network)" title="Plus (interbank network)">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123_(interbank_network)" title="123 (interbank network)">123</a> (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicaixa" title="Multicaixa">Multicaixa</a> (Angola)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(Armenia) <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Card" title="Armenian Card">ArCa</a></li> <li>(Bangladesh) <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Electronic_Funds_Transfer_Network" title="Bangladesh Electronic Funds Transfer Network">BEFTN</a></li> <li>(Malaysia) <a href="/wiki/Payments_Network_Malaysia" title="Payments Network Malaysia">PayNet</a></li> <li>(Saudi Arabia) <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Payments_Network" title="Saudi Payments Network">Saudi Payments Network</a></li> <li>(Iran) <a href="/wiki/Shetab_Banking_System" title="Shetab Banking System">Shetab Banking System</a></li> <li>(Bahrain) <a href="/wiki/The_Benefit_Company" title="The Benefit Company">The Benefit Company</a></li> <li>(China) <a href="/wiki/UnionPay" title="UnionPay">UnionPay</a></li> <li>(Israel) <a href="/wiki/Isracard" title="Isracard">Isracard</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1LINK" class="mw-redirect" title="1LINK">1LINK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNET_(interbank_network)" title="MNET (interbank network)">MNET</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTO_(interbank_network)" title="ALTO (interbank network)">ALTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATM_Bersama" title="ATM Bersama">ATM Bersama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Link (Indonesia)">ATM Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRIMA_(Indonesia)" title="PRIMA (Indonesia)">PRIMA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singapore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atm%E2%81%B5" title="Atm⁵">atm<sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZ-Link" title="EZ-Link">EZ-Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAS_Electronic_Payment_System" title="MAS Electronic Payment System">MEPS+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NETS_(company)" title="NETS (company)">NETS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BancNet" title="BancNet">BancNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encash_Network_Service" title="Encash Network Service">ENS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationlink_(interbank_network)" title="Nationlink (interbank network)">Nationlink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hong Kong</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_House_Automated_Transfer_System" title="Clearing House Automated Transfer System">CHATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Payment_Services" title="Electronic Payment Services">EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster_Payment_System" title="Faster Payment System">FPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JETCO" title="JETCO">JETCO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LankaPay" class="mw-redirect" title="LankaPay">LankaPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Sri Lanka Interbank Payment System">SLIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Electronic_Fund_Transfer_Switch" title="Common Electronic Fund Transfer Switch">CEFTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Japan_Card_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="All Japan Card Service (page does not exist)">ACS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:全国カードサービス">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BANCS_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BANCS (Japan) (page does not exist)">BANCS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BANCS" class="extiw" title="ja:BANCS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LONGS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LONGS (page does not exist)">LONGS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/LONGS" class="extiw" title="ja:LONGS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi_Integrated_Cash_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi Integrated Cash Service (page does not exist)">MICS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MICS" class="extiw" title="ja:MICS">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucho" title="Yucho">Yucho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>FIS <a href="/wiki/Banks_ATM_Network_and_Customer_Services" title="Banks ATM Network and Customer Services">BANCS</a></li> <li>Euronet <a href="/wiki/Cashnet" title="Cashnet">Cashnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CashTree" title="CashTree">CashTree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MITR_ATM_Sharing_Network" title="MITR ATM Sharing Network">MITR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Financial_Switch" title="National Financial Switch">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RuPay" title="RuPay">RuPay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Irish_Banks" title="Allied Irish Banks">Allied Irish Banks Banklink</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancomat_(interbank_network)" title="Bancomat (interbank network)">Bancomat</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancontact_Payconiq_Company" title="Bancontact Payconiq Company">Bancontact</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currence" title="Currence">Currence</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girocard" title="Girocard">Girocard</a> (Germany) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankcard-Servicenetz" title="Bankcard-Servicenetz">Bankcard-Servicenetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_Group" title="Cash Group">Cash Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CashPool" title="CashPool">CashPool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupement_des_Cartes_Bancaires_CB" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupement des Cartes Bancaires CB">Carte Bleue</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KoronaPay" class="mw-redirect" title="KoronaPay">KoronaPay</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(payment_system)" title="Mir (payment system)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbercard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sbercard">Sbercard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(British_interbank_network)" title="Link (British interbank network)">Link</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocalink" title="Vocalink">Vocalink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibanco" title="Multibanco">Multibanco</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto." title="Otto.">Otto.</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATM_Network_BH_mre%C5%BEa" title="ATM Network BH mreža">BH Mreža bankomata</a> (Bosnia and Herzegovina)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="International13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eufiserv" title="Eufiserv">Eufiserv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronet_Worldwide" title="Euronet Worldwide">Euronet Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Payments_Initiative" title="European Payments Initiative">European Payments Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Euro_Payments_Area" title="Single Euro Payments Area">Single Euro Payments Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TARGET_Services" title="TARGET Services">TARGET Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acculink" class="mw-redirect" title="Acculink">Acculink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Regional_Network" title="Alberta Regional Network">Alberta Regional Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Financial_Network" title="Armed Forces Financial Network">Armed Forces Financial Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATH_(interbank_network)" title="ATH (interbank network)">ATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CarIFS" title="CarIFS">CarIFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-op_Solutions" title="Co-op Solutions">Co-op Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Discover Network">Discover Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_(interbank_network)" title="Pulse (interbank network)">Pulse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TYME" title="TYME">TYME</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIS_(company)" title="FIS (company)">FIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NYCE" title="NYCE">NYCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUM_(interbank_network)" title="SUM (interbank network)">SUM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiserv" title="Fiserv">fiserv</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accel_(interbank_network)" title="Accel (interbank network)">Accel / The Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoneyPass" title="MoneyPass">MoneyPass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Data" title="First Data">First Data</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STAR_(interbank_network)" title="STAR (interbank network)">STAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_Access_Center" title="Money Access Center">MAC</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interac" title="Interac">Interac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR_Voyix" title="NCR Voyix">NCR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardtronics" title="Cardtronics">Cardtronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allpoint" title="Allpoint">Allpoint</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Visa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interlink_(interbank_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlink (interbank network)">Interlink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publix#Presto!" title="Publix">Presto!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAZAM_(interbank_network)" title="SHAZAM (interbank network)">SHAZAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelle" title="Zelle">Zelle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco24Horas" title="Banco24Horas">Banco24Horas</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banelco" title="Banelco">Banelco</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Toda_Hora" title="A Toda Hora">A Toda Hora</a> (Colombia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banred" title="Banred">Banred</a> (Uruguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalNet" title="GlobalNet">GlobalNet</a> (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbanc" title="Redbanc">Redbanc</a> (Chile)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Interbank_networks" title="Category:Interbank networks">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Credit,_charge_and_debit_cards232" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Credit_cards" title="Template:Credit cards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Credit_cards" title="Template talk:Credit cards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Credit_cards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Credit cards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Credit,_charge_and_debit_cards232" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charge_card" title="Charge card">charge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit cards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debit_Mastercard" title="Debit Mastercard">Debit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_(debit_card)" title="Maestro (debit card)">Maestro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Debit" title="Visa Debit">Debit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Electron" title="Visa Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Cash" title="Visa Cash">Cash</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and<br /> specialty cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Card" title="Armenian Card">ArCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AzeriCard" title="AzeriCard">AzeriCard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altyn_Asyr_(payment_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altyn Asyr (payment system) (page does not exist)">Altyn Asyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancomat_(interbank_network)" title="Bancomat (interbank network)">Bancomat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Card" title="BC Card">BC Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Central_Asia" title="Bank Central Asia">BCA Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabcharge" title="Cabcharge">Cabcharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB_Bank_Card_Group" title="CB Bank Card Group">CB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dankort" title="Dankort">Dankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_Card" title="Discover Card">Discover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diners_Club_International" title="Diners Club International">Diners Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Payment_Services" title="Electronic Payment Services">Electronic Payment Services (EPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elo_(card_association)" title="Elo (card association)">Elo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Payments_Initiative" title="European Payments Initiative">European Payments Initiative (EPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbrugsforeningen" title="Forbrugsforeningen">Forbrugsforeningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girocard" title="Girocard">Girocard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Card" title="Hyundai Card">Hyundai Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isracard" title="Isracard">Isracard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCB_(credit_card_company)" title="JCB (credit card company)">JCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(payment_system)" title="Mir (payment system)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Electronic_Payment_System" title="Malaysian Electronic Payment System">MEPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeza" title="Meeza">Meeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_Electronic_Transfers" class="mw-redirect" title="Network for Electronic Transfers">NETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPak" title="PayPak">PayPak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RuPay" title="RuPay">RuPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_(card_scheme)" title="Troy (card scheme)">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnionPay" title="UnionPay">UnionPay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Air_Travel_Plan" title="Universal Air Travel Plan">UATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Verve Card">Verve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_(credit_card)" title="Access (credit card)">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankcard" title="Bankcard">Bankcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diners_Club_International" title="Diners Club International">Carte Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carte_Bleue" title="Carte Bleue">Carte Bleue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipknip" title="Chipknip">Chipknip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(credit_card)" title="Choice (credit card)">Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnRoute_(credit_card)" title="EnRoute (credit card)">enRoute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocard_(payment_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocard (payment card)">Eurocard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everything_Card" title="The Everything Card">Everything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_(debit_card)" title="Laser (debit card)">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondex" title="Mondex">Mondex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Travel_Card" title="Rail Travel Card">Rail Travel Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Money" title="Revolution Money">Revolution Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_(debit_card)" title="Solo (debit card)">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_(debit_card)" title="Switch (debit card)">Switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIN_(debit_card)" title="PIN (debit card)">PIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(debit_card)" title="Proton (debit card)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Pay" title="V Pay">V Pay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accounts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_number" title="Payment card number">Payment card number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_association" title="Card association">Card association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_balance_transfer" title="Credit card balance transfer">Credit card balance transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_limit" title="Credit limit">Credit limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installment_loan" title="Installment loan">Installment loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolving_account" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolving account">Revolving account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_account" title="Transaction account">Current/checking account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_account" title="Savings account">Savings account</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATM_card" title="ATM card">ATM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATM_usage_fees" title="ATM usage fees">Fees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_debt" title="Credit card debt">Debt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_advance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash advance">Cash advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-off" title="Charge-off">Charge-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt-lag" title="Debt-lag">Debt-lag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_interest" title="Credit card interest">Interest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_period" title="Grace period">Grace period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introductory_rate" title="Introductory rate">Introductory rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_default" title="Universal default">Universal default</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Payment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_not_present_transaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Card not present transaction">Card not present transaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chargeback" title="Chargeback">Chargeback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_payment_number" title="Controlled payment number">Controlled payment number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_(credit_card)" title="Dispute (credit card)">Dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interchange</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_fee" title="Interchange fee">Fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surcharge_(payment_systems)" title="Surcharge (payment systems)">Surcharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_scheme" title="Card scheme">Card scheme</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Interbank_networks18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interbank networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_(interbank_network)" title="Cirrus (interbank network)">Cirrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interac" title="Interac">Interac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_(interbank_network)" title="Pulse (interbank network)">Pulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus_(interbank_network)" title="Plus (interbank network)">Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_security_code" title="Card security code">Card security code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chargeback_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Chargeback fraud">Chargeback fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_fraud" title="Credit card fraud">Credit card fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit card hijacking">Credit card hijacking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">Contactless payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card_imprinter" title="Credit card imprinter">Credit card imprinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMV" title="EMV">EMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_security_module" title="Hardware security module">Hardware security module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">Interbank network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_terminal" title="Payment terminal">Payment terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">Personal identification number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_cryptoprocessor" title="Secure cryptoprocessor">Secure cryptoprocessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">Smart card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issuing_bank" title="Issuing bank">Issuing bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acquiring_bank" title="Acquiring bank">Acquiring bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IBM941" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM" title="Template:IBM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IBM" title="Template talk:IBM"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IBM" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IBM"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IBM941" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM" title="History of IBM">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_IBM" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM">Mergers and acquisitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_the_IBM_PC_business_by_Lenovo" title="Acquisition of the IBM PC business by Lenovo">PC business acquisition by Lenovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_products" title="List of IBM products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe" title="IBM mainframe">Mainframe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Z" title="IBM Z">IBM Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">Power microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_Systems" title="IBM Power Systems">Power Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_storage" title="IBM storage">Storage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_FlashSystem" title="IBM FlashSystem">FlashSystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_DS8000_series" title="IBM DS8000 series">DS8000</a></li></ul></li> <li>Quantum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_One" title="IBM Q System One">Q System One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Q_System_Two" title="IBM Q System Two">Q System Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Eagle" title="IBM Eagle">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Osprey" title="IBM Osprey">Osprey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Heron" title="IBM Heron">Heron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Condor" title="IBM Condor">Condor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(processor)" title="Cell (processor)">Cell microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrange_computer" title="Midrange computer">Midrange computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">Personal Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Selectric" title="IBM Selectric">Selectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Design_System" title="Carbon Design System">Carbon Design System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloudant" title="Cloudant">Cloudant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cognos_Analytics" title="IBM Cognos Analytics">Cognos Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Reduction_Utilising_Statistical_History" title="Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History">Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILOG" title="ILOG">ILOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Information_Management_Software" title="IBM Information Management Software">Information Management Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_IBM_mainframe_operating_systems" title="History of IBM mainframe operating systems">Mainframe operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Mashup_Center" title="IBM Mashup Center">Mashup Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Planning_Analytics" title="IBM Planning Analytics">Planning Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PureQuery" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PureQuery">PureQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Quantum_Platform" title="IBM Quantum Platform">Quantum Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiskit" title="Qiskit">Qiskit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQASM" title="OpenQASM">OpenQASM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Software" title="Rational Software">Rational Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Software" title="Tivoli Software">Tivoli Software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Service_Automation_Manager" title="Tivoli Service Automation Manager">Service Automation Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watson" title="IBM Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watsonx" title="IBM Watsonx">Watsonx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Granite" title="IBM Granite">Granite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_WebSphere" title="IBM WebSphere">WebSphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apptio" title="Apptio">Apptio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Center_for_The_Business_of_Government" title="IBM Center for The Business of Government">Center for The Business of Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Consulting" title="IBM Consulting">Consulting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_Financial_Group" title="Promontory Financial Group">Promontory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenexa" title="Kenexa">Kenexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_subsidiaries_of_IBM" title="List of international subsidiaries of IBM">International subsidiaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_India" title="IBM India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Press" title="IBM Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdStar" title="AdStar">AdStar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambra_Computer_Corporation" title="Ambra Computer Corporation">Ambra Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognos" title="Cognos">Cognos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EduQuest" title="EduQuest">EduQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyndryl" title="Kyndryl">Kyndryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merative" title="Merative">Merative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Microelectronics" title="IBM Microelectronics">Microelectronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Product_Center" title="IBM Product Center">Product Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Research_Associates" title="Science Research Associates">Science Research Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Bureau_Corporation" title="Service Bureau Corporation">Service Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Company" title="The Weather Company">The Weather Company</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground_(weather_service)" title="Weather Underground (weather service)">Weather Underground</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Towers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1250_Ren%C3%A9-L%C3%A9vesque" title="1250 René-Lévesque">1250 René-Lévesque</a>, Montreal, QC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Atlantic_Center" title="One Atlantic Center">One Atlantic Center</a>, Atlanta, GA</li></ul></li> <li>Software Labs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rome_Software_Lab" title="IBM Rome Software Lab">Rome Software Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Toronto_Software_Lab" title="IBM Toronto Software Lab">Toronto Software Lab</a></li></ul></li> <li>IBM Buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/330_North_Wabash" title="330 North Wabash">330 North Wabash</a>, Chicago, IL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Building,_Honolulu" title="IBM Building, Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200_Fifth" title="1200 Fifth">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Facilities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hakozaki_Facility" title="IBM Hakozaki Facility">Hakozaki Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Yamato_Facility" title="IBM Yamato Facility">Yamato Facility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scientific_Center" title="Cambridge Scientific Center">Cambridge Scientific Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Hursley" title="IBM Hursley">IBM Hursley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Canada_Head_Office_Building" title="IBM Canada Head Office Building">Canada Head Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Rochester" title="IBM Rochester">IBM Rochester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Academy of Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Deep_Thunder" title="IBM Deep Thunder">Deep Thunder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Develothon" title="Develothon">Develothon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">Fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM%27s_The_Great_Mind_Challenge" title="IBM's The Great Mind Challenge">The Great Mind Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Technology_Center" title="Linux Technology Center">Linux Technology Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_SkillsBuild" title="IBM SkillsBuild">SkillsBuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarter_Planet" title="Smarter Planet">Smarter Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Virtual_Universe_Community" title="IBM Virtual Universe Community">Virtual Universe Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Community_Grid" title="World Community Grid">World Community Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Think_conference" title="IBM Think conference">Think conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynefin_framework" title="Cynefin framework">Cynefin framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keypunch" title="Keypunch">Electronic keypunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">Relational model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre_(travel_reservation_system)" title="Sabre (travel reservation system)">Sabre airline reservation system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope" title="Scanning tunneling microscope">Scanning tunneling microscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swap_(finance)" title="Swap (finance)">Financial swaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Product_Code" title="Universal Product Code">Universal Product Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Blue">Big Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Processing_Workload" title="Commercial Processing Workload">Commercial Processing Workload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_engineer" title="Customer engineer">Customer engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globally_integrated_enterprise" title="Globally integrated enterprise">Globally integrated enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_business" title="Electronic business">e-business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_(slogan)" title="Think (slogan)">Think slogan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IBM_CEOs" title="List of IBM CEOs">CEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson" title="Thomas J. Watson">Thomas J. Watson</a> (1914–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas Watson Jr.</a> (1956–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Vincent_Learson" title="T. Vincent Learson">T. Vincent Learson</a> (1971–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_T._Cary" title="Frank T. Cary">Frank T. Cary</a> (1973–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Opel" title="John R. Opel">John R. Opel</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fellows_Akers" title="John Fellows Akers">John Fellows Akers</a> (1985–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gerstner" title="Lou Gerstner">Louis V. Gerstner Jr.</a> (1993–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Palmisano" title="Samuel J. Palmisano">Samuel J. Palmisano</a> (2002–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Rometty" title="Ginni Rometty">Ginni Rometty</a> (2012–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a> (since 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buberl" title="Thomas Buberl">Thomas Buberl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farr_(businessman)" title="David Farr (businessman)">David Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Howard" title="Michelle Howard">Michelle J. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Liveris" title="Andrew Liveris">Andrew Liveris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_E._Pollack" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha E. Pollack">Martha E. Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Swedish" title="Joseph R. Swedish">Joseph R. Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Voser" title="Peter Voser">Peter R. Voser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Atom" title="A Boy and His Atom">A Boy and His Atom</a></i></li> <li>Big Blue sports teams <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(X-League)" title="IBM Big Blue (X-League)">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Big_Blue_(rugby_union)" title="IBM Big Blue (rugby union)">Rugby union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">Common Public License</a>/<a href="/wiki/IBM_Public_License" title="IBM Public License">IBM Public License</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallace_v._International_Business_Machines_Corp." title="Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.">Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Thought_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Thought (chess computer)">Deep Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_infrastructure" title="Dynamic infrastructure">Dynamic infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUIDE_International" title="GUIDE International">GUIDE International</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust" title="IBM and the Holocaust">IBM and the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_international_chess_tournament" title="IBM international chess tournament">International chess tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(cipher)" title="Lucifer (cipher)">Lucifer cipher</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathematica:_A_World_of_Numbers..._and_Beyond" title="Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond">Mathematica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Plex" title="IBM Plex">IBM Plex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHARE_(computing)" title="SHARE (computing)">SHARE computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScicomP" title="ScicomP">ScicomP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_and_unions" title="IBM and unions">Unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:IBM" title="Category:IBM">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/IBM" class="extiw" title="commons:IBM">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:IBM_navigational_boxes" title="Category:IBM navigational boxes">Navigational boxes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_FOSS" title="Template:IBM FOSS">FOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_midrange_computers" title="Template:IBM midrange computers">Midrange computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_operating_systems" title="Template:IBM operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_personal_computers" title="Template:IBM personal computers">Personal computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IBM_System/360_line" title="Template:IBM System/360 line">System/360</a></li> <li><a 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