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href="#Common_aptitude_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common aptitude tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_aptitude_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combined_aptitude_and_knowledge_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combined_aptitude_and_knowledge_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Combined aptitude and knowledge tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combined_aptitude_and_knowledge_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" 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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أهلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أهلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptit%C3%BA" title="Aptitú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aptitú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Способност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Способност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitud" title="Aptitud – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aptitud" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Пултарулăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пултарулăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent" title="Talent – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Talent" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manho" title="Manho – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Manho" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evne" title="Evne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Evne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4higkeit_(Psychologie)" title="Fähigkeit (Psychologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fähigkeit (Psychologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5ime" title="Võime – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võime" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Δυνατότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυνατότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitud" title="Aptitud – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aptitud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapablo" title="Kapablo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kapablo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaitasun" title="Gaitasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaitasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="توانایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توانایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitude_(psychologie)" title="Aptitude (psychologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aptitude (psychologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ընդունակություններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընդունակություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभिक्षमता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभिक्षमता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apteso" title="Apteso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apteso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitudine" title="Attitudine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attitudine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Қабілет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қабілет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipaji" title="Kipaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapab" title="Kapab – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kapab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitud" title="Aptitud – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aptitud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दक्षता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E6%80%A7" title="適性 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="適性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qobiliyat" title="Qobiliyat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qobiliyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilidade" title="Habilidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Habilidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptitudine" title="Aptitudine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aptitudine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Способности – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Способности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_(sposobnost)" title="Talent (sposobnost) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Talent (sposobnost)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C5%A1tina" title="Veština – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Veština" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rm%C3%A5ga" title="Förmåga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förmåga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="திறமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திறமை" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ability; competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Debian software, see <a href="/wiki/Aptitude_(software)" title="Aptitude (software)">Aptitude (software)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Aptitude" title="Talk:Aptitude">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>aptitude</b> is a component of a <a href="/wiki/Competence_(human_resources)" title="Competence (human resources)">competence</a> to do a certain kind of <a href="/wiki/Labour_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour (economics)">work</a> at a certain level. Outstanding aptitude can be considered "<b>talent</b>", or "<b>skill</b>". Aptitude is <a href="/wiki/Innate" title="Innate">inborn</a> <a href="/wiki/Potential" title="Potential">potential</a> to perform certain kinds of activities, whether <a href="/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">physical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">mental</a>, and whether developed or undeveloped. Aptitude is often contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">skills</a> and abilities, which are developed through <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">mass term</a> <b>ability</b> refers to components of competence acquired through a combination of both aptitude and skills. </p><p>According to Gladwell (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGladwell2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGladwell2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Colvin (2008),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColvin2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColvin2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is often difficult to set apart the influence of talent from the influence of hard <a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">training</a> in the case of outstanding performances. Howe, Davidson, and Sloboda argue that talents are acquired rather than innate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talented individuals generally show high levels of competence immediately in only a narrow range of activities,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often comprising only a single direction or genre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intelligence_and_aptitude">Intelligence and aptitude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Intelligence and aptitude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aptitude and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_quotient" title="Intelligence quotient">IQ</a> are different but related concepts relating to human mental ability. Unlike the original idea of IQ, aptitude often refers to one of the many different characteristics which can be independent of each other, such as aptitude for military flight, air traffic control, or computer programming.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This approach measures a variety of separate skills, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences" title="Theory of multiple intelligences">theory of multiple intelligences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cattell%E2%80%93Horn%E2%80%93Carroll_theory" title="Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory">Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory</a> and many other modern theories of intelligence. In general, aptitude tests are more likely to be designed and used for career and employment decisions, and intelligence tests are more likely to be used for educational and research purposes. However, there is a great deal of overlap between them, and they often measure the same kinds of abilities. For example, aptitude tests such as the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery</a> measure enough aptitudes that they could also serve as a measure of general intelligence. </p><p>A single construct such as mental ability is measured with multiple tests. Often, a person's group of test scores will be highly correlated with each other, which makes a single measure useful in many cases. For example, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/General_Learning_Ability" class="mw-redirect" title="General Learning Ability">General Learning Ability</a> is determined by combining Verbal, Numerical and Spatial aptitude scores. However, many individuals have skills that are much higher or lower than their overall mental ability level. Aptitude subtests are used intra-individually to determine which tasks that individual is more skilled at performing. This information can be useful for determining which job roles are the best fits for employees or applicants. Often, before more rigorous aptitude tests are used, individuals are screened for a basic level of aptitude through a previously-completed process, such as <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> scores, <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Record_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Record Examination">GRE</a> scores, <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Aptitude_Test_in_Engineering" title="Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering">GATE</a> scores, degrees, or other certifications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_aptitude_tests">Common aptitude tests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common aptitude tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of aptitude tests include;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">Logical reasoning</a> tests: Logical reasoning tests examine how you come to see the difference or similarities between patterns and shapes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbal_reasoning" title="Verbal reasoning">Verbal reasoning</a> tests: Verbal reasoning tests will determine the way you have defined or obtained information from within short passage or paragraph.</li> <li>In-tray exercises: Also called e-tray exercise, in-tray exercises is to determine your prioritization and organizational abilities required in the workplace.</li> <li>Watson Glaser <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a> tests: The Watson Glaser critical thinking test determines your ability to analyze any set of information to see how well you understand it and draw from it a logical conclusion.</li> <li>Situational judgment tests: Situational judgment tests measure how you solve problems at work using various workplace scenarios.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerical_reasoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerical reasoning">Numerical reasoning</a> tests: Numerical reasoning tests determine how you use numbers and calculations to solve mathematical problems.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagrammatic_reasoning" title="Diagrammatic reasoning">Diagrammatic reasoning</a> tests: Diagrammatic reasoning tests give you patterns and diagrams from which you must find the next step in the chain and provide the next step in the pattern using logic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combined_aptitude_and_knowledge_tests">Combined aptitude and knowledge tests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Combined aptitude and knowledge tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tests that assess learned skills or knowledge are frequently called <a href="/wiki/Achievement_test" title="Achievement test">achievement tests</a>. However, certain tests can assess both types of constructs. An example that leans both ways is the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery</a> (ASVAB), which is given to recruits entering the armed forces of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Another is the SAT, which is designed as a test of aptitude for <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a> in the United States, but has achievement elements. For example, it tests mathematical reasoning, which depends both on mathematical ability and education received in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. </p><p>Aptitude tests can typically be grouped according to the type of cognitive ability they measure, whether that be <a href="/wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence" title="Fluid and crystallized intelligence">fluid or crystallized intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wolfe%E2%80%93Spence_tests" title="Wolfe–Spence tests">Wolfe–Spence tests</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/aptitude" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/aptitude">aptitude</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">General learning ability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">Skill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_visualization_ability" title="Spatial visualization ability">Spatial visualization ability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_disability" title="Learning disability">Learning disability</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006002134/http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/stantests/mental.htm">"Standardized tests: Aptitude, Intelligence, Achievement"</a>. <i>psychology.ucdavis.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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J.; Davidson, J. W.; Sloboda, J. A. (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10097018/">"Innate talents: reality or myth?"</a>. <i>The Behavioral and Brain Sciences</i>. <b>21</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">399–</span>407, discussion 407-42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0140525x9800123x">10.1017/s0140525x9800123x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10097018">10097018</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7656089">7656089</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=Innate+talents%3A+reality+or+myth%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E399-%3C%2Fspan%3E407%2C+discussion+407-42&rft.date=1998-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7656089%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10097018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0140525x9800123x&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=Davidson%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=Sloboda%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F10097018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEby" class="citation web cs1">Eby, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160225031652/http://developingmultipletalents.com/multitalented-artists/">"Multitalented Creative People"</a>. <i>Developing Multiple Talents</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://developingmultipletalents.com/multitalented-artists/">the original</a> on 25 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Developing+Multiple+Talents&rft.atitle=Multitalented+Creative+People&rft.aulast=Eby&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdevelopingmultipletalents.com%2Fmultitalented-artists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/stantests/mental.htm">"Standardized tests: Aptitude, Intelligence, Achievement"</a>. <i>psychology.ucdavis.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psychology.ucdavis.edu&rft.atitle=Standardized+tests%3A+Aptitude%2C+Intelligence%2C+Achievement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.ucdavis.edu%2Fsommerb%2Fsommerdemo%2Fstantests%2Fmental.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-aptitude">"What is Aptitude? Definition, Types and Ways to Highlight It"</a>. <i>www.indeed.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indeed.com&rft.atitle=What+is+Aptitude%3F+Definition%2C+Types+and+Ways+to+Highlight+It&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg.indeed.com%2Fcareer-advice%2Fcareer-development%2Fwhat-is-aptitude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megasociety.org/noesis/138/aptitude.html">The Too Many Aptitudes Problem</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wellsphere.com/happiness-article/multipotentiality-multiple-talents-multiple-challenges/1196517">Multipotentiality: multiple talents, multiple challenges</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718024926/http://www.wellsphere.com/happiness-article/multipotentiality-multiple-talents-multiple-challenges/1196517">Archived</a> July 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jocrf.org/about_aptitudes/Pease.html">Personal Reflections on Testing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205838/http://www.jocrf.org/about_aptitudes/Pease.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColvin2008" class="citation book cs1">Colvin, Geoff (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/talentisoverrate00colv_0"><i>Talent is overrated: What really separate world-class performers from everybody else</i></a></span>. New York: Portfolio, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-224-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59184-224-8"><bdi>978-1-59184-224-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talent+is+overrated%3A+What+really+separate+world-class+performers+from+everybody+else&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Portfolio%2C+Penguin+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59184-224-8&rft.aulast=Colvin&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftalentisoverrate00colv_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGladwell2008" class="citation book cs1">Gladwell, Malcolm (2008). <i>Outliers: The story of Success</i>. New York: Little, Brown & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-03669-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-03669-6"><bdi>978-0-316-03669-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outliers%3A+The+story+of+Success&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-316-03669-6&rft.aulast=Gladwell&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAptitude" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aptitude&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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