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id="toc-Incorporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incorporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Incorporation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incorporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolls-Royce_40/50" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolls-Royce_40/50"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rolls-Royce 40/50</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolls-Royce_40/50-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Eagle_aero-engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolls-Royce_Eagle_aero-engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rolls-Royce Eagle aero-engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Eagle_aero-engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Springfield_USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Springfield_USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Springfield USA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Springfield_USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Twenty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolls-Royce_Twenty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rolls-Royce Twenty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Twenty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Phantom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolls-Royce_Phantom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Rolls-Royce Phantom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolls-Royce_Phantom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bentley_and_Rolls-Royce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bentley_and_Rolls-Royce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Bentley and Rolls-Royce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bentley_and_Rolls-Royce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Crewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Postwar diversification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Postwar_diversification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Postwar diversification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Postwar_diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motor_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Motor bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diesel_engines_Shrewsbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diesel_engines_Shrewsbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Diesel engines Shrewsbury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diesel_engines_Shrewsbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aero-engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aero-engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aero-engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aero-engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RB211—the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RB211—the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>RB211—the 1971 receivership and nationalisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-RB211—the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle RB211—the 1971 receivership and nationalisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-RB211—the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>New board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lockheed_and_Rolls-Royce_take-off" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lockheed_and_Rolls-Royce_take-off"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lockheed and Rolls-Royce take-off</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lockheed_and_Rolls-Royce_take-off-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1973_Rolls-Royce_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1973_Rolls-Royce_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1973 Rolls-Royce Motors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1973_Rolls-Royce_Motors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1973 Rolls-Royce Motors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1973_Rolls-Royce_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Car_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Car Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diesel_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diesel_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Diesel Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diesel_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flotation_of_Rolls-Royce_Motors_Holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flotation_of_Rolls-Royce_Motors_Holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Flotation of Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flotation_of_Rolls-Royce_Motors_Holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_with_Vickers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_with_Vickers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Merger with Vickers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_with_Vickers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkins_Engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkins_Engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Perkins Engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkins_Engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1977_Rolls-Royce_drops_(1971)_from_its_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1977_Rolls-Royce_drops_(1971)_from_its_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>1977 Rolls-Royce drops (1971) from its name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1977_Rolls-Royce_drops_(1971)_from_its_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1987_privatisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1987_privatisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>1987 privatisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1987_privatisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1987 privatisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1987_privatisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_and_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_and_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Divisions and products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_and_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rolls-Royce Limited</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="رولز رويس المحدودة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رولز رويس المحدودة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rolls-Royce" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF" title="رولز-رویس لیمیتد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رولز-رویس لیمیتد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="রোলস-রয়েস লিমিটেড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোলস-রয়েস লিমিটেড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rolls-Royce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rolls-Royce Limited" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rolls-Royce Limited" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rolls-Royce Limited" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AF" title="رولز-رویس لیمیتد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رولز-رویس لیمیتد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rolls-Royce Limited" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rolls-Royce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rolls-Royce" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%AF%B8%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C" title="롤스로이스 리미티드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="롤스로이스 리미티드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rolls-Royce" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_(azienda_1906)" title="Rolls-Royce (azienda 1906) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rolls-Royce (azienda 1906)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="റോൾസ്-റോയ്സ് ലിമിറ്റഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോൾസ്-റോയ്സ് ലിമിറ്റഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87" title="رولز رويس المحدوده – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رولز رويس المحدوده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" 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searchaux" style="display:none">1906–1987 UK automobile and aerospace manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the business between 1904 and 1987. For the present-day aero-engine business, see <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce Holdings</a>. For the present-day automobile business, see <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce Motor Cars</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce">Rolls-Royce</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Rolls-Royce Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg/200px-Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg/300px-Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg/400px-Rolls_royce_northamerica_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="95" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg/250px-Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg/375px-Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg/500px-Osmaston_Rolls-Royce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Rolls-Royce Limited (1906–71)</li> <li>Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited (1971–77)</li> <li>Rolls-Royce Limited (1977–87)</li> <li>Rolls-Royce plc (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Private_limited_company" title="Private limited company">private limited company</a></li><li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">public limited company</a></li><li>1971: <a href="/wiki/State-owned_company" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned company">state-owned company</a></li><li>as Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited</li><li>(re-named in 1977 to Rolls-Royce Limited, then re-named in 1986 to Rolls-Royce plc)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Partnership of Rolls and Royce (1904–1906)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, United Kingdom</li><li>1906 <small>(as a private company)</small></li><li>1971 <small>(as a state-owned company)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rolls" title="Charles Rolls">Charles Rolls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce" title="Henry Royce">Henry Royce</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1987</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1971: voluntary <a href="/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">receivership</a></li><li>(most assets were bought by the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a>)</li><li>State-owned company until:</li><li><b>Motors</b> sold to <a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a> (1980)</li><li><b>Aerospace</b> sold to the public as <a href="#1987_privatisation">Rolls-Royce plc</a> (1987)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Automotive: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a></li><li><span class="nowrap">Aerospace: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce Holdings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Johnson" title="Claude Johnson">Claude Johnson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hives,_1st_Baron_Hives" title="Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives">Ernest Hives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lombard" title="Adrian Lombard">Adrian Lombard</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Automobiles</li><li>Civil and military aero-engines</li><li>Marine propulsion systems</li><li>Power generation equipment</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Significant subsidiaries</li><li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentley Motors">Bentley Motors</a></li><li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Park_Ward" title="Park Ward">Park Ward</a></li><li>1959: <a href="/wiki/H._J._Mulliner_%26_Co." title="H. J. Mulliner & Co.">H. J. Mulliner & Co.</a></li><li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Mulliner_Park_Ward" title="Mulliner Park Ward">Mulliner Park Ward</a></li><li>1966: Bristol Aircraft Holdings</li><li>–<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aeroplane Company</a></li><li>–<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley_Engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Siddeley Engines">Bristol Siddeley Engines</a></li><li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rolls-Royce Limited</b> was a British <a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">luxury car</a> and later an <a href="/wiki/Aero-engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero-engine">aero-engine</a> manufacturing business established in 1904 in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> by the partnership of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rolls" title="Charles Rolls">Charles Rolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce" title="Henry Royce">Henry Royce</a>. Building on Royce's good reputation established with his <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">cranes</a>, they quickly developed a reputation for superior engineering by manufacturing luxury cars. The business was incorporated as "Rolls-Royce Limited" in 1906, and a new factory in <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a> was opened in 1908. The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> brought the company into manufacturing aero-engines. Joint development of <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engines</a> began in 1940, and they entered production in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rolls-Royce has since built an enduring reputation for the development and manufacturing of engines for military and commercial aircraft. </p><p>In the late 1960s, Rolls-Royce was adversely affected by the mismanaged development of its advanced <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB211</a> jet engine and consequent cost over-runs, though it ultimately proved a great success. In 1971, the owners were obliged to liquidate their business. The useful portions were bought by a new <a href="/wiki/Government-owned_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Government-owned company">government-owned company</a> named "Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited", which continued the core business but sold the holdings in <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> (BAC) almost immediately and transferred ownership of the profitable but now financially insignificant car division to <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings Limited</a>, which it sold to <a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a> in 1980. Rolls-Royce obtained consent to drop the '1971' distinction from its company name in 1977, at which point it became known once again as "Rolls-Royce Limited". </p><p>The Rolls-Royce business remained nationalised until 1987 when, after having renamed the company to "Rolls-Royce plc", the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> sold it to the public in a <a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">share offering</a>. Rolls-Royce plc still owns and operates Rolls-Royce's principal business, although, since 2003, it is technically a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce Holdings plc</a>, a listed <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motor_cars">Motor cars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motor cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce" title="Henry Royce">Henry Royce</a> started an electrical and mechanical business in 1884. He made his first car, a two-cylinder Royce 10, in his <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> factory in 1904. Henry Royce was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rolls" title="Charles Rolls">Charles Rolls</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Hotel,_Manchester" title="Midland Hotel, Manchester">Midland Hotel, Manchester</a> on 4 May of that year. Rolls was proprietor of an early motor car dealership, C.S. Rolls & Co. in <a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of his preference for three- or four-cylinder cars, Rolls was impressed with the Royce 10, and in a subsequent agreement on 23 December 1904 agreed to take all the cars Royce could make. There would be four models: </p> <ul><li>a 10 hp (7.5 kW), two-cylinder model selling at £395, about £50,000 in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a 15 hp (11 kW) three-cylinder model selling at £500, about £60,000 in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a 20 hp (15 kW) four-cylinder model selling at £650,about £70,000 in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a 30 hp (22 kW) six-cylinder model selling at £890, about £100,000 in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>All would be badged as Rolls-Royces and be sold exclusively by Rolls. The first Rolls-Royce car, the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_10_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 10 hp">Rolls-Royce 10 hp</a>, was unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Motor_Show" title="Paris Motor Show">Paris Salon</a> in December 1904. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incorporation">Incorporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Incorporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_(8390694776).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg/220px-1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg/330px-1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg/440px-1905_Rolls-Royce_brochure_%288390694776%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1474" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>Pages from a very early brochure, c. 1906</figcaption></figure> <p>Rolls-Royce Limited was formed on 15 March 1906, by which time it was apparent that new premises were required for production of cars. After considering sites in Manchester, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, it was an offer from <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>'s council of cheap electricity that resulted in the decision to acquire a 12.7 acres (51,000 m<sup>2</sup>) site on the southern edge of that city. The <a href="/wiki/Marble_Hall,_Derby" title="Marble Hall, Derby">new factory</a> was largely designed by Royce, and production began in early 1908, with a formal opening on 9 July 1908 by <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas-Scott-Montagu,_2nd_Baron_Montagu_of_Beaulieu" title="John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu">Sir John Montagu</a>. The investment in the new company required further capital to be raised, and on 6 December 1906, £100,000 of new shares were <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">offered to the public</a>. In 1907, Rolls-Royce bought out C.S. Rolls & Co.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Magic_Of_A_Name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The non-motor car interests of Royce Ltd. continued to operate separately. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rolls-Royce_40/50"><span id="Rolls-Royce_40.2F50"></span>Rolls-Royce 40/50</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rolls-Royce 40/50"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RollsRoyceSilverGhostAx201.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RollsRoyceSilverGhostAx201.jpg/220px-RollsRoyceSilverGhostAx201.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/RollsRoyceSilverGhostAx201.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption><i>The Silver Ghost</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-TSG_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 40/50 <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a> #60551 registration AX-201 Scottish Reliability Trial 22 June 1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost_at_Centenary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Original Silver Ghost car in 2004 — <br />40/50 chassis #60551 with semi-<a href="/wiki/Roi-des-Belges" title="Roi-des-Belges">Roi-des-Belges</a> open tourer body by <a href="/wiki/Barker_(coachbuilder)" title="Barker (coachbuilder)">Barker</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During 1906 Royce had been developing an improved <a href="/wiki/Straight-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-6">six-cylinder</a> model with more power than the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_30_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 30 hp">Rolls-Royce 30 hp</a>. Initially designated the 40/50 hp, this was Rolls-Royce's first all-new model.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1908, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Johnson" title="Claude Johnson">Claude Johnson</a>, Commercial Managing Director and sometimes described as the hyphen in <i>Rolls-Royce</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> succeeded in persuading Royce and the other directors that Rolls-Royce should concentrate exclusively on the new model, and all the earlier models were duly discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson had an early example finished in silver and named, as if it were a yacht, <i>Silver Ghost</i>. Unofficially the press and public immediately picked up and used Silver Ghost for all the 40/50 cars made until the introduction of the 40/50 Phantom in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new 40/50 was responsible for Rolls-Royce's early reputation with over 6,000 built. Its chassis was used as a basis for the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Armoured Car">first British armoured car</a> used in both <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rolls-Royce_Eagle_aero-engine">Rolls-Royce Eagle aero-engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rolls-Royce Eagle aero-engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_Eagle_VIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle">Eagle VIII</a> WWI era aero-engine</figcaption></figure> <p>Aero-engine manufacturing began in 1914 at the government's request.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first model, the Rolls-Royce Eagle, entered production in 1915. Two Eagles powered <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight_of_Alcock_and_Brown" title="Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown">Alcock and Brown</a>'s first non-stop trans-Atlantic crossing by aeroplane mounted on their converted <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vimy" title="Vickers Vimy">Vickers Vimy</a> bomber.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springfield_USA">Springfield USA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Springfield USA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_of_America,_Inc._1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_of_America%2C_Inc._1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3713" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>Share of the Rolls-Royce of America, Inc., issued 24 November 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1921, Rolls-Royce opened a new factory in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a> in the United States to help meet a three-year backlog demand where a further 1,703 "Springfield Ghosts" and 1,241 Phantoms were built.<sup id="cite_ref-kimes1996_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kimes1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This factory was run by subsidiary Rolls-Royce of America, Inc., and operated for 10 years, with the first car being completed on January 17, 1921, that being a Silver Ghost with a documented chassis price of US$11,750 ($207,138 in 2024 dollars <sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-kimes1996_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kimes1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the factory closed in 1931, 2,944 total vehicles had been produced.<sup id="cite_ref-kimes1996_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kimes1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located at the former American Wire Wheel factory on Hendee Street, with the administration offices at 54 Waltham Ave.<sup id="cite_ref-coachbuilt.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coachbuilt.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield was the earlier location for the <a href="/wiki/Duryea_Motor_Wagon_Company" title="Duryea Motor Wagon Company">Duryea Motor Wagon Company</a>, the location where the first American gasoline-powered vehicle was built. Bodies for American assembly were supplied by <a href="/wiki/Brewster_%26_Co." title="Brewster & Co.">Brewster & Co.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island City, New York">Long Island City, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kimes1996_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kimes1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rolls-Royce_Twenty">Rolls-Royce Twenty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rolls-Royce Twenty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_20-25_Gurney_Nutting_Saloon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1243" /></a><figcaption>20/25 limousine by <a href="/wiki/J_Gurney_Nutting_%26_Co_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="J Gurney Nutting & Co Limited">Gurney Nutting</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the First World War, Rolls-Royce successfully avoided attempts to encourage British car manufacturers to merge. Faced with falling sales of the 40/50 Silver Ghost in short-lived but deep postwar <a href="/wiki/Slump_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slump (economics)">slumps</a> Rolls-Royce introduced the smaller, affordable <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Twenty" title="Rolls-Royce Twenty">Twenty</a> in 1922, effectively ending the one-model policy followed since 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rolls-Royce_Phantom">Rolls-Royce Phantom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rolls-Royce Phantom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new 40/50 hp <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_I" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom I">Phantom</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost">Silver Ghost</a> in 1925. The Phantom III, introduced in 1936, was the last large pre-war model. A strictly limited production of Phantoms for heads of state recommenced in 1950<sup id="cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Magic_Of_A_Name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued until the Phantom VI ended production in the late 1980s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bentley_and_Rolls-Royce">Bentley and Rolls-Royce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bentley and Rolls-Royce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Certificate of the Rolls-Royce Limited for £23 of the Ordinary Stock, issued 8 August 1934. The stock certificate comes from the capital increase in November 1918 from £200,000 to £1,000,000. By far the oldest known British Rolls-Royce stock certificate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg/120px-Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg/180px-Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg/240px-Rolls_Royce_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2116" data-file-height="2111" /></a><figcaption>Certificate of the Rolls-Royce Limited for £23 of the Ordinary Stock, issued 8 August 1934. The stock certificate comes from the capital increase in November 1918 from £200,000 to £1,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By far the oldest known British Rolls-Royce stock certificate</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1931, Rolls-Royce acquired <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Motors_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentley Motors Limited">Bentley</a>, the small sports/racing car maker and potential rival,<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the latter's finances failed to weather the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. Rolls-Royce stopped production of the new <a href="/wiki/Bentley_8_Litre" title="Bentley 8 Litre">Bentley 8 Litre</a>, which was threatening sales of their current Phantom, disposed of remaining Bentley assets and using just the Bentley name and its repute. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg/220px-Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg/330px-Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg/440px-Bentley_8_Litre_saloon_by_Mulliner_1931_f3q.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>After 1931, Rolls-Royce stopped production of the <a href="/wiki/Bentley_8_Litre" title="Bentley 8 Litre">Bentley 8 Litre</a>, a competitor of the Phantom</figcaption></figure> <p>After two years of development Rolls-Royce introduced a new and quite different ultra-civilised medium-size Bentley, the <a href="/wiki/Bentley_3%C2%BD_Litre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentley 3½ Litre">Bentley 3½ Litre</a>. Advertised as "the silent sports car" and very much in the Rolls-Royce mould, it was a private entry by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ramsden_Hall" title="Edward Ramsden Hall">Eddie Hall</a> (but supported by Rolls-Royce) in the 1934, 1935 and 1936 <a href="/wiki/RAC_Tourist_Trophy" title="RAC Tourist Trophy">RAC Tourist Trophy</a> sports car races on the <a href="/wiki/Ards_Circuit" title="Ards Circuit">Ards Circuit</a>, where it recorded the fastest average speed in each year (ahead of Lagondas and Bugattis). This helped the Sales Department as old Bentley customers had been inclined to doubt that the new <i>Crewe Bentley</i> could out-perform its famous predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham197087_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham197087-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately after World War II (when fully-tooled pressed-steel cars were produced in the factory, rather than chassis sent to a coachbuilder for a custom-built body <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham1970197–201_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham1970197–201-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) until 2002, standard Bentley and Rolls-Royce cars were usually nearly identical – Bentleys were <a href="/wiki/Rebadging" title="Rebadging">badge engineered</a>; only the radiator grille and minor details differed. </p><p>In 1933, the colour of the Rolls-Royce radiator monogram was changed from red to black; because the red sometimes clashed with the coachwork colour selected by clients, and not as a mark of respect for the death of Royce later that year as is commonly stated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham197035_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham197035-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crewe">Crewe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crewe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British government built a <a href="/wiki/British_shadow_factories" title="British shadow factories">shadow factory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crewe" title="Crewe">Crewe</a> in 1938 for Rolls-Royce where they could build their <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Merlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Griffon</a> aero engines. Car production was moved there in 1946 for space to construct bodies and to leave space for aero engines at Derby. The site was bought from the government in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Crewe" title="Bentley Crewe">Bentley Crewe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1940, a contract was signed with the <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard"> Packard Motor Car Company</a> in Detroit, Michigan, for the production of Merlin aero-engines for <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in the USA. </p><p>Production focused on aero engines but a variant of the Merlin engine, known as the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Meteor" title="Rolls-Royce Meteor">Meteor</a>, was developed for the <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tank</a>. The Meteor's development completed in 1943 the same team at the Belper foundry restarted work on an eight-cylinder car engine widening its uses and it became the pattern for the British Army's <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_B_range_engines" title="Rolls-Royce B range engines">B range of petrol engines</a> for post war combat vehicles<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular in <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company#Alvis_military_vehicles" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Saladin" title="Alvis Saladin">FV600</a> range,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company#World_War_II_work" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ferret_armoured_car" title="Ferret armoured car">Ferret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited#1939–1945" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Humber_Hornet" title="Humber Hornet">Hornet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humber_Pig" title="Humber Pig">Pig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company#Military_vehicles" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Austin_Champ" title="Austin Champ">Champ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_diversification">Postwar diversification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Postwar diversification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_bodies">Motor bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Motor bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1937_Bentley_4-14_Litre_6069437050_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>1937 Bentley with an all-metal body engineered by Rolls-Royce built by Park Ward</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, in 1946, Rolls-Royce and Bentley car production moved to Crewe where they began to assemble complete Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars with body pressings made by the <a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Pressed Steel Company</a> (see <a href="/wiki/W._A._Robotham" title="W. A. Robotham">W. A. Robotham</a>). Previously they had built only the chassis, leaving the bodies to specialist coach-builders. In 1939, Rolls-Royce brought one of the specialist coachbuilders completely in-house by buying the remaining capital of <a href="/wiki/Park_Ward" title="Park Ward">Park Ward Limited</a> which, since 1936, in conjunction with Rolls-Royce had been building short production runs of all-metal saloon bodies on Bentley chassis. </p><p>In 1959, Rolls-Royce bought coachbuilder <a href="/wiki/H._J._Mulliner_%26_Co." title="H. J. Mulliner & Co.">H J Mulliner</a><sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the two businesses were put together as H J Mulliner Park Ward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diesel_engines_Shrewsbury">Diesel engines Shrewsbury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Diesel engines Shrewsbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_(5953963416).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg/220px-1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg/330px-1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg/440px-1930_Rolls-Royce_Ricardo_Diesel_Engine_%285953963416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Experimental V12 sleeve-valve diesel engine designed for Rolls-Royce by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ricardo" title="Harry Ricardo">Harry Ricardo</a> 1930. In a car driven by <a href="/wiki/George_Eyston" title="George Eyston">George Eyston</a> it held the diesel land speed record until 1950.</figcaption></figure> <p>Luxury cars did not fit with the new mood of post-war austerity. After starting design and development of what became their C series diesel engine range in 1948, Rolls-Royce began to produce <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> in 1951. By 1955, it provided diesel engines for automotive, railway, industrial, earth-moving and marine use.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Waggon_Works" title="Sentinel Waggon Works">Sentinel (Shrewsbury) Limited</a> was bought in 1956. Sentinel made machine tools and industrial locomotives. Rolls-Royce took over Sentinel's <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a> factory for diesel engine production and all its diesel work was transferred there.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/West_Riding" class="mw-redirect" title="West Riding">West Riding</a> manufacturer of diesel shunting locomotives, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hill_(Rotherham)_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd">Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Limited</a>, was added to the group in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, when Shrewsbury activities were put under the umbrella of new owner, Rolls-Royce Motors, the range of diesel engines included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_C_range_engines" title="Rolls-Royce C range engines">C range</a>: 4, 6, and 8 cylinder engines with power output from 100 to 450 bhp. Used in generating sets, compressors etc., construction equipment, railway and other industrial purposes and marine propulsion.</li> <li>Eagle: a modified version of the C range 6-cylinder engine named Eagle is used in heavy vehicles, their output 200 to 300 bhp.</li> <li>D range: V engines with outputs from 400 to 750 bhp for generating sets, marine and railway applications.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aero-engines">Aero-engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aero-engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Special:EditPage/Rolls-Royce Limited">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_Merlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1602" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>The ubiquitous 27-litre capacity <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Merlin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG/220px-Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG/330px-Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG/440px-Swan_Court_Shopping_Arcade_Blue_Plaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The plaque commemorating the location of the agreement that Rolls-Royce would take over top secret work on the development of the jet engine in WWII.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg/440px-Rolls-Royce_Dart_Fokker_F_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dart" title="Rolls-Royce Dart">Dart</a> fitted to a <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F.27_Friendship" class="mw-redirect" title="Fokker F.27 Friendship">Fokker F.27 Friendship</a> airliner</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg/220px-Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg/330px-Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg/440px-Rolls_Royce_Nene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">Nene</a> turbojet of the late 1940s</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_aircraft_piston_engines" title="Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines">Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines</a></div> <p>In 1907, Charles Rolls, whose interests had turned increasingly to flying, tried unsuccessfully to persuade Royce and the other directors to design an aero engine. When <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> broke out in August 1914, Rolls-Royce (and many others) were taken by surprise. As a manufacturer of luxury cars, Rolls-Royce was immediately vulnerable, and Claude Johnson thought the bank would withdraw its overdraft facility on which Rolls-Royce depended at that time. Nevertheless, believing that war was likely to be short-lived the directors initially decided not to seek government work making aero engines. However, this position was quickly reversed and Rolls-Royce was persuaded by the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> to manufacture fifty air-cooled <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8 engines</a> under licence from <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Magic_Of_A_Name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Factory</a> asked Rolls-Royce to design a new 200 hp (150 kW) engine. Despite initial reluctance, they agreed, and during 1915, developed Rolls-Royce's first aero engine, the twelve-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle">Eagle</a>. This was quickly followed by the smaller six-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Hawk" title="Rolls-Royce Hawk">Hawk</a>, the 190 hp (140 kW) <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Falcon" title="Rolls-Royce Falcon">Falcon</a> and, just before the end of the war, the larger 675 hp (503 kW) <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Condor" title="Rolls-Royce Condor">Condor</a>. </p><p>Throughout World War I, Rolls-Royce struggled to build aero engines in the quantities required by the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a>. However, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Straker-Squire" title="Straker-Squire">Brazil Straker</a> in Bristol, Rolls-Royce resisted pressure to license production to other manufacturers, fearing that the engines' much admired quality and reliability would risk being compromised. Instead the Derby factory was extended to enable Rolls-Royce to increase its own production rates.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Magic_Of_A_Name-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1920s, aero engines made up most of Rolls-Royce's business. </p><p>Henry Royce's last design was the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Merlin</a> aero engine, which was first flown in prototype form in 1935, although he had died in 1933. This was developed from the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_R" title="Rolls-Royce R">R</a> engine, which had powered a record-breaking <a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">S.6B seaplane</a> to almost 400 mph (640 km/h) in the 1931 <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Trophy" title="Schneider Trophy">Schneider Trophy</a>. The Merlin was a powerful supercharged V12 engine and was fitted into many <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> aircraft: the British <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a> (twin-engine), <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> (four-engine) (a development of the Avro Manchester with its unreliable <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Vulture" title="Rolls-Royce Vulture">Rolls-Royce Vulture</a> engines), <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> (twin-engine); it also transformed the American <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a> into a competitor for the best fighter of its time, its engine a Merlin engine built by <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> under licence. Over 160,000 Merlin engines were produced, including over 30,000 by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> at Trafford Park, Manchester. During the war most Rolls-Royce flight testing of engines was carried out from <a href="/wiki/Hucknall_Aerodrome" title="Hucknall Aerodrome">Hucknall Aerodrome</a>. The Merlin crossed over into military land-vehicle use as the <a href="/wiki/Rolls_Royce_Meteor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls Royce Meteor">Meteor</a> powering the <a href="/wiki/Centurion_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion tank">Centurion tank</a> among others. Many Meteor engines used engine blocks and parts that failed requirements for high performance engines, but were suitable for use in the derated 480 kW (640 hp) Meteor. </p><p>In December 1942, over a "five-shilling meal" at the Swan and Royal hotel in <a href="/wiki/Clitheroe" title="Clitheroe">Clitheroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hooker" title="Stanley Hooker">Stanley Hooker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hives,_1st_Baron_Hives" title="Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives">Ernest Hives</a> of Rolls-Royce agreed with <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Wilks" title="Spencer Wilks">Spencer Wilks</a> of the Rover Car Company that Rolls-Royce would take over top secret work on the development of the jet engine.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exchange of assets followed with <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover</a> and in the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> period Rolls-Royce made significant advances in <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> engine design and manufacture. The <i><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dart" title="Rolls-Royce Dart">Dart</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Tyne" title="Rolls-Royce Tyne">Tyne</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprop</a> engines were particularly important, enabling airlines to cut times for shorter journeys whilst jet <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliners</a> were introduced on longer services. The Dart engine was used in <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_AW.660_Argosy" title="Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy">Armstrong Whitworth AW.660 Argosy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_748" class="mw-redirect" title="Avro 748">Avro 748</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F27_Friendship" title="Fokker F27 Friendship">Fokker F27 Friendship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Handley Page Herald">Handley Page Herald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscount</a> aircraft, whilst the more powerful Tyne powered the <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Atlantique" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet Atlantique">Breguet Atlantique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transall_C-160" title="Transall C-160">Transall C-160</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short_Belfast" title="Short Belfast">Short Belfast</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vanguard" title="Vickers Vanguard">Vickers Vanguard</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SR.N4" title="SR.N4">SR.N4</a> <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">hovercraft</a>. Many of these turboprops are still in service. </p><p>Amongst the <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engines</a> of this period was the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">RB163 Spey</a>, which powers the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_II" title="Grumman Gulfstream II">Grumman Gulfstream II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F28_Fellowship" title="Fokker F28 Fellowship">Fokker F28 Fellowship</a>. </p><p>During the late 1950s and 1960s there was a significant rationalisation of all aspects of British aerospace and this included aero-engine manufacturers. In 1966 Rolls-Royce acquired <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley" title="Bristol Siddeley">Bristol Siddeley</a> (which had resulted from the merger of <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aero Engines</a> in 1959) and incorporated it as the Bristol Siddeley division. Bristol Siddeley, with its principal factory at <a href="/wiki/Filton" title="Filton">Filton</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, had a strong base in military engines, including the <a href="/wiki/Rolls_Royce_Olympus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls Royce Olympus">Olympus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Viper" title="Armstrong Siddeley Viper">Viper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pegasus" title="Rolls-Royce Pegasus">Pegasus</a> (vectored thrust) and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Orpheus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Orpheus">Orpheus</a>. They were also manufacturing the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/Snecma_Olympus_593" title="Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593">Olympus 593 Mk610</a> to be used in <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> in collaboration with SNECMA. They also had a turbofan project with SNECMA. </p><p>According to the prospectus published for the 1987 issue of shares to members of the public Rolls-Royce was by then one of only three enterprises outside USSR and China able to design develop and produce large gas turbine engines. At that time its engines were installed in the aircraft of more than 270 civil carriers and were used by 110 armed services and 700 operators of executive and corporate aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, its turbines powered the naval vessels of 25 different nations. Over 175 industrial customers operated Rolls-Royce gas turbines for power generation, gas and oil pumping and other industrial purposes. Its single most important customer was the United Kingdom's government. In the preceding five years about 70 per cent of production went outside the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leavesden_Aerodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Leavesden Aerodrome">Leavesden Aerodrome</a>, Watford was originally owned by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(1947%E2%80%931964)" title="Ministry of Defence (1947–1964)">Ministry of Defence</a> and used during World War II for the manufacture of Mosquito and Halifax aircraft. For a number of years, Rolls-Royce used the site for the manufacture of helicopter engines until the site closed in June 1993. The former Rolls-Royce factory at Watford is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studios_Leavesden" title="Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden">Leavesden Film Studios</a> and has produced world-famous films, including the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a></i> series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RB211—the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation"><span id="RB211.E2.80.94the_1971_receivership_and_nationalisation"></span>RB211—the 1971 receivership and nationalisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: RB211—the 1971 receivership and nationalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_(5343788626).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_%285343788626%29.jpg/220px-Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_%285343788626%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_%285343788626%29.jpg/330px-Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_%285343788626%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Rolls-Royce_RB211_turbofan_engine_%285343788626%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>RB211 Derby museum display.<br />Forty years after nationalisation its versions still powered around half of the long-haul airliners in service.</figcaption></figure> <p>The amalgamations and disappearances of the 1950s and 1960s left a small number of major airframe manufacturers based in only a few countries. The competition for the very large contracts to supply their engines grew intense. Expensive research and development became vital. Real profits came from the maintenance contracts which might peak a whole human generation later. By the 1980s it was said that each generation of aero engines cost around 10 times that of its parent.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this time Rolls-Royce employed 80,000 people and it was Britain's 14th largest company in terms of manpower. It was generally known that problems had recently arisen requiring government support of the RB211 programme as one outcome of intense financial competition with <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the original RB211 contract.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the new year of 1971 financial problems caused largely by development of this new <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB211</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engine designed and developed for <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation#Projects_during_the_Cold_War" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Aircraft Corporation</a>'s new <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">L-1011 TriStar</a> led, after several government-provided cash subsidies, to the recognition Rolls-Royce had no resources left and it voluntarily entered receivership 4 February 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were said to have been acrimonious telephone conversations between US president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and the British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> but these were subsequently denied. Responding to questions as to how the situation could have arisen the chief executive advised that in their calculations they were guided by the success of their estimates in the launching of their <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">Spey</a> engine.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Had the government simply nationalised Rolls-Royce it would have been unable to avoid the obligations to Lockheed.<sup id="cite_ref-TT60193_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT60193-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation was handled in the usual manner with the assets being sold for cash, in this case to the government, leaving the massive liabilities to be dealt with by Rolls-Royce Limited using the funds realised by the sale. However the government would not fix a purchase price for the assets until the situation became clearer because without a continuing business many of them might be worthless.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime the government would use the assets to continue the activities of the aero-engine, marine and industrial gas turbine and small engine divisions that were important to national defence, the collective programmes with other countries and to many air forces and civil airlines.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new company (1971) was incorporated that May to purchase substantially the whole of the undertakings and assets of the four divisions of Rolls-Royce connected with gas turbine engines. The original company, Rolls-Royce Limited, was placed in liquidation on 4 October 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asking their own government for support Lockheed warned that a switch to either Pratt & Whitney or General Electric engines would delay production by an extra six months and might force Lockheed into bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The receiver negotiated with Lockheed which consented to waive damages allowing the plant to be shut down. The continuing support of the trade creditors was also achieved by the receiver in spite of threats to demand immediate payments in full and to withdraw supplies. The first asset sold was <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> bought equally by Vickers and GEC. The receiver floated Rolls-Royce Motors in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-TT60193_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT60193-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_board">New board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: New board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new owner, Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited, had among its board members <a href="/wiki/George_James_Cole,_Baron_Cole" title="George James Cole, Baron Cole">Lord Cole</a> (a former chairman of Unilever), Sir <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Weinstock" title="Arnold Weinstock">Arnold Weinstock</a> (managing director of GEC), Hugh Conway (managing director Rolls-Royce Gas Turbines), Dr <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hooker" title="Stanley Hooker">Stanley Hooker</a> (Rolls-Royce Bristol), Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Cook_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Cook (scientist)">William Cook</a> (an adviser to the Minister of Defence), Sir St. John Elstub (managing director of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Metal_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Metal Industries">Imperial Metal Industries</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Elworthy,_Baron_Elworthy" title="Charles Elworthy, Baron Elworthy">Sir Charles Elworthy</a> (former Marshal of the Royal Air Force and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lockheed_and_Rolls-Royce_take-off">Lockheed and Rolls-Royce take-off</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lockheed and Rolls-Royce take-off"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new aircraft with its three RB211 engines left USA for the first time and arrived in Paris on 1 June 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Palmdale California the L-1011 received its US Federal Aviation Administration's certificate of airworthiness on 14 April 1972, nine months late. On the day the chairman of Lockeed said "...we know that in airline service it (RB211) will prove itself to be one of the leading power plants in aviation history".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first airliner was delivered to Eastern Air Lines on 5 April 1972 but it had been beaten in the race to production by <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>'s <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1973_Rolls-Royce_Motors">1973 Rolls-Royce Motors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1973 Rolls-Royce Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a></div> <p>Rolls-Royce Motors Limited was incorporated on 25 April 1971, two and a half months after Rolls-Royce fell into receivership. Under the ownership of the receiver, it began to trade in April 1971 – manufacturing motor cars, diesel and petrol engines, coachwork and other items previously made by Rolls-Royce's motor car and diesel divisions and Mulliner Park Ward. It continued to take on precision engineering work on sub-contracts. </p><p>In June 1971, it acquired all the business and assets used by the motor car and diesel divisions of Rolls-Royce and Mulliner Park Ward. Rolls-Royce Motors' permitted uses of the various Rolls-Royce trade marks were very precisely defined.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 1972, Rolls-Royce Motors employees in the United Kingdom numbered 5,855 in the car division and 2,311 in the diesel division, for a total of 8,166 people.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1973, the business was sold to Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings Limited in preparation for its <a href="/wiki/Public_flotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public flotation">public flotation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car_Division">Car Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Car Division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At that time, the Car Division, as well as making cars and special coachwork, carried out investment foundry work and the machining of aero-engine components. It also produced piston engines for light aircraft, together with other petrol and multi-fuel engines. Both divisions carried out development work for the British government. </p><p>The car division's headquarters were in Pym's Lane and Minshull New Road, <a href="/wiki/Crewe" title="Crewe">Crewe</a>. Bespoke coachbuilding remained in Hythe Road and High Road, <a href="/wiki/Willesden" title="Willesden">Willesden</a>, London. The Crewe former shadow factory premises were bought from the government at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diesel_Division">Diesel Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Diesel Division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Diesel Division made several types of diesel engine at its premises in Whitchurch Road, <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, as well as combustion equipment for aero turbine engines.<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Rolls-Royce Motors products</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Motor cars</li> <li>Diesel engines</li> <li>Aero turbine engine components and aircraft piston engines mainly for Rolls-Royce 1971</li> <li>Other engines and products:</li></ul> <dl><dd>B range of 6 and 8-cylinder petrol engines</dd> <dd>K range of multi-fuel engines</dd> <dd>various transmissions for fighting and other vehicles</dd> <dd>diesel shunting locomotives (Thomas Hill (Rotherham))<sup id="cite_ref-TT58775_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flotation_of_Rolls-Royce_Motors_Holdings">Flotation of Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Flotation of Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the event, the flotation met with a disappointing public response, and more than 80 per cent of the issue was left in the hands of the underwriters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_with_Vickers">Merger with Vickers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Merger with Vickers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 August 1980, the shareholders' agreement to the merger of Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Limited" title="Vickers Limited">Vickers Limited</a> became unconditional.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vickers would sell Rolls-Royce Motors to <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> in 1998 without the trademark, which was controlled by the aeroengine company, so it was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentley Motors">Bentley Motors</a>, with <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> then establishing a new manufacturer named <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce Motor Cars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkins_Engines">Perkins Engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Perkins Engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rolls-Royce diesel business was acquired from Vickers in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins Engines</a>. Perkins further developed the Eagle Diesels into the Perkins TX series of engines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1977_Rolls-Royce_drops_(1971)_from_its_name"><span id="1977_Rolls-Royce_drops_.281971.29_from_its_name"></span>1977 Rolls-Royce drops (1971) from its name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1977 Rolls-Royce drops (1971) from its name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg/220px-Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg/330px-Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg/440px-Suhail_Al_Zarooni_Rolls_Royce_Think_Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A 1974 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce" title="Rolls-Royce">Rolls Royce</a> from the Suhail Al Zarooni Car Collection, customized for the vital cause of Think Green Awareness</figcaption></figure> <p>The name of Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited was changed to Rolls-Royce Limited on 31 December 1977 the end of the company's financial year. The original Rolls-Royce Limited incorporated in 1906 and still in liquidation had been renamed R-R Realisations Limited<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had consented in March 1977 to the (1971) company being named Rolls-Royce Limited<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Limited was replaced by plc (<a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">public limited company</a>) in the summer of 1986 so shares could be offered to the public and traded on sharemarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1987_privatisation">1987 privatisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 1987 privatisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1987, the government offered for sale all Rolls-Royce plc shares. The heavily advertised issue was a remarkable success.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rolls-Royce's was an exceptionally long-term business. Before a civil aero engine went into service, its development could take 4 to 6 years, military engines often longer. Production might then extend a further 50 years including the manufacture of spare parts required long after complete engine production ends.<sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition">Competition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rolls-Royce's competitors were <a href="/wiki/GE" class="mw-redirect" title="GE">GE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney" title="Pratt & Whitney">Pratt & Whitney</a> (UTC). Aero engines were then only a part of GE and UTC activities as major industrial groups. </p> <dl><dd>Others included <a href="/wiki/SNECMA" class="mw-redirect" title="SNECMA">SNECMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turbomeca" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbomeca">Turbomeca</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTU_Aero_Engines" title="MTU Aero Engines">MTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Aviazione" title="Fiat Aviazione">Fiat Aviazione</a> in Europe and USA's <a href="/wiki/Avco" title="Avco">Avco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garrett_AiResearch" title="Garrett AiResearch">Garrett</a> and General Motors' <a href="/wiki/Allison_Engine_Company" title="Allison Engine Company">Allison</a>. Despite the field being exceptionally competitive, a number of the smaller manufacturers were already in collaboration with GE or with other smaller manufacturers, as was Rolls-Royce as well.<sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>A marketing survey in 1987 showed that only <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> was a more widely known <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> than Rolls-Royce.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions_and_products">Divisions and products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Divisions and products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At that time Rolls-Royce was organised into five business groups: </p> <dl><dd>1. ICEG Civil Aero – demand governed by airline activity and profitability <ul><li>major engines in 1987:</li></ul> <dl><dd>RB211-524, 535 series;</dd> <dd>IAE V2500 for Airbus A320, a consortium of Rolls-Royce 30%, Pratt & Whitney 30%, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Aero_Engine_Corporation" title="Japanese Aero Engine Corporation">JAEC</a> 23%, MTU 11% and Fiat 6%</dd> <dd>Tay, a development of the Spey superfan</dd></dl> <ul><li>engines out of production but generating a significant demand for spares</li></ul> <dl><dd>Avon (1951), Conway (1960), Dart (1953), Olympus 593 (1976), RB211-22B (1972), Spey (1964), Tyne (1960)</dd></dl></dd> <dd>2. MEG Military Aero – demand had been stable recently and so of major importance to Rolls-Royce <ul><li>major engines in 1987:</li></ul> <dl><dd>RB199</dd> <dd>Pegasus (with vectored thrust for VTOL combat aircraft)</dd> <dd>Adour</dd> <dd>Spey</dd> <dd>Viper</dd> <dd>EJ200</dd></dl> <ul><li>helicopter engines</li></ul> <dl><dd>Gnome</dd> <dd>Gem</dd> <dd>RTM322</dd></dl> <ul><li>missile engines</li></ul> <dl><dd>Odin</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd>3. I&M Industrial and Marine – aero derived gas turbine engines</dd> <dd>4. Repair and Overhaul</dd> <dd>5. Nuclear – submarine steam-raising equipment <dl><dd>together with these Services:</dd> <dd>Supply</dd> <dd>Corporate Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-DT41009_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cars">Cars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a>-only, no Rolls-Royce built Rolls-Royce body until Silver Dawn</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>1904–06 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_10_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 10 hp">10 hp</a></li> <li>1905–05 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_15_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 15 hp">15 hp</a></li> <li>1905–08 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_20_hp_(1905)" title="Rolls-Royce 20 hp (1905)">20 hp</a></li> <li>1905–06 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_30_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 30 hp">30 hp</a></li> <li>1905–06 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_V-8_(1905)" title="Rolls-Royce V-8 (1905)">V-8</a></li> <li>1906–25 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost">40/50 Silver Ghost</a></li> <li>1922–29 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Twenty" title="Rolls-Royce Twenty">Twenty</a></li> <li>1925–29 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_I" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom I">40/50 Phantom</a></li> <li>1929–36 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_20/25" title="Rolls-Royce 20/25">20/25</a></li> <li>1929–35 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_II" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom II">Phantom II</a></li> <li>1936–38 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_25/30" title="Rolls-Royce 25/30">25/30</a></li> <li>1936–39 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_III" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom III">Phantom III</a></li> <li>1938–39 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Wraith_(1938)" title="Rolls-Royce Wraith (1938)">Wraith</a></li> <li>1946–59 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Wraith" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith">Silver Wraith</a></li> <li>1949–55 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Dawn" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn">Silver Dawn</a> <sup id="cite_ref-cow_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cow-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1950–56 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_IV" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom IV">Phantom IV</a></li> <li>1955–65 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Cloud" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud">Silver Cloud</a> <sup id="cite_ref-pressteel_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pressteel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1959–68 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_V" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom V">Phantom V</a></li> <li>1965–80 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Shadow" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow">Silver Shadow</a> <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> <sup id="cite_ref-integr_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integr-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1968–92 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom VI">Phantom VI</a></li> <li>1971–2002 <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">Rolls-Royce Corniche</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cow-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cow_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">with first factory bodies using panels pressed by <a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Pressed Steel Company</a>, Cowley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pressteel-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pressteel_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">factory bodies using panels pressed by Pressed Steel Co.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-integr-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-integr_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">integral body chassis wholly built by Rolls-Royce.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bentley Models</b> (from 1933) – chassis only </p> <ul><li>1933–37 <a href="/wiki/Bentley_3.5_Litre" title="Bentley 3.5 Litre">Bentley 3½ L</a></li> <li>1936–39 <a href="/wiki/Bentley_3.5_Litre" title="Bentley 3.5 Litre">Bentley 4¼ L</a></li> <li>1939–41 <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Mark_V" title="Bentley Mark V">Bentley Mark V</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Standard saloons</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver Dawn 1953"><img alt="Silver Dawn 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG/375px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG/564px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG/750px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Dawn_1953_4566cc.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="1683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver Dawn 1953</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver Cloud 1956"><img alt="Silver Cloud 1956" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG/343px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="229" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG/516px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG/686px-Rolls_Royce_Silver_Cloud_I_1956_licence_plate_1963_Castle_Hedingham_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver Cloud 1956</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shadow1threequarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver Shadow 1972"><img alt="Silver Shadow 1972" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shadow1threequarters.jpg/300px-Shadow1threequarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shadow1threequarters.jpg/451px-Shadow1threequarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shadow1threequarters.jpg/600px-Shadow1threequarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver Shadow 1972</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275594942"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Postwar Phantoms</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 217.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 215.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phantom_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom IV limousine by Hooper 1953"><img alt="Phantom IV limousine by Hooper 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg/323px-Phantom_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg/485px-Phantom_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Phantom_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phantom IV limousine by Hooper 1953</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom V sedanca de ville by James Young 1961"><img alt="Phantom V sedanca de ville by James Young 1961" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg/312px-RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg/469px-RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg/624px-RR_Phantom_V_James_Young_Sedanca_de_Ville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phantom V sedanca de ville by <a href="/wiki/James_Young_(coachbuilder)" title="James Young (coachbuilder)">James Young</a> 1961</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom VI limousine"><img alt="Phantom VI limousine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg/294px-Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg/441px-Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg/587px-Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI_2009_State_Limousine_Windsor_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phantom VI limousine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phantom VI limousine"><img alt="Phantom VI limousine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg/293px-Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg/441px-Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg/586px-Car_Marriage_Kate_Middleton_and_her_father.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phantom VI limousine</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Thrust_Measuring_Rig" title="Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig">Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Mustang_Mk.X" title="Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk.X">Rolls-Royce Mustang Mk.X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRowbotham1970" class="citation book cs1">Rowbotham, William Arthur (1970). <i>Silver Ghosts and Silver Dawn</i>. London: Constable.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silver+Ghosts+and+Silver+Dawn&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Rowbotham&rft.aufirst=William+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rolls-royce.com/about/our-history.aspx">"Rolls-Royce, Our History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719170332/https://www.rolls-royce.com/about/our-history.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rolls-Royce%2C+Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rolls-royce.com%2Fabout%2Four-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TT58775-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT58775_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce Motors Holdings Limited. <i>The Times</i>, Monday, 7 May 1973; pg. 23; Issue 58775</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Magic_Of_A_Name-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Magic_Of_A_Name_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh2001" class="citation book cs1">Pugh, Peter (2001). <i>The Magic of a Name – The Rolls-Royce Story: The First 40 Years</i>. Icon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84046-151-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84046-151-9"><bdi>1-84046-151-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+of+a+Name+%E2%80%93+The+Rolls-Royce+Story%3A+The+First+40+Years&rft.pub=Icon+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-84046-151-9&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The earlier models having been based on a <a href="/wiki/Decauville_automobile" title="Decauville automobile">Decauville</a> owned by Royce.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldham1967" class="citation book cs1">Oldham, Wilton (1967). <i>The hyphen in Rolls-Royce: A biography of Claude Johnson</i>. Foulis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-017-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-017-6"><bdi>0-85429-017-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+hyphen+in+Rolls-Royce%3A+A+biography+of+Claude+Johnson&rft.pub=Foulis&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-85429-017-6&rft.aulast=Oldham&rft.aufirst=Wilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://silverghostassociation.com/About-the-Silver-Ghost">Silver Ghost Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015507/https://silverghostassociation.com/About-the-Silver-Ghost">Archived</a> 7 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> accessed 6 February 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kimes1996-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kimes1996_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kimes1996_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kimes1996_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kimes1996_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimes1996" class="citation book cs1">Kimes, Beverly R. (1996). Clark, Henry A. (ed.). <i>The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1945</i>. Kraus Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">1307–</span>1308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873414780" title="Special:BookSources/0873414780"><bdi>0873414780</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Catalog+of+American+Cars+1805-1945&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1307-%3C%2Fspan%3E1308&rft.pub=Kraus+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0873414780&rft.aulast=Kimes&rft.aufirst=Beverly+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coachbuilt.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coachbuilt.com_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/r/rolls-royce_cc/rolls-royce_cc.htm">"Location of Springfield Rolls-Royce factory"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426043841/http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/r/rolls-royce_cc/rolls-royce_cc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Location+of+Springfield+Rolls-Royce+factory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coachbuilt.com%2Fbui%2Fr%2Frolls-royce_cc%2Frolls-royce_cc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Stock Exchange Year-Book 1937, Publishers Thomas Skinner & Co., London, p. 1760</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham197087-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham197087_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowbotham1970">Rowbotham 1970</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham1970197–201-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham1970197–201_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowbotham1970">Rowbotham 1970</a>, pp. 197–201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham197035-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham197035_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRowbotham1970">Rowbotham 1970</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Historic Pub is up for sale". <i>Lancashire Evening Post</i>. 1 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancashire+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Historic+Pub+is+up+for+sale&rft.date=2020-02-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DT41009-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DT41009_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce Prospectus. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, Thursday, 30 April 1987, Issue 41009, pp. 19–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce for the unsentimental. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, Thursday, 30 April 1987, Issue 41009, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broken Rules That Led to the Downfall of Rolls-Royce. <i>The Times</i> Friday, 5 Feb 1971; pg. 15; Issue 58091</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Rolls-Royce RB.211 22m, developed for Lockheed, was a different engine than originally proposed to McDonnell Douglas for the DC-10. The RB211 was a member of the Advanced Technology Engine family that included the RB.207 for the Airbus A.300 and the RB.203 for the FH-228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce collapse: state takeover move. <i>The Times</i>, Friday, 5 Feb 1971; pg. 1; Issue 58091</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce former chief defends signing of RB 211 contract with Lockheed. <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 2 Dec 1971; pg. 21; Issue 58340</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TT60193-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TT60193_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TT60193_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rolls-Royce: a juicy liquidation". <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 22 Dec 1977; p. 15; Issue 60193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"TI chairman pleads for full Rolls-Royce assets price". <i>The Times</i>, Friday, 14 Apr 1972; p. 15; Issue 58452</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"NEB challenges Rolls valuation". <i>The Times</i>, Friday, 30 Jul 1976; p. 17; Issue 59769</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Independent inquiry for any dispute on R-R assets". <i>The Times</i>, Saturday, 20 Mar 1971; p. 7; Issue 58126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lockheed warning on bankruptcy". <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 19 May 1971; p. 21; Issue 58176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%200321.html">"RB.211 negotiations"</a>, <i>Flight International</i>, 4 March 1971, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141740/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%200321.html">archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=RB.211+negotiations&rft.date=1971-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1971%2F1971%2520-%25200321.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARolls-Royce+Limited" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TriStar engines surprisingly quiet. <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 2 Jun 1971; pg. 15; Issue 58188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Licence for TriStar, the 'quietest jetliner<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>". <i>The Times</i>, Monday, 17 Apr 1972; p. 19; Issue 58454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No signs of R-R Motors sell-out by institutions. <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 2 Aug 1973; pg. 17; Issue 58850</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vickers.<i>The Times</i>, Friday, 26 Sep 1980; pg. 26; Issue 60734</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls-Royce drops 1971 from title. <i>The Times</i>, Tuesday, 7 Dec 1976; pg. 19; Issue 59880</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls Royce. <i>The Times</i> Friday, 17 Mar 1978; pg. 23; Issue 60259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Appointments, <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 11 September 1986, Issue 62560, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R-R surges to 62p premium. <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 21 May 1987; pg. 25; Issue 62774</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rolls-Royce shares will fly". <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 29 April 1987; p. 25; Issue 62755</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolls Royce. <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 6 Oct 1965; pg. 8; Issue 56445</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TSG-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TSG_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Silver Ghost</i> – This car was ordered with its Barker body painted silver, specifically to publicize their new 40/50 hp model, which ran "with extraordinary stealthiness". Its name "The Silver Ghost" was carried on a special <a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing"><i>repoussé</i></a> plaque on its dashboard. It was finished with green leather, <a href="/wiki/Plated_ware" title="Plated ware">silver-plated</a> fittings, aluminium dashboard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritual Stolly swimming, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMHnO7_sVNU">"the best bit of kit we ever had"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205180604/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMHnO7_sVNU">Archived</a> 5 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The price for the aero engines division was not fixed until June 1973 but more than seven years passed before the liquidation was complete</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After initially being dissolved in 2004, it was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Companies_House" title="Companies House">companies register</a> in 2010, 2015 and 2021 under court orders with its name being its original company registration number as 00087989 Limited</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Limited&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%202907.html">"Lessons for Tomorrow from the Old Rolls-Royce"</a> a 1973 <i>Flight</i> article by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rodwell_Banks" title="Francis Rodwell Banks">Francis Rodwell Banks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrc.epexio.com/records/RRJ">Catalogue of the Rolls-Royce Joint Shop Stewards' Combine archives</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> & <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">VW Group</a> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Siddeley-Deasy</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong Whitworth</a> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley" title="Bristol Siddeley">Bristol Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armstrong_Siddeley_Owners_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club (page does not exist)">Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rover_Group" title="Austin Rover Group">Austin Rover Group</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Group" title="Land Rover Group">Land Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BL plc</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Heritage" title="British Motor Heritage">British Motor Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Car_Company" title="Dawson Car Company">Dawson</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </th> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Organization" title="Nuffield Organization">Nuffield Organization</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="MG cars">MG</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="MG cars">Morris Garages (MG)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Venture_Holdings" title="Phoenix Venture Holdings">PVH</a>) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Automobile" title="Nanjing Automobile">NAC</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </th> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/SS_Cars_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cars Ltd">SS Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </th> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </th> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Princess_(car)" title="Princess (car)">Princess</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Healey" title="Donald Healey">Donald Healey</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Britcar Holdings</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="15" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="61" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC Cars</a> (several ownership & company name changes) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </th> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="41" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="35" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peerless_(UK_car)" title="Peerless (UK car)">Peerless & Warwick</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="25" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Aircraft" title="Blackburn Aircraft">Blackburn</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="31" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Proton_(carmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (carmaker)">Proton</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Group" title="McLaren Group">McLaren</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="59" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </th> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="40" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenza_Sports_Cars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potenza Sports Cars (page does not exist)">Potenza Sports Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="32" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Europe" title="Chrysler Europe">Chrysler Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>) </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </th> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0">various </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a> </th> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </th> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darracq_and_Company_London#S.T.D._Motors" title="Darracq and Company London">S.T.D. Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a>) </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <th rowspan="2">Marque </th> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars130" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rolls-Royce" title="Template:Rolls-Royce"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rolls-Royce" title="Template talk:Rolls-Royce"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rolls-Royce" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rolls-Royce"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars130" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars" title="List of Rolls-Royce motor cars">Rolls-Royce motor cars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td style="width:4%;"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1900s </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1910s </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1920s </td> <td colspan="3" style="width:8%;">1930s </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1940s </td> <td colspan="4" style="width:8%;">1950s </td> <td colspan="3" style="width:8%;">1960s </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1970s </td> <td colspan="2" style="width:8%;">1980s </td> <td colspan="4" style="width:8%;">1990s </td> <td colspan="4" style="width:8%;">2000s </td> <td colspan="4" style="width:8%;">2010s </td> <td colspan="8" style="width:4%;">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">Ownership </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#90C090">Independent </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#90C090"><a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers plc</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#90C090"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">VW Group</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#90C090"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury car</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_10_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 10 hp">10 hp</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_15_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 15 hp">15 hp</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_V-8_(1905)" title="Rolls-Royce V-8 (1905)">V-8</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_20_hp_(1905)" title="Rolls-Royce 20 hp (1905)">20 hp</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Twenty" title="Rolls-Royce Twenty">Twenty</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_20/25" title="Rolls-Royce 20/25">20/25</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_25/30" title="Rolls-Royce 25/30">25/30</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Wraith_(1938)" title="Rolls-Royce Wraith (1938)">Wraith</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#996699; width:5%;" rowspan="8"><i>World War II</i> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0" width="4.5%"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Dawn" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn">Silver Dawn</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Cloud" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud">Silver Cloud</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Shadow" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow">Silver Shadow</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Spirit" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit">Silver Spirit</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Seraph" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph">Silver Seraph</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Ghost" title="Rolls-Royce Ghost">Ghost</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Ultra-luxury car </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_30_hp" title="Rolls-Royce 30 hp">30 hp</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost">40/50 hp<br />(Silver Ghost)</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_I" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom I">Phantom I</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_II" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom II">II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_III" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom III">III</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Wraith" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith">Silver Wraith</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="width:4%;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Wraith_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith II">Silver Wraith II</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Spur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Spur">Silver Spur</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Ghost#Rolls-Royce_Ghost_Extended_Wheelbase" title="Rolls-Royce Ghost">Ghost Extended Wheelbase</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" width="5.5%"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_IV" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom IV">Phantom IV</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_V" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom V">Phantom V</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom VI">Phantom VI</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Spirit#Touring_limousines" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit">Touring Limousine</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Seraph#Park_Ward_model" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph">Park Ward</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_(seventh_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom (seventh generation)">Phantom VII</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_(eighth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom (eighth generation)">Phantom VIII</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Convertible</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dawn" title="Rolls-Royce Dawn">Dawn</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td style="width:4%;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Shadow#Two-door_versions" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow">2 door</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">Corniche</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche#Corniche_II" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche#Corniche_III" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">III</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche#Corniche_IV" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">IV</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0; width:3%;"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche_(2000)" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche (2000)">Corniche V</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_Drophead_Coup%C3%A9" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé">Phantom Drophead</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Boat_Tail" title="Rolls-Royce Boat Tail">Boat Tail</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Droptail" title="Rolls-Royce Droptail">Drop Tail</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Shadow#Two-door_versions" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow">2 door</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Corniche#Corniche" title="Rolls-Royce Corniche">Corniche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Camargue" title="Rolls-Royce Camargue">Camargue</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Spirit" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit">Silver Spirit Hooper 2 door</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Wraith_(2013)" title="Rolls-Royce Wraith (2013)">Wraith</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spectre" title="Rolls-Royce Spectre">Spectre</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_Coup%C3%A9" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupé">Phantom Coupé</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Sweptail" title="Rolls-Royce Sweptail">Sweptail</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Cullinan" title="Rolls-Royce Cullinan">Cullinan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rolls-Royce_Limited_aero_engines358" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rolls-Royce_aeroengines" title="Template:Rolls-Royce aeroengines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rolls-Royce_aeroengines" title="Template talk:Rolls-Royce aeroengines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rolls-Royce_aeroengines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rolls-Royce aeroengines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rolls-Royce_Limited_aero_engines358" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft engines">aero engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_aircraft_piston_engines" title="Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines">Piston engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By name:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Buzzard" title="Rolls-Royce Buzzard">Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Condor" title="Rolls-Royce Condor">Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Crecy" title="Rolls-Royce Crecy">Crecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle">Eagle (V-12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_XVI" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle XVI">Eagle XVI (X-16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_(1944)" title="Rolls-Royce Eagle (1944)">Eagle (H-24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Exe" title="Rolls-Royce Exe">Exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Falcon" title="Rolls-Royce Falcon">Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Goshawk" title="Rolls-Royce Goshawk">Goshawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Griffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Hawk" title="Rolls-Royce Hawk">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel" title="Rolls-Royce Kestrel">Kestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pennine" title="Rolls-Royce Pennine">Pennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Peregrine" title="Rolls-Royce Peregrine">Peregrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_R" title="Rolls-Royce R">"R"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Vulture" title="Rolls-Royce Vulture">Vulture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By company designation:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">PV12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Buzzard" title="Rolls-Royce Buzzard">Type H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Condor" title="Rolls-Royce Condor">Type G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel" title="Rolls-Royce Kestrel">Type F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_R" title="Rolls-Royce R">Type R</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larch_(rocket_engine)" title="Larch (rocket engine)">Larch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RZ.2" title="Rolls-Royce RZ.2">Rolls-Royce RZ.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">Turbojets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Avon" title="Rolls-Royce Avon">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Derwent" title="Rolls-Royce Derwent">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">Nene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Olympus" title="Rolls-Royce Olympus">Olympus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Olympus_variants" title="Rolls-Royce Olympus variants">variants</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/Snecma_Olympus_593" title="Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593">Olympus 593</a> (with SNECMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.106" title="Rolls-Royce RB.106">RB.106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.108" title="Rolls-Royce RB.108">RB.108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.145" title="Rolls-Royce RB.145">RB.145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.162" title="Rolls-Royce RB.162">RB.162</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_RB176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce RB176 (page does not exist)">RB176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Soar" title="Rolls-Royce Soar">Soar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.44_Tay" title="Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay">Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.106" title="Rolls-Royce RB.106">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Viper" title="Armstrong Siddeley Viper">Viper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Welland" title="Rolls-Royce Welland">Welland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">Turbofans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Turbomeca_Adour" title="Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour">Adour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/SNECMA_M45H" title="Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H">M45H</a> (with SNECMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pegasus" title="Rolls-Royce Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/MAN_Turbo_RB.153" title="Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB.153">RB153</a> (with MAN Turbo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_TF41" title="Allison TF41">RB168-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.162" title="Rolls-Royce RB.162">RB.175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/MAN_Turbo_RB.193" title="Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB.193">RB.193</a> (with MAN Turbo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-Union_RB199" title="Turbo-Union RB199">RB199</a> (as Turbo-Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB202" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce RB202">RB202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_RB220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce RB220 (page does not exist)">RB220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">Spey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.203_Trent" title="Rolls-Royce RB.203 Trent">Trent (RB203)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">Turboprops</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turboshaft" title="Turboshaft">Turboshafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Clyde" title="Rolls-Royce Clyde">Clyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dart" title="Rolls-Royce Dart">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Gem" title="Rolls-Royce Gem">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Gnome" title="Rolls-Royce Gnome">Gnome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley_Nimbus" title="Bristol Siddeley Nimbus">Nimbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.50_Trent" title="Rolls-Royce RB.50 Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Tweed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce Tweed (page does not exist)">Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Tyne" title="Rolls-Royce Tyne">Tyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB) <br /> designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Welland" title="Rolls-Royce Welland">RB23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Derwent" title="Rolls-Royce Derwent">RB37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Clyde" title="Rolls-Royce Clyde">RB39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">RB41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.44_Tay" title="Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay">RB44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.50_Trent" title="Rolls-Royce RB.50 Trent">RB50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dart" title="Rolls-Royce Dart">RB53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">RB80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Soar" title="Rolls-Royce Soar">RB82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Soar" title="Rolls-Royce Soar">RB93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.106" title="Rolls-Royce RB.106">RB106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.108" title="Rolls-Royce RB.108">RB108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Tyne" title="Rolls-Royce Tyne">RB109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">RB140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">RB141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">RB142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.145" title="Rolls-Royce RB.145">RB145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Avon" title="Rolls-Royce Avon">RB146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/MAN_Turbo_RB.153" title="Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB.153">RB153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.162" title="Rolls-Royce RB.162">RB.162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">RB163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">RB168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_TF41" title="Allison TF41">RB168-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Turbomeca_Adour" title="Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour">RB172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">RB174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.162" title="Rolls-Royce RB.162">RB175</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_RB176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce RB176 (page does not exist)">RB176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Medway" title="Rolls-Royce Medway">RB177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.162" title="Rolls-Royce RB.162">RB181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Spey">RB183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/MAN_Turbo_RB.193" title="Rolls-Royce/MAN Turbo RB.193">RB.193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-Union_RB199" title="Turbo-Union RB199">RB199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB202" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce RB202">RB202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.207" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce RB.207">RB207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB.203_Trent" title="Rolls-Royce RB.203 Trent">RB203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_RB220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolls-Royce RB220 (page does not exist)">RB220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_RB211" title="Rolls-Royce RB211">RB235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce/SNECMA_M45H" title="Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H">RB410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Pegasus" title="Rolls-Royce Pegasus">RB508</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aero-derivative industrial <br />and marine engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piston engines:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Meteor" title="Rolls-Royce Meteor">Rolls-Royce Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Meteorite" title="Rolls-Royce Meteorite">Rolls-Royce Meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeroderivative_gas_turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroderivative gas turbine">Gas turbines</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Marine_Olympus" title="Rolls-Royce Marine Olympus">Marine Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Marine_Spey" title="Rolls-Royce Marine Spey">Marine Spey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Arnold_Griffith" title="Alan Arnold Griffith">Alan Arnold Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R.W._Harvey-Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R.W. Harvey-Bailey (page does not exist)">R.W. Harvey-Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hives,_1st_Baron_Hives" title="Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives">Ernest Hives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hooker" title="Stanley Hooker">Stanley Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lewis_(engineer)" title="Gordon Lewis (engineer)">Gordon Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lombard" title="Adrian Lombard">Adrian Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lovesey" title="Cyril Lovesey">Cyril Lovesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Ricardo" title="Harry Ricardo">Harry Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rowledge" title="Arthur Rowledge">Arthur Rowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Royce" title="Henry Royce">Henry Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubbra" title="Arthur Rubbra">Arthur Rubbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirito_Mario_Viale" title="Spirito Mario Viale">Spirito Mario Viale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce Holdings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Heritage_Trust" title="Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust">Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Original_companies_of_FT_30_in_the_United_Kingdom178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div 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decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Original companies of <a href="/wiki/FT_30" title="FT 30">FT 30</a> in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>As of 1 July 1935</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Circle">Associated Portland Cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_Brewery" title="Bass Brewery">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsover_Colliery_Company" title="Bolsover Colliery Company">Bolsover Colliery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Insulated_Callender%27s_Cables" title="British Insulated Callender's Cables">Callenders Cables & Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coats_Group" title="Coats Group">Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtaulds" title="Courtaulds">Courtaulds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillers_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillers Company">Distillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorman_Long" title="Dorman Long">Dorman Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Rubber" title="Dunlop Rubber">Dunlop Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">Electrical & Musical Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Spinners_and_Doublers" title="Fine Spinners and Doublers">Fine Spinners and Doublers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">General Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">Guest Keen & Nettlefolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Brands" title="Imperial Brands">Imperial Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Tea_Co._Stores" title="International Tea Co. Stores">International Tea Co. Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Brick_Company" title="London Brick Company">London Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murex_(company)" title="Murex (company)">Murex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patons_%26_Baldwins" class="mw-redirect" title="Patons & Baldwins">Patons & Baldwins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchin_Johnson_%26_Associates" title="Pinchin Johnson & Associates">Pinchin Johnson & Associates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle" title="Tate & Lyle">Tate & Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_%26_Newall" title="Turner & Newall">Turner & Newall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Steel_Companies" title="United Steel Companies">United Steel Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watney_Combe_%26_Reid" title="Watney Combe & Reid">Watney Combe & Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolworths_(United_Kingdom)" title="Woolworths (United Kingdom)">FW Woolworth & Co</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679888#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1971" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679888#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1971" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679888#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121601540">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132202495">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79025802">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121130534">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121130534">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rolls-Royce Ltd."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20080429003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rolls-Royce (automobily)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph455211&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="C. 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