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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasnium" title="Frasnium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frasnium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الفراسني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفراسني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasni%C3%A0" title="Frasnià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frasnià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasnium" title="Frasnium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frasnium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasniense" title="Frasniense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frasniense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فراسنین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراسنین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasnien" title="Frasnien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frasnien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasniano" title="Frasniano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frasniano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasnium" title="Frasnium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frasnium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasniano" title="Frasniano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frasniano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C4%81nas_st%C4%81vs" title="Frānas stāvs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frānas stāvs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasni" title="Frasni – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frasni" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasnien" title="Frasnien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frasnien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="フラニアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フラニアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran" title="Fran – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasniano" title="Frasniano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frasniano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Франский ярус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франский ярус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Франський ярус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франський ярус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_Frasne" title="Tầng Frasne – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng Frasne" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frasnian&params=43.5032_N_3.0868_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°30′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°05′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.5032°N 3.0868°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.5032; 3.0868</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First age of the Late Devonian epoch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(242,237,173);">Frasnian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">382.7 ± 1.6 – 372.2 ± 1.6 <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:90.470769230769px; width:3.5538461538462px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:90.470769230769px; width:3.5538461538462px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:91.470769230769px; width:1.5538461538462px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/250px-380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/375px-380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/500px-380_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Paleogeography of the Late Devonian, 380 Ma</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:25.65em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:32em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.60em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−420 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:29.42em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:28.24em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−415 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.06em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:25.88em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−410 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.70em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.52em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−405 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.34em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.17em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−400 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.99em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:18.81em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−395 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.63em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.45em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−390 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.27em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:14.09em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−385 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.91em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.73em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−380 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.55em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.37em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−375 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.19em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:7.01em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−370 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.83em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.66em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−365 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:3.48em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.30em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−360 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.12em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:9.5em;height:32em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(153,192,141);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:0.000em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231500821">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-text{letter-spacing:-0.12em;line-height:1em;text-orientation:upright;writing-mode:vertical-lr;width:1em}}</style><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a></span></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(179,225,182);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:1.140em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(203,140,55);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:28.344em;left:1.140em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-14.172em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a></span></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,165,153);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:1.140em;width:0.950em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,143,102);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:2.185em;width:0.950em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">M</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(230,245,225);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:2.280em;width:7.220em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_Epoch" title="Pridoli Epoch">Přídolí</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(229,172,77);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:18.005em;height:12.117em;left:2.280em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.059em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Early_Devonian" title="Early Devonian">Early</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(241,200,104);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.005em;height:5.000em;left:2.280em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Middle_Devonian" title="Middle Devonian">Mid</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(241,225,157);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:11.127em;left:2.280em;width:1.045em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.563em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(128,171,108);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:3.230em;width:0.950em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">EM</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(229,183,90);border-width:0.1em;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:26.260em;height:3.962em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.981em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Lochkovian" title="Lochkovian">Lochkovian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(229,196,104);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:24.750em;height:1.509em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.755em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Pragian" title="Pragian">Pragian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(229,208,117);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:18.005em;height:6.645em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.323em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Emsian" title="Emsian">Emsian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(241,213,118);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:15.363em;height:2.642em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.321em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Eifelian" title="Eifelian">Eifelian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(241,225,133);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.005em;height:2.359em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.179em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Givetian" title="Givetian">Givetian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,237,173);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.288em;height:4.617em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.309em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frasnian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,237,179);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:6.510em;left:3.420em;width:6.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.255em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(140,176,108);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:4.275em;width:5.225em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Tournaisian" title="Tournaisian">Tournai.</a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:9.405em;width:0.095em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.175em;height:0.047em;left:1.140em;width:8.360em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.024em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:26.213em;height:0.047em;left:3.325em;width:6.175em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.024em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:15.363em;height:0.047em;left:3.325em;width:6.175em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.024em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:0.047em;left:3.325em;width:6.175em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.024em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:10.25em;height:32em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:1.825em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Hangenberg_event" title="Hangenberg event">Hangenberg event</a>,<br /> Famennian glaciation</div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.288em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction#The_Kellwasser_event" title="Late Devonian extinction">Kellwasser event</a> (<a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction" title="Late Devonian extinction">Late Devonian extinction</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:15.033em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0">Widespread<sup id="cite_ref-Algeo1998-box_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Algeo1998-box-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />shrubs & trees</div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:24.467em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCck_Slates" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunsrück Slates">Hunsrück fauna</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:26.590em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Rhynie_chert" title="Rhynie chert">Rhynie chert</a><sup id="cite_ref-Parry_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parry-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:22.5em"><b>Subdivision of the Devonian according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>, as of 2023.</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Etymology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Name formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Usage information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Celestial body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Regional usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Global (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time scale(s) used</th><td class="infobox-data">ICS Time Scale</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Definition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronological unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigraphic unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">Stage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time span formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_appearance_datum" title="First appearance datum">FAD</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Conodont" title="Conodont">conodont</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyrodella_rotundiloba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyrodella rotundiloba (page does not exist)">Ancyrodella rotundiloba</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col_du_Puech_de_la_Suque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col du Puech de la Suque (page does not exist)">Col du Puech de la Suque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montagne_Noire" title="Montagne Noire">Montagne Noire</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frasnian&params=43.5032_N_3.0868_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°30′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°05′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.5032°N 3.0868°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.5032; 3.0868</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">1986<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data">FAD of the conodont <i><a href="/wiki/Palmatolepis" title="Palmatolepis">Palmatolepis triangularis</a></i><br /> LAD of the <a href="/wiki/Conodont" title="Conodont">conodonts</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ancyrodella" title="Ancyrodella">Ancyrodella</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ozarkodina" title="Ozarkodina">Ozarkodina</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Goniatite" title="Goniatite">goniatites</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gephuroceratidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gephuroceratidae (page does not exist)">Gephuroceratidae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Beloceratidae" title="Beloceratidae">Beloceratidae</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coumiac_quarry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coumiac quarry">Coumiac quarry</a>, Montagne Noire, France<br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frasnian&params=43.4613_N_3.0403_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°27′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°02′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.4613°N 3.0403°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.4613; 3.0403</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Frasnian</b> is one of two <a href="/wiki/Faunal_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Faunal stage">faunal stages</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late Devonian</a> Period. It lasted from 382.7 million years ago to 372.2 million years ago. It was preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Givetian" title="Givetian">Givetian</a> Stage and followed by the <a href="/wiki/Famennian" title="Famennian">Famennian</a> Stage. </p><p>Major reef-building was under way during the Frasnian Stage, particularly in western <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. On land, the first <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> were taking shape. In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Antler_orogeny" title="Antler orogeny">Antler orogeny</a> peaked, which were contemporary with the Bretonic phase of the <a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Variscan orogeny</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p><p>The Frasnian coincides with the second half of the "charcoal gap" in the fossil record, a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were below 13 percent, the minimum necessary to sustain wildfires.<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North American subdivisions of the Frasnian include </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Falls_Group" title="West Falls Group">West Falls Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonyea_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonyea Group">Sonyea Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesee Group">Genesee Group</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_definition">Name and definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasnian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Frasnian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist <a href="/wiki/Jules_Gosselet" title="Jules Gosselet">Jules Gosselet</a> and was accepted for the lower stage of the Upper Devonian by the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasnes-lez-Couvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frasnes-lez-Couvin (page does not exist)">Frasnes-lez-Couvin</a>, in the district of <a href="/wiki/Couvin" title="Couvin">Couvin</a>, in Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasnian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kaufmann2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaufmannTrappMezger2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)". <i>The Journal of Geology</i>. <b>112</b> (4): 495–501. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JG....112..495K">2004JG....112..495K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F421077">10.1086/421077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Geology&rft.atitle=The+numerical+age+of+the+Upper+Frasnian+%28Upper+Devonian%29+Kellwasser+horizons%3A+A+new+U-Pb+zircon+date+from+Steinbruch+Schmidt%28Kellerwald%2C+Germany%29&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=495-501&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F421077&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JG....112..495K&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Trapp%2C+E.&rft.au=Mezger%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Algeo1998-box-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Algeo1998-box_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgeo1998" class="citation journal cs1">Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>353</b> (1365): 113–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1998.0195">10.1098/rstb.1998.0195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Terrestrial-marine+teleconnections+in+the+Devonian%3A+links+between+the+evolution+of+land+plants%2C+weathering+processes%2C+and+marine+anoxic+events&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=1365&rft.pages=113-130&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.1998.0195&rft.aulast=Algeo&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parry-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parry_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParryNobleCrowleyWellman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/168/4/863.abstract">"A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications"</a>. <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>168</b> (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2F0016-76492010-043">10.1144/0016-76492010-043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=A+high-precision+U%E2%80%93Pb+age+constraint+on+the+Rhynie+Chert+Konservat-Lagerst%C3%A4tte%3A+time+scale+and+other+implications&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=863-872&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2F0016-76492010-043&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=S.+F.&rft.au=Noble%2C+S.+R.&rft.au=Crowley%2C+Q.+G.&rft.au=Wellman%2C+C.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjgs.lyellcollection.org%2Fcontent%2F168%2F4%2F863.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf">"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=Decision+on+the+Boundary+Stratotype+for+the+Middle%2FUpper+Devonian+Series+Boundary&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97-101&rft.date=1987-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1987%2Fv10i2%2F004&rft.aulast=Klapper&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft.au=Feist%2C+Raimund&rft.au=House%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F279761356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlapperFeistBeckerHouse1993" class="citation journal cs1">Klapper, G.; Feist, R.; Becker, R.; House, M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Definition+of+the+Frasnian%2FFamennian+Stage+boundary&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=433-441&rft.date=1993-12&rft.aulast=Klapper&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Feist%2C+R.&rft.au=Becker%2C+R.&rft.au=House%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F257830455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.2013-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.2013_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGhee2013" class="citation book cs1">McGhee, George R. Jr. (12 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wFqrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110"><i>When the Invasion of Land Failed: The Legacy of the Devonian Extinctions</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 110–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-16057-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-16057-5"><bdi>978-0-231-16057-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Invasion+of+Land+Failed%3A+The+Legacy+of+the+Devonian+Extinctions&rft.pages=110-11&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.isbn=978-0-231-16057-5&rft.aulast=McGhee&rft.aufirst=George+R.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwFqrAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoen-AubertBoulvain2006" class="citation journal cs1">Coen-Aubert, Marie; Boulvain, Frédéric (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Geol/docannexe.php?id=1076">"Frasnian"</a>. <i>Geologica Belgica</i>. <b>9</b> (1–2): 19–25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geologica+Belgica&rft.atitle=Frasnian&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=19-25&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Coen-Aubert&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft.au=Boulvain%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpopups.ulg.ac.be%2FGeol%2Fdocannexe.php%3Fid%3D1076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132517/http://www2.ulg.ac.be/geolsed/site_MM/">"Frasnian mudmounds from Belgium"</a>. University of Liège. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ulg.ac.be/geolsed/site_MM/">the original</a> on 2011-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frasnian+mudmounds+from+Belgium&rft.pub=University+of+Li%C3%A8ge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ulg.ac.be%2Fgeolsed%2Fsite_MM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrasnian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frasnian&params=43.5032_N_3.0868_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°30′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°05′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.5032°N 3.0868°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.5032; 3.0868</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary <span class="nobold">(present–2.58 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene (present–11.7 ka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene <span class="nobold">(2.58–23.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene <span class="nobold">(23.0–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(66.0–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous <span class="nobold">(66.0–145 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late (66.0–100 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early (100–145 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic <span class="nobold">(145–201 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late (145–164 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle (164–174 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early (174–201 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic <span class="nobold">(201–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late (201–237 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle (237–247 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early (247–252 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(252–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian <span class="nobold">(252–299 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Lopingian (252–260 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisuralian" title="Cisuralian">Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous <span class="nobold">(299–359 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">Mississippian (323–359 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian <span class="nobold">(359–419 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late (359–383 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Devonian" title="Middle Devonian">Middle (383–393 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Devonian" title="Early Devonian">Early (393–419 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian <span class="nobold">(419–444 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_Epoch" title="Pridoli Epoch">Pridoli (419–423 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Epoch" title="Ludlow Epoch">Ludlow (423–427 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Epoch" title="Wenlock Epoch">Wenlock (427–433 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Epoch" title="Llandovery Epoch">Llandovery (433–444 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician <span class="nobold">(444–485 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ordovician" title="Late Ordovician">Late (444–458 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ordovician">Middle (458–470 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Ordovician" title="Early Ordovician">Early (470–485 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian <span class="nobold">(485–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furongian" title="Furongian">Furongian (485–497 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaolingian" title="Miaolingian">Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Series_2" title="Cambrian Series 2">Series 2 (509–521 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terreneuvian" title="Terreneuvian">Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic Eon<br /><span class="nobold">(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(539 Ma–1 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1–1.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenian" title="Stenian">Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectasian" title="Ectasian">Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calymmian" title="Calymmian">Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1.6–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statherian" title="Statherian">Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosirian" title="Orosirian">Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyacian" title="Rhyacian">Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderian" title="Siderian">Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean Eon <span class="nobold">(2.5–4 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchean" title="Mesoarchean">Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoarchean" title="Paleoarchean">Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoarchean" title="Eoarchean">Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean Eon <span class="nobold">(4–4.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">ka</a> = kiloannum (thousand years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a> = megaannum (million years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ga</a> = gigaannum (billion years ago).<br /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/24px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/32px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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