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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Отношения между Мароко и Русия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отношения между Мароко и Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A4_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لعلاقات بين لمغريب ؤ روسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعلاقات بين لمغريب ؤ روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan 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style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Morocco–Russia relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morocco_Russia_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Morocco and Russia"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Morocco and Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Morocco_Russia_Locator.png/250px-Morocco_Russia_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Morocco_Russia_Locator.png/375px-Morocco_Russia_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Morocco_Russia_Locator.png/500px-Morocco_Russia_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/68px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/90px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Morocco–Russia relations</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">العلاقات المغربية الروسية</span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Российско-марокканские отношения</span>) are the <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral relations">bilateral relations</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia Federation</a>. Morocco has an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, while Russia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consulate general</a> in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_period">Imperial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Imperial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/439px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>Moroccan embassy in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in 1901.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bilateral relations between <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> have traditionally been very good since the 18th century. Then the mutual relations began with the exchange of goods between the empires of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Abdallah" title="Mohammed ben Abdallah">Sultan Mohammed Ben Abdallah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Empress Catherine II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> established a consulate in <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cassini" title="Arthur Cassini">Arthur Cassini</a> participated in the <a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Conference" title="Algeciras Conference">Algeciras Conference</a> as the representative of the Russian Empire. The Russian delegation supported the French position unequivocally in the <a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">First Moroccan Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late Tsarist years, Russia supported the <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Morocco" title="French conquest of Morocco">French colonial position in Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the course of the 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Comintern</a> supported <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Jacques Doriots</a>' (then a communist) campaign against the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">French colonial presence in Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in the 1920s and the 1930s, the Soviet Union did not sign the <a href="/wiki/Tangier_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangier Protocol">Tangier Protocol</a>. </p><p>During the Cold War, Morocco was one of the Soviet Union's most important trading partners in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1960s, Soviet-Moroccan relations were developing very well.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1964_Moscow_protest" title="1964 Moscow protest">1964 Moscow protest</a>, approximately 50 Moroccan students broke into the embassy of Morocco in the Soviet Union in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and staged an all‐day <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-in</a> protesting against death sentences handed down by a Moroccan court in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, the Soviet Union invested heavily in the <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Morocco" title="Mining industry of Morocco">mining industry of Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the context of <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a>, Moscow backed "the inalienable rights of the population of Western Sahara to self-determination".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Hassan_II_of_Morocco" title="Hassan II of Morocco">Hassan II of Morocco</a> said in 1980 that Morocco and the Soviet Union are "at war" in the sense that Soviet arms were supplied to <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, which were being shipped by Algeria to the <a href="/wiki/Polisario_Front" title="Polisario Front">Polisario Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_relations">Current relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_(2016-03-15)_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG/220px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG/330px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG/440px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco_%282016-03-15%29_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a> with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in 2016.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2000s, the bilateral trade relations widened significantly, especially in the mining and agriculture sector.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The current President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had paid a visit to Morocco in September 2006 in order to boost economic and military ties between Russia and Morocco. Morocco-Russian relations are still in constant development, while trade between the two countries reached over two billion dollars in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, <a href="/wiki/King_Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="King Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI of Morocco</a> visited Russia and met with President Putin.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both sides signed an agreement on mutual protection of secret information.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a significant decline in tourism from Europe, the Ministry of Tourism of Morocco is planning to attract more travelers from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the Moroccan and the Russian government agreed on investing into an oil refinery in <a href="/wiki/Mohammedia" title="Mohammedia">Mohammedia</a>, that was defunct since 2015. So equipped with a refining capacity of around 100,000 barrels per day, the refinery should later be able to reach 200,000 barrels per day by exploiting the <a href="/wiki/Nador_Port" title="Nador Port">Nador Port</a> facilities. This expansion promises to deliver a number of trickle-down effects, including boosting job creation and infrastructure development, particularly in Morocco's northern regions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morocco and the Russia signed a new fisheries cooperation agreement in 2020, after a former agreement signed in 2016, expired in March. The new agreement, spanning 4 years, is the 8th of its kind since 1992, and establishes the legal framework allowing a fleet of 10 Russian vessels to fish for small pelagic species in Moroccan waters beyond 15 nautical miles.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">coronavirus pandemic</a>, the cooperation between Morocco and the Russian Federation was highlighted after the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V vaccine</a> in January 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_Russo-Ukrainian_war">During Russo-Ukrainian war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: During Russo-Ukrainian war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morocco chose not to participate in the UN vote that condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morocco said it was concerned about the military escalation in Ukraine emphasizing that it encourages all initiatives and actions promoting a peaceful settlement of conflicts and 37% of Moroccans want to keep ties with Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former Moroccan prisoner of war who has naturalized Ukrainian citizenship was sentenced to death by a <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> court.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 December 2023, the 6th Russian-Arab Cooperation forum took place in <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, and a consular office in <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>. Morocco is represented in Russia by its embassy to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. </p><p>The Russian embassy is located in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Moroccan embassy is located in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Africa–Soviet Union relations">Africa–Soviet Union relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Foreign relations of Morocco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/12/148258/morocco-russia-relations-who-is-in-more-need-of-the-other/">Hamid Ait El Caid: <i>Morocco-Russia relations: who is in more need of the other?</i>, moroccoworldnews.com, 27 February 2014</a>. Retrieved 10 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23032801">Paul du Quenoy: <i>Tidings from a Faraway East: The Russian Empire and Morocco</i>, in: The International History Review, Vol. 33 (2011), No. 2, pp. 185–203 (here: 188/189).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23032801">Paul du Quenoy: <i>Tidings from a Faraway East: The Russian Empire and Morocco</i>, in: The International History Review, Vol. 33 (2011), No. 2, pp. 185–203 (here: 194).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OlN6GIAlsqMC&pg=PP66">David Stevenson: <i>1914–1918: The History of the First World War</i>, London 2004, p. 66.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H_RnlqMaEloC&pg=PA39">Susan Whitney: <i>Mobilizing Youth: Communists and Catholics in Interwar France</i>, Durham (NC) 2009, p. 39.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6XzuIbQAXUIC&pg=PA85">Stephen Zunes/Jacob Mundy: <i>Western Sahara: War, Nationalism, and Conflict Irresolution</i>, Syracuse 2010, p. 85.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jP1cfD-VQRgC&pg=PA128">Saadia Touval: <i>The Boundary Politics of Independent Africa</i>, Cambridge 1999, p. 128.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/20/article-1-no-title.html?_r=0"><i>Article</i>, nytimes.com, 20 March 1964</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8yavCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">Brian Pockney: <i>Soviet Trade with the Third World</i>, in: Edgar Feuchtwanger/Peter Nailor (eds.): <i>Soviet Union and the Third World</i>, London 1981, pp. 30-78 (here: p: 54).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSsaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Africa and International Communism</i></a>. Macmillan. 1980. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-29121-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-29121-4"><bdi>978-0-333-29121-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+and+International+Communism&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-333-29121-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSsaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4186426?seq=1">Yahia Zoubir: <i>Soviet Policy toward the Western Sahara Conflict</i>, in: Africa Today, Vol. 34 (1987), No. 3, pp. 17–32.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0506/050642.html">L. Roberts Sheldon: <i>Morocco says it's 'at war' with Soviet Union</i>, csmonitor.com, 6 May 1980</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2012/02/29273/russias-ambassador-in-rabat-says-relations-with-morocco-are-excellent/"><i>Russia’s ambassador in Rabat says relations with Morocco are "excellent"</i>, moroccoworldnews.com, 27 February 2012.</a> Retrieved 27 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalinterest.org/feature/whats-stake-moroccos-royal-trip-russia-15494">Ahmed Charai: <i>What's at Stake in Morocco's Royal Trip to Russia</i>, nationalinterest.org, 15 March 2016</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbth.com/international/2016/03/15/russia-morocco-sign-agreements-on-mutual-protection-of-secret-information_575975"><i>Russia, Morocco sign agreements on mutual protection of secret information</i>, rbth.com, 15 March 2016.</a> Retrieved 26 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourism-review.com/moroccan-tourism-authorities-plan-to-attract-more-russian-tourists-news4955">Daniel A. Tanner: <i>Morocco Wants to Increase Numbers of Russian Tourists</i>, tourism-review.com, 4 April 2016.</a> Retrieved 29 March 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/exploiting-the-vacuums-russia-and-north-africa-in-the-wake-of-the-sochi-summit/">Dario Cristiani: <i>Exploiting the Vacuums: Russia and North Africa in the Wake of the Sochi Summit</i>, jamestown.org, 20 November 2019.</a> Retrieved 22 November 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2651546/morocco-russia-sign-new-fisheries-cooperation-agreement">"Morocco, Russia Sign New Fisheries Cooperation Agreement"</a>. <i>Aawsat.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aawsat.com&rft.atitle=Morocco%2C+Russia+Sign+New+Fisheries+Cooperation+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F2651546%2Fmorocco-russia-sign-new-fisheries-cooperation-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-ken-idUSKBN2B2130">"Morocco, Kenya approve Russian coronavirus vaccine for use - RDIF"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 18 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Morocco%2C+Kenya+approve+Russian+coronavirus+vaccine+for+use+-+RDIF&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-ken-idUSKBN2B2130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theafricareport.com/195768/from-algeria-to-egypt-north-africa-as-a-microcosm-of-the-global-effects-of-russia-ukraine-war/">"North Africa as a 'perfect' microcosm of the effects of Russia-Ukraine war"</a>. 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Axios. 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian-backed+separatist+court+sentences+foreign+fighters+captured+in+Ukraine+to+death&rft.pub=Axios&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2022%2F06%2F09%2Fdonetsk-captured-british-moroccan-fighters-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapnews.ma/en/actualites/politics/6th-arab-russian-cooperation-forum-kicks-marrakech">"6th Arab-Russian Cooperation Forum Kicks Off in Marrakech | MapNews"</a>. <i>www.mapnews.ma</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mapnews.ma&rft.atitle=6th+Arab-Russian+Cooperation+Forum+Kicks+Off+in+Marrakech+%7C+MapNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapnews.ma%2Fen%2Factualites%2Fpolitics%2F6th-arab-russian-cooperation-forum-kicks-marrakech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.hespress.com/76660-morocco-to-host-6th-russian-arab-cooperation-forum.html">"Morocco to Host 6th Russian-Arab Cooperation Forum"</a>. <i>HESPRESS English - Morocco News</i>. 2023-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HESPRESS+English+-+Morocco+News&rft.atitle=Morocco+to+Host+6th+Russian-Arab+Cooperation+Forum&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.hespress.com%2F76660-morocco-to-host-6th-russian-arab-cooperation-forum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embassypages.com/russia-embassy-rabat-morocco#:~:text=The%20embassy%20of%20Russia%20in,email%20address%20with%20the%20embassy.">"Embassy of Russia in Rabat"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+Russia+in+Rabat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Frussia-embassy-rabat-morocco%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520embassy%2520of%2520Russia%2520in%2Cemail%2520address%2520with%2520the%2520embassy.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embassypages.com/morocco-embassy-moscow-russia#:~:text=The%20embassy%20of%20Morocco%20in,email%20address%20with%20the%20embassy.">"Embassy of Morocco in Moscow"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+Morocco+in+Moscow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Fmorocco-embassy-moscow-russia%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520embassy%2520of%2520Morocco%2520in%2Cemail%2520address%2520with%2520the%2520embassy.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorocco%E2%80%93Russia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Relations_of_Morocco_and_Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Relations of Morocco and Russia">Relations of Morocco and Russia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mid.ru/ns-rafr.nsf/strana?OpenView&Start=30&Count=30&Expand=30#30">Documents on the Morocco–Russia relationship from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marocco.mid.ru/">Embassy of Russia in Rabat</a> (in Arab and French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambmaroc.ru/">Embassy of Morocco in Moscow</a> (in Arab, French and Russian)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Algeria–Russia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Angola–Russia relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Benin–Russia relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Botswana–Russia relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Russia relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Burundi–Russia relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cameroon–Russia relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Central African Republic–Russia relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Russia relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Djibouti–Russia relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Egypt–Russia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–Russia relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Eritrea–Russia relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Eswatini–Russia relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–Russia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ghana–Russia relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–Russia relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ivory Coast–Russia relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kenya–Russia relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lesotho–Russia relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Libya–Russia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Madagascar–Russia relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mali–Russia relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mauritania–Russia relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mauritius–Russia relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mozambique–Russia relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Namibia–Russia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nigeria–Russia relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="Russia–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Russia–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="Russia–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Russia–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Russia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="Russia–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Russia–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Russia–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Russia–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Russia–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Russia–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Russia–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Argentina–Russia relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bolivia–Russia relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brazil–Russia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Canada–Russia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Chile–Russia relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Colombia–Russia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Costa Rica–Russia relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cuba–Russia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ecuador–Russia relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guatemala–Russia relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guyana–Russia relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Honduras–Russia relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mexico–Russia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nicaragua–Russia relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Panama–Russia relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Paraguay–Russia relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Peru–Russia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russian Empire–United States relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Russia–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Russia–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Afghanistan–Russia relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Armenia–Russia relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Russia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bahrain–Russia relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bangladesh–Russia relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bhutan–Russia relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brunei–Russia relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cambodia–Russia relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="East Timor–Russia relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Georgia–Russia relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Abkhazia–Russia relations">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Ossetia_relations" title="Russia–South Ossetia relations">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Indonesia–Russia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iran–Russia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iraq–Russia relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kurdistan Region–Russia relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Israel–Russia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Japan–Russia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Jordan–Russia relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Russia relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kuwait–Russia relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Laos–Russia relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lebanon–Russia relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Malaysia–Russia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Maldives–Russia relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mongolia–Russia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Myanmar–Russia relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nepal–Russia relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="North Korea–Russia relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Oman–Russia relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Pakistan–Russia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Palestine–Russia relations">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Hamas_relations" title="Russia–Hamas relations">Hamas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Philippines–Russia relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Qatar–Russia relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Russia–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Russia–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Russia–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Russia–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Russia–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="Russia–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Russia–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Russia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="Russia–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Russia–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="Russia–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Russia–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Russia–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Albania–Russia relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Austria–Russia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belgium–Russia relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bulgaria–Russia relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Croatia–Russia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cyprus–Russia relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Czech Republic–Russia relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Denmark–Russia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Estonia–Russia relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Finland–Russia relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="France–Russia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Greece–Russia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Hungary–Russia relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iceland–Russia relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ireland–Russia relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Italy–Russia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Latvia–Russia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Liechtenstein–Russia relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lithuania–Russia relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Luxembourg–Russia relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Malta–Russia relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Moldova–Russia relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Transnistria_relations" title="Russia–Transnistria relations">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Monaco–Russia relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Montenegro–Russia relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Netherlands–Russia relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="North Macedonia–Russia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Norway–Russia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Poland–Russia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Portugal–Russia relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Romania–Russia relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Russia–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Russia–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Russia–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Russia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Russia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Russia–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations">Donetsk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Luhansk People's Republic–Russia relations">Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Holy See–Russia relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Australia–Russia relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Fiji–Russia relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nauru–Russia relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="New Zealand–Russia relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Russia–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="Russia–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Russia and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_Russia" title="Arctic policy of Russia">Arctic policy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:Russia and the Antarctic">Russia and the Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Abroad">Near Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Russia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Russia">Diplomatic missions of Russia</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Russia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">European energy sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_cooperation_agreements_with_other_countries" title="List of Russian military cooperation agreements with other countries">Military Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Russia" title="Category:Treaties of Russia">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia" title="Military doctrine of Russia">Military doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Morocco&#124;link=Morocco_Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Template:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Morocco"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Morocco&#124;link=Morocco_Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Foreign relations of Morocco</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Algeria–Morocco relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Benin–Morocco relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Egypt–Morocco relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Kenya–Morocco relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Libya–Morocco relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Mauritania–Morocco relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Morocco–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Morocco–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Argentina–Morocco relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Canada–Morocco relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Mexico–Morocco relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Morocco–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Morocco–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Morocco relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Bangladesh–Morocco relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="India–Morocco relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Indonesia–Morocco relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Iran–Morocco relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Israel–Morocco relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Jordan–Morocco relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Malaysia–Morocco relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Morocco–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Morocco–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Morocco–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Morocco–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Morocco–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Morocco–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Morocco–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Denmark–Morocco relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="France–Morocco relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Germany–Morocco relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Italy–Morocco relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Kosovo–Morocco relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Morocco–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Morocco–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Morocco–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Morocco–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Morocco–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Morocco–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Australia–Morocco relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Morocco–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Morocco"><img alt="Coat of arms of Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="874" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Morocco–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_and_the_World_Bank" title="Morocco and the World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Territorial_disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territorial disputes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal status of Western Sahara">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Initiative_for_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Initiative for Western Sahara">Morocco's autonomy proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINURSO" class="mw-redirect" title="MINURSO">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island_crisis" title="Perejil Island crisis">Perejil Island crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_African_Cooperation_and_Moroccan_Expatriates" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Morocco" title="List of diplomatic missions of Morocco">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a 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