CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92846ca1cf1a938e',cH: 'WojYhdhEZNBbpPZkPllc6GPXl1C.jrSb_qTtOlO3KpQ-1743304335-1.2.1.1-n0EEpobpLVFRhiDSvUbCEaJNGB.wNkreWD8PHiZLTKbQnSrsb9TszTacFo3z2mq9',cUPMDTk: "\/10626\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=Q5SLMvds4Lg1fHwazPC4eQHXB77uTGmVQgneKZGpGoo-1743304335-1.0.1.1-B2g9aty3lAT150Axpg9JQLQC09a1U2TfLdY4OdfGAjo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743304335',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10626\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=Q5SLMvds4Lg1fHwazPC4eQHXB77uTGmVQgneKZGpGoo-1743304335-1.0.1.1-B2g9aty3lAT150Axpg9JQLQC09a1U2TfLdY4OdfGAjo",md: "p6.7pPASo7ZtQ42PKDLvFP1IDypkm6mWEUk.WpWpo_4-1743304335-1.2.1.1-qAN_FeSHd69w3MempHKGd67DaIJvGOi1Gsnqd7PjFwaBCvbb6xVaOUSv14w6HhzAn1C1CubUb2wqjitUngkDEBKw7foSrLh4wD9nUfsUfp8.7eEC.Kpw9j0QNCjvQsZt1bKiuPvna7mUj4rBYDmFQH.MPm9IltqUXkaXDV5IBHSPQvkd5ObLqxQj.7qsuFwS6PLpyvu8EWCTRJCGg3n9IqxHRH4z7BKBlC8wdDDwgQE_rQeS4SiGQK8EgqgXNDy4w3LVEx4n8Gq50Y590laFJIcfMpja3BSPi5.luWqkgTx1Zl1oBYyu_oosCaQWUx4kCMk6Wg8PQ0xwbdcgBJOSBCND6ZxpB1oSLFUT93hoWOtq4zNt9a6Q0sbJcJkKhI_pTkaBFhBd0tfNcUI6jepU_mobtt_6fc1qAHktD1HCgkn1Sq7pWwpBWixhQ1D1VR_mrpcZjbzH7gpkIpl76oQFCvkH03pIuZCyMDz2bZ5VhIc1rYrkC9wVI_O3jruby7tNWP6cZVoJA6lFRIF6VrcKNX3bqvcL3Up3Ld243mVnm0okx5N2i7pwDICjci4mHZC0WqGChkrmHna37E7TOP7l.8c_7aUjfzHdimMXDVXoQlgCQr0YyEjgPLyxHA424_X7k7Ipf0pVK4t53.y0LFCN6PcSb4jaO_mZSANAfFF7mieeo9m0hxE090GFMziex6ccu.3oYbMCOsVUlcR9xTpmIo3PjkcsWiusoTjxgdSOxITj2c3aun_v42buCOsnheP7JPwfxeqdcku9HeJjmmoSRhOveHBzWvPL3A05mLGbz0MPi00r20eUKRwN.5a_QkiizEHAMfnJajB5xV2avEQDpdjR3jljyknlCsNk9gU1umuqOg80EwjfuTS_rHWLP_T45215oGJdKj.3IQX5_hgKuXjK2l8yRxhPfhByhXxlg9WLPNIOoQYG7eOO.ZizTPexjjxFxzSYKLEn8OKAXyzyCzUNGqYhy8oS53J3J7J8hyOVLDvEoZqqLsiz5gQ3byvhaWbvldpy6dYLI2aClZ44E9VCIe51uTmXvgPbczbUhqsHSOdYLqrdlqgu4kX9B0.gDYkBjZxw3nzIoViUeX3pP0nBkxHJdty2ilmiHfxFSogcG4Mdo2G0X06rXDhvAzr_CLXDv08JlLkexuY1gZ1DnRwUpsEJ0wnuPrkzoVDaAV2U2vw.wKP8IGEoPf7U8dAA9JrXs6X3P5gJuzfwB.CLSA",mdrd: "Ka4bItML7kwcnEurFPrjzkcYa8gY0pjaOvQN0kxdBp4-1743304335-1.2.1.1-xYDDtQkZqrvo.V8MEAfbKOJ6XPInX5pZkxzBuRkH7kJuqukqgS9UqsUX5yjfql4RYOyyDOxHA1Tq67jFIPzDJme.FtbAnWXBgVXHlO1YmSnlGlswUyKZd6nQ_PN_GBgWO7wG9sWjz8kQsjhMF2C0xFsac8yACmXJUOsTlRHyScR6fA6ylmtbveKOVEyoK2FvitD52Mi2GIUa6ruOCXvfqqrBSQZcJDeuALL.ZLM9_Qyxj54KJ_qgWxEIlucbELbn8fzKUbQznxbQSuO1zEOK4eTOas5_mr26Yq2vDW8mwabS2zY0UN55lh8jFC3GQAk_Pbt86IQIfSQrbUcsWknvZcRRW8NWUElDClbeZwp_Qr9b7qFTq0yrnZfbFa_j6249x7qEJ9qu82GwG3nF8fMkHo8H7..aCyx8oAczkaONhUJY584sTvnv7ViETcN9_KUrBBTSlwkaTYY295v7DcAbg30QaLx4wDkRaDFGeM.DsELJVzDj46quVk5pVRxPPgLma2j8LIoTlak4CkmdAV.2_0K5SPaELX1dcTzDy2xiOA5a526zeo7aJ.Ns6s7TUW_DA9BAeOF7pILVsbbBkQrBb7amyIxrGeZEjfl71s_8VIZ0im9rKU.23rndcn7ud1UK2zhDMjDlDHvfH92jGktBk26mCzvJaU3Nsmge8bW.trmssLVv_40moexe7k6_XpqHaBG6tfmwHtpiTsck37UsuGjD_N3y9.qE1UVpDGCWePoz.qN29MmEXLiv3rKQ3imDHwQHtVoKqudS_fGa52o8AA3W4N9W_W7b.tf.RmLpIe_owIEgWG1wRHFdVFxjAmW6EmPvTX_VYKB88KGT6FyCFVN4sIMlGwqbGQxtCdfhQTdqazq2B2MaTUSU8QtI8ANL8VAqR8WLtk77oRNdEuZyHcEIRXO3Qc2s9_S0tLuhvdjqF4f.1ofMaKvgkO3M3jqZDLBRLzOnLvw3tIH2c4xjQcOc6GNIHnJBUBYlHiMTxLbxP7xwKWZheRwKtxiAWvIyqP.b9AdXOL5iEp8rbbOQAmdrcoRAsAu96LSbDjOgjbFWeobpAKB_t2oQGbLSrszONC5U8EaFYKV08r_Gi8OIJpj8XOVOUxNF_2HyFgqCdSnjrnPLEWkeOcQGgkp_6NHQNbB8vsysDUeJJdoYDuyhXwL5euGWo8Kh2_luwOgg9Ac1gbVPDqeg9eA6F8vTn7A8FvGQlHpIdOjIOIcR.CghHyckq.aXL2PfZNRHHRDzWkEzrnxPi392qdQ_gvGK_zX3iJX6hv2xhWPWgxMPBSOpR7nLSPwTxPMKsQdP9eYIj7DywCeJDrsFxohd8_KwZL8PZriXZir9LZuZy9Rbwti9ie2zGuVp1ZJK3AfTvr.y9XZc7pB5XLhf7pWOdmiKG_nvEYQfVcJDZbfr7GvxGyIiBNJBAqs7zIsrcCO9MCcPEUAUNNsjS1CEZo3yuQo5ruo7HUtq1ilIQpw9cIsbMty.sbWOju5blsDhRrXWGZrU0JlwfvrlW2_S23VV.56S.ed_6iMtUCoTAIFwTEViPCZoMnentLgjhiMEUQ_CQqmu39L2kDvs1KCLYq49eWdTmdHG.TwX1zfKm.gkjZ3venGND14n3nB1Rhv63qnmxFqwWxoUBKdZsf2aGC0HLJwrs5ZTskZYtZSXeP8k4dIONzfeD_fNcJiurEsaCVR3WhYau8NHduG13fan.NqU4xLTNzlIJQE_gpmKMcAdMZvRTn8Ea0cKzzecl6l38v_RLaeIP.Ka_F6PdrMb7ifWlqj91fRZ10tsXdS_bc281.U7bXk3RjFH6axvXPna7iVPO0nSJwjQIEBaAg_QyLWGACchh8TAPXlpby._YF_ZP972ILcQt8DHVzfjwFcfsqMJOcNUSZwj8NXWTovActqHXJsEIah0.V07pOMO2nZesA.vfF1fF20mFfnA8gcfr46eiLB9avosCRJLYSHF0VvsUS8KtFCqqC2Ewy7TLB1waj345fHZzRSCiT.8EfoNIB9ZutO.L_Fcnmdsdj0L8_jChpDHEVLnXUfvZ2EEp.wYCH7kf2aLSQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92846ca1cf1a938e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10626\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Q5SLMvds4Lg1fHwazPC4eQHXB77uTGmVQgneKZGpGoo-1743304335-1.0.1.1-B2g9aty3lAT150Axpg9JQLQC09a1U2TfLdY4OdfGAjo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>